identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9642F329FFF5FFF631B3FF347902158E.text	9642F329FFF5FFF631B3FF347902158E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Druon laceyi Zhang, Sasan & O'Kennon 2022	<div><p>Druon laceyi Zhang, Sasan &amp; O’Kennon sp. n.</p> <p>Figs. 1–18</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 26073933-835C-4BFC-8B93-B0FC4D50A05A</p> <p>Materials examined: Holotype ♀, USA, TX, Fort Worth, Botanical Research Institute, 24.IX.2020, 32.7419, - 97.3638., K.Sasan &amp; R. O’Kennon Leg., reared from midrib leaf galls on Quercus laceyi. Paratypes 8♀, same locality as holotype, USNM. 3♀, same locality as holotype, UB.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Druon laceyi belongs to the Druon group in which the front of the head is rusty brown and the posterior part of the head and mesosoma are dark brown to black (Cuesta-Porta et al. 2022). It keys to couplet 8 of the key in Cuesta-Porta (2022), and is morphologically similar to Druon fullawayi (Beutenmüller, 1913) and Druon gregori Melika, Nicholls &amp; Stone, 2022. Druon laceyi can be distinguished from D. fullawayi by the incomplete notauli, and the presence of a broad rugose elevated central carina dividing the mesoscutellar foveae. Whereas D. fullawayi has the notauli complete and well-delimited, and the mesoscutellar foveae divided by a thin, strong carina. Druon laceyi can also be distinguished from D. gregori by the incomplete notauli, scutellar foveae divided by an alutaceous elevated triangle, smooth speculum, and T2 of the metasoma very short (not reach ⅓ of the length), all tergites smooth, and the bi-colored head. Whereas D. gregori has complete notauli, speculum sculpted as the rest of the mesopleuron, T2 occupies at least half of the length, T3 and following punctured, and an uniformly black head. Additionally, D. laceyi is only known from the oak Series ‘ Texas White Oak’ (sensu Hipp et al. 2020) in central Texas, whereas D. fullawayi is known only from Series Dumosae in California and Zacatecas in Mexico, while D. gregori only from Series Leucomexicanae found on the Santa Catalina and Chiricahua Mountains in Arizona.</p> <p>Description. ASEXUAL FEMALE (holotype). Body length 2.2mm. Head dark brown, except lower face and gena light brown; antenna scape to F3 light brown, F3–F11 dark brown; mesosoma and metasoma dark brown except edges of metasomal tergites light brown, legs light brown except tarsal claws dark brown. Wing veins are dark brown (Fig. 4, 5).</p> <p>Head alutaceous, trapezoid, with sparse setae, denser on lower face (Fig. 6, 7), 1.8× as broad as long in dorsal view and subequal to mesosoma. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye; malar space with striae radiating from clypeus and reaching eye, 0.3× as long as height of eye. Ratio of POL:OOL:LOL is 2.1:1:1; all ocelli ovate, of the same size (Fig. 9). Transfacial distance equal to height of eye, toruli located in mid height of head; diameter of antennal torulus 1.6× as large as the distance between them; distance between torulus and inner margin of eye subequal the diameter of torulus; inner margins of eyes slightly converge ventrally. Lower face strigose, with dense white setae, the median elevated area coriaceous; clypeus rounded, anterior tentorial pits distinct, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line indistinct (Fig. 8). Frons alutaceous, with few white setae; interocellar area microreticulate. Vertex and occiput delicately coriaceous to alutaceous. Antenna with 11 flagellomeres; placodeal sensilla on F3–F11, absent on F1–F2 (Fig. 10). Ratio of scape:pedicel:flagellomeres 1–11 is: 1.6:1:2.4:2.3:2.3:1.8:1.6:1.6:1.3:1.3:2.6. Placodeal sensilla on F3–F11; three coeloconica present on the apical flagellomeres in the form of small rounded black pits, with one on the distal margin of F11, and one on the distal margin and a second ⅔ way down the F12 (Fig. 11).