identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B4A835751BFFD856ED600EFA9EFDEC.text	03B4A835751BFFD856ED600EFA9EFDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callitriche brutia Petagna 1787	<div><p>1. Callitriche brutia Petagna (1787: 10)</p> <p>Type: — ITALY. Calabria. Ex herb. Petagna (lectotype [designated by Schotsman (1967: 84)] FI).</p> <p>1a. Callitriche brutia subsp. brutia</p> <p>Distribution: — Callitriche brutia subsp. brutia occurs from Ireland and the Faroe Islands south to Morocco and east throughout much of Europe to Iran and the Caucasus (Lansdown 2008). It also occurs as a non-native in Australia and New Zealand (Lansdown 2022). In Morocco it is widespread from Marrakesh north through the Middle (Moyen) Atlas to the coast and north to Tangiers (Fig. 1A).</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: —Throughout its range, C. brutia subsp. brutia is a characteristic species of seasonal wetlands and the draw-down zones of large standing water bodies. In Morocco it has been recorded from dayas (seasonal pools), the muddy margins of streams, and the draw-down zone of a reservoir in the High Atlas. Elevation in Morocco: 0–2620 m.</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche brutia subsp. brutia can be distinguished from other Callitriche species recorded from Morocco, except C. brutia subsp. naftolskyi (Warburg &amp; Eig 1929: 84) Prančl in Prančl et al. (2020: 1036), by the combination of the strongly reflexed style, which is ultimately appressed to the mature fruit, and the connate leaf bases. It can be distinguished from C. brutia subsp. naftolskyi by the ± isodiametric fruit that have a smooth wing.</p> <p>Illustrations: —Figures in Lansdown (2008: 132–135).</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: Stream by the road between Khenitra and Kasbah Jadla, 18 April 1936, N.D. Simpson 36.894 (BM). By reservoir, ski resort of Oukaïmeden, High Atlas, S. from Marrakech, 2620 m, 27 July 1997, S.L. Jury, S.C. Darwan, A.J.K. Griffiths, M. Redjali 18280 (RNG 13373).</p> <p>Field records: —Mares temporaires d’Azrou et de Timahdite dans le Moyen Atlas, 11 April 2016, L. Rhazi, M. Rhazi, M. El Madihi, M. van den Broeck, E. Saber.</p> <p>1b. Callitriche brutia subsp. naftolskyi (Warburg &amp; Eig 1929: 84) Prančl in Prančl et al. (2020: 1036)</p> <p>Type: — ISRAEL. Sharon Plain, north-east of Tel Aviv, 23 Apr 1927, Naftolsky 01853 (lectotype [designated by Lansdown et al. (2017: 92)] HUJ).</p> <p>Distribution: — Callitriche brutia subsp. naftolskyi is endemic to but widespread within the Mediterranean basin, occurring on larger islands and mainland North Africa, from Morocco through Libya to Israel and Syria (Lansdown et al. 2017) and has recently been reported from mainland Spain (Prančl et al. 2020). In Morocco it is frequent around Rabat, in the Central Plateau and Middle Atlas (Fig. 1B), but is almost certainly under-recorded.</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: — Callitriche brutia subsp. naftolskyi is a characteristic plant of seasonal pools. In Morocco it has been recorded from seasonal pools in pasture and arable land, the bed of an oued (seasonal stream), and from cupular pools in granite. It has been recorded with a wide range of species, of which 22% can be described as true aquatics, 44% as more characteristic of wetland margins or seasonal wetlands, and 33% as terrestrials that grow in wetlands once they have dried out. This reflects the affinity of this taxon with seasonally wet habitats, rather than permanent water. Typical associates include species that are more frequent in permanent wetlands, but can tolerate periods when they dry out, such as Callitriche stagnalis, Elatine hydropiper von Linné (1753: 367), Eleocharis palustris Roemer &amp; Schultes (1817: 151), and Ranunculus peltatus