identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
29A351C2681050E492EF8DF9713A0A1A.text	29A351C2681050E492EF8DF9713A0A1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Araripus Carmo and Sampronha 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Araripus Carmo and Sampronha gen. nov.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Araripus crassitibialis sp.nov. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Large insects (length = 23.5 mm); head narrower than thorax; fore tibia swelled; frons slightly divergent at vertex and apparently not very broad; basal callus absent, but callosity visible at the dorsal half of frons; R4 strongly sinuous at apex, parallel to R2+3 extremity; angle between R4 and R5 less than 90°; vein r-m inclined anteriorly; abdomen very long, nearly twice the thorax length.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> From  “Araripe” , the name of the sedimentary basin to which the Crato Formation belongs. </p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> The new genus differs from other Cretaceous  Tabanidae by the swelled tibia, the R4 strongly curved to the wing base, and the unusually long abdomen. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/29A351C2681050E492EF8DF9713A0A1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas;Sampronha, Stephanie;Santos, Charles Morphy D.;Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha	do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas, Sampronha, Stephanie, Santos, Charles Morphy D., Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha (2022): Cretaceous Horse flies and their phylogenetic significance (Diptera: Tabanidae). Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 80: 295-307, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673
37D581EB0EE3559B9676EA7E8EECBF24.text	37D581EB0EE3559B9676EA7E8EECBF24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Araripus crassitibialis sp. nov. Carmo and Sampronha	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Araripus crassitibialis sp. nov. Carmo and Sampronha</p>
            <p>Figs 5, 6</p>
            <p>Examined material.</p>
            <p>  Holotype female: GP1e/8751 NE Brazil,  Crato Formation , Aptian, Lower Cretaceous. </p>
            <p>Preservation.</p>
            <p>Preserved in dorsal view. Frons and occiput visible. Scutellum, notopleuron, one halter, foreleg preserved. Wings partially preserved. Tergites I-VII, tergite X and cercus visible.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>The same as the genus.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Holotype female. Length 23.5 mm, wing 15.5 mm. - Head: hemispherical, narrower than thorax; scape oval, nearly as wide as long; frons appears divergent above; frontal callus absent; apparent callosity visible near the vertex; subcallus not inflated or pronounced; notopleuron robust and well developed. - Thorax: scutum and scutellum visible, the former much longer than wide. - Legs: fore tibia inflated. - Wings: vein Sc very long, inserting in C very close to R1, with few visible setae; pterostigma small, barely visible; R2+3 very sinuous, inserting in C parallel to R4 and forming a 90° angle; vein R4 strongly angled and without an appendix; cell r5 open; vein M1 sub-parallel to M2; M3 diverging from M2; vein r-m inclined towards wing base; m-cu inserted very close to the origin of R4; wing ca. 3 times longer than wide. - Abdomen: nearly twice the length of the thorax. - Terminalia: Tergite X appears to be undivided; cercus two-segmented.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>From latin, crassus (tick) + tibia (leg), in reference to the enlarged tibia.</p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> The inflated tibia is present in several species from different tabanid genera, especially in the  Chrysopsinae and  Tabaninae subfamilies (  Coscarón and Papavero 2009a), but had not been previously recorded for Cretaceous species. As in  Cratotabanus , the female terminalia in  Araripus gen. nov. has a two-segmented cercus. This is absent from every extant horse flies; in fact, the presence of a one-segmented cercus is synapomorphy of a clade formed by  Athericidae +  Tabanidae (Yeates 2002). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/37D581EB0EE3559B9676EA7E8EECBF24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas;Sampronha, Stephanie;Santos, Charles Morphy D.;Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha	do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas, Sampronha, Stephanie, Santos, Charles Morphy D., Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha (2022): Cretaceous Horse flies and their phylogenetic significance (Diptera: Tabanidae). Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 80: 295-307, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673
A63FA21440B55B3FB420B5BCC3BAFD5E.text	A63FA21440B55B3FB420B5BCC3BAFD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cratotabanus cearensis Carmo and Sampronha 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Cratotabanus cearensis Carmo and Sampronha sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 3, 4</p>
            <p>Examined material.</p>