</p> <p>Mesosoma convex, 1.2× as long as high (Fig. 13). Pronotum with transverse striate laterally, with dense white setae; Mesoscutum reticulate; Notauli incomplete on the anterior 1/3, narrow, weakly impressed, slightly converging and broadened at the posterior end, with few white setae along notauli; anterior parallel and parapsidal lines very faint, posterior medial sulcus absent (Fig. 14). Mesoscutellum coriaceous, setose, rounded in dorsal view; Mesoscutellar foveae distinct, transversely ovate, 1.9× as broad as high, smooth, shiny, separated by a broad rugose elevated central carina. Mesopleural triangle rugose. Mesopleuron striato-reticulate, with setae on the dorsal and ventral edges; speculum smooth; axillar area reticulate, glabrous; axillula setose, with parallel longitudinal striae; subaxillar bar area smooth. Metapleural area setose, metapleural sulcus reaching ½ way of the mesopleuron. Metanotal trough smooth, glabrous; propodeum central propodeal area smooth, with few irregular rugae, lateral propodeal carinae curved outwards in posterior 1/3; lateral propodeal area with dense long white setae (Fig. 16). Nucha with numerous rugae. Tarsal claws with tooth (Fig. 15). Fore wing longer than body, hyaline, with dense cilia on margin, radial cell open, 3.8× as long as broad; R1 not reaching wing margin, Rs nearly straight, nearly reaching wing margin; areolet large, triangular, closed and distinct. Rs+M distinct on 3/4 of distance to M and its projection reaching M at its half height (Fig. 12).</p> <p>Metasoma longer than head + mesosoma, higher than long in lateral view; T2 very short (not reach ⅓ of the metasomal length), all tergites smooth; T2 with setae on the anterior half, T7 and hypopygium setose (Fig. 17). Ventral spine of hypopygium slender, prominent part at least 2.4× as long as broad, with sparse, long white setae, extending beyond the apex of spine (Fig. 18).</p> <p>Gall. Small clusters of 1-10 individual (unilocular) brown oval cells in the center of the leaf, emerging perpendicular from the midrib on both upper and lower leaf sides of Q. laceyi in the fall (Figs. 1–2). Seen in abundance on nearly every leaf of each affected host. The cell surface when examined with a microscope shows numerous minute papillae covered with a crystalline material and sparse long white woolly hairs. The hairs weather away as the galls age, except near the base. Inside is a single thin-walled chamber (Fig. 3). Cells stay firmly attached to the leaf when it falls. Leaf petioles frequently display a small darkened area, presumably where eggs were inserted. Approximately 2–3mm long and 1.5mm in diameter. Seen in Fort Worth, TX in October. Adults emerge the following February (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Biology. Only the asexual generation of this species is known, inducing aggregated detachable leaf galls on the top and bottom of the midrib of Q. laceyi. In addition to the gall inducer, inquilines (Cynipidae: Synergus Hartig, 1840) and parasitoids (Eupelmidae: Brasema Cameron, 1884 &amp; Ormyridae: Ormyrus Westwood, 1832) have also been reared from galls of the same collection (iNaturalist observations: 66896457, 66896459, 68692701, 80260145, 80260150, 80260151, 80260156).</p> <p>Distribution. Currently known only from Texas. It is possible that this species also occurs in Oklahoma and northern Mexico, where the host plant is known. Further research is necessary to establish the distribution of this species.</p> <p>Etymology. Named after its host plant, Quercus laceyi.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9642F329FFF5FFF631B3FF347902158E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Y. Miles;Sasan, Kimberlie;O’Kennon, Robert J.;Kranz, Adam J.	Zhang, Y. Miles, Sasan, Kimberlie, O’Kennon, Robert J., Kranz, Adam J. (2022): Discovery through iNaturalist: new species and new records of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Texas, USA. Zootaxa 5168 (1): 63-74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.1.5