Schrank (1789: 103), as well as a range of species typically found in seasonal wetlands, such as Callitriche mathezii, C. regis-jubae, Eryngium atlanticum Battandier &amp; Pitard in Pitard (1912: 45), small Juncus species such as J. bufonius von Linné (1753: 328), J. capitatus Weigel (1772: 28), J. pygmaeus Rich. ex Thuillier (1799: 178), and J. tenageia Ehrh. ex von Linné (1781: 208), small Lythrum species such as L. borysthenicum (M.Bieb. ex Schrank 1822: 643) Litvinov (1917: 209), L. hyssopifolia von Linné (1753: 447), L. junceum Banks ex Sol. in Russell &amp; Russell (1794: 253), L. portula Webb (1967: 13), L. thymifolia von Linné (1753: 447), and L. tribracteatum Salzm. ex Sprengel (1827: 190), Marsilea strigosa Willdenow (1810: 539), Pilularia minuta Durieu in Bory &amp; Durieu (1848: plate 38, figs. 120), Ranunculus ophioglossifolius Villars (1789: 731), and the chlorophyte Botrydium granulatum (von Linné 1753: 1164) Greville (1830: 69), which colonises bare mud as water levels recede. Elevation in Morocco: 0–1487 m.</p> <p>Notes: —Until recently C. brutia subsp. naftolskyi was poorly-known and understood, however it has been shown to be relatively abundant in the southern Mediterranean (Lansdown et al. 2017) and is particularly so in Morocco. Callitriche brutia is probably the most widespread and abundant member of the genus in Morocco and most records appear to involve C. brutia subsp. naftolskyi. In contrast, C. brutia subsp. brutia is at the southern limit of its range in Morocco and is much less frequent here than in areas such as the Iberian Peninsula, southern France, and Italy.</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche brutia subsp. naftolskyi can be distinguished from other Callitriche species recorded from Morocco, except C. brutia subsp. brutia, by the combination of the strongly reflexed style, which is ultimately appressed to the mature fruit, and the connate leaf bases. C. brutia subsp. naftolskyi can be distinguished from C. brutia subsp. brutia by the fruit that are wider than long, and that have an irregular or wavy wing.</p> <p>Illustrations: —Plates in Lansdown et al. (2017: 95–96).</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: Daya au sud de Marchaud (Benslimane), 45 m, 28 April 1927, E. Jahandiez 35 (BM). Daya à l’W de la route Chemmaiya-Chichaoua au N. de Bled Haroussia, 6 March 1956, Nègre 4876 rel. à 2363 (RAB). S of Rabat, wet grassland, 7 April 2010, G. Pils s.n. (herb G. Pils). Mare de Tiflet, 381 m altitude, 28 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks s.n. (RAB). Large seasonal pool near Oulmès, 1170 m, 28 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks s.n. (RAB).</p> <p>Field records: —Stream upstream of the dam, 28 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Seasonal stream near Oulmès, 1170 m alt, 28 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Small pool in arable, 1169 m, 28 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Wetland complex at Mante, 1163 m, 30 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Akzou,, 1487 m, 1 May 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Cupular pools on an outcrop near Akzou, 1171 m, 1 May 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4A835751BFFD856ED600EFA9EFDEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lansdown, Richard V.;Rhazi, Laila;Saber, Er-Riyahi;Madihi, Mohammed El;Grillas, Patrick	Lansdown, Richard V., Rhazi, Laila, Saber, Er-Riyahi, Madihi, Mohammed El, Grillas, Patrick (2022): The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae, Callitricheae) in Morocco. Phytotaxa 555 (1): 53-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4
