identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E67AFDBBF71E5AB3A42E60EABA91C59B.text	E67AFDBBF71E5AB3A42E60EABA91C59B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathyxiphus sp. CCZ _ 151	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bathyxiphus sp. CCZ_151</p>
            <p>Figure 61</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 6.9881°N, 149.9321°W; 5001 m deep; 06 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400713 (COI), ON406638 (18S), ON406615 (16S), ON406601 (28S); NHMUK 2022.11; Voucher code: CCZ_151 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen; basiphytous sponge (Fig. 61A, E). Body white, elongated (L&gt; 60 cm, W = 10 cm), thin (W = 11 mm), upright-blade shaped habitus (Fig. 61B, C, E), attached to, possibly, a beaked-whale rostrum covered in manganese crust (Fig. 61A).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Morphological characters are concordant with those of the genus, being very similar to  Bathyxiphus subtilis Schulze, 1899, the only known species in the genus. However, a midrib has been suggested as a key morphological feature absent in the specimen presented here. The species was described from Isla Guadalupe at 1251 m depth, and was recently recorded in APEI 3 at 4914 m (Kersken et al. 2019). However, 16S sequences between the APEI 3 specimen and the western CCZ specimen are 3% divergent (K2P distance). Additionally, they were not recovered as monophyletic in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 54) and hence considered different species. Measurements of total length were estimated from in situ images as only approx. half the specimen was recovered. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found attached to a beaked-whale rostrum covered in polymetallic crust, on abyssal sediments of APEI 4 at 5001 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A similar  Bathyxiphus sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Bathyxiphus sp. indet., HEX_025), though usually much smaller-sized, has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ, but not in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E67AFDBBF71E5AB3A42E60EABA91C59B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
07DA9927D70958BC98286BF452AB4064.text	07DA9927D70958BC98286BF452AB4064.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benthodytes marianensis Li, Xiao, Zhang & Zhang 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Benthodytes marianensis Li, Xiao, Zhang &amp; Zhang, 2018</p>
            <p>Fig. 45</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 5.1043°N, 141.8865°W; 4861 m deep; 25 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400682 (COI); NHMUK 2022.82; Voucher code: CCZ_019 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen (Fig. 45). Body is elongated, ~ 49.4 cm, dorso-ventrally flattened with flat ventral surface and inflated dorsal surface; anteriorly depressed and tapering posteriorly; colouration in live specimen is dark violet. Two irregular rows of large conical papillae running along the paired dorsal ambulacra.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The COI sequence is identical to the holotype of  B. marianensis (K2P genetic distance = 0%) collected in the Mariana Trench at 5567 m depth (Li et al. 2018). These two sequences are also recovered together in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 34). The species is only known from this location. Morphological characters are also concordant with the original description, including an uncommon, very peculiar, cross-shaped, dorsal ossicle (Fig. 45B). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found on the sedimented seafloor of an abyssal plain in APEI 7 at 4860 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> CCZ_019 resembles a  Benthodytes sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Benthodytes sp. indet., HOL_111) encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ (Amon et al. 2017b) and the Kiribati EEZ. However, the vivid dark/violet colouration of HOL_011 (contrasting with background bright sediment) can constrain the visibility of papillae features in in situ photographed specimens, potentially making these hard to differentiate from other  Benthodythes sp. morphotypes in vertically-facing seabed imagery. </p>
            <p> Family  Elpidiidae Théel , 1882 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/07DA9927D70958BC98286BF452AB4064	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
7EEBDE34539457F994F582773FCBAC7A.text	7EEBDE34539457F994F582773FCBAC7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benthodytes sanguinolenta Theel 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta 
Theel
, 1882
</p>
            <p>Fig. 44</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2953°N, 153.742°W; 5245 m deep; 09 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400720 (COI); NHMUK 2022.70; Voucher code: CCZ_178 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen (Fig. 44A). Colouration of live specimen is light pink dorsally (Fig. 44B), darker ventrally (Fig. 44C). Tentacles 18, yellow, digitiform. Numerous dorsal papillae scattered on dorsal. Brim wide. Tube feet in double rows along the mid-ventral ambulacrum, ~ 30 pairs, yellowish. Ossicles not found.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The closest match for the COI sequence is a sequence from  B. sanguinolenta (GenBank: HM196505.1; 93.54% similarity) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. A genetic study revealed two separate clades within  B. sanguinolenta (  O’Loughlin et al. 2011): (1) specimens from northwest Australia, and (2) Ross Sea. None of the samples included in  O’Loughlin et al. (2011) are from the type locality (34.1167° S 73.9399°'W, off Chile, Pacific Ocean; 4000 m), but they identified at least two separate genetic species. The COI sequence of the specimen collected in the CCZ forms a third clade within the  B. sanguinolenta species complex (Fig. 34). Genetic divergence (K2P distance) between the CCZ specimens and both NW Australia and Ross Sea clades is 10.1% and 7.3%, respectively, corresponding to values of intraspecific divergence in the group. In original description,  Théel (1882) describes the body to be 6-7  × longer than wide, whereas the preserved specimen collected in the CCZ is only ~ 3  × longer than wide, but might be due to preservation as in in situ images it appears longer. However, the number of digitiform tentacles and appearance of small processes are concordant with the description of  B. sanguinolenta . The sequence of  Benthodytes cf. sanguinolenta from Glover et al. (2016b) does not form a clade with the CCZ specimen, with COI genetic distance being large (K2P 23%). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found on the sedimented seafloor of an abyssal plain in APEI 1 at 5249 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No exactly similar  Benthodytes sp. morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of specimen CCZ_178 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Benthodytes sanguinolenta sp. inc., HOL_124). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7EEBDE34539457F994F582773FCBAC7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
4F0C8664E74B57D0B692C90D9AE9FBC9.text	4F0C8664E74B57D0B692C90D9AE9FBC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calyptrophora distolos Cairns 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Calyptrophora distolos Cairns, 2018</p>
            <p>Fig. 18</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.2874°N, 149.8578°W; 4125 m deep; 04 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400712 (COI), ON406604 (16S); USNM 1550968; Voucher: CCZ_131 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Branching uniplanar, colony ~ 20.8 cm tall, with polyps perpendicular to the stem in in situ images (Fig. 18A). Downward-oriented polyps, arranged parallel to the branch, mostly paired, but a few whorls with three to four polyps are present; polyps are ~ 2.7 mm tall and with an operculum longer than either of the body wall scales (Fig. 18B, C).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Morphological characters are concordant with the description of  Calyptrophora distolos (Cairns 2018). In addition to the paired polyps mentioned in the species description, this specimen also presents a few whorls with three or four polyps (Fig. 18C). Polyps are downward-oriented, therefore belonging to the wyvillei complex (Cairns 2018). The species is most similar to  C. persephone Cairns, 2015, which has been described for the UK-1 and BGR areas in the CCZ (Cairns 2015). However,  C. persephone is characterised as having polyps oriented upwards, therefore belonging to the japonica complex, and that are consistently arranged in whorls of three or four, with each basal scale bearing two prominent distal spines.  Calyptrophora distolos was described from the Enigma Seamount, south of Guam, at 3737 m depth, and has also been recorded for American Samoa at 2994 m depth (Cairns 2018). There are no genetic sequences available for other specimens of  C. distolos , but the sequences generated here cluster with other species of the genus (Fig. 15). However, the genus was not recovered as monophyletic. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found attached to a polymetallic crust on the slope of a seamount on APEI 4, at 4124 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A similar primnoid morphotype (i.e.,  Calyptrophora distolos sp. inc., ALC_016) was catalogued from seabed imagery (also collected on a seamount) in the eastern CCZ (e.g., Cuvelier et al. 2020), but not in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
            <p> Order  Pennatulacea Verrill, 1865 </p>
            <p> A total of 79 records of  Pennatulacea occurring at&gt; 3000 m depth in the CCZ have been recorded in OBIS, but none represent preserved specimens (OBIS 2022). We recovered a single specimen, for which sequences of both 16S and COI genes were obtained, and which were included in the phylogenetic analysis of the  Octocorallia (Fig. 15). </p>
            <p> Suborder  Sessiliflorae Kükenthal , 1915 </p>
            <p> Family  Protoptilidae Kölliker , 1872 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F0C8664E74B57D0B692C90D9AE9FBC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
240FAAF37DA15CE09BE48C34CBA16ACF.text	240FAAF37DA15CE09BE48C34CBA16ACF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catherinum albatrossianum (Pilsbry 1907)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Catherinum cf. albatrossianum (Pilsbry, 1907)</p>
            <p>Fig. 6</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 5.0442°N, 141.8165°W; 4875 m deep; 28 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400697 (COI), ON406623 (18S); WAM C74109; Voucher code: CCZ_073 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Single specimen 21 mm long, attached to glass sponge stalk (Fig. 5A; upper, green arrow). Capitulum elongated, white, ~ 2  × as long as wide (L = 16 mm, W = 8 mm); widest in the middle, tapering towards summit and base; short peduncle (4 mm) with small scales (Fig. 6A, B). Fourteen capitular plates fully calcified, showing growth lines, and separated by very narrow chitinous spaces. Carina is strongly arched in the distal half, tapering proximally, with flat roof and apical umbo. Tergum is almost a right triangle, longer than wide, with slightly convex occludent margin. Scutum is more than twice as wide as long, with arcuate occludent margin, with a distal indent on the lateral margin for the reception of the apex of the upper latus; baso-lateral margin rounded and next to the infra-median latus. Upper latus is pentagonal; with apical umbo projecting into notch on the scutum; scutal margin in concave; very short basal margin and carinolateral margin longer than carinal margin. Rostrolatus has an umbo projecting from the rostral margin. Rostrum minute. Large carinolatus, ~ 2  × as long as wide, umbo sub-basal, abutting base of carina, apex slightly extending approximately one fifth of the carina. Inframedian latus is&gt; 2  × as long as the widest section, widest distally and with rostral and carinal margins concave, with umbo sub-basal. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Morphological characters are in accordance with the description of  C. albatrossianum . The 18S sequence matches three genera within the subfamily  Arcoscalpellinae Zevina, 1978, while the closest match (85% similarity) for the COI sequence is to another species of  Catherinum . Like,  C. cf. novaezelandiae it differs morphologically from  C. tortilum , reported from the CCZ by Poltarukha and  Mel’Nik (2012), in the form of the inframedian latus. The type locality of  C. albatrossianum is off Cape Hatteras, in the northwest Atlantic, at ~ 3740 m depth, but it has been reported for the North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Indian Ocean between 760 and 4180 m depth (Zevina and Poltarukha 2014). The original description states that the species lacks a rostrum, however, a minute rostrum is present in the specimen examined herein. This in addition to the documented range of this species is the reason for the use of cf. in the identification. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p> Specimen was collected in a muddy abyssal area of APEI 7, at 4874 m depth. It was attached to a glass sponge stalk (Fig. 5A; upper, green arrow), along with another barnacle (  Trianguloscalpellum gigas , specimen CCZ_074; lower, yellow arrow), and an anemone (  Metridioidea stet. CCZ_072; specimen CCZ_072). It had hydrozoans and two serpulid polychaetes attached to it. </p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar morphotype (  Catherinum sp. indet., ART_032) has been encountered (e.g., large specimens&gt; 3 cm in length) in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ and in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/240FAAF37DA15CE09BE48C34CBA16ACF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
45B4C5581B9F54608D132E3E3017FD00.text	45B4C5581B9F54608D132E3E3017FD00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catherinum novaezelandiae (Hoek 1883)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Catherinum cf. novaezelandiae (Hoek, 1883)</p>
            <p>Fig. 7</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2751°N, 153.7444°W; 5241 m deep; 09 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400722 (COI), ON406625 (18S); WAM C74111; Voucher code: CCZ_185 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Single specimen 14 mm long; with elongated, white capitulum,&gt; 2  × as long as wide (L = 12 mm, W = 5 mm), and short peduncle (2 mm) with small scales (Fig. 7). Capitulum consists of 14 fully calcified capitular plates with growth lines, separated from each other by narrow chitinous sutures. Carina is simply bowed, with flat roof. Tergum is triangular, shorter on the occludent margin, with apical umbo; apical angle is similar to angle between the carinal and scutal margins. Upper latus somewhat pentagonal, with lower edge truncated, and apical edge reaching over the scutum; with apical umbo. Rostrolatus with umbo apical on the rostral margin, and arched lateral margin. Inframedian latus irregular in shape, narrow, almost 3  × as long as the widest part, with umbo sub-medial; rostral and carinal margins concave. Carinolatus is large, ~ 2  × as long as wide, with umbo sub-carinal, above basal angle. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Morphological characters of the capitulum conform to the description of the genus  Catherinum . The sequence for the 18S gene is similar to sequences from other species within the same family. Another species within the genus,  C. tortilum (Zevina, 1973), originally described from the Indian Ocean at 2760 m depth has also been recorded for the CCZ at similar depths (4872-4877 m depth; Poltarukha and  Mel’Nik 2012). In  C. tortilum , the inframedian  latus’ umbo is conspicuously displaced laterally away from the midline. The species  C. novaezelandiae is distributed in the Western and Eastern Indian Ocean, Western Central and Southwest Pacific, from depths 455-4800 m (Shalaeva and Boxshall 2014), but was originally described from East Cape, New Zealand (Southwest Pacific), at 1280 m. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p> The specimen was collected in the sedimented abyssal plain of APEI 1 at 5241 m depth. It was attached to a glass sponge stalk, along with a crinoid (  Bathymetrinae inc. CCZ_176; specimen CCZ_186), a polychaete, and anemones, that was anchored in the mud. </p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> Relatively large abundances of a very similar morphotype (  Catherinum sp. indet., ART_031) were observed in seabed imagery collected within abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ, but not in eastern CCZ surveys. </p>
            <p> Phylum  Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888 </p>
            <p> A total of 12 cnidarians w collected, belonging to six orders in two classes (  Anthozoa and  Scyphozoa ). </p>
            <p> Class  Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1834 </p>
            <p> Subclass  Hexacorallia Haeckel, 1896 </p>
            <p> Order  Actiniaria Hertwig, 1882 </p>
            <p> To date, there are 33 records of  Actiniaria found at&gt; 3000 m depth in the CCZ (OBIS 2022), but only two of these represent collected specimens. We collected five specimens, all belonging to different species, and for which genetic sequences of the COI or 18S genes were generated and included in a phylogenetic tree built from a concatenated alignment of 12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, COI, and COX3 (Fig. 8). </p>
            <p> Suborder  Enthemonae Rodríguez &amp; Daly in  Rodríguez et al. 2014 </p>
            <p> Superfamily  Metridioidea Carlgren, 1893 </p>
            <p> Metridioidea stet. CCZ_072 </p>
            <p>Fig. 9</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 5.0442°N, 141.8165°W; 4875 m deep; 28 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400696 (COI); NHMUK 2021.19; Voucher code: CCZ_072.</p>
            <p> Description. Single specimen, white (Figs 5, 9). Body subcylindrical, pedal disc modified and attached to a glass sponge stalk, oral disc is&gt; 2  × column width; with at least two cycles of slender, tapered, long, white tentacles, almost as long as the oral disc diameter (Fig. 5A). Tubercles are evident on the top half of the column when preserved, but tentacles completely retracted (Fig. 9 A, B). </p>