            <p>  Holotype female: CCNH 567, NE Brazil,  Crato Formation , Aptian, Lower Cretaceous. </p>
            <p>Preservation.</p>
            <p>Preserved in lateral view. Frons and occiput visible. Notopleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum and scutellum preserved. Fore, mid and hind leg preserved. Wings partially preserved. Tergites of abdomen and female cercus preserved.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Frons apparently convergent; apex of R1 near to the same level of end of cell d; R4 strongly curved at posterior half; vein m-cu two times longer than the origin of M4 to the m-cu insertion; M2 and M3 sub-parallel; suture at sternite I+II strongly marked.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Holotype female. Measurements: Moderate size, body 9.6 mm, wing 6.9 mm. - Head: Frons apparently convergent bellow; ocellar triangle developed with ocelli; basal callus absent. - Legs: hind leg with two tibial spurs; - Wings: Apex of R1 near to the same level of cell d apex; R2+3 straight (insertion in C not visible); vein R4 strongly curved at posterior half; no appendix at R4; cell r5 open; M1 curved, parallel to M2; M3 sub-parallel to M2; cell m3 open; m-m three times longer than fork of M1 and M2 to the m-m insertion; m-cu two times longer than origin of M4 to the m-cu insertion; wing ca. 3 times longer than wide. - Abdomen: tergite X undivided; - Terminalia: Cercus two-segmented, anterior segment an inverted triangle, posterior segment ovoid.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The name of the species refers to the state of  Ceará (NE Brazil) where the Araripe Basin is located. </p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> Cratotabanus cearensis sp. nov. has a two--segmented cercus, a character also visible in  C. asiaticus Grimaldi (Grimaldi 2016) and  Araripus crassitibialis gen. nov. et sp.nov., which follows the  ‘bauplan’ of  Tabanomorpha . Tergite X is visible in lateral view, apparently undivided as in  C. asiaticus .  Cratotabanus cearensis sp. nov. differs from  C. stonemyomorphus by the vein m-cu two times longer than the joint between the discal cell and the base of M4 (against three times in  C. stonemyomorphus ), and vein R4 strongly curved at posterior half. From  C. newjerseyensis Grimaldi,  C. cearensis sp. nov. differs by the veins M2 and M3 almost parallels and m-m three times longer than the distance between the bases of M1 and M2 - in  C. newjerseyenis they are nearly the same size (Grimaldi 2016).  C. cearensis sp. nov. differs from  C. asiaticus by having the apex of R1 inserting in C near to the same level of cell d apex. The specimen here described is preserved in lateral view, with seven visible abdominal sternites. In all known extant and fossil  Tabanidae , the sternites I and II are fused. In most species, however, a remnant suture of variable prominence in the resultant fused segment is apparent. In  C. cearensis sp. nov. a clear division between segments I and II is present. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A63FA21440B55B3FB420B5BCC3BAFD5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas;Sampronha, Stephanie;Santos, Charles Morphy D.;Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha	do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas, Sampronha, Stephanie, Santos, Charles Morphy D., Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha (2022): Cretaceous Horse flies and their phylogenetic significance (Diptera: Tabanidae). Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 80: 295-307, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673
A10855EFF4EB51078D808F7ED837361A.text	A10855EFF4EB51078D808F7ED837361A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cratotabanus Martins-Neto and Santos	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Cratotabanus Martins-Neto and Santos</p>
            <p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4</p>
            <p> Cratotabanus Martins-Neto and Santos 1994: 291, fig. 1, pl. 1; Grimaldi et al. 2011: 303 (revised diagnosis); Grimaldi 2016: 45, fig. 16A (emended diagnosis). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Ocellar triangle developed with visible ocelli; basal callus absent; postspiracular scale absent; R5 slightly curved; hind tibia with 2 spurs; tergite X undivided; cercus two-segmented.</p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> The genus  Cratotabanus differs from extant horse flies by the presence of two-segmented cercus and by the absence of the postspiracular scale, a one-segmented cercus and a postspiracular scale is shared by all extant  Tabanidae (Mackerras 1954). Grimaldi (2016) also pointed out that the length of the discal cell in  Cratotabanus is nearly the same as the length of the vein M1. However, this character is variable in the extant species. The genus can be attributed to  Tabanidae by the general disposition of the wing veins, the general shape of the body, the clypeus format and the presence of an enlarged calypter (Grimaldi 2016, and our Figs 1, 2). </p>