03B4A835751CFFD856ED6154FF75F8C0.text	03B4A835751CFFD856ED6154FF75F8C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callitriche cribrosa Schotsman 1965	<div><p>2. Callitriche cribrosa Schotsman (1965: 317)</p> <p>Type:— MOROCCO. In Atlantis majoribus montibus supra oppidum, Amismiz, 27 June 1925, R. Maire s.n. (RAB 9647).</p> <p>Distribution:— Callitriche cribrosa occurs in the Iberian Peninsula, where it is more frequent in the south (CSIC 2009), in Algeria (Schotsman 1965), and in Morocco, it has also been reported from Italy (Conti et al. 2005, Prančl et al. 2020). In Morocco, C. cribrosa is frequent from the coast to the Central Plateau and the Middle Atlas, from Rabat north-east to Fez and south to Ouarzazate, with isolated records from near Marrakesh and Tangiers (Fig. 1C).</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: — Callitriche cribrosa typically grows in flowing waters of ditches, streams and river backwaters. It will tolerate nutrient enrichment, but at Oued Tizguite it appeared to have been eradicated from the main channel by excessive trampling by stock, persisting only in the spring, which was protected from stock access by a small wall. In Morocco, C. cribrosa has been recorded mainly with species typical of permanent waters such as Lemna gibba von Linné (1753: 970), Nasturtium officinale Brown (1812: 110), Ranunculus penicillatus (Dumortier 1863: 216) Babington (1874: 7) subsp. pseudofluitans (Syme 1863: 20) Webster (1988: 20), and Veronica catenata Pennell (1921: 37). In the spring at Oued Tizguite it also occurred with a rhodophyte [Batrachospermum Roth (1797: 37) sp.], which typically occurs in cold waters (N. Willby, pers. comm. 2005).</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche cribrosa can be distinguished from other Callitriche species recorded from Morocco, except C. stagnalis, by the combination of the large, broadly winged fruit that are greyish-brown when mature, and large anthers with yellow pollen. It can often be distinguished from C. stagnalis by the broad floating leaves with more than seven parallel veins, however when this character is lacking it can only reliably be distinguished by the cribrose testa of the fruit.</p> <p>Illustrations: —Figures in Lansdown [2008: 24 (7-7x), 87, 89].</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: In Atlantis Majoris montibus supra oppidum Amizmiz: in aquis lente fluentibus. 27 June 1925, R. Maire s.n. (RAB 9647). Maaziz, 1 March 1931, J. Sallefom s.n. (RAB 9666). Plateau centrale (Zaïane), piste ‘ El-Khabonata à Sidi, ruisselet un peu à l’w de la cote 605 m, 17 April 1969, J. Mathez 4738 (RAB 44754). Entre Azrou et Ifrane, dans un ruisseau, 1970, Andreas, Schotsman 24 (RAB 44642). Source Cherrate, 1970 Mathez, Andreas, Schotsman 30 (RAB 4465, RAB 44646). 1 km south of Maulay S. Aglibal dans un ruisseau, eau limpide, courante, 1970, H.D. Schotsman 19 (RAB 44638, RAB 44639). Region de Rabat, petit ruisselet au S. Rzouk, Tiflet - Maaziz, au sud de Tiflet, 2 March 1970, H.D. Schotsman 8 (RAB 44647). Plateau centrale, Zaïane, Reg de Tsili - Oued Jouf au pied des falaises; ruisselet calme, 31 March 1970, J. Mathez 5221 (RAB 40274). In river, about 13 km SE of El Ksiba along road from El-Ksiba to Imilchil, by El Arba, Rabat, 5 July 1997, S.L. Jury 17501 (RNG 12586). High Atlas, 1300 m, 10 May 2010, G. Pils s.n. (herb. G. Pils).</p> <p>Field records: —Oued Tizguite and Oued Ouaslane, 902 m, 8 June 2019, R.V. Lansdown, N. Fetnassi, I. Mostakim.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4A835751CFFD856ED6154FF75F8C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lansdown, Richard V.;Rhazi, Laila;Saber, Er-Riyahi;Madihi, Mohammed El;Grillas, Patrick	Lansdown, Richard V., Rhazi, Laila, Saber, Er-Riyahi, Madihi, Mohammed El, Grillas, Patrick (2022): The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae, Callitricheae) in Morocco. Phytotaxa 555 (1): 53-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4