            <p> Remarks. COI sequence is similar (97.3%) to other species within the subfamily  Metridioidea but based on COI we were unable to delimit species because interspecific divergence is very low. Additionally, only a few studies have included sequences for COI, therefore hindering comparisons based solely on this gene. The COI divergence between  Metridiodea stet. CCZ_164 and  Metridiodea stet. CCZ_072 (1.95% K2P distance) was higher than the genetic distance between other species in the family  Metridiodea (Rodriguez et al. 2014), suggesting these to belong to separate species. The phylogenetic tree recovered both CCZ specimens within the subfamily  Metridioidea (Fig. 8), in a clade belonging to Cuticulata. Clades within Cuticulata were not well resolved in the phylogeny, but this group includes the  Graspina clade (families  Amphiantidae ,  Galantheanthenidae , and  Actinoscyphiidae ) that is characterised by a modified pedal disc that enables them to attach to other substrates, such as sponge stalks (Rodriguez et al. 2014), and is advantageous in deep-sea ecosystems. Based on this modified pedal disc, the specimen very likely belongs to a family within the  Graspina clade. </p>
            <p> Ecology. The specimen was collected in a muddy abyssal plain in APEI 7, at 4874 m depth. It was attached to a glass sponge stalk (Fig. 5A; top of stalk), along with two barnacles (  Catherinum cf. albatrossianum , specimen CCZ_073; and  Trianguloscalpellum gigas , specimen CCZ_074). </p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. A very similar  Actiniaria morphotype (  Metridioidea fam. indet., ACT_042) mostly attached to sponge stalks, has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ but not in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
            <p> Metridioidea stet. CCZ_154 </p>
            <p>Fig. 10</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 6.9702°N, 149.9426°W; 5009 m deep; 06 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400715 (COI); NHMUK 2021.27; Voucher code: CCZ_154.</p>
            <p>Description. Single specimen, completely white when alive (Fig. 10). Body of live specimen is more or less cylindrical, wider proximally and distally, 29 mm long. Pedal disc is the widest, 35 mm in diameter, attached to a manganese nodule, and oral disc 24 mm in diameter (Fig. 10B). Large and small conical, tapered tentacles alternating on the margin of the oral disc in two cycles: ~ 20 + 20, with the larger ones being approx. half the oral disc diameter and located above the smaller tentacles (Fig. 10A). Tentacles are only visible in in situ images (Fig. 10A), as they are fully retracted in the preserved specimen.</p>
            <p>Ecology. This specimen was attached to a nodule in abyssal sediments in APEI 4 at 5009 m depth.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The COI sequence is similar to sequences of species within different families, but in the phylogenetic tree it is recovered within the superfamily  Metridioidea (Fig. 8). </p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. No similar  Actiniaria morphotypes had been catalogued so far from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. The in situ image of  Metridiodea stet. CCZ_154 was hence catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Metridioidea fam. indet., ACT_044). </p>
            <p> Metridioidea stet. CCZ_164 </p>
            <p>Fig. 11</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 6.988°N, 149.9326°W; 5001 m deep; 06 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400717 (COI); NHMUK 2021.5; Voucher code: CCZ_164</p>
            <p>Description. Single specimen, white (Fig. 11A). Specimen with a short, subcylindrical column, with pedal and oral discs almost the same diameter (Fig. 11A). Long, slender, tapered, white tentacles arranged in at least two cycles (Fig. 11A). When preserved, column is more cylindrical, almost as long as wide (H = 18 mm, oral disc diameter = 21 mm), and tubercles are evident on the top half of the column; tentacles completely retracted (Fig. 11B, C).</p>
            <p> Remarks. COI sequence is very similar to  Metridiodea sp. CCZ_072 and they are recovered as sister species, in the multi-gene phylogeny, within the Cuticulata in the superfamily  Metridioidea (Fig. 8). This species very likely belongs to a family within the  Graspina clade (  Amphiantidae ,  Galantheanthenidae and  Actinoscyphiidae ) based on the modified pedal disc that allows them to attach to substrates other than rocks (Rodriguez et al. 2014). </p>
            <p>Ecology. This specimen was collected in muddy abyssal sediments in APEI 4 at 5001 m depth, attached to a glass sponge stalk.</p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. As with specimen from  Metridiodea stet. CCZ_072, a very similar morphotype has been commonly found in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ (i.e.,  Metridioidea fam. indet., ACT_042), but it does not seem possible to differentiate between the species  Metridiodea stet. CCZ_072 and  Metridiodea stet. CCZ_164 from in situ imagery. Morphotype ACT_042 is hence likely to encompass, at least, these two species in image-based analyses conducted across the CCZ. </p>
            <p> Superfamily  Actinostoloidea Carlgren, 1932 </p>
            <p> Family  Actinostolidae Carlgren, 1932 </p>
            <p> Actinostolidae stet. CCZ_183 </p>
            <p>Fig. 12</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2751°N, 153.7444°W; 5241 m deep; 09 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON406626 (18S); NHMUK 2021.28; Voucher code: CCZ_183.</p>
            <p>Description. Single specimen, white, attached to a nodule (Fig. 12A). Column is very short (3 mm), cylindrical (6 mm diameter), pedal disc much wider and completely attached to the nodule. Small tubercles scatter on the column (Fig. 12B).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Closest matches for the 18S sequence are sequences from other members of the family  Actinostolidae (&gt; 99.3%). In the phylogenetic tree, it is also recovered in a well-supported clade with species of the family  Actinostolidae (Fig. 8). However, this clade also includes  Capnea , which has been recovered within the same clade in previous studies (Rodriguez et al. 2014), and a specimen collected in the eastern CCZ identified as a member of the family  Hormathiidae (  Hormathiidae sp. NHM_416, Dahlgren et al, 2016). No in situ photos are available. </p>
            <p>Ecology. This specimen was collected in abyssal sediment in APEI 1 at 5241 m depth, attached to a polymetallic nodule.</p>
            <p> Actinostolidae stet. CCZ_202 </p>
            <p>Fig. 13</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 11.2518°N, 153.6059°W; 5206 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON406627 (18S); NHMUK 2021.22; Voucher code: CCZ_202.</p>
            <p>Description. Single, white specimen (Fig. 13A). Specimen with short column (4 mm), pedal and oral disc approx. the same diameter (8 mm). Between 8-10 white, long tentacles, approx. as long as the oral disc diameter (Fig. 13A). Column with scale-like pattern in preserved specimen (Fig. 13B), with tentacles fully retracted.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The closest matches to the 18S sequence are species in different suborders within the  Actiniaria (98.3% sequence similarity), including  Hormathiidae sp. NHM_416 from the CCZ (Dahlgren et al. 2016). However, in the phylogenetic tree it is confidently recovered within the  Actinostolidae (Fig. 8), along with the specimen  Hormathiidae sp. NHM_416. </p>
            <p>Ecology. This specimen was attached to a polymetallic nodule collected in abyssal sediments of APEI 1 at 5206 m depth.</p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. No similar  Actiniaria morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. The in situ image of  Actinostolidae stet. CCZ_202 was hence catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Actinostolidae gen. indet., ACT_080). However, small actiniarians (e.g., oral disc &lt;2 cm) are usually difficult to classify from seabed imagery as basic morphological features (e.g., number of tentacles) are often not clearly visible. Consequently, ACT_080 could be potentially confused with similarly small actinian morphotypes commonly encountered in the eastern CCZ (i.e.,  Hormathiidae gen. inc., ACT_022, also with a short pedal approx. the same diameter as the oral disc, but with 16-18 long thin tentacles). </p>
            <p> Order  Scleractinia Bourne, 1900 </p>
            <p> For  Scleractinia , there are only two records at&gt; 3000 m depth in the CCZ (OBIS 2022), with no specimens collected. A single scleractinian was collected, for which DNA amplification was unsuccessful. </p>
            <p> Family  Fungiacyathidae Chevalier &amp; Beauvais, 1987 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45B4C5581B9F54608D132E3E3017FD00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
874A146AD57C5D299A67724D891A5A04.text	874A146AD57C5D299A67724D891A5A04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysogorgia sp. CCZ _ 112	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chrysogorgia sp. CCZ_112</p>
            <p>Fig. 16</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.2874°N, 149.8578°W; 4125 m deep; 04 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400711 (COI), ON406602 (16S); NHMUK; Voucher code: CCZ_112 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Wide, long, sparsely branched colony, ~ 30 cm tall from the base (Fig. 16A, B). Polyps constricted basally on the neck (Fig. 16C-E), placed on internodes and absent from the main stem (Fig. 16A, B). Polyps are light orange when alive (Fig. 16C, D) and white after preservation (Fig. 16E). Sclerites near the polyp base are scale-like, but throughout the body and along the tentacle rachis are all elongate flat rods; sclerites are absent from the tentacle pinnules.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The sequence for the COI gene is 0% divergent from a sequence of a specimen of  Chrysogorgia abludo Pante &amp; Watling, 2011 (specimen NAS102-3, GenBank accession number GQ180138) collected at Nashville Seamount, New England Seamounts at 2246 m depth (Station 102; 34.5828°N, 56.8433°W) included as comparative material during the species description (Pante and Watling 2011). In octocorals, it has been found that COI evolves very slowly and therefore it is not suitable for species discrimination, with different species having the same haplotype (McFadden et al. 2011).  Chrysogorgia abludo is distributed in the Atlantic Ocean, and morphological characters of the specimen collected in this study differ from the original description of  C. abludo , as well as other species within the genus and hence considered a potentially new species In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 15) the specimen was also recovered along with another specimen of  Chrysogorgia , supporting its placement within the genus. </p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No similar  Alcyonacea morphotypes have been catalogued so far from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of  Chrysogorgia sp. CCZ_112 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Chrysogorgia sp. indet., ALC_017). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was attached to polymetallic crust on the slope of a seamount in the APEI 4, at 4124 m depth.</p>
            <p> Family  Mopseidae Gray, 1870 </p>
            <p> Mopseidae sp. CCZ_088 </p>
            <p>Fig. 17</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.0089°N, 149.9109°W; 5018 m deep; 02 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400705 (COI), ON406603 (16S); NHMUK XXX; Voucher code: CCZ_088.</p>
            <p>Description. Single specimen, with white axis and polyps; polyps standing perpendicular to the axis when alive (Fig. 17A). Colony is long, ~ 45 cm tall, and unbranched (Fig. 17A, B). Polyps are tall, ~ 2 mm, clavate, and standing parallel to the branch (Fig. 17C).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Both 16S (0.3% K2P) and COI (0.6% K2) sequences are very similar to  Mopseinae sp. NHM_330 (Dahlgren et al. 2016), which morphologically resembles the genus  Primnoisis . The specimen from the western CCZ likely belongs to the same genus but based on genetic and morphological differences represents a different species from that of the eastern CCZ. </p>
            <p>Ecology. The specimen was found attached to a nodule in abyssal sediments of APEI 4 at 5018 m depth.</p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. No similar  Alcyonacea morphotypes had been catalogued so far from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of CCZ_088 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Mopseidae gen. indet., ALC_018). However, it is often not possible to determine whether such small and abundant polyps are arranged in pairs or not, or the actual orientation of these with regards to the axis from seabed images. </p>
            <p> Family  Primnoidae Milne Edwards, 1857 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/874A146AD57C5D299A67724D891A5A04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
D15A123C7CC15E8AA03CD77BD6552E41.text	D15A123C7CC15E8AA03CD77BD6552E41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Docosaccus sp. CCZ _ 021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Docosaccus sp. CCZ_021</p>
            <p>Fig. 58</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 5.1043°N, 141.8867°W; 4860 m deep; 25 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400684 (COI), ON406635 (18S), ON406612 (16S), ON406598 (28S), ON411255 (ALG11); NHMUK 2022.6; Voucher code: CCZ_021 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen; lophophytous sponge. Plate-like, flat, subcircular body; 8.7 cm at its longest axis, 1 mm thick (Fig. 58A). Colouration is yellowish. Atrial surface facing up (Fig. 58C), and dermal surface almost in contact with the seafloor, with basalia protruding from it and anchoring it to the sediment (Fig. 58B).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> External morphological characters are concordant with the description of  D. maculatus (Kahn et al. 2013). However, sequences for the 16S and COI genes from the holotype are 2.4% and 3.9% divergent (K2P distance), respectively, from the western CCZ specimen. Sequences from 18S and 28S do not match to sequences from  D. maculatus . The species was described from Station M, off California, in the Pacific Ocean at depths of 3,953-4,000 m, but the genus was originally thought to be restricted to Antarctica (Kahn et al. 2013). This species has been recorded in the CCZ, in the eastern IFREMER contract area and in APEI 3, from 4905-4998 m depth (Kersken et al. 2019). The specimen collected in the western CCZ differs from the holotype of  D. maculatus in having more parietal oscula, and is smaller, and therefore considered a different species. External morphological characters also differ from the other species reported for the CCZ,  D. nidulus Kersken, Janussen &amp;  Martínez Arbizu, 2019. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>This specimen was found anchored to abyssal sediments of APEI 7 at 4860 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Docosaccus sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Docosaccus maculatus sp. inc., HEX_015) has been very frequently encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ and in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D15A123C7CC15E8AA03CD77BD6552E41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
7C871719323051E2B0B9D8B017C0B3E7.text	7C871719323051E2B0B9D8B017C0B3E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Freyastera stet. CCZ _ 201	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Freyastera stet. CCZ_201</p>
            <p>Fig. 26</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2518°N, 153.6059°W; 5204 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400730 (COI); NHMUK 2022.81; Voucher code: CCZ_201 . </p>
            <p>Comparative material.</p>
            <p>
                  Pacific Ocean • 1 specimen, holotype of  Freyella benthophila Sladen, 1889; mid-South Pacific; 39.6833°S, 131.3833°W; 4663 m deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 289; NHMUK 1890.5.7.1078. Atlantic Ocean • 1 specimen, syntype of  Freyella tuberculata Sladen, 1889; between west coast of Africa and  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -14.6833/lat -2.7)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-14.6833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.7">Ascencion Islands</a>
                 ; 22.3°N, 22.0333°W; 4389 m deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 346; NHMUK 1890.5.7.1077. • 1 specimen, syntype of  Freyella tuberculata ; between  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -14.6833/lat -2.7)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-14.6833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.7">Canary Islands</a>
                 and Cape Verde Islands; 2.7°S, 14.6833°W; 4298 m deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 89; NHMUK 1890.5.7.1076  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen, with very small disc and six long, slender, tapered arms (R = 190 mm, r = 5 mm; Fig. 26A). Specimen before preservation has a slightly orange adoral disc surface, white arms, and bright orange tube feet discs (Fig. 26A-D). Disc is somewhat rounded, covered with short, scattered spines covered by a membrane bearing pedicellariae (Fig. 26B). Arms with long, slender lateral spines, also covered with a membrane bearing pedicellariae (Fig. 26C). Each abactinal plate on the genital area bears a one to few spinelets, completely covered with a membrane with pedicellariae. Each mouth plate has two oral spines covered by a clear membrane bearing pedicellariae; one located on the adoral margin of the mouth plate and the suboral spine located above the centre of the mouth plate.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The COI sequence is 4% divergent from the two specimens of  Freyastera cf. tuberculata reported herein, and hence considered a separate species. It is also divergent (&gt; 4% K2P distance) to sequences of other species of  Freyastera , but forms a monophyletic clade with those, confirming its placement within the genus (Fig. 24). Morphologically it resembles  Freyastera cf. tuberculata , but differ in having slightly shorter and more scattered spinelets on the abactinal surface of the disc. Also, the spinelets on the abactinal plates on the genital area are more numerous, and completely covered by a membrane bearing pedicellariae, instead of having a membrane that does not cover the spine all the way down to the base as in  F. cf. tuberculata . In addition, the genetic distance with specimens of that species corresponds to the genetic distance between morphologically distinct species and hence considered a separate species. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was collected on the sedimented abyssal plain of APEI 1 at 5204 m depth, with arms curled up like a basket (Fig. 26A).</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> Freyastera spp. are commonly found in image-based megafauna assessments across the CCZ (e.g., Amon et al. 2016; Amon et al. 2017b), abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ, and other areas of the Pacific abyss (e.g., Peru Basin:  Simon-Lledó et al. 2019a), both in nodule fields and in seamount areas. The relatively large size of adult specimens facilitates the detection of these brisingids even upon imagery collected at high altitudes (&gt; 5 m) above the seabed. However, only one  Freyastera sp. morphotype (e.g.,  Freyastera sp. indet., AST_002) has been catalogued so far, as differences in structure of the abactinal armament and/or the suboral spines are not visible from seabed images. </p>
