identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
281FA718B3365F10BF93125E93FBD223.text	281FA718B3365F10BF93125E93FBD223.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Emeia Fu, Ballantyne & Lambkin 2012	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Emeia Fu, Ballantyne &amp; Lambkin, 2012</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Emeia pseudosauteri Geisthardt, 2004 (designated by Fu, Ballantyne and Lambkin 2012). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> (based on adult male).  Emeia belongs to a group of  Luciolinae in which the males have aedeagal parameres widely visible beside the phallus (Ballantyne et al. 2013).  Emeia differs from  Aquatica wuhana Fu &amp; Ballantyne, 2010 and  A. lateralis Motschulsky, 1860, which have black marks on the pronotum (Fu et al. 2010).  Emeia is distinguished from  Curtos Motschulsky, 1845, as the species in  Curtos have a distinctive longitudinal elytral humeral carina and parameres unequal in length (Fu et al. 2012).  Emeia is closely related to  Pygoluciola based on our cox1 phylogeny (Fig. 2), but the two genera can be distinguished by the shape of the pronotum, with median anterior margin gently rounded or slightly medianly emarginate in  Pygoluciola (Ballantyne and Lambkin 2006) versus lateral margins of pronotum almost parallel in  Emeia . </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p> (based on adult male). Body length 6.5-10.5 mm. Body width 2.7-4.0 mm. Integument black or dark brown, with a narrow (e.g., in  E. pulchra , see Fig. 3A) or thick (e.g., in  E. pseudosauteri , see Fig. 8A) black stripe on pronotum. </p>
            <p>Head. Hypognathous; head depressed between eyes, eyes exposed in front of pronotum; antennae filiform, with 11 antennomeres (Figs 3B, 8B).</p>
            <p>Thorax. Pronotum in dorsal view appearing pink-red or orange-red, with a black median stripe, lateral margins almost parallel (Figs 3A, 8A); surface of elytra smooth, longitudinal carina absent (Figs 3A, 8A); legs long and straight, no femora or tibiae swollen or curved (Figs 3B, 8B).</p>
            <p>Abdomen. V2-V5 dark brown or black. Light organs present in V6 and V7, entirely occupying V6; V7 semitransparent (Figs 3B, 8B).</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Trilobate, parameres extending ~0.14 mm (n = 3) beyond phallus; both parameres equal in length (Figs 6A, 12A).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281FA718B3365F10BF93125E93FBD223	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhu, Cheng-Qi;Xu, Xiao-Dong;Zhen, Ying	Zhu, Cheng-Qi, Xu, Xiao-Dong, Zhen, Ying (2022): Systematic review of the firefly genus Emeia Fu, Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2012 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from China. ZooKeys 1113: 153-166, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.79721, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.79721
9DA45D79547B5ADB92225C5E87FBF0C3.text	9DA45D79547B5ADB92225C5E87FBF0C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Emeia pseudosauteri (Geisthardt 2004)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Emeia pseudosauteri (Geisthardt 2004)</p>
            <p>Figs 8-11, 12</p>
            <p> Emeia pseudosauteri (Geisthardt 2004). Zootaxa (3403), 1-53. TL: 'Mt. Tian Tai, Sichuan Province,  China’ . </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  China: 6♂♂, 1♀, Sichuan, Mt. Tian Tai, 3.IV. 2021, Chengquan Cao leg. We herein examined specimens of  E. pseudosauteri from  Mt. Tian Tai (the type locality), and their identity was further verified using cox1 barcode sequences (Fig. 2) and morphological examination (Figs 8 - 12)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9DA45D79547B5ADB92225C5E87FBF0C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhu, Cheng-Qi;Xu, Xiao-Dong;Zhen, Ying	Zhu, Cheng-Qi, Xu, Xiao-Dong, Zhen, Ying (2022): Systematic review of the firefly genus Emeia Fu, Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2012 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from China. ZooKeys 1113: 153-166, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.79721, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.79721
48F99E78A1CE5C9E8F7EC5FEE96CB314.text	48F99E78A1CE5C9E8F7EC5FEE96CB314.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Emeia pulchra Zhu & Zhen 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Emeia pulchra Zhu &amp; Zhen sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 3-4, 5, 6</p>
            <p>Diagnosis</p>
            <p> (based on adult male). The new species can be differentiated from  E. pseudosauteri Fu, Ballantyne &amp; Lambkinby the elytron, hindwing venation and aedeagus. In fresh specimens, the elytral apices are black in  E. pulchra (Fig. 3), but with a narrow orange stripe in  E. pseudosauteri (Fig. 8). In the male hindwing, the upper vein of the MP3+4 venation in  E. pulchra reaches the margin of the hind wings without forks (n=2) (Fig. 4). In  E. pseudosauteri , the upper vein of MP3+4 forks and reaches the margin of the hind wings (n=2) (Fig. 10). The aedeagus in  E. pulchra is approx. 3 times as long as wide (length 1.77 mm: width 0.58 mm) (Fig. 6A), versus approx. 2 times as long as wide (length 1.66 mm: width 0.84 mm) in  E. pseudosauteri (Fig. 12A). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male: BL 10.0-10.4 mm; BW 3.5-3.7 mm (three individuals).</p>