03B4A835751CFFDB56ED6420FDD4FC45.text	03B4A835751CFFDB56ED6420FDD4FC45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callitriche deflexa A. Braun ex Hegelmaier 1864	<div><p>3. Callitriche deflexa A.Braun ex Hegelmaier (1864: 58)</p> <p>Type: — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: 1859, F. Rudio s.n. (lectotype [designated by Lansdown &amp; Hassemer (2021: 95)] STU 15655!; isolectotypes G, GH 00048927!, GH 00048928!, GH00048929!, K 000470002!, MO 1913776!, MO 1913777!, STU 15662).</p> <p>Distribution: — Callitriche deflexa is native to central South America in an area including southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina. It is also very widespread as a non-native, with records from Australia, Mauritius, Morocco, Portugal, South Africa, Taiwan, Tanzania, and the United Kingdom (Ascension Island) (Lansdown 2022). In Morocco it was established in the Arboretum of Oued Cherrate for many years and may still persist, it has also been recorded from a garden at Abou-Ali-Al-Youssi, at the former home of Joel Mathez (specimen in RAB). It is not known whether it still persists at either of these sites.</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: —In its native range, this species occurs in low-lying, humid areas such as sandy beaches along rivers and dry river beds. Outside its native range it occurs in a wide range of seasonally or permanently moist conditions, such as irrigated areas of nurseries, ornamental beds and greenhouses in botanical gardens, low lying disturbed soil in areas such as un-metalled parking areas and on roadsides (Lansdown 2022).At the Arboretum of Oued Cherrate, C. deflexa grew in shade on the edges of a track leading from a spring that supported C. cribrosa (Hammada et al. 2004, Fennane &amp; Ibn Tattou 1998).</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche deflexa can be distinguished from other Callitriche species recorded from Morocco, except C. mathezii, by the small fruit that are blackish when mature. It can be distinguished from C. mathezii by the fruit that are wider than long and at least some on all plants pedunculate, combined with the presence of both ♂ and ♀ flowers in most leaf axils</p> <p>Illustrations: —Figures in Lansdown [2008: 25 (16),140, 141]; Figure 1 (h) in Lansdown &amp; Hassemer [2021: 88, fig. 1(h)]).</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: Piste vers Cherrate, Reg., Rabat, Arboretum de l’Oued Cherrate, piste venant à la source, s.d., Mathez, Andreas, Schotsman 7 (RAB 44617). Piste, Cherrate 1970 Mathez, Andreas, H.D. Schotsman s.n. (P). Reg. Rabat, reboisement de l’Oued Cherrate, piste venant à la source à Callitriche cribrosa, 18April 1970, J. Mathez 5365 (RAB 47213). Jardin du Zankat Abou-Ali-Al-Youssi (chez Mathez); pelouse de Stenophrum, 6 May 1975, J. Mathez 7543 (RAB 47228).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4A835751CFFDB56ED6420FDD4FC45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lansdown, Richard V.;Rhazi, Laila;Saber, Er-Riyahi;Madihi, Mohammed El;Grillas, Patrick	Lansdown, Richard V., Rhazi, Laila, Saber, Er-Riyahi, Madihi, Mohammed El, Grillas, Patrick (2022): The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae, Callitricheae) in Morocco. Phytotaxa 555 (1): 53-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4