            <p> Order  Forcipulatida Perrier, 1884 </p>
            <p> Family  Zoroasteridae Sladen, 1889 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C871719323051E2B0B9D8B017C0B3E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
A7C19C558CF05ABDB05598C74F785B48.text	A7C19C558CF05ABDB05598C74F785B48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Freyastera tuberculata (Sladen 1889)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Freyastera cf. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889)</p>
            <p>Fig. 25</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 6.9879°N, 149.9123°W; 5000 m deep; 02 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400716 (COI); NHMUK 2022.80; Voucher code: CCZ_157 • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 6.9873°N, 149.9331°W; 5000 m deep; 06 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400704 (COI); NHMUK 2022.79; Voucher code: CCZ_087 . </p>
            <p>Comparative material.</p>
            <p>
                  Pacific Ocean • 1 specimen, holotype of  Freyella benthophila Sladen, 1889; mid-South Pacific; 39.6833°S, 131.3833°W; 4663 m deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 289; NHMUK 1890.5.7.1078. Atlantic Ocean • 1 specimen, syntype of  Freyella tuberculata Sladen, 1889; between west coast of Africa and  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -14.6833/lat -2.7)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-14.6833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.7">Ascencion Islands</a>
                 ; 22.3°N, 22.0333°W; 4389 m deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 346; NHMUK 1890.5.7.1077. • 1 specimen, syntype of  Freyella tuberculata ; between  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -14.6833/lat -2.7)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-14.6833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.7">Canary Islands</a>
                 and Cape Verde Islands; 2.7° S, 14.6833°W; 4298 m deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 89; NHMUK 1890.5.7.1076  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Two specimens (R = 106 mm, r = 3 mm; R = 164 mm, r = 6 mm); live specimens whitish on both actinal and abactinal surfaces, tube feet transparent with bright orange flattened discs (Fig. 25A, B). Disc is small, somewhat rounded, slightly orange on actinal and abactinal surfaces (Fig. 25E, F); with six long, slender arms (Fig. 25A-C); lacking furrow spines (Fig. 25D). Each abactinal plate on the genital area bears a single spinelet (Fig. 25E), covered with a membrane with pedicellariae. Each mouth plate has two oral spines covered by a clear membrane bearing pedicellariae (Fig. 25F); one located on the adoral margin of the mouth plate and the suboral spine located above the centre of the mouth plate.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The COI sequences were very similar to sequences of  Freyastera cf. benthophila (Sladen, 1889) collected in the UK-1 contract area from the CCZ (Glover et al. 2016a), and which were recovered in a single clade (Fig. 24). Only arm segments were recovered from the UK-1 specimens, and although they were found to resemble  F. benthophila , the whole specimens collected in the western CCZ differ from the original description for the species. Only five species are known for having six rays:  F. sexradiata (Perrier, 1885),  F. benthophila ,  F. tuberculata (Sladen, 1889),  F. basketa Zhang et al., 2019, and  F. delicata Zhang et al., 2019. However,  F. benthophila is easily distinguished from the other two species by its abactinal armament; each abactinal plate bearing two or three spinelets covered with a simple membrane with no pedicellariae (Sladen 1889). The specimens from the CCZ have abactinal spinelets covered by a membrane that bears pedicellariae (Fig. 25E). They also differ from  F. benthophila in having the spines on the adoral margin of the mouth-plates covered by a clear membrane bearing pedicellariae instead of an opaque membrane with no pedicellariae (Downey 1986). In addition, the suboral spines are located above the centre of the mouth plate (Fig. 25F), as in  F. tuberculata , and not below the centre of the mouth plate as described for  F. benthophila (Downey 1986). Syntypes from  F. tuberculata are from the Atlantic Ocean (Sladen 1889), but it has been reported for the Eastern Tropical Pacific (0.05°N, 117.25°W) at 4243 m depth (Downey 1986). Unfortunately, there are no genetic sequences available for this species, but COI sequences from CCZ specimens are highly divergent from the sequence of  F. benthophila collected in the Mariana Trench (K2P distance: 13-14%). In the phylogenetic tree they are also recovered in different clades, very close to another species reported herein, and to  F. delicata and  Freyastera sp. Yap (in Zhang et al. 2019) (Fig. 24). The specimen collected here represents the same species as found in the eastern CCZ,  Freyastera cf. benthophila (Glover et al. 2016b). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>One specimen was observed on the sedimented seafloor (CCZ_157), while another was sitting on a nodule with the actinal surface against the muddy seafloor and lifting the tip of the arms like a basket (CCZ_087). Both seastars were collected on abyssal sediments of APEI 4 at 5000 m depth. During morphological examination of these samples, the exoskeleton of a large (&gt; 6 mm long), digested copepod was found in the stomach of specimen CCZ_157.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7C19C558CF05ABDB05598C74F785B48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
F3A37DECF1A7506993654288FFA36963.text	F3A37DECF1A7506993654288FFA36963.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fungiacyathus (Fungiacyathus) fragilis Sars 1872	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Fungiacyathus (Fungiacyathus) cf. fragilis Sars, 1872</p>
            <p>Fig. 14</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.2647°N, 149.774°W; 3562 m deep; 03 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; NHMUK 2021.26; Voucher code: CCZ_107</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen, solitary, and unattached, ~ 27 mm in transverse diameter. Live specimen with tapered, transparent tentacles, longer than half the corallum diameter and arranged in two or three cycles (Fig. 14A). Corallum is light brown distally and darker proximally on live specimen (Fig. 14B, C). The base is flat and the lower cycle septa are strongly arched upward; septa are arranged in five cycles, those of the fifth are rudimentary.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> No genetic sequences were obtained from this specimen. Morphological characters match the genus  Fungiacyathus . </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>This free-living specimen was found on a sedimented area on a seamount in APEI 4, at 3561 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar scleractinian morphotype (i.e.,  Fungiacyathus sp. indet., SCL_003) has been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ but not in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ, usually on sediment. As with other solitary scleractinians, this taxon could be confused with an anemone in seabed imagery (e.g., SCL_003 was originally catalogued as an  Actiniaria from in situ images, which was addressed following the collection and analysis of the specimen collected in this study). </p>
            <p> Subclass  Octocorallia Haeckel, 1866 </p>
            <p> Order  Alcyonacea Lamouroux, 1812 </p>
            <p> There are 131 records of  Alcyonacea at&gt; 3000 m depth in the CCZ, only eight of those representing preserved specimens (OBIS 2022). We collected three specimens belonging to three different species, only one assigned to a previously described species. Genetic sequences for both 16S and COI genes were amplified for each specimen, and included in a concatenated alignment (16S, COI, mtMutS, NADH2) used to generate a phylogenetic tree of  Octocorallia (Fig. 15). Classification of  Alcyonacea specimens from seabed imagery is often constrained by the lack of visibility of polyp morphology, particularly when these are small (e.g., family  Primnoidae ). Therefore, classification from in situ images is mostly based on broader features like the branching pattern, the length of the main stem, and/or the number, size, and positioning of polyps on branch nodes. </p>
            <p> Suborder  Calcaxonia Grasshoff, 1999 </p>
            <p> Family  Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3A37DECF1A7506993654288FFA36963	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
449B3905CEB558B492A71847091A9897.text	449B3905CEB558B492A71847091A9897.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Holascus stet. CCZ _ 078	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Holascus stet. CCZ_078</p>
            <p>Fig. 59</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 5.0443°N, 141.8162°W; 48745 m deep; 28 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400700 (COI), ON406636 (18S), ON406613 (16S), ON406599 (28S), ON411256 (ALG11); NHMUK 2022.7; CCZ_078 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen; lophophytous white sponge (Fig. 59A). Band-like body, collar formed from thin wall with two large openings, with lower opening being larger than upper opening (Fig. 59B, C). Body height of 4.8 cm, lower body diameter of 15.1 cm, and upper body diameter of 11.8 cm. basalia almost as long as the body height, protruding from the lower margin and anchoring it to the sediment (Fig. 59A).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Morphological external characters are concordant with the description of  Holascus spinosus Kersken, Janussen &amp;  Martínez Arbizu, 2019, which was described from the IOM area in the CCZ. The closest genetic matches on GenBank for the 16S correspond to species within the genus  Holascus (2.1-3.5% genetic divergence), with the holotype of  Holascus spinosus being the closest match (2.1% genetic divergence). There are no 18S sequences available for  H. spinosus , but it is 0.23% divergent from another species within the genus,  H. euonyx (Lendenfeld, 1915), from which it differs morphologically. In the phylogenetic tree it was recovered, with low support, as sister to  H. spinosus (Fig. 54), but 16S genetic divergence suggested these to be separate species. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>This specimen was found anchored to abyssal sediments of APEI 7 at 4874 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Holascus sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Holascus sp. indet., HEX_014) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ and in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
            <p> Subfamily  Bolosominae Tabachnick, 2002 </p>
            <p> Bolosominae stet. CCZ_198 </p>
            <p>Fig. 60</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2518°N, 153.6053°W; 5205 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400728 (COI), ON406637 (18S), ON406614 (16S), ON406600 (28S); NHMUK 2022.10; Voucher code: CCZ_198.</p>
            <p>Description. Single specimen; lophophytous white sponge (Fig. 60A, B). Body is cup- to bell-shaped, slightly wider than long (L = 10 cm, W = 11 cm), with a long, slender stalk (L = 70 cm) anchored to soft sediment. Central osculum with thick body walls.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The closest match with the 18S sequence is the holotype of  Hyalostylus microfloricomus Kersken, Janussen &amp;  Martínez Arbizu, 2019 (99.8%), described from the Heip Mountains in the GSR contract area in the CCZ at 3788 m depth (Kersken et al. 2019). However, in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 54) it was recovered in a well-supported clade representing the subfamily  Bolosominae , but subclades were not well supported and hence the specimen is not attributed to any genera. </p>
            <p>Ecology. This specimen was collected on abyssal sediments of APEI 1 at 5205 m depth, and was anchored to the sediment.</p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. A very similar stalked sponge morphotype (i.e.,  Hexactinellidae ord. indet., HEX_026) has been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted at the eastern CCZ, but not in abyssal areas of  Kiribati’s EEZ. In seabed images, HEX_026 highly resembles  Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) campanula Lendenfeld, 1915, as identified by Kersken et al. (2019) based on morphological traits observed in specimens encountered in the eastern CCZ. </p>
            <p> Order  Sceptrulophora Mehl, 1992 </p>
            <p> Family  Euretidae Zittel, 1877 </p>
            <p> Subfamily  Chonelasmatinae Schrammen, 1912 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/449B3905CEB558B492A71847091A9897	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
0AB8C41630A6508E92CA2102141B4806.text	0AB8C41630A6508E92CA2102141B4806.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalonema stet. CCZ _ 020	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hyalonema stet. CCZ_020</p>
            <p>Fig. 55</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 5.1149°N, 141.8967°W; 4856 m deep; 25 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400683 (COI), ON406634 (18S), ON406608 (16S), ON406597 (28S), ON411254 (ALG11); NHMUK; Voucher code: CCZ_020. • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2954°N, 153.7422°W; 5245 m deep; 09 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400721 (COI), ON406609 (16S); NHMUK 2022.8; Voucher code: CCZ_179 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Two specimens. Lophophytous sponges (Fig. 55A-C). Body is white, ovoid, almost as wide as long (CCZ_020 W = 4.7 cm, L = 5 cm; CCZ_179 W = 8 cm, L = 8 cm); with an osculum (CCZ_020 d = 1 cm; CCZ_179 d = 4 cm) surrounded by a thin margin; separated atrial cavity. Attached to the sediment by a thin tuft of basalia that extends from the central lower body (CCZ_020 L&gt; 7 cm; CCZ_179 L&gt; 20 cm).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Genetic sequences between specimens CCZ_020 and CCZ_179 are 1% and 0.8% divergent (K2P distance) for COI and 16S, respectively. COI and 16S closest matches are sequences from  Tabachnickia sp. within the  Hyalonematidae . The sequence for the 18S is&gt; 95% similar to other species of  Hyalonema . In the phylogenetic tree, both specimens were recovered together, in a well-supported clade with other members from different subgenera within the genus  Hyalonema and including  Tabachnickia sp. (Fig. 54). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimens were collected attached to abyssal sediments of APEI 7 and APEI 1 at 4856 and 5245 m depth, respectively.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar hyalonematid morphotype (i.e.,  Hyalonema sp. indet., HEX_002) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ and in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ, mostly in nodule field areas. In situ images of HEX_002 (Fig. 55A, C) show that the aperture width of the central osculum is an unreliable character to distinguish different  Hyalonema sp. morphotypes (nor these from other genera) in seabed imagery, as this contracts and expands episodically (e.g., Kahn et al. 2020). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0AB8C41630A6508E92CA2102141B4806	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
2EA9AF491BF752A888816E82E6D1B3E9.text	2EA9AF491BF752A888816E82E6D1B3E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalonema stet. CCZ _ 081	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hyalonema stet. CCZ_081</p>
            <p>Fig. 56</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.036°N, 149.9395°W; 5031 m deep; 01 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON406610 (16S); NHMUK 2022.9; Voucher code: CCZ_081 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen (Fig. 56). Lophophytous sponge; body white, somewhat bowl-shaped, longer than wide (L = 3.9 cm, W = 2.8 cm); with a wide osculum (d = 2.6 cm) surrounded by a thin margin. Attached to the sediment by a thin tuft of basalia that extends from the central lower body.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Morphological characters were found concordant with those of the genus  Hyalonema . The 16S sequence is very similar (99.34%) to sequences from  H. (Cyliconemaoida) ovuliferum Schulze, 1899, being the closest match on public databases. It is recovered in a well-supported clade along with other hyalonematids (Fig. 54), supporting its placement within the genus. It was not possible to assign it any subgenus, as the different subgenera have not been recovered as monophyletic (Dohrmann 2018). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>This specimen was collected anchored to the sediment on the abyssal plain of APEI 4 at 5031 m.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar hyalonematid morphotype (i.e.,  Hyalonema sp indet., HEX_003) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ and in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. As observed in HEX_002, the aperture width of the central osculum in HEX_003 can vary owing to body contractions or expansions (Kahn et al. 2020), and should hence not be used to guide identifications of these morphotypes based on seabed imagery. </p>
            <p> Subclass  Hexasterophora Schulze, 1886 </p>
            <p> Order  Lyssacinosida Zittel, 1877 </p>
            <p> Family  Euplectellidae Gray, 1867 </p>
            <p> Subfamily  Euplectellinae Gray, 1867 </p>
            <p> Euplectellinae stet. CCZ_199 </p>
            <p>Fig. 57</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2518°N, 153.5853°W; 5202 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400729 (COI), ON406611 (16S); NHMUK; Voucher code: CCZ_199.</p>