9642F329FFF1FFF731B3FC39799D178B.text	9642F329FFF1FFF731B3FC39799D178B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andricus lustrans Beutenmuller 1913	<div><p>Andricus lustrans Beutenmüller 1913, comb. rev.</p> <p>Figs. 19–22</p> <p>Zopheroteras vaccinii Burks, 1979.</p> <p>Callirhytis lustrans Weld, 1926.</p> <p>Andricus dimorphus verifactor, Kinsey, 1922.</p> <p>Andricus impositus, Beutenmüller, 1918.</p> <p>Acraspis vaccinii (erroneously associated with gall only) Ashmead, 1887.</p> <p>Materials examined: Holotype: ♀, USA, TX, Austin, C. Hartman Leg.; USNM; Cotype No. 24649 USNMENT 00802158. Other material: 106♀, NY, New York City, Bronx Park, 11/16, Quercus, mid-Nov., W. Beutenmüller leg., Cotype No. 21784 USNMENT00802136. 2♀, TX, Austin, 12.III.1922., Patterson Leg., USNM 26015, USNM. 3♀, TX, Keller, Bourland Cemetery, 32.9474, -97.2436, 13.XI.2020. K. Sasan Leg., Quercus stellata, USNM.</p> <p>The gall of A. lustrans was first described by itself (without the larva or adult wasp) from Quercus stellata Wangenh. (Osten Sacken, 1862). As this name based on gall alone was established before 1931, it is considered valid according to ICZN article 23.3.2. Ashmead described a new wingless wasp and erroneously associated it with the gall Osten Sacken had described as Acraspis vaccinii Ashmead, 1887 (later transferred to Zopheroteras vaccinii by Beutenmüller in 1909a), while reprinting Osten Sacken’s description of the gall (Ashmead 1887).</p> <p>In 1913 Beutenmüller described the wasp (Fig. 19–21) without the gall as Andricus lustrans Beutenmüller, 1913, and the same species with its gall a few years later which he named Andricus impositus Beutenmüller, 1918. He commented that the gall of A. impositus is similar to Z. vaccinii but the wasp did not match (Beutenmüller, 1918). Kinsey also separately described this species under the name Andricus dimorphus var. verifactor Kinsey, 1922, reared from Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana. In 1926, Weld concluded that A. impositus and A. dimorphus var. verifactor are the junior synonyms of A. lustrans, and transferred the species to Callirhytis (Weld, 1926). Most recently, the species was then erroneously synonymized with Z. vaccinii by Burks (1979) based on Ashmead’s error. The senior author examined the holotype specimen and freshly collected materials (Figs. 19–22), reinstating the name A. lustrans as the species lacks the diagnostic characteristics of Callirhytis. In the Nearctic Cynipini phylogeny by Ward et al. (2022), A. lustrans was recovered as the sister group to an undescribed “pentagonal cluster” gall, both of which are related to Andricus pisiformis Beutenmüller, 1911 and Andricus quercusstrobilanus (Osten Sacken, 1862). A similar-looking gall was recently described as Andricus chapmanii Melika &amp; Abrahamson, 2021, but the adults of A. lustrans can be easily separated using characters such as the incomplete notaulus (Fig. 21), and metasomal tergites smooth (Fig. 19) (Melika et al. 2021a).</p> <p>There is a large series of over 100 specimens collected from Bronx Park in NY that are identified as A. lustrans (identified as A. impositus) collected by Beutenmüller (1918) at NMNH, which he stated as common in the region but is becoming urbanized. There are no current records of this species on iNaturalist outside of TX, which could suggest a reduction in their distribution, despite Q. stellata being found across eastern US. Additional host records include Quercus sinuata var. breviloba (Torr.) C.H.Mull. (Weld 1959).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9642F329FFF1FFF731B3FC39799D178B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Y. Miles;Sasan, Kimberlie;O’Kennon, Robert J.;Kranz, Adam J.	Zhang, Y. Miles, Sasan, Kimberlie, O’Kennon, Robert J., Kranz, Adam J. (2022): Discovery through iNaturalist: new species and new records of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Texas, USA. Zootaxa 5168 (1): 63-74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.1.5