            <p> Cratotabanus differs from  Laiyangitabanus Zhang and  Eotabanoid Mostovski et al. by the presence of vein R2+3 curved only at the apex. From  Laiyangitabanus ,  Cratotabanus further differs by the presence of a well-developed ocellar triangle, and r-m closer to the base of the discal cell (Grimaldi 2016).  Cratotabanus differs from  Eopangonius Ren by the absence of basal callus and a not projected clypeus. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A10855EFF4EB51078D808F7ED837361A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas;Sampronha, Stephanie;Santos, Charles Morphy D.;Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha	do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas, Sampronha, Stephanie, Santos, Charles Morphy D., Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha (2022): Cretaceous Horse flies and their phylogenetic significance (Diptera: Tabanidae). Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 80: 295-307, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673
5627FD5D8F2F505E91741E6D67CD3564.text	5627FD5D8F2F505E91741E6D67CD3564.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cratotabanus stonemyomorphus Martins-Neto and Santos	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Cratotabanus stonemyomorphus Martins-Neto and Santos</p>
            <p>Figs 1, 2</p>
            <p> Cratotabanus stonemyomorphus Martins-Neto and Santos, 1994: 291, fig. 1, pl. 1; Morita et al. 2016 (  Tabanidae phylogeny). </p>
            <p> Cratotabanus stonemyiomorphus Coscarón and Papavero, 2009b (Cat., as unrecognized, error) </p>
            <p> Cratotabanus stenomyomorphus Martins-Neto 2003: 31, fig, 2 (Fossil tabanids, error); Bechly 2007: 386 (Crato insects spp, error); Grimaldi et al. 2011: 303 (Cretaceous amber spp., error); Zhang 2012: 1 (Lower Cretaceous China, error); Strelow et al. 2013: 439 (summarized  Tabanidae fossil record, error); Grimaldi 2016: 45, fig. 1A (Cretaceous Myanmar spp., error). </p>
            <p>Examined material.</p>
            <p>  Holotype female: GP1T/2585. NE Brazil,  Crato Formation ,  Aptian ,  Lower Cretaceous. - Male, CCNH 141, NE Brazil,  Crato Formation , Aptian, Lower Cretaceous </p>
            <p>Preservation.</p>
            <p>Preserved in ventral view. Clypeus, scape and pedicel visible. Meso and meta femurs, hind left leg, wings, and abdomen preserved.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Frons apparently parallel or slightly convergent; R1 apex inserting in C at the same level of discal cell; vein R4 slightly curved.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female. Measurements: Moderate size, body 9.3 mm, wing 6.9 mm. - Head: Frons apparently parallel or convergent; basal callus absent; subcallus not protuberant or greatly developed; scape and pedicel with similar size; clypeus not conical or projected. - Wings: Wing ca. 3 times longer than wide; pterostigma small or partially preserved, close to the insertion of R1 on C; apex of R1 near the to same level of cell d apex; R2+3 almost straight, curved at the insertion in C; vein R4 slightly curved; no appendix at R4; cell r5 open; M1 curved, parallel to M2; M3 divergent from M2; cell m3 open; m-m two times longer than fork of M1 and M2 to the m-m insertion; m-cu three times longer than origin of M4 to the m-cu insertion; CuA meeting CuP before wing margin; lower calypter pronounced. - Abdomen: Sternites V to VII with visible setae. - Male. Measurements: Moderate size, body 11.3 mm, wing 7.9 mm. - Head: Head hemispherical and holoptic, subcallus forming a prominent triangle; no visible differences among ommatidia size. - Thorax: scutum badly preserved, stout, nearly as wide as long, apparently lighter than abdomen; prescutellum present, scutellum and prescutellum darker than scutum, prescutellum badly preserved. - Legs: dark. - Wings: wing as in female, except by the apparently longer pterostigma. - Abdomen: abdomen with seven visible segments, seventh segment badly preserved.</p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> The differences between  Cratotabanus stonemyomorphus and other species of the genus were discussed by Grimaldi et al. (2011) and Grimaldi (2016). Here, we describe a male specimen that we believe to be  C. stonemyomorphus given the nearly identical wing venation. The male adds important information about this species as the presence of an holoptic head - which is present in most extant  Tabanidae -, the presence of the prescutellum and an enlarged lower calypter, considered synapomorphy of  Tabanidae . The last two characters have already been observed in  C. asiaticus by Grimaldi (2016) but not preserved in the female of  C. stonemyomorphus . </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5627FD5D8F2F505E91741E6D67CD3564	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas;Sampronha, Stephanie;Santos, Charles Morphy D.;Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha	do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas, Sampronha, Stephanie, Santos, Charles Morphy D., Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha (2022): Cretaceous Horse flies and their phylogenetic significance (Diptera: Tabanidae). Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 80: 295-307, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673