            <p>Description. Single specimen (Fig. 57A). Lophophytous white sponge with tubular habitus (L = 5 cm). There is a large, central osculum (d = 2cm), and protruding fistules with terminal suboscula, each with one or two, mostly two, openings (Fig. 57B). Long basalia (L = 6 cm) arranged as a tube, protruding from the lower end of the habitus and anchored to the sediment (Fig. 57C).</p>
            <p> Remarks. The 16S sequence is close to  Corbitella discasterosa Tabachnick &amp;  Lévi , 2004 (2.3% K2P distance), and it is also similar to other species within the family  Euplectellidae . The closest COI match is  Docosaccus maculatus Kahn, Geller, Reiswig &amp; Smith Jr., 2013 (91.5% similarity). Morphological characters are concordant with those of the family  Euplectellidae , and in the phylogenetic analysis it is recovered within the  Euplectellidae (Fig. 54), along with other species of  Holascus Schulze, 1886, but poorly supported. Although the subfamilies were not recovered as monophylectic, it is very likely it belongs to the subfamily Euplectillinae based on its lophophytous form. </p>
            <p>Ecology. This specimen was found anchored to the abyssal sediments of APEI 1 at 5202 m depth.</p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. A very similar  Euplectellidae morphotype (i.e.,  Euplectellidae gen. indet., HEX_005) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ, but not in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Kersken et al. (2019) collected a few specimens of HEX_005 at the APEI 3 (Northeastern CCZ), identified as  Corbitella discasterosa based on morphological characters.  Corbitella discasterosa is basiphytous, while our specimen is lophophytous, but this would hardly be distinguished from seabed images. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EA9AF491BF752A888816E82E6D1B3E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
5562C7A96CDF514A9DE048A3D4ACE624.text	5562C7A96CDF514A9DE048A3D4ACE624.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kamptosoma abyssale Mironov 1971	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Kamptosoma abyssale Mironov, 1971</p>
            <p>Fig. 33</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.036°N, 149.9395°W; 5040 m deep; 01 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400701 (COI); CASIZ 229306; Voucher code: CCZ_082 . </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>  Pacific Ocean • 1 specimen, holotype of  Kamptosoma asterias (A. Agassiz); off the coast of Chile; 33.5167°S, 74.7167°W; 3950 m deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 299; NHMUK 1881.11.22.114. • 2 specimens,  Kamptosoma abyssale Mironov, 1971; Tasman Sea; 0°N, 0°E; 4850- 4800 m deep; Galathea Expedition, Stn. 574; NHMUK 1984.1.25.86-87  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen (d = 3.4 cm, H = 1.6 cm). In situ, the body is reddish brown, rounded and flattened (Fig. 33A, B). Spines are the same reddish brown colour of the body; oral primary spines are encased by a fleshy, clear sac, swollen and brighter at the tip. The test and covering skin are very thin and gonads are visible through; primary spines are projected upwards and tube feet extending downwards from the lower half of the body. Whole abactinal surface (ambulacral and interambulacral) covered by primaries arranged in irregular lines along the median lines of the plates, with few secondaries or militaries near ambitus (Fig. 33C). Claviform (globiferous) pedicellariae carries two saccules and two valves. Before preservation, colouration was bright orange.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Only two species of  Kamptosoma have been described to date.  Kamptosoma asterias (Agassiz, 1881) was first described from off the coast of Chile at 3950 m depth (type locality: H.M.S Challenger St. 299), and from the east of Malden Island, Central Pacific, at 4750 m depth (type locality for  K. indistinctum synonymous with  K. asterias : H.M.S. Challenger St. 272) (Agassiz 1881; 1904). It has also been reported for the central Pacific Ocean, the Tasman Sea, Chile, Antarctica, and the southern Indian Ocean from 3890-4950 m depth (Anderson 2016).  Kamptosoma abyssale type locality is the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, from 6090-6235 m (Mironov 1971), and occurs in the Northwest Pacific, from Aleutian Islands to Kermadec Trench, and from Madagascar to east of Hawaii between 4374-6235 m depth (Mooi et al. 2004). These two species are only differentiated by the shape of the claviform pedicellaria (previously referred to as globiferous pedicellaria, but Mironov et al. (2015) suggested these to belong to the claviform group as their rudimentary valves are not functional), with two valves in  K. abyssale , and three valves in  K. asterias . The specimen from the CCZ has pedicellariae with two saccules and two valves, as described for  K. abyssale . However, the COI sequence is very similar (0.47-1.4% K2P distance) to sequences of  K. asterias collected in the Tasman Sea from 4570-4744 m depth, and are recovered in a well-supported clade (Fig. 31). These values of genetic divergence are within the intraspecific divergence that has been reported for echinoids (Chow et al. 2016), and therefore might belong to the same species. Nonetheless these specimens identified as  K. asterias were reported to have claviform pedicellariae with two valves as described for  K. abyssale (Anderson 2016). It has been suggested that  K. abyssale is a synonym of  K. asterias , and the former species will only be validated once material from both type localities is examined in detail (Anderson 2016; Mironov et al. 2015; Mooi et al. 2004).  Kamptosoma asterias from the Central Pacific (St. 272) has been re-examined and was reported to have pedicellariae with three valves (Mironov et al. 2015). The holotype from St. 299 was examined in this study. Unfortunately, most pedicellariae have been lost and only a single claviform pedicellariae was found, this with two valves. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found crawling rapidly across abyssal sediment in APEI 4, at 5040 m depth. This morphotype has an unusually high crawling speed.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Kamptosoma sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Kamptosoma abyssale sp. inc., URC_010) has been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted in abyssal areas of  Kiribati’s EEZ, but not in the eastern CCZ. URC_010 was the most abundant echinoid morphotype encountered in the abyssal areas explored within  Kiribati’s EEZ (  Simon-Lledó et al. 2019d). </p>
            <p> Class  Holothuroidea</p>
            <p>Holothurians are important components of the benthic deep-sea megafauna, and currently there are 367 records at a minimum depth of 3000 m in the CCZ, with 141 representing preserved specimens (OBIS 2022). Holothurians are amongst the most diverse invertebrate megafaunal taxa in the CCZ seafloor; a total of 106 different holothurian morphotypes has been so far catalogued in the image-based assessments consulted for this study, across the CCZ and nearby locations. We collected 18 specimens belonging to 15 different species, for which the COI gene was successfully amplified for all but one specimen. The gene 18S was successfully amplified for that specimen, as well as for other three. These were included in a concatenated alignment (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, COI, and H3) used to estimate a phylogenetic tree (Fig. 34).</p>
            <p> Subclass  Actinopoda Ludwig, 1891 </p>
            <p> Order  Persiculida Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal &amp; Rouse, 2017 </p>
            <p> Family  Molpadiodemidae Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal &amp; Rouse, 2017 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5562C7A96CDF514A9DE048A3D4ACE624	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
4EAF8230AF8B529E8962EB5441589374.text	4EAF8230AF8B529E8962EB5441589374.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni Theel 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Laetmogone cf. wyvillethomsoni 
Theel
, 1979
</p>
            <p>Fig. 49</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.8877°N, 141.7569°W; 3132 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400689 (COI), ON406641 (18S); NHMUK 2021.18; Voucher code: CCZ_062 . </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>  Pacific Ocean • 1 specimen, holotype of  Laetmogone spongiosa Théel , 1879; south of Japan; 34. 1167°N, 138°E; 1033 m deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 235; NHMUK 1883.6.18.47  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Single specimen (Fig. 49A). Body cylindrical, ~ 3  × as long as wide (L = 15.6 cm, W = 5.2 cm), with convex dorsal surface and somewhat flattened ventral surface, tapering posteriorly; mouth anterior, subventral, terminal; anus posterior, terminal, slightly dorsal; violet colouration in live and preserved specimen, with darker ventral surface (Fig. 49A-C). Tentacles 15, of almost equal size, and very dark at the tips. Odd ambulacrum is naked; 27 or 28 tube feet arranged in a single row on each of the paired ventral ambulacra, forming a continuous line on the anterior ⅔ of the body and scattered posteriorly, also decreasing in size (Fig. 49C). Each paired dorsal ambulacrum with a single row of long processes, 12 on the left and 13 on the right; longest processes longer than ⅓ of the body length. Twenty pedicels along each side of the ventral surface, posterior pairs smaller than the others. Fourteen processes of the bivium along the left ambulacra and thirteen along the right. Tegument is thick, completely covered by calcareous ossicles. Dorsal ossicles are wheel-like of various sizes (40-226  μm in diameter), with four or five studs, mostly five, on primary central crosses, and with 8-17 spokes, mostly eight on large wheels; ossicle is convex, rim smooth, interspoke areas small, and large central area on large wheels (Fig. 49D). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Closest match on public databases for the COI gene sequence was other sequences of  Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni Théel , 1879 (4.0-5.8% K2P genetic distance) from the Ross Sea and Marie Byrd Seamounts (  O’Loughlin et al. 2011). The specimen from the CCZ and specimens from  L. wyvillethomsoni from Antarctica were recovered in our phylogeny (Fig. 34) in a well-supported clade (Fig. 34), which is subdivided in three clades including the two Antarctic clades stratified by depth reported in  O’Loughlin et al. (2011), and the specimen from the CCZ. Type material for  L. wyvillethomsoni was collected during the H.M.S. Challenger expedition at stations 300 (off the coast of South America; 33.7° S, 78.3°W; 2514 m depth) and 147 (west of the Crozet Islands; 46.2667° S, 48.45° E; 2926 m), and high morphological variability was reported (  Théel 1879). The CCZ specimen morphologically resembles  L. wyvillethomsoni , but no rod-shaped ossicles were found in the dorsal skin, differing from the original description. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found on the sedimented seafloor of a seamount in APEI 7 at 3132 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No similar laetmogonid morphotypes have been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of specimen CCZ_062 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Laetmogone sp. indet., HOL_123). </p>
            <p> Class  Ophiuroidea</p>
            <p> To date, there are 1201 records of ophiuroids occurring at&gt; 3000 m depth in the CCZ, with 117 representing preserved specimens (OBIS 2022). Four specimens belonging to three different species were collected and the barcoding gene COI was amplified for all but one, for which both 18S and 28S were amplified. These sequences, excluding 18S, were included in a concatenated alignment (28S, and COI) and used to estimate a phylogenetic tree (Fig. 50).  Ophiuroidea is amongst the most challenging groups to identify and classify based on seabed image data only; key morphological features are too small to be appropriately visualised (e.g., plates and scales) and/or are found on the ventral disc (not visible in images). As a result, the taxonomic resolution of ophiuroid morphotypes catalogued from seabed imagery is usually much lower than that in other echinoderm groups. Consequently, connectivity and distribution patterns of ophiuroids derived from seabed image data should be interpreted cautiously. </p>
            <p> Subclass  Myophiuroidea Matsumoto, 1915 </p>
            <p> Infraclass  Metophiurida Matsumoto, 1913 </p>
            <p> Superorder  Ophintegrida O’Hara , Hugall, Thuy,  Stöhr &amp; Martynov, 2017 </p>
            <p> Order  Ophioscolecida O’Hara , Hugall, Thuy,  Stöhr &amp; Martynov, 2017 </p>
            <p> Family  Ophioscolecidae Lütken , 1869 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4EAF8230AF8B529E8962EB5441589374	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
48F3C09CE0455C589162DB85853E9B6E.text	48F3C09CE0455C589162DB85853E9B6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laetmonice stet. CCZ _ 060	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Laetmonice stet. CCZ_060</p>
            <p>Fig. 3</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.8897°N, 141.75°W; 3096 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400687 (COI); NHMUK 2022.76; Voucher code: CCZ_060 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen (Fig. 3A). Body short, ovoid, flattened ventrally and somewhat arched dorsally. Specimen ~ 1 cm at widest point and 2 cm long, with 31 chaetigers. Dorsal felt not present. Specimen caked dorsally in dense layer of pale sediment (Fig. 3B, E), easily removed from dorsum but adhering to prostomium, parapodia, chaetae, and pygidium, obscuring respective features. Elytra 15 pairs, semi-translucent, smooth, and overlapping to cover dorsum (Fig. 3C). Dorsal cirri long, fine and tapering, extending beyond parapodia. Ventrum smooth. Ventral cirri, short, mostly broken off, not extending to base of neurochaetae. Parapodia biramous. Notochaetae include long, dark, brassy spines (Fig. 3E) with simple, tapered tips or with harpoon-shaped tips bearing four or five recurved fangs (Fig. 3D); both types of notochaetae with tuberculated shafts (Fig. 3G); neurochaetae include finer, shorter, paler chaetae with subdistal lateral spur and distal fringe of filamentous hairs (Fig. 3F), tips frequently broken off or covered in sediment.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The presence of harpoon-shaped notochaetae supports the placement of this specimen within the genus  Laetmonice (Fauchald 1977). Forms a monophyletic clade with other species of the genus  Laetmonice based on COI sequences. Genetically distinct from  Laetmonice stet. CCZ_060, the closest match is with  Laetmonice filicornis Kinberg, 1856 (90.8% similarity).  Laetmonice filicornis is described from shelf depths near Sweden in the North Atlantic. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>This specimen was observed crawling on the sedimented seafloor on the seamount of APEI 7 at 3096 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No exactly identical  Aphroditiformia morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of  Laetmonice stet. CCZ_060 was added as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Laetmonice sp. indet., ANN_019) in the megafauna imagery catalogue. Only one other  Aphroditiformia morphotype (i.e.,  Aphroditidae gen. indet., ANN_022; with much larger spines and no sediment coating), was catalogued from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ, also found on a seamount. In vertically-facing seabed images,  Aphroditiformia morphotypes could potentially be confused with plate-shaped Xenophyophore tests (e.g.,  Psamminidae ), particularly a dense layer of sediment is found coating specimens, as observed in  Laetmonice stet. CCZ_060 (Fig. 3A). </p>
            <p> Phylum  Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848 </p>
            <p> Subphylum  Crustacea Brünnich , 1772 </p>
            <p> Superclass  Multicrustacea Regier, Shultz, Zwick, Hussey, Ball, Wetzer, Martin &amp; Cunningham, 2010 </p>
            <p> Class  Thecostraca Gruvel, 1905 </p>
            <p> Subclass  Cirripedia Burmeister, 1834 </p>
            <p> Infraclass  Thoracica Darwin, 1854 </p>
            <p> Superorder  Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015 </p>
            <p> Order  Scalpellomorpha Buckeridge &amp; Newman, 2006 </p>
            <p> Family  Scalpellidae Pilsbry, 1907 </p>
            <p> To date, there is a single record at&gt; 3,000 m depth for the order  Scalpellomorpha in the CCZ (OBIS 2022), but no collected material. Three specimens were collected during the DeepCCZ expedition; these belong to three different species from which only one was confidently assigned to a previously described species. Sequences for the COI and 18S genes were generated for the three specimens and included in a phylogenetic tree estimated from 18S and COI sequences (Fig. 4). </p>
            <p> Scalpellomorpha have been commonly found in image-based megafauna surveys across the north Pacific abyss, usually attached to sponge stalks or nodules. However, their classification beyond family level (e.g.,  Scalpellidae ) from seabed imagery is constrained by their generally small size; only large specimens (&gt; 3 cm) which are rarely encountered can sometimes be classified to genus level from in situ images. Consequently, scalpellid specimens usually are collated into a single, generic morphotype (i.e.,  Scalpellidae gen. indet., ART_010) in image-based quantitative analyses. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48F3C09CE0455C589162DB85853E9B6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
860E9C6F966E57FB9B567356DACBB6E9.text	860E9C6F966E57FB9B567356DACBB6E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ _ 102	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ_102</p>