9642F329FFF0FFF831B3F92B7BA01786.text	9642F329FFF0FFF831B3F92B7BA01786.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Striatoandricus aciculatus (Beutenmuller 1909) Zhang & Sasan & O’Kennon & Kranz 2022	<div><p>Striatoandricus aciculatus (Beutenmüller, 1909), comb. nov.</p> <p>Figs. 23–26</p> <p>Andricus aciculatus Beutenmüller, 1909</p> <p>Materials examined: Holotype: ♀, USA, TX, College Station, G. H. Herrick Leg.; USNM; Type No. 13719 USNMENT 00779882. Paratype: 9♀, same information as holotype, USNM. Other material: 11♀, AR, Hoxie, L. H. Weld Leg., Quercus lyrata, Beutenmüller Coll. rec’d 1935, USNM. 14♀, TX, Houston, L. H. Weld Leg., 4–31.III.1918. Quercus minor, Beutenmüller Coll. rec’d 1935, USNM.</p> <p>Striatoandricus aciculatus was first described based on specimens reared in College Station, TX from post oak (Quercus minor (Marshall) Sarg. = Q. stellata) (Beutenmüller 1909b), and have also been reported from Quercus durandii Buckley (= Quercus sinuata Walter) and Quercus lyrata Walter (Weld 1959). This species fits the morphological characteristics of Striatoandricus such as the striated metasoma (Figs. 23–25), and is therefore transferred herein. Similar galls have been observed on iNaturalist across multiple US states surrounding the Gulf of Mexico (e.g. on Quercus austrina Small, iNaturalist observation 94165953), but specimens are needed to confirm the true range of S. aciculatus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9642F329FFF0FFF831B3F92B7BA01786	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Y. Miles;Sasan, Kimberlie;O’Kennon, Robert J.;Kranz, Adam J.	Zhang, Y. Miles, Sasan, Kimberlie, O’Kennon, Robert J., Kranz, Adam J. (2022): Discovery through iNaturalist: new species and new records of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Texas, USA. Zootaxa 5168 (1): 63-74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.1.5
9642F329FFFFFFF931B3F97D7F0C16DA.text	9642F329FFFFFFF931B3F97D7F0C16DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Druon gregori Melika, Nicholls & Stone 2022	<div><p>Druon gregori Melika, Nicholls &amp; Stone 2022</p> <p>Figs. 27–30</p> <p>Materials examined: Other material: 2♀, TX, Big Spring, Comanche Trail Park, 32.2134, -101.4757, 17.XII.2021, ex. 25.III.2022, K. Sasan Leg., Quercus mohriana × Quercus havardii, USNM. 2♀, same information as before, UB.</p> <p>Druon gregori is a new species described earlier this year in Cuesta-Porta et al. (2022), known only from the Santa Catalina and Chiricahua Mountains in Arizona on oaks in the Series Leucomexicanae. Our record (Figs. 27– 30) represents both a new state record (TX), and new plant record (Quercus mohriana Buckley × Quercus havardii Rydberg hybrid, iNaturalist observation 109484892, 103440540, 103440538) for the species. Additionally, a similar gall has been observed in New Mexico on Quercus turbinella Greene (iNaturalist observation 107224635), which would suggest that D. gregori can be found across these southwestern US states on Leucomexicanae oaks.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9642F329FFFFFFF931B3F97D7F0C16DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Y. Miles;Sasan, Kimberlie;O’Kennon, Robert J.;Kranz, Adam J.	Zhang, Y. Miles, Sasan, Kimberlie, O’Kennon, Robert J., Kranz, Adam J. (2022): Discovery through iNaturalist: new species and new records of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Texas, USA. Zootaxa 5168 (1): 63-74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.1.5