            <p>Head. Antennae filiform, black, almost 2/3 as long as body length; antennomere 1 cone-shaped; 2 short and cylindrical; 3 to 10 compressed, not bifurcate; 11th antennomere almost 1.5 times longer than 10th, slightly dilated from base to apex. Concave between eyes dorsally in cross section, both eyes occupying about 2/3 width of whole head in ventral view. Eyes spherical, so that head cannot fully contract into pronotum. Mouthparts fully developed, clypeolabral suture flexible, outer edges of labrum reaching inner edges of closed mandibles.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Scutellum black and slightly emarginate distally. Elytra elongated, dark brown to black, apices not deflexed in dorsal view, sides slightly convex. Hind wing well developed, r3 half the length of r4 (Fig. 4). Legs long and straight, without swelling on any part, dark brown to black, with dense white hairs.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Dark brown, ventrites gradually diminishing in length posterad. Light organs yellow-white, occupying almost all of V6 and half of V7, not reaching to posterior edges of V7. V6 and V7 rounded laterally (Fig. 5), posterior half of V7 not arched in dorsal view, abruptly narrowed to truncate posterior apex, apex emarginate (Fig. 5C). T7 rounded, without anterolateral corners (Fig. 5A); T8 symmetrical with concealed anterolateral arms, widest across middle with lateral margins subparallel-sided in anterior half, tapering evenly in posterior half to a rounded and partly truncate posterior margin (Fig. 5B). Abdominal spiracles on lateral edges of each abdominal segments. EL/EW = 4.7-4.8; EL/PL= 4.7-5.0 (n=3).</p>
            <p>Male genitalia (Fig. 6): Aedeagal sheath (T9, T10, S9) (Fig. 6D, E) 3.15 mm long; anterior half of sternite broad, apically rounded; tergite without protrusion along posterior margin of T9. Aedeagus (Fig. 6A-C) 1.61 mm long. Phallus short (~1.2 mm) and thick, broadest at midlength, becoming thinner at apex and base, parameres (lateral lobes) extending about 0.14 mm beyond phallus. Parameres robust, subparallel-sided, symmetrical, with blunt preapical lateral expansion.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name  Emeia pulchra refers to the bright pronotum coloration. </p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p> China • 1♂; Zhejiang, Lishui; 28°37.56'N, 119°49.7'E; H: 60 m, 2. IV. 2020; Chengqi Zhu leg.; 'HOLOTYPE (red), ♂,  Emeia pulchra sp. nov., det. Zhu, Zhen, 2021' (Westlake University). </p>
            <p>Paratype.</p>
            <p> China • 1♂; Zhejiang, Lishui; 28°37.56'N, 119°49.7'E; H: 60 m, 2. IV. 2020; Chengqi Zhu leg.; 'PARATYPE (yellow), ♂,  Emeia pulchra sp. nov., det. Zhu, Zhen, 2021' (Westlake University). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Zhejiang Province.</p>
            <p>Habitat and occurrence.</p>
            <p> The males were found in an open forest of mainly Chinese wingnut, of the family  Juglandaceae [  Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC.] (Fig. 7). The floor of the  Emeia pulchra habitat was covered with a lush herbaceous layer 20-30 cm high. </p>
            <p> There are many terrestrial snails and slugs in this habitat, which may be potential food for  Emeia pulchra larvae. Combining descriptions from local people and our field observations, adult fireflies are usually observed mid-March. The protection of fireflies has been supported by the Lishui government and Jiulong National Wetland Park management departments, and this area has been protected as Jiulong National Wetland Park (Fig. 7). Fan (2019) reported that the population size of  E. pulchra has increased from 2014 to 2019 with the protection efforts. </p>
            <p>Behavioral remarks.</p>
            <p>There are two obvious luminous bands at the terminal end of the adult male abdomen. The two bands both emit intermittent bright light during courtship. The male courtship behavior usually starts at 19:00 (approximately 1h after sunset), and peaks at about 20:30. Adult males rest on higher herbs and emit yellow and green flashing light. Males are reluctant flyers; the distance of each flight ranges from 0.5 to 5 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48F99E78A1CE5C9E8F7EC5FEE96CB314	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhu, Cheng-Qi;Xu, Xiao-Dong;Zhen, Ying	Zhu, Cheng-Qi, Xu, Xiao-Dong, Zhen, Ying (2022): Systematic review of the firefly genus Emeia Fu, Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2012 (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from China. ZooKeys 1113: 153-166, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.79721, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.79721