            <p>Fig. 35</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.2701°N, 149.7827°W; 3552 m deep; 03 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400708 (COI); NHMUK 2022.66; Voucher code: CCZ_102 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen, ~ 32 cm long (Fig. 35A). Body subcylindrical when alive, dorso-ventrally flattened in preserved specimen (L = 22 cm, W = 9 cm; Fig. 35E, F), tapering distally; body wall is completely covered in sediment and globigerinas, firm, wrinkly, with transverse folds and ridges giving a partly serrated appearance to the margin; brim present; anus and mouth ventral (Fig. 35D, E). Tube feet only visible on the ventral surface, cylindrical, and orange (Fig. 35C). Dorsal surface is whitish and ventral is yellowish in preserved specimen, but heavily covered by sediment. Ossicles in tentacles; unbranched rods and branched rods, with branches intertwining at the ends creating irregular perforated mesh (Fig. 35B).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> COI sequence forms a clade with other species of  Molpadiodemas including  M. villosus (  Théel , 1886),  M. morbillus O’Loughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2005,  M. crinitus O’Loughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2005 and  M. involutus (Sluiter, 1901). Closest is to  M. morbilus (K2P 3.7-3.9%), and in the phylogenetic tree it is recovered in a well-supported clade with other species within the genus (Fig. 34), but species were not separated within the genus. Three species within the genus  Molpadiodemas have been previously reported in the CCZ:  M. altanticus (R. Perrier, 1898),  M. villosus and  M. helios O’Loughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2005, with the latter species being recently described from the CCZ and so far not reported elsewhere (  O’Loughlin and Ahearn 2005). However, morphological characters of  Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ_102 are not in accordance with the description of any of those three described species. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>This specimen was collected on the sediment seafloor of a seamount in APEI 4 at 3552 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Molpadiodemidae morphotype (i.e.,  Molpadiodemas sp. indet., HOL_103) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ (e.g., Amon et al. 2017b) and in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ, mostly in nodule field areas. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/860E9C6F966E57FB9B567356DACBB6E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
E00FBA210CEF58FEAF039DC6E4BA83C9.text	E00FBA210CEF58FEAF039DC6E4BA83C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ _ 194	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ_194</p>
            <p>Fig. 36</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2517°N, 153.6055°W; 5205 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400725 (COI); NHMUK 2022.71; Voucher code: CCZ_194 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Single specimen (Fig. 36A). Colouration of live specimen is whitish yellow, with skin somewhat translucent (Fig. 36A, E). Body subcylindrical in live specimen, but dorso-ventrally flattened when preserved, tapering anteriorly, ~ 4  × as long as wide (L = 25 cm, W = 8.2 cm); semi-translucent body wall, longitudinal muscles visible through it; colouration of preserved specimen is yellowish (Fig. 36E), darker on the ventral side (Fig. 36F). Ventral surface with small, black, unidentified epibionts embedded in the skin (Fig. 36C, D). Specimen barely covered by sediment. Ossicles in tentacles; unbranched rods with thick central swelling; and branched rods, often with branches intertwining at the ends creating an irregular perforated mesh (Fig. 36B). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The COI sequence of  Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ_194 is similar to sequences of other species of  Molpadiodemas , including  M. villosus ,  M. morbillus ,  M. crinitus ,  M. involutus , and  Molpadiodemas stet. CCZ_102. COI genetic divergence between both specimens collected in the CCZ is 6%, in accordance with values of genetic interspecific divergence for the genus. The specimen is recovered in a well-supported clade along with other members of the genus (Fig. 34), but species are not well delimited. As mentioned above, three species of  Molpadiodemas have been previously reported in the CCZ (  O’Loughlin and Ahearn 2005). The tentacle ossicles from specimen CCZ_194 are very similar to those of  M. helios , but this latter species is distinguished by the prominent tube feet that are barely visible in our specimen. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>This specimen was found on the sedimented seafloor of an abyssal plain on APEI 1 at 5205 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Molpadiodemas sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Molpadiodemas sp. indet., HOL_004) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ (e.g., Amon et al. 2017b), but not in abyssal areas surveyed within the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
            <p> Order  Synallactida Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal &amp; Rouse, 2017 </p>
            <p> Family  Synallactidae Ludwig, 1894 </p>
            <p> Synallactidae stet. CCZ_061 </p>
            <p>Fig. 37</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.8877°N, 141.7569°W; 3132 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400688 (COI), ON406640 (18S); NHMUK 2022.75; Voucher code: CCZ_061.</p>
            <p> Description. Single specimen; description of external morphological features only from in situ image as the specimen was damaged during collection (Fig. 37A). Body semi-circular, with ventral surface flattened, tapering distally; very wide, widest part of body ~ 7 cm; anus posterodorsal; mouth anteroventral. Tegument seems thick. Ossicles present in tentacles, slightly curved rods, &lt;250  μm (Fig. 37B). </p>
            <p> Remarks. There are no close matches to the COI sequence of  Synallactidae stet. CCZ_061 in public databases. The closest match is to  Synallactidae stet. CCZ_066 (14% K2P). Both specimens are recovered in a well-supported clade representing the family  Synallactidae (Fig. 34). They are recovered very close to  Paelopatides Théel , 1886, but COI divergence suggest they belong to different genera. </p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. No similar  Synallactidae morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of  Synallactidae stet. CCZ_061 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Synallactidae gen. indet., HOL_120). </p>
            <p>Ecology. This specimen was collected on the sedimented seafloor of a seamount in APEI 7 at 3132 m depth.</p>
            <p> Synallactidae stet. CCZ_066 </p>
            <p>Fig. 38</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.8896°N, 141.75°W; 3095 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400692 (COI), ON406642 (18S); NHMUK 2022.63; Voucher code: CCZ_066.</p>
            <p> Description. Single specimen, body semi-circular with ventral surface flattened; ~ 3  × longer than wide (L = 21 cm, W = 6 cm; Fig. 38A). Mouth anteroventral, anus posterodorsal. Colouration in live specimen is bright red (Fig. 38D, E). Specimen severely damaged during collection, guts separated from skin. Tegument is thick and leathery, with wart-like protrusions on the dorsal surface, more evident on live specimen (Fig. 38A), and with a small, very short, triangular dorsal appendage. Brim evident on ventral surface. Small tube feet arranged in two irregular rows, one on each side of ventrum, running longitudinally. Tentacles 18. Ossicles present in dorsal skin (Fig. 38B) and tentacles (Fig. 38C). </p>
            <p> Remarks. There are no close matches to the COI sequence of  Synallactidae stet. CCZ_066 in public databases. The closest match is to specimen  Synallactidae stet. CCZ_061 (14% K2P). Both specimens are recovered in a well-supported clade representing the family  Synallactidae (Fig. 34). They are recovered very close to  Paelopatides Théel , 1886, but COI divergence suggest they belong to different genera. </p>
            <p>Ecology. This specimen was collected on the sedimented seafloor of a seamount on APEI 7 at 3095 m depth.</p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. No similar  Synallactidae morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ nor in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of CCZ_066 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Synallactidae gen. indet., HOL_121). The dorsal protrusions that differentiate HOL_121 from HOL_120 may not be clearly visible in vertically-facing seabed imagery, and hence these two taxa might only be classifiable into a single, generic morphotype (i.e., HOL_120) in quantitative analyses. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E00FBA210CEF58FEAF039DC6E4BA83C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
DA9FD0E4A8B053EE922C254918C4D596.text	DA9FD0E4A8B053EE922C254918C4D596.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oneirophanta mutabilis Theel 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Oneirophanta cf. mutabilis 
Theel
, 1879
</p>
            <p>Fig. 41</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.252°N, 153.5847°W; 5203 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400724 (COI), ON406629 (18S), ON406619 (16S); NHMUK 2021.20; Voucher code: CCZ_193 . </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>  Indian Ocean • 3 specimens, syntypes of  Oneirophanta mutabilis Théel , 1879; Eastern Indian, Antarctic Basin; 53.9167° S, 108.5833° E; 3566 m deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 157; NHMUK 1883.6.18.33  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Single specimen, body uniformly white (Fig. 41A). Body almost cylindrical,&gt; 2  × as long as wide (L = 16 cm; W = 6.9 cm), being of almost equal breadth throughout the whole length and tapering posteriorly; mouth anteroventral and anus posteroventral. Tentacles 20, small, with a lightly brown tip, each with a terminal part with 6-8 unbranched processes. Long, pointed processes, or different lengths, arranged in four distinct rows, two rows running along the dorsal ambulacra with eight processes on each row, and the longest being approx. half of the body length (Fig. 41C); the other two rows placed on the sides of the body, slightly above the ventral lateral ambulacra. Ventral ambulacra with 11 and 13 tube feet, arranged in two irregular rows; odd ambulacrum naked, except for two tube feet arranged in the posterior half of the body, and ten surrounding the anus; processes crowded anteriorly (Fig. 41D). Thin skin, translucent, but hard and brittle, with numerous small and large perforated plates, with the small ones bearing two or three spines near the centre, and the large ones ~ 30 spines; ossicles imbricated, almost forming a skeleton (Fig. 41B). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Sequences for the 18S, 16S, and COI genes were most similar to sequences from  Oneirophanta setigera (99.07%, 95.6%, 88.51% similarity, respectively), followed by other species within the family  Deimatidae (i.e.,  Orphnurgus glaber Walsh, 1891 and  Deima validum Théel , 1879). The specimen was recovered in a well-supported clade including all members of  Deimatidae (Fig. 34), closest to  Oneirophanta sp. CCZ_100 (K2P distance: 11%). Calcareous ossicles are concordant with those in  Oneirophanta mutabilis . This species was originally described west of the Crozet Islands (H.M.S. Challenger station 146: 46.7667°S, 45.5167°E) at 2514 m depth (  Théel 1879) but has been further divided in two sub-species,  O. mutabilis mutabilis and  O. mutabilis affinis . The former has been reported to be cosmopolitan, while the later has been recorded from the tropical eastern Pacific. Further analyses will be required to determine the validity of the subspecies and if the CCZ specimen belongs to any of those. It differs from the original description of  O. mutabilis (  Théel , 1879) in having an irregular number of pedicels around the ventral surface, the pedicels around the anus arranged triangularly instead of a transversal row, as well as the arrangement of the processes on bivium and trivium. However,  Théel (1879) mentioned that several of the specimens examined differed from the specimen described in the number of pedicels and the arrangement of processes, and further studies should clarify if these are indeed subspecies. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found on the sediment surface of an abyssal plain on APEI 1 at 5203 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Oneirophanta sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Oneirophanta sp. indet., HOL_058) has been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ (e.g., Amon et al. 2017b), but not in the abyssal areas surveyed at the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
            <p> Order  Elasipodida Théel , 1882 </p>
            <p> Family  Psychropotidae Théel , 1882 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA9FD0E4A8B053EE922C254918C4D596	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
9A805BDC1CEE58CC806A67B4AA80B026.text	9A805BDC1CEE58CC806A67B4AA80B026.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oneirophanta stet. CCZ _ 100	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Oneirophanta stet. CCZ_100</p>
            <p>Fig. 40</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.2647°N, 149.774°W; 3550 m deep; 03 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400706 (COI), ON406643 (18S), ON406620 (16S); NHMUK 2022.84; Voucher code: CCZ_100 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen; colouration of live specimen is beige, spotted with light brown and yellow on dorsal surface (Fig. 40A, C, D), and lighter on ventral surface, with suckers on tube feet and tentacles being dark brown (Fig. 40D). Body cylindrical, ~ 33 cm long and 8.8 cm wide; mouth anteroventral, anus posteroventral. Tentacles partly retracted. Papillae arranged in one or two rows along the dorsal radii, and in a single row along the ventrolateral radii above the tube feet. Tube feet ~ 50 pairs, arranged in two or three rows on each ventrolateral ambulacrum; few tube feet located along mid-ventral ambulacrum, among them two tube feet, one placed approx. half the body length and the other approx. three quarter of the body length; and few smaller feet close to anus. Dorsal ossicles spatulated crosses, crosses with open ramifications, and small irregular perforated plates; ventral ossicles crosses with open ramifications of different stage of development.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Closest match for COI and 16S sequences is to  Oneirophanta setigera (Ludwig, 1893) (86.7% and 96.3%, respectively). In the phylogenetic tree, it is recovered in a well-supported clade representing the family  Deimatidae , including  Oneirophanta (Fig. 34). According to the external morphology  Oneirophanta sp. CCZ_100 differs from  Oneirophanta mutabilis mutabilis Théel , 1879,  O. mutabilis affinis Ludwig, 1893 and  O. conservata Koehler &amp; Vaney, 1905 in high number of tube feet arranged in two or three rows and by absence of large, perforated plates on dorsum. It differs from  O. setigera in high number of tube feet arranged in two or three rows and by presence of small, perforated plates and bigger perforations on spatulated crosses. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found on the sediment seafloor of a seamount on APEI 4 at 3550 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No exactly similar  Deimatidae morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ nor in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of CCZ_100 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Oneirophanta sp. indet., HOL_063). However, HOL_063 could be potentially confused with a similar shaped  Deimatidae morphotype (e.g.,  Deimatidae gen. indet., HOL_062; also beige, cylindrical, with conspicuous projections on the dorsal surface arranged in four rows) found in the eastern CCZ (e.g., Amon et al. 2017b), with more abundant -though slightly thinner- projections, that may be difficult to distinguish in vertically facing images. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A805BDC1CEE58CC806A67B4AA80B026	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
90646AB61F165E90A4DCB58E0252598A.text	90646AB61F165E90A4DCB58E0252598A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiocymbium rarispinum Martynov 2010	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ophiocymbium cf. rarispinum Martynov, 2010</p>
            <p>Fig. 52</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2518°N, 153.6059°W; 5206 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400727 (COI); NHMUK 2022.73; Voucher code: CCZ_197 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Single specimen, with white arms and greyish blue disc in situ (Fig. 52A). Disc is flattened and somewhat pentagonal; brownish when alive and white after preservation (Fig. 52B, D). Dorsal disc surface is covered by minute, thin, imbricated scales covered by a thin skin, not obscuring the scale margins; few granuliform spinelets scattered on the dorsal surface (Fig. 52B). Small, oval, radial shields, approx. as long as wide, arranged diagonally and touching proximally; distal margin extends beyond the disc margin (Fig. 52D). Ventral surface of the disc covered by scales similar to the ones on the dorsal surface, but lacking spinelets; gonads are visible through the thin scales (Fig. 52C). Each jaw bears two or three apical papillae, and three oral papillae on each side; two distalmost are block-shaped while the third distalmost is spiniform. Oral shield is triangular, longer than wide, rounded proximally; separated from the first lateral arm plate by the wing-shaped adoral shield. Supplementary oral shield, wider than long, located on the distal margin of the oral shield. Two adoral shield papillae, with one placed in the middle of each shield, resembling arm spines in shape and size. Arms are slender, ≥ 3  × as long as the disc diameter. Dorsal arm plates triangular, with rounded distal margin and slightly convex distal edge, separated from preceding plates by lateral arm plates; first two dorsal arm plates absent but arm segments covered by thick skin with smaller plates embedded (Fig. 52D). Adjacent lateral arm plates are slightly separated by soft tissue; each lateral arm plate bears four long arm spines, similar in size; only two arm spines present in the first three arm segments and three on subsequent two arm segments. First ventral arm plate is small, broad and triangular, with the rest being pole-axe shaped and separated from the preceding plate except for the first two segments. Tentacle pores are large throughout the entire length of the arm, with no tentacle scales except for the first arm segment, where there is one attached to the lateral arm plate and resembles a small arm spine. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In the phylogenetic tree, the specimen from the western CCZ is recovered as closely related to  Ophiocymbium tanyae (Fig. 50).  Ophiocymbium rarispinum was described from the Izu-Bonin Trench, between 6740 and 6850 m depth (ZMMU D-798), and no genetic sequences have been published. Morphological characters are concordant with the description of  O. rarispinum , but differs in the length of the arms, the number of oral papillae and the number of arm spines. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found crawling on the abyssal sediments of APEI 1 at 5206 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A similar  Ophiuroidea morphotype (i.e.,  Ophiocymbium sp. indet., OPH_013) has been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ, but not in the abyssal areas surveyed within the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
            <p> Superorder  Euryophiurida O’Hara , Hugall, Thuy,  Stöhr &amp; Martynov, 2017 </p>
            <p> Order  Ophiurida Müller &amp; Troschel, 1840 sensu  O’Hara et al. 2017 </p>
            <p> Suborder  Ophiurina Müller &amp; Troschel, 1840 sensu  O’Hara et al. 2017 </p>
            <p> Family  Ophiopyrgidae Perrier, 1893 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/90646AB61F165E90A4DCB58E0252598A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
362E33D763085457B57D3BE76EAFB1AB.text	362E33D763085457B57D3BE76EAFB1AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiocymbium tanyae Martynov 2010	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ophiocymbium tanyae Martynov, 2010</p>
            <p>Fig. 51</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2523°N, 153.5848°W; 5204 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON406633 (18S), ON406596 (28S); NHMUK 2022.74; Voucher code: CCZ_206 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen (disc diameter = 9 mm, maximum arm length = 25 mm). Disc subpentagonal, flattened (Fig. 51A, B). Dorsal disc surface covered with numerous, imbricated, delicate disc scales, which are irregular in shape, decrease in size distally and extend dorsally onto the first arm segments (Fig. 51C). Radial shields and genital plates apparently absent. Disc covered by thin skin, not obscuring the scales. Ventral surface of the disc covered by scales similar to the dorsal disc scales (Fig. 51D). Oral shield somewhat triangular, approx. as long as wide, with convex distal edge; separated from first lateral arm plate by the adoral shields. Adoral shields are wing-shaped, narrowing proximally. Each jaw bears a large, spiniform, apical papillae and a smaller adjacent one on each side; additionally, there are two to three modified papillae placed distally on each side of the jaws, block-shaped, the distalmost being wing-shaped. Genital slit is not conspicuous. Arms are thin, longer than twice the disc diameter (Fig. 51A, B). Dorsal arm plates are triangular, wider than long, with pointed proximal and straight distal edges; separated by lateral arm plates and therefore not overlapping with preceding dorsal arm plate (Fig. 51C). Arm spines are conical, tapering distally but with rounded tips; two arm spines on first three arm segments, three arm spines on next three segments and four on the rest; middle arm spine is the longest, but all are approx. the same length, approx. half the length of one arm segment. First ventral arm plate is triangular, while the rest are pole-axe shaped, approx. as long as wide, separated from the preceding plate by the lateral arm plates except for the first two ventral arm plates (Fig. 51D). Tentacle pores are large and evident throughout the entire length of the arm. Three flattened, rounded, large adoral shield papillae. First four arms segments with two large papilliform tentacle scales attached to the lateral arm plate; subsequent arm segment with a single tentacle scale; tentacle scales absent on the remaining arm segments.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Morphological characters of the specimen are in accordance with the description of  O. tanyae , which was collected in the Izu-Bonin Trench at 6740-6850 m depth. It differs from the original description in having arms ≥ 2  × as long as the disc diameter (dd), instead of being approx. the same. It also differs on the tentacle scales, which extend to the fifth segment, instead of just the third, having two tentacle scales in the first four segments instead of just one, and in the number of arm spines of the first arm segments. The number of arm spines is discussed to vary amongst the paratypes (Martynov 2010), and it is very likely that tentacle scales are easily lost and therefore the number could differ between specimens. Only 18S and 28S were amplified for this specimen. The 28S sequence of the CCZ specimen is identical (K2P = 0%) to the sequence of the species  Ophioscolecidae sp. 20 recently reported for the CCZ (Christodoulou et al. 2020). Both specimens are recovered within the same clade, that includes other species of the order Ophioscolescida (Fig. 50). Ophioscolescida sp. 20,  Ophiocymbium tanyae , and  O. rarispinum Martynov, 2010 are recovered as a clade possibly representing the genus  Ophiocymbium . The species from Christodoulou et al. (2020) was identified from DNA sequences only, as the four specimens collected (eastern IFREMER and APEI 3) are tiny juveniles with no distinctive morphological characters. The species is therefore distributed in the Izu-Bonin Trench and the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found on the sedimented seafloor of an abyssal plain on APEI 1 at 5204 m depth.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/362E33D763085457B57D3BE76EAFB1AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
07FCEAB9BF5D596C98138C6015EEB01E.text	07FCEAB9BF5D596C98138C6015EEB01E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiuroglypha irrorata (Lyman 1878)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ophiuroglypha cf. irrorata (Lyman, 1878)</p>
            <p>Fig. 53</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.9081°N, 141.6813°W; 3239 m deep; 26 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400685 (COI); NHMUK 2021.21; Voucher code CCZ_058. • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.8897°N, 141.75°W; 3096 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400686 (COI); NHMUK 2022.72; Voucher code: CCZ_059 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Two specimens, with greyish disc and pale arms in situ (Fig. 53A, B). Disc rounded to pentagonal, flattened, with slender, long arms, at least disc diameter (disc diameter = 2.6 cm, arm length = 13.1 cm; Fig. 53C, D). Dorsal disc surface covered by irregular, larger disc scales surrounded by small, imbricated disc scales that also vary in size and shape. Radial shields are small, subtriangular, almost as wide as long. Arm combs visible under the radial shields; with five short block-like arm-comb spinelets, not continuous on dorsal midline. Ventral surface of the disc is covered by large, imbricated scales, increasing in size towards the margin of the disc (Fig. 53F). Oral plates with 6-8 oral papillae, proximalmost are pointed, becoming block-like towards the distal side of the oral plate. Oral shield approx. as long as wide, subpentagonal, with somewhat concave proximal margins, a convex distal margin, and with lateral margins slightly constricted in the middle, where the genital slit begins. Adoral shields touching proximally, with a similar width all along, and separating the oral shield from the first lateral arm plates. Genital slits run from the middle of the oral shield to the disc margin, bordered by a continuous row of block-like genital papillae that continues dorsally as an arm-comb.</p>
            <p>Dorsal arm plates fan-shaped, contiguous. Lateral arm plates bear three short (less than a third of the length of the arm segment) arm spines from the third arm segment; two are located ventrally, very close together, and one located dorsally, approx. halfway through the lateral arm plate; first arm segment bears two arm spines, the second two or three spines. Ventral arm plate trapezoidal, wider than long, only touching the preceding plate only on first three arm segments, after which they are separated by the lateral arm plates and become fan-shaped to rhomboidal, more than twice as wide as long, with pointed proximal edge and rounded distal margin. Towards the distal end of the arms, the second lowest spine is modified into a hyaline hooklet (Fig. 53E). Tentacle pores only on most proximal segments (8-11), with six ventral and six lateral tentacle scales on first arm segment and decreasing in number until there is a single, very small, spiniform, tentacle scale remaining for most of the arm length.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Both specimens collected are only 0.4% divergent (K2P distance) in COI sequences between them. Closest genetic match is  Ophiuroglypha sp. (8% K2P distance) collected in the CCZ (Christodoulou et al. 2020), and in the phylogenetic tree they were recovered in a well-supported clade along with other species of  Ophiuroglypha (Fig. 50). Both specimens have an upturned hook in the second lowest arm spine, which is characteristic of species of the genus  Ophiuroglypha (previously a subgenus but raised to genus by  O’Hara et al. (2018)). Morphologically, the species resembles to  Ophiuroglypha irrorata concreta (Koehler, 1901) based on the arm spine arrangement, dorsalmost spine separated from the two ventral spines. However, the DeepCCZ specimens are listed as  O. cf. irrorata , as a recent study suggested that the arm spine arrangement might not be species specific, hence questioning the validity of  O. irrorata irrorata (Lyman, 1878) and  O. irrorata concreta (  Stöhr and  O’Hara 2021). Additionally, molecular data has suggested that  O. irrorata represents an unresolved complex of species (Christodoulou et al. 2019). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>Both specimens were found on the sedimented seafloor of a seamount in APEI 7, at 3096 (specimen CCZ_059) and 3239 m (specimen CCZ_058) depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No similar  Ophiuroidea morphotypes have been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted in the eastern CCZ nor in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ images of CCZ_058 and CCZ_059 were catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Ophiuroglypha sp. indet., OPH_012). </p>
            <p> Phylum  Porifera Grant, 1836 </p>
            <p> A total of eight sponges was collected in the western CCZ. All these belong to the class  Hexactinellida and represent seven different species, but none was confidently assigned to any known species. To date, there are 255 records of hexactinellid sponges occurring at&gt; 3000 m depth in the CCZ, with only eight representing preserved specimens (OBIS 2022). Several genes were targeted for amplification, but only 16S was successfully amplified for all of them. Other genes amplified were COI (7 specimens), 18S (5), 28S (5), and ALG11 (3). Sequences of these genes were combined with the concatenated alignment from Dohrmann (2018), and the phylogenetic tree was estimated using the same parameters (Fig. 54). </p>
            <p> Class  Hexactinellidae Schmidt, 1870 </p>
            <p> Subclass  Amphidiscophora Schulze, 1886 </p>
            <p> Order  Amphidiscosida Schrammen, 1924 </p>
            <p> Family  Hyalonematidae Gray, 1857 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/07FCEAB9BF5D596C98138C6015EEB01E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
DFCD19FD1EBA5FD98FAFBD1DE8BC0981.text	DFCD19FD1EBA5FD98FAFBD1DE8BC0981.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peniagone leander Pawson & Foell 1986	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Peniagone leander Pawson &amp; Foell, 1986</p>
            <p>Fig. 46</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 5.1042°N, 141.8861°W; 4860 m deep; 25 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400681 (COI), ON406621 (16S); NHMUK 2022.61; Voucher code: CCZ_018 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Single specimen observed swimming (Fig. 46A). Specimen was severely damaged during collection, with only a few tentacles recovered, and hence description of morphological characters is based on in situ images. Body ovoid, slightly&gt; 2  × as long as it is wide. Velum composed of two pairs of fully fused papillae. Tube feet four pairs; three posteriormost pairs fused together forming a posterior swimming lobe; tube feet from the anteriormost pair very short. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The specimen collected during the DeepCCZ expedition was recovered in bits, so no morphological features can be distinguished. Only four reddish orange tentacles were recovered, which are embedded in a transparent skin where ossicles are evident. However,  P. leander is one of the few species that can be identified from images. The external morphological characters evident in in situ images from the CCZ specimen are in accordance with the species description. The species was originally described from in situ images and video footage collected across the eastern CCZ (Pawson and Foell 1986) and subsequently observed in the area (e.g., Amon et al. 2017b). </p>
            <p> In the phylogenetic tree, the CCZ specimen was recovered in a well-supported clade with other species of  Peniagone (Fig. 34). It was recovered together with a sequence of  P. leander , which was recently rediscovered and collected for the first time in the Mariana Trench (Gong et al. 2020), both close to  P. diaphana as reported by Gong et al. (2020). The 16S sequence of the CCZ specimen is similar (K2P distance = 2%) to the only available sequence from  P. leander , but no COI sequence was made available. Our COI sequence is&gt; 12% divergent (K2P distance) from other species within the genus. The COI gene seems to be highly divergent between species in this genus. Using the data provided in Kremenetskaia et al. (2021) and including the CCZ sequence of  P. leander , COI mean interspecific divergence in the genus is 15.9% (min = 2.5% and max = 22.7%), with our sequence of  P. leander being 14.5%-21.2% divergent from other species within the genus. Intraspecific divergence for species in the genus was estimated between 0.9%-3.0%. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found swimming near the sediment surface on an abyssal plain in APEI 7 at 4860 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> Peniagone leander (HOL_028) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ (e.g., Amon et al. 2017b) and in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ, usually swimming above the seabed but sometimes creeping on it. Body colour appears to be variable; bright red, semi-transparent, purplish, and whitish HOL_028 specimens have been encountered in seabed image surveys across the CCZ. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DFCD19FD1EBA5FD98FAFBD1DE8BC0981	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
ACBB0DC0866858E194B03D06DBF0B370.text	ACBB0DC0866858E194B03D06DBF0B370.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peniagone vitrea Theel 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Peniagone vitrea 
Theel
, 1882
</p>
            <p>Fig. 47</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 5.0442°N, 141.8164°W; 4875 m deep; 28 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400699 (COI), ON406622 (16S); NHMUK 2022.64; Voucher code: CCZ_077 . </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>
                  Pacific Ocean • 1 specimen, syntype of  Peniagone vitrea var. setosa 
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1833/lat -42.7167)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.7167">Ludwig</a>
                 ;  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.1833/lat -42.7167)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.1833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.7167">South Pacific</a>
                 ; 0.6°S, 86.7667°W; 2418 m deep; Albatross Expedition; NHMUK 1895.11.12.7. • 3 specimens, syntypes of  Peniagone vitrea Théel , 1882; East of St. Paul, Indian-Antarctic Ridge; 42.7167°S, 82.1833°W; 2652 m deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 302; NHMUK 1883.6.18.82  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Single specimen. Body long, ~ 3  × as long as wide (Fig. 47C, D). Mouth anterior, downwards; foremost neck-like part bent forwards in acute angle with ventral surface (Fig. 47C); with ten tentacles of similar sizes; anus terminal. Velum consists of two pairs processes, fully fused by a membrane forming a lobe, with only the tips free; the two middle processes are much larger (Fig. 47A, B, D). Eight pairs of tube feet surrounding the posterior third of ventral surface, decreasing in size distally. Skin translucent in live specimen (Fig. 47A, B), but white, hard, and brittle after preservation, with numerous calcareous deposits (Fig. 47C, D). Dorsal ossicles with four spinose arms, slightly arched, with mostly two long spinose processes (Fig. 47E). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Morphological external characters and ossicle morphology are in accordance with the original description of  Peniagone vitrea . Unfortunately, no genetic sequences of  P. vitrea are available in public databases. This species was described from off Patagonia at 2652 m depth. Using data from Kremenetskaia et al. (2021), the COI sequence of  P. vitrea is 16.5%-18.8% divergent (K2P) from other species of  Peniagone , and 17.9% divergent from the COI sequence of  P. leander generated in this study. In the phylogenetic tree, it is recovered in a well-supported clade with other species of  Peniagone (Fig. 34). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found feeding on the sedimented seafloor of an abyssal plain in APEI 7 at 4874 m.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Peniagone sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Peniagone vitrea sp. inc., HOL_059) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ (e.g., Amon et al. 2017b), but not in the abyssal areas surveyed within the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
            <p> Family  Laetmogonidae Ekman, 1926 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ACBB0DC0866858E194B03D06DBF0B370	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
1691E48409DF56EBB3F6C9BE8857DFB0.text	1691E48409DF56EBB3F6C9BE8857DFB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiodiadema globulosum (A. Agassiz 1898)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Plesiodiadema cf. globulosum (A. Agassiz, 1898)</p>
            <p>Fig. 32</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1; 11.2527°N, 153.5848°W; 5204 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400726 (COI), ON406628 (18S); CASIZ 229305; Voucher code: CCZ_196 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen, with a somewhat spherical, slightly flattened test (d = 2 cm, H = 1.5 cm). In situ colouration is purple, but the inflated anal cone is greyish blue (Fig. 32A). Primary spines are also purple, very long (up to 17 cm), thin, flexible, and strongly verticillate (Fig. 32B, C). Pedicellariae are tridentate (Fig. 32C).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In 1980, the RV Governor Ray collected several  Aspidodiadematidae specimens in the CCZ at ~ 4,800 m, and were assigned to the species  P. globulosum . The type localities of  P. globulosum are the north of Malpelo Island, and from off Galera Point, Ecuador in the Pacific Ocean, from 2877 to 3241 m depth (Agassiz 1898). There are no genetic sequences available on public databases for the genus, but both COI and 18S closest matches are to species of the genus  Aspidodiadema A. Agassiz, 1879, within the same family (18S: 99.4% similar to  A. jacobyi A. Agassiz, 1880). The COI-only tree recovered a monophyletic clade including three specimens of  A. tonsum (Fig. 31), but the genetic divergence is within interspecific values for COI (6.5-11.7%). Despite morphological characters being in accordance with the diagnostic characters for  P. globulosum , the specimen is listed as cf. as the collection site is much deeper than the type locality. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was collected on the sedimented abyssal plain of APEI 1, at 5203 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Plesiodiadema sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Plesiodiadema globulosum sp. inc., URC_003) has been commonly found in image-based megafauna assessments conducted in the eastern CCZ (e.g., Amon et al. 2017b) and other areas of the eastern Pacific abyss (e.g., Yuzhmorgeologiya exploration area; Kamenskaya et al. 2013; Peru Basin;  Simon-Lledó et al. 2019a), both in nodule fields and in seamount areas. URC_003 is usually the most abundant echinoid encountered in image-based megafauna surveys conducted at the eastern CCZ. In contrast, URC_003 was not encountered in surveys conducted in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ, where kamptosomatids (e.g., see below) appeared to dominate the echinoid community (  Simon-Lledó et al. 2019d). </p>
            <p> Order  Echinothurioida Claus, 1880 </p>
            <p> Family  Kamptosomatidae Mortensen, 1934 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1691E48409DF56EBB3F6C9BE8857DFB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
0B801D6B36735E0B8261B07B0B18B015.text	0B801D6B36735E0B8261B07B0B18B015.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porphyrocrinus sp. CCZ _ 165	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> cf.  Porphyrocrinus sp. CCZ_165</p>
            <p>Fig. 29</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 6.9879°N, 149.9327°W; 5002 m deep; 06 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400718 (COI), ON406616 (16S); NHMUK 2022.76; Voucher code: CCZ_165 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen, attached to a nodule by a xenomorphic stalk (Fig. 29A). Crown (Fig. 29C) detached from stalk (Fig, 29B); L = 32 mm, composed of a crown and short proximal part of stalk. Proximal stalk composed of 5 very thin discoidal columnals up to 0.54 mm in diameter. Basal circlet truncated conical with distal diameter 0.54 mm and adoral diameter 0.78 mm; basals five, pentagonal in shape, with sunken lateral edges. Marked angle (~ 120°) between basals and radials. Radials five, pentagonal in shape; distal diameter 1.48 mm. Crown has five undivided arms. IBr1 are in close apposition with thin lateral flanges. Brachial formula 1+2 3+4 5+6 7+8 8+9 etc. First pinnule at IBr6; following pinnules every second ossicle; P1 has eight segments 4.04 mm in length; P2 is similar with eight pinnulars and 4.9 mm in length; P1 and P2 display lateral discoidal plates along ambulacral groove.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Morphological characters are concordant with those of the family  Phrynocrinidae and the genus  Porphyrocrinus as understood by Messing (2016). This is the first record of the genus in the Eastern Pacific. Only two specimens have been previously recorded from similar depths but collected from the Eastern Atlantic and attributed to  Porphyrocrinus cf. incrassatus (  Eléaume et al. 2012). In the phylogenetic tree the specimen is recovered in a monophyletic clade with other sequences from members of the family (Fig. 28) and represents a new species. Based on genetic divergence of the COI gene (0.5% K2P), the specimen found in the eastern CCZ (  Crinoidea sp. NHM_055; Glover et al. 2016b) belongs to the same species. However, the specimen in Glover et al. (2016b) was not identified to family level or lower taxonomic level due to its early developmental stage, lacking key diagnostic morphological features. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found attached to a nodule in the abyssal sediments of APEI 4 at 5001 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No similar  Comatulida morphotypes have been catalogued so far from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of CCZ_065 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Porphyrocrinus sp. indet., CRI_008). Note however, that the in situ image of CCZ_065 was collected from an oblique angle and zoomed-in camera, generating a detailed view of a specimen that, owing to its small size, would be otherwise difficult to identify in quantitative assessments, e.g., where images are usually collected vertically-facing, fully zoomed out, and at a higher altitude above the seabed. </p>
            <p> Superfamily  Antedonoidea Norman, 1865 </p>
            <p> Family  Antedonidae Norman, 1865 </p>
            <p> Subfamily  Bathymetrinae AH Clark, 1909 </p>
            <p> Bathymetrinae inc. CCZ_176 </p>
            <p>Fig. 30</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 adult specimen; APEI 4; 6.9879°N, 149.9326°W; 5009 m deep; 06 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400719 (COI), ON406617 (16S); NHMUK 2022.77; Voucher code: CCZ_176. • 1 specimen pentacrinoid stage; APEI 1; 11.2751°N, 153.7444°W; 5241 m deep; 09 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400723 (COI), ON406618 (16S); NHMUK 2022.60; Voucher code: CCZ_186.</p>
            <p> Description. Two specimens, one adult (CCZ_176; Fig. 30A, B) and one pentacrinoid stage (CCZ_186; Fig. 30C, D), both whitish when alive and attached to a glass sponge stalk. Adult with 10 arms; centrodorsal low conical. Cirri ~ 17, length 7.5 mm; c1 W&gt; L; c2 W = L; c3 longest L = 0.95 mm, W at centre of ossicle = 0,25, W distal = 0,45; following cirrals decreasing in length to c8 or c9; c3 to c17 with everted distal edge; c8 to c14 with a spine on distal edge; c17 slightly longer than wide; claw same length as c17; opposing spine small. No basal visible. Radial 5, visible, extending beyond the rim of centrodorsal. First brachitaxis of two ossicles well separated laterally. Ibr1 rectangular slightly incised by Ibr2; Ibr2 axillery, losangic. Subsequent brachials very long; syzygies at 3+4, 9+10. First pinnule P1 on br2, 14 segments very thin and slender, composed of very long segments starting at p3 with L &lt;6  × W. In pentacrinoid stage, five arms are visible, with orals, and stalk. </p>
            <p> Remarks. Morphological characters are concordant with those of the subfamily  Bathymetrinae in the family  Antedonidae . The closest match (2.7% K2P) to the COI sequences is a sequence of  Psathyrometra fragilis (AH Clark, 1907) from Rodriguez Seamount (1887 m; SIO-BIC E4433), within the family  Zenometridae . However, in the phylogenetic analysis the specimens were recovered in a different clade from  Psathyrometra spp. (Fig. 28), but in a well-supported clade with two species (  Crinoidea sp. NHM_056,  Crinoidea sp. NHM_300) from the eastern CCZ (Glover et al. 2016b). The two species previously recorded in the eastern CCZ were delimited only from genetic sequences, as they seem to be early pentacrinoid stages and thus lack morphological characters for identification. However, based on the genetic divergence values with the species  Bathymetrinae inc. CCZ_176 (~ 10% K2P), the two eastern CCZ species are most likely members of the subfamily  Bathymetrinae . </p>
            <p> Ecology. The adult specimen was found attached to a glass sponge stalk (Fig. 11A), along with an anemone, in abyssal sediments of APEI 4 at 5001 m depth. After careful examination of the material in the laboratory, a pentacrinoid stage was found attached to a sponge stalk (Figs 6A, 30B), along with the cirriped  Catherinum cf. novaezelandiae (specimen CCZ_185) and the anemone  Metridioidea stet. CCZ_164, in abyssal sediments of APEI 1 at 5241 m depth. </p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. A very similar  Comatulida morphotype (i.e.,  Bathymetrinae gen. indet., CRI_001) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ, both in nodule fields and in seamount areas (Amon et al. 2017b). In contrast, CRI_001 was not encountered in image surveys conducted within abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ, where the presence of Crinoids was substantially lower than at the eastern CCZ (e.g., only nine specimens representing three morphotypes encountered in ~ 15,000 m2 of seabed surveyed;  Simon-Lledó et al. 2019d). </p>
            <p> Class  Echinoidea</p>
            <p>To date, there are 1455 records of echinoids occurring deeper than 3000 m in the CCZ, 11 of these representing preserved specimens (OBIS 2022). Two specimens belonging to different species were collected. Sequences for the barcoding gene COI were successfully amplified for both specimens and included in a COI-only phylogenetic tree.</p>
            <p> Subclass  Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860 </p>
            <p> Infraclass  Audolonta Jackson, 1912 </p>
            <p> Superoder  Echinothuriacea Jensen, 1982 </p>
            <p> Order  Aspidodiadematoida Kroh &amp; Smith, 2010 </p>
            <p> Family  Aspidodiadematidae Duncan, 1889 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B801D6B36735E0B8261B07B0B18B015	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
615CA6809C265169BA0C5CD7E7BE977E.text	615CA6809C265169BA0C5CD7E7BE977E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protoptilum stet. CCZ _ 068	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Protoptilum stet. CCZ_068</p>
            <p>Fig. 19</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.8897°N, 141.75°W; 3096 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400694 (COI), ON406605 (16S); NHMUK 2021.24; Voucher: CCZ_068</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen, ~ 12 cm tall, narrow sea pen; in situ colouration orange with whitish polyps (Fig. 19A). Two rows, opposite to each other, of elongated polyp calyces along the rachis (Fig. 19B, C).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The COI sequence forms a clade with sequences from  Protoptilum (&lt;1% genetic divergence), a genus within the family  Protoptilidae , while the 16S sequence is very similar to sequences of  Protoptilum and  Distichoptilum , both genera within the same family. In the phylogenetic tree, the family  Protoptilidae was not recovered as monophyletic, but the CCZ specimen was recovered (with 1.00 posterior probability) as sister to  Protoptilum carpenterii Kölliker , 1872. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found anchored to soft sediment on a seamount of APEI 7, at 3096 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No similar  Pennatulacea morphotypes have been catalogued so far from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of  Protoptilum stet. CCZ_068 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Protoptilum sp. indet., PEN_024). In seabed images, PEN_024 can resemble other single-branched sea pens or even soft corals. </p>
            <p> Subclass  Ceriantharia Perrier, 1893 </p>
            <p> Order  Spirularia den Hartog, 1977 </p>
            <p> To date, there are no records from a minimum of 3000 m depth in the CCZ for the order  Spirularia (OBIS 2022). We recovered a single specimen, for which the COI and 16S genes were successfully amplified and included in a concatenated matrix (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, and COI) to estimate a phylogenetic tree of the  Ceriantharia (Fig. 20). </p>
            <p> Spirularia stet. CCZ_067 </p>
            <p>Fig. 21</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.8875°N, 141.7572°W; 3132 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400693 (COI), ON406606 (16S); NHMUK 2021.23; Voucher: CCZ_067.</p>
            <p>Description. Single specimen, unattached, tube-dweller with tentacles extended above the sediment in situ (Fig. 21A). Very long, conical, tapering, reddish brown tentacles; capitulum whitish when alive (Fig. 21A). Column is 12 mm in height and 5 mm in width excluding tentacles (Fig. 21B). Tube consisting of soft sediment.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The closest matches to the COI and 16S sequences were sequences from other members of the family  Cerianthidae :  Pachycenrianthus ,  Cerianthus ,  Ceriantheromorphe . However, in the concatenated phylogeny, it forms a clade with  Boctrunidifer sp. 1 and  Ceriantheopsis americanus , belonging to the families  Botrucnidiferidae and  Cerianthidae , respectively (Fig. 20). As Forero-Mejia et al. (2019) recovered both families as non-monophyletic and a revision of these is suggested, we were unable to assign it to a family. </p>
            <p>Ecology. The specimen was found buried in the sediment on a seamount in APEI 7, at 3132 m depth.</p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. A very similar  Ceriantharia morphotype (i.e.,  Spirularia sp. indet., CER_001) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ, always found semi-buried with the tentacles extending above the sediment surface. </p>
            <p> Class  Scyphozoa Goette, 1887 </p>
            <p> For the class  Scyphozoa , there are currently 128 records from&gt; 3000 m depth in the CCZ, but none represent preserved specimens (OBIS 2022). We collected a single specimen, for which the sequence for the COI gene was successfully amplified and included in a multi-gene phylogeny (16S, 18S, 28S, and COI) of the  Scyphozoa (Fig. 22). </p>
            <p> Subclass  Discomedusae Haeckel, 1880 </p>
            <p> Order  Somaeostomeae Agassiz, 1862 </p>
            <p> Family  Ulmaridae Haeckel, 1880 </p>
            <p> Ulmaridae stet. CCZ_069 </p>
            <p>Fig. 23</p>
            <p>Material. Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.8876°N, 141.7572°W; 3133 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400695 (COI); NHMUK 2021.25; Voucher: CCZ_069.</p>
            <p>Description. Single specimen, ~ 4.5 cm in diameter; with transparent bell and light brown tentacles in situ (Fig. 23A). Rhopalia are evident around the bell (Fig. 23B, C).</p>
            <p> Remarks. Only the sequence for the COI gene was successfully amplified, but none of the matches on public databases were informative. In the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 22), the CCZ specimen was recovered in a clade with other members of the class  Discomedusae . As both the  Rhizostomeae and  Semaeostomeae were not well supported, the specimen was not confidently assigned to any of both orders based on COI only. However, the specimen morphologically resembles an undescribed ulmariid scyphozoan (  Somaeostomeae ) that was observed in the New Britain Trench (Gallo et al. 2015). </p>
            <p>Ecology. The specimen was found on the sediment of a seamount in APEI 7 at 3095-3132 m depth. A similar species of ulmariid from the New Britain Trench was found to skim the seafloor to feed on particulates on the sediment (Gallo et al. 2015).</p>
            <p> Comparison with image-based catalogue. No similar  Ulmaridae morphotypes have been catalogued so far from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of  Ulmaridae stet. CCZ_069 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Ulmaridae gen. indet., SCY_010). A similarly shaped  Ulmaridae morphotype (e.g.,  Ulmaridae gen. indet., SCY_009; opaque reddish bell, dark brown tentacles encircled with a white ring, and dark rhopalia around the bell), also eventually found crawling on the seabed surface, was previously catalogued from seabed imagery in nodule field areas of the eastern CCZ. When photographed lying on the seabed (as opposed to swimming in the water column), SCY_019 and SCY_010 may resemble an anemone, particularly in images collected at high altitude above the seabed (e.g.,&gt; 5 m). </p>
            <p> Phylum  Echinodermata</p>
            <p> Class  Asteroidea de Blainville, 1830 </p>
            <p>There are currently 245 records of sea stars occurring at a minimum of 3000 m depth in the CCZ, with only five of those representing preserved specimens (OBIS 2022). Four specimens were collected on the western CCZ, and sequences of the barcoding gene COI were generated for all of them, and 16S for a single specimen. These were included in a concatenated alignment of 12S, 16S, 18S, COI, and H3 used to estimate a phylogenetic tree (Fig. 24).</p>
            <p> Superorder  Forcipulatacea Blake, 1987 </p>
            <p> Order  Brisingida Fisher, 1928 </p>
            <p> Family  Freyellidae Downey, 1986 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/615CA6809C265169BA0C5CD7E7BE977E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
2DF2853B29E75CB4BDC27EBB65A1289B.text	2DF2853B29E75CB4BDC27EBB65A1289B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psychronaetes sp. CCZ _ 101	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Psychronaetes sp. CCZ_101</p>
            <p>Fig. 48</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.8877°N, 141.757°W; 3132 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400690 (COI), ON406630 (18S); NHMUK 2022.62; Voucher code: CCZ_063. • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.2647°N, 149.7741°W; 3562 m deep; 03 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400707 (COI), ON406631 (18S); NHMUK 2022.65; Voucher code: CCZ_101. • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.2647°N, 149.7741°W; 3562 m deep; 03 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400709 (COI), ON406639 (18S); NHMUK 2022.67; Voucher code: CCZ_103. • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.2647°N, 149.7741°W; 3562 m deep; 03 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400710 (COI), ON406632 (18S); NHMUK 2022.68; Voucher code: CCZ_104 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Four specimens (Fig. 48A-D). Body dorso-ventrally flattened (L = 15.9 cm, W = 3.4 cm), tapering at both ends; pronounced  “neck” anteriorly; mouth anteroventral, anus posterodorsal. Tentacles 18, with long stems and large elongate oval discs (Fig. 48G). Body wall firm and leathery, dark violet in preserved specimen, with evident, numerous calcareous wheel-like ossicles that make the skin sparkle under light. Mid-ventral ambulacrum is naked; one irregular row of ≥ 40 tube feet running along each ventrolateral ambulacra (Fig. 48G), very conspicuous on live specimens (Fig. 48A-D), but fully retracted on preserved specimens. Paired dorsal ambulacra with ~ 20 papillae each; ~ 7 long thick papillae distributed along each ambulacrum, interspersed with smaller ones (Fig. 48A-E). There are ~ 18 large conical papillae surrounding the anterior margin dorsally, fully fused forming a fringe (Fig. 48B, D). Dorsal ossicles numerous, wheel-like, of different sizes (ranging from 77-340  μm in diameter) but mostly large; strongly concave; central primary cross with 4-6 struts, mostly four; smooth rim; with 10-16, mostly 12, short spokes (Fig. 48F, H). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Based on ossicle morphology, the four specimens were considered to belong to the same species. Sequence of the 18S were found to be identical between specimens CCZ_063, CCZ_101, and CCZ_104 (0.0% K2P distance) but 1.3% divergent from CCZ_103. The COI gene was amplified for the four specimens and genetic divergence ranges between 0.8% to 7.4%. The two specimens collected in APEI 4 are less genetically divergent (CCZ_101-CCZ_104 = 0.8% K2P). The specimen collected in APEI 7 (CCZ_063) is 2.3-2.9% divergent from the other three. The specimen CCZ_103 is 7.4% divergent to CCZ_101 and CCZ_104, but only 2.9% divergent from CCZ_063. While the former values are within the range of interspecific genetic divergence, we considered the specimen to belong to the same species as both the ossicle and external morphological characters are similar to the other three specimens. In addition, the trace files for both 18S and COI for this specimen are messy and the high genetic divergence could be an artifact of miss-called nucleotides. Unfortunately, there are no sequences available for  Psychronaetes , but we included sequences of other genera within the family (  Pannychia ,  Laetmogone , and  Benthogone ) for which COI genetic divergence ranged from 23-31%. In the phylogenetic tree, the four specimens were recovered in a well-supported clade (Fig. 34), close to other  Laetmogonidae (poorly supported). This species has an anterior brim, which is characteristic of the monotypic genus  Psychronaetes .  Psychronaetes hanseni Pawson, 1983 differs from the four specimens in having smaller dorsal wheel ossicles (d = 50-80  µm ) with 9-12 spokes, only 15 tube feet on each of paired ventral ambulacrum, 15 mouth tentacles instead of 18, and in the number of papillae on the dorsal paired ambulacra. The species and genus were described from two specimens collected in the CCZ (Pawson 1983). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The four specimens were found on the sedimented seafloor of seamounts in APEIs 4 and 7 between 3132-3562 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No exactly similar  Psychronaetes sp. morphotypes have been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ images of these specimens were catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Psychronaetes sp. indet., HOL_110). However, HOL_110 can resemble at least two other  Laetmogonidae morphotypes catalogued from seabed imagery;  Laetmogonidae gen. indet., HOL_030 (e.g., dark violet, but with 8+ long papillae) which is commonly found in the eastern CCZ (but not in the Kiribati EEZ); and  Psychronaetes sp. indet., HOL_122 (e.g., violet, but only with six or seven long papillae and with fewer (&lt;20) and larger, thick tube feet) which was also only found in the western CCZ. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2DF2853B29E75CB4BDC27EBB65A1289B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
2C1F52924D5557008AC8D59FB002D0D0.text	2C1F52924D5557008AC8D59FB002D0D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psychropotes dyscrita (Clark 1920)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Psychropotes dyscrita (Clark, 1920)</p>
            <p>Fig. 43</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 7.0212°N, 149.9355°W; 5040 m deep; 02 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400702 (COI); NHMUK 2022.83; Voucher code: CCZ_083 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen, ~ 30 cm long (Fig. 43A). Colouration of live specimen is yellow (Fig. 43A, B), with reddish-light purple on ventral surface (Fig. 43C). Tentacles 18, also reddish-light purple. Long, dorsal appendage with round end, slightly longer than the total body length, and developed very close to the posterior end of the body.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Gebruk et al. (2020) morphologically examined the specimen collected during the DeepCCZ and re-established the species  Psychropotes dyscrita based on this specimen. The holotype was collected in Peru, at 5206 m depth, and the species is known from the Central Pacific Ocean at depths of 5040-5206 m (Gebruk et al. 2020).  Psychropotes dyscrita and  P. moskalevi Gebruk &amp; Kremenetskaia, 2020 are the two only known yellow species for this genus and were recovered as sister species (Fig. 34). The COI sequence for the DeepCCZ specimen is 1.1  ± 0.4% divergent (K2P distance) from specimens of  P. moskalevi . Although this value seems low, the COI gene seems to be more conserved in the genus  Psychropotes (1.1-13.4%, mean = 6.5%), with &lt;2% interspecific divergence between some species pairs (  P. dyscrita -  P. moskalevi ,  P. moskalevi -  P. raripes Ludwig, 1893). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found on the sediment seafloor of an abyssal plain in APEI 4 at 5040 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Psychropotes sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Psychropotes sp. indet., HOL_047) has been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ (e.g., Tilot 2006), and in the Kiribati EEZ, where this taxon was the most abundant holothurian encountered (  Simon-Lledó et al. 2019d). In pioneer seabed image surveys conducted at the CCZ, prior to the re-establishment of the species (Gebruk et al. 2020), this morphotype was typically classified as  P. longicauda .Based on seabed imagery (e.g., without analysis of ossicles), it is not possible to determine whether HOL_047 specimens are  P. dyscrita or  P. moskalevi . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C1F52924D5557008AC8D59FB002D0D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
DE7D0BECD4C35592965DE11F0D130D35.text	DE7D0BECD4C35592965DE11F0D130D35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li, 2019</p>
            <p>Fig. 42</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 6.9878°N, 149.9119°W; 4999 m deep; 02 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400703 (COI); NHMUK 2021.19; Voucher code: CCZ_086 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen, colouration in situ is violet (Fig. 42A, B). Body elongated and anteriorly depressed (L = 34.7 cm, W = 10.2 mm); with a broad brim. Short (approx. one twelfth of body length), conical, single-pointed, dorsal unpaired appendage, placed 2/5 of the body length from the posterior end (Fig. 42A-C). Dorsal skin, including the dorsal appendage, covered in warts (Fig. 42C, F). Each wart has an ossicle in the centre, a giant cross with a central apophysis and strongly curved arms, all visible through the skin (Fig. 42E, F). Dorsal skin also contains smaller crosses with spiny arms (Fig. 42E, F). Approximately 30 pairs of mid-ventral tube feet arranged in two rows along the mid-ventral ambulacrum, arranged very close together on the anterior two thirds of the body, and scattered after posteriorly, with the last pairs being very close together again. Colouration of preserved specimen is also purple, with slightly lighter ventrum.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> COI sequence is very similar (K2P distance = 0.77%) to the holotype of  P. verrucicaudatus , and they were recovered together in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 34). This species was described from the Jiaolong seamount, in the South China Sea, western Pacific Ocean at 3615 m deep (Xiao et al. 2019). External morphological characters are in accordance with the original description. </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found on the sedimented abyssal plain in APEI 4 at 4999 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Psychropotes sp. morphotype (i.e.,  Psychropotes verrucicaudatus sp. inc., HOL_045) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ (e.g., Amon et al. 2017b), but not in the abyssal areas surveyed within the Kiribati EEZ. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE7D0BECD4C35592965DE11F0D130D35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
8DE6E9D21DE4525E85712A9207A4C66C.text	8DE6E9D21DE4525E85712A9207A4C66C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synallactes stet. CCZ _ 153	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Synallactes stet. CCZ_153</p>
            <p>Fig. 39</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 4; 6.9704°N, 149.9426°W; 5009 m deep; 06 Jun. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400714 (COI); NHMUK 2022.69; Voucher code: CCZ_153 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Single specimen (Fig. 39A). Body cylindrical, white, ~ 4  × as long as wide (L = 10 cm, W = 2.7 cm), flattened proximally and rounded distally; flattened ventral surface. Two rows, upper and lower, of lateral, small, conical, thin processes, similar to those around the proximal edge (Fig. 39D). There is a row of yellowish, very small, tube feet in the mid-ventral surface, along the odd ambulacrum (Fig. 39E). Skin firm but translucent. Colour on live and preserved specimen is white. Ossicles abundant on dorsal body wall, spatulated crosses only with a long spinous apophysis, end of arms spatulated with holes (Fig. 39B). Ventral ossicles also spatulated crosses with a long spinous apophysis, smaller, sometimes with more than four arms, also spatulated ends of arms with holes (Fig. 39C). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The closest matches for the barcoding gene COI sequence are published sequences from the genus  Bathyplotes (89.9% similarity), also within the family  Synallactidae . The sequence is distinct from the only sequence of  Synallactes sp. (GenBank accession number: KX874365.1) included in the phylogeny (Fig. 34), and they were not recovered as a monophyletic group. The DeepCCZ specimen was recovered sister to species of  Bathyplotes , with  Synallactes sp. recovered separately from the other genera in the family  Synallactidae , concordant with previous results (Miller et al. 2017). Despite this, the specimen was assigned to the genus  Synallactes based on external morphological characters that are concordant with those described from the genus. Species of  Synallactes have previously been reported in the CCZ:  Synallactes profundus (Koehler &amp; Vaney, 1905) and  Synallactes aenigma Ludwig, 1894; the latter being associated with manganese substrates. External morphology does not resemble to  S. profundus . </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>This specimen was found on the sedimented seafloor of an abyssal plain on APEI 4 at 5008 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> A very similar  Synallactidae morphotype (i.e.,  Synallactes sp. indet., HOL_007) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule field areas of the eastern CCZ (e.g., Amon et al. 2017b), but not in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ, where synallactid specimens were very rarely encountered. </p>
            <p> Family  Deimatidae Théel , 1882 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DE6E9D21DE4525E85712A9207A4C66C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
EC49AB62FBC35310AECBBD700C2ADBE1.text	EC49AB62FBC35310AECBBD700C2ADBE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trianguloscalpellum gigas (Hoek 1883)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trianguloscalpellum gigas (Hoek, 1883)</p>
            <p>Fig. 5</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 5.0442°N, 141.8165°W; 4874 m deep; 28 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400698 (COI), ON406624 (18S); WAM C74110; Voucher code: CCZ_074 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Single specimen, found attached to a glass sponge stalk (Fig. 5A). Capitulum elongated, longer than wide (L = 8 mm, W = 5 mm), white, with short peduncle (2 mm) covered by large scales (Fig. 5B, C). Capitulum is formed by 14 capitular plates, and growth lines are not visible. Carina is simply bowed, narrowing distally but being approx. the same breath proximally. The tergum is somewhat oval-shaped, long, ~ 2  × as long as wide, with pointed basal angle, carinal margin arched, and occludent margin straight. Scutum is somewhat quadrangular, broad, 1.5  × as long as wide, with occludent margin much longer than the lateral margin. Inframedian latus is triangular, reaching upper latus. Carinolatus triangular, umbo apical, higher than rostrolatus. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The specimen appears to be a juvenile of the species  T. gigas based on the plate arrangement, although diagnostic characters are not fully developed. There are no sequences available on public databases for  T. gigas , but the 18S gene sequence is very similar (&gt; 99%) to other species within the family  Scalpellidae , mostly within the subfamily  Arcoscalpellinae . However, the COI sequence is highly divergent (&gt; 15% nucleotide divergence and&gt; 3% amino-acid divergence) from published sequences of other species within the subfamily. The phylogenetic tree from concatenated data for COI and 18S recovered a well-supported clade of species of  Anguloscalpellum and  Trianguloscalpellum , but did not recover the genera as monophyletic. The type material for  T. gigas was collected during the H.M.S. Challenger expedition in the middle of the North Pacific (Station 246: 36.1667°N, 178.0°E) at 3749 m depth (Hoek 1883). The species has been recorded from the Northwest and Southwest Pacific, and the Indian Ocean, from 3310 to 4820 m depth (Shalaeva and Boxshall 2014). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p> The specimen was collected in the sedimented abyssal plain of APEI 7, at 4874 m depth. It was attached to a glass sponge stalk, along with another barnacle (  Catherinum cf. albatrossianum ; specimen CCZ_073), and an anemone (  Metridioidea stet. CCZ_072; specimen CCZ_072). </p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No exactly similar  Scalpellidae morphotypes have been so far catalogued from seabed imagery collected in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of  Trianguloscalpellum gigas was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Trianguloscalpellum gigas sp. inc., ART_033). However, given the small size of specimen CCZ_074, this morphotype could have easily been i.e., undetected in seabed image surveys conducted in other areas of the CCZ. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC49AB62FBC35310AECBBD700C2ADBE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
B306AD78526D5D6F912E2D5CAD3DDF6A.text	B306AD78526D5D6F912E2D5CAD3DDF6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zoroaster stet. CCZ _ 065	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Zoroaster stet. CCZ_065</p>
            <p>Fig. 27</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p> Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7; 4.8877°N, 141.7569°W; 3132 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith &amp; Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400691 (COI), ON406607 (16S); NHMUK 2022.78; Voucher code: CCZ_065 . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Single specimen (R = 16.6 cm, r = 1.3 cm). Actinal and abactinal surfaces are bright orange when alive, with ambulacrum slightly darker orange (Fig. 27A-D). Small disc; with five long, slender arms, gradually tapering distally (Fig. 27B). Carinal plates bear conical primary spines, forming a single longitudinal row that runs along the arm (Fig. 27A, C).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Morphological characters are concordant with the description of the genus  Zoroaster . The phylogenetic analyses also recovered the specimen in a well-supported clade with other species of the genus (Fig. 24). However, COI divergence between species in the genus is very low (K2P distance ≈ 1-2%) and species-level clades were not recovered in the phylogeny, preventing us from assigning it to any species based on COI sequences. The closest match to the COI sequence of the CCZ specimen is a sequence from the long-armed morphotype (K2P distance 0.6%, GenBank accession number AY225785.1) identified for  Z. fulgens Wyville Thomson, 1873 in the Porcupine Seabight, Atlantic Ocean (50.1987°N, 14.6593°W; 4001 m depth; Howell et al. 2004). Although this value is concordant with intraspecific divergence in the genus, the 16S sequences divergence between the CCZ specimen and the long-armed morphotype (K2P 1.1%) is larger than between the long-armed morphotype and  Z. spinulosus Fisher, 1906 (K2P 0.0%) and between  Z. spinulosus and  Z. ophiactis Fisher, 1916 (K2P 0.3%). </p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p>The specimen was found partially buried in the sediment on the seamount on APEI 7 at 3133 m depth.</p>
            <p>Comparison with image-based catalogue.</p>
            <p> No similar  Zoroasteridae morphotypes have been catalogued so far from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ nor in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of  Zoroaster stet. CCZ_065 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,  Zoroaster sp. indet., AST_025). </p>
            <p> Class  Crinoidea</p>
            <p>To date, there are 66 records of crinoids occurring deeper than 3000 m in the CCZ, with only seven of these representing preserved specimens (OBIS 2022). Three specimens, belonging to two species, were collected in the western CCZ. The barcoding gene COI was amplified for all specimens, and sequences were included in a concatenated alignment (16S, 18S, 28S, COI, and CytB) used to estimate a phylogenetic tree for the class (Fig. 28).</p>
            <p> Subclass  Articulata Zittel, 1879 </p>
            <p> Order  Comatulida</p>
            <p> Suborder  Bourgueticrinina Sieverts-Doreck, 1953 </p>
            <p> Family  Phrynocrinidae AH Clark, 1907 </p>
            <p> Subfamily  Porphyrocrininae AM Clark, 1973 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B306AD78526D5D6F912E2D5CAD3DDF6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe;Dahlgren, Thomas G.;Amon, Diva J.;Cairns, Stephen;Drennan, Regan;Durden, Jennifer M.;Eleaume, Marc P.;Hosie, Andrew M.;Kremenetskaia, Antonina;McQuaid, Kirsty;O'Hara, Timothy D.;Rabone, Muriel;Simon-Lledo, Erik;Smith, Craig R.;Watling, Les;Wiklund, Helena;Glover, Adrian G.	Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena, Glover, Adrian G. (2022): Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1113: 1-110, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