03B4A835751FFFDB56ED60ACFE49F8B4.text	03B4A835751FFFDB56ED60ACFE49F8B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callitriche lusitanica Schotsman 1961	<div><p>4. Callitriche lusitanica Schotsman (1961: 112)</p> <p>Type: —Castelo Branco, rib. Ponsul, VI-1881. A.R. da Cunha s.n. (LISU).</p> <p>Distribution: — Callitriche lusitanica is endemic to the Mediterranean Basin, but its distribution is poorly known. It is widespread and abundant in the centre and west of the Iberian Peninsula and occurs in North Africa in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, as well as from the islands of Sardinia and Sicily east to Israel (Lansdown et al. 2017, Prančl et al. 2020). In Morocco it appears to be restricted to the coastal lowlands from Safi north to Tangiers, where it is not uncommon south of Rabat (Fig. 1D).</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: —Throughout much of its range, C. lusitanica occurs in gravel- or cobble-bed rivers on siliceous soils, where it may form large stands in the main channel and backwaters (Lansdown et al. 2017). In Morocco although it has been recorded from slow-flowing water (Fennane et al. 2007), it is more frequent in seasonal waterbodies.</p> <p>Notes: —The Iberian Peninsula and Morocco appear to represent the core distribution area of this species, however scattered records from the larger Mediterranean islands, other countries in North Africa, and from Israel suggest that it may have a similar distribution to that of C. brutia subsp. naftolskyi. It is clearly under-recorded throughout much of its range and since it is poorly represented in herbaria, it is difficult to define its distribution.</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche lusitanica can be distinguished from all other Callitriche species recorded from Morocco by the combination of the translucent leaves that are not connate at the base, and the broadly-winged fruit that are blackish when mature.</p> <p>Illustrations: —Figures in Lansdown [2008: 24 (5-5x), 75, 77]; Plates in Lansdown et al. (2017: 96–97).</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: Prope Oppidium Boulhaut, in aquis stagnantibus, s.d., R. Maire 21-4 (RAB 9663). A Casablanca, daya du camp d’Aviation, 27 April 1922, R. Maire s.n. (RAB 9648). Region Rabat / Zaire, daya El-Hrcha, près de Souk el-Arba des Sehoul, 2 March 1970 (localite precise 4 June 1975), Mathez, Andreas, Schotsman 6 (RAB 44623). Avec C. regis-jubae, Reg Rabat, 4 km SE de Tiflet (localité précise 4 June 1975) 2 March 1970, Schotsman 7 (RAB 44650). Plateau centrale, Mont NW Vasques de l’Ighzan Ain Boad pers Si Otsmane, s.d., J. Mathez 7313 (RAB 47215).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4A835751FFFDB56ED60ACFE49F8B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lansdown, Richard V.;Rhazi, Laila;Saber, Er-Riyahi;Madihi, Mohammed El;Grillas, Patrick	Lansdown, Richard V., Rhazi, Laila, Saber, Er-Riyahi, Madihi, Mohammed El, Grillas, Patrick (2022): The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae, Callitricheae) in Morocco. Phytotaxa 555 (1): 53-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4
03B4A835751FFFD456ED64BCFB60FC61.text	03B4A835751FFFD456ED64BCFB60FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callitriche mathezii Schotsman 1976	<div><p>5. Callitriche mathezii Schotsman (1976: 199)</p> <p>Type: — MAROC: Plateau Central, Massif du Mtourzgane – Akzou, vasques dans les quartzites, 2 May 1970, J. Mathez 55078 (holotype MPU 310674; isotype RAB 085553).</p> <p>Distribution: — Callitriche mathezii is endemic to Morocco, where it has been confirmed from a total of seven main areas: three on the Central Plateau (Oulmès, Aguelmous-Mante, and Aguelmous-Akzou) and four in the Middle Atlas (Aguelmam Afennourir and sites between Jbel Hebri and Timahdite), as well as two records from the Rif Mountains in the north (Fig. 2A). The distribution of these records suggests that it may be under-recorded, however it appears to be dependent on a fairly limited habitat type and it is therefore unlikely to be abundant anywhere in its range.</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: — Callitriche mathezii occurs in seasonally-inundated standing water bodies. In the Central Plateau, it was recorded from two distinct habitat-types: cupular pools in quartzite, including the type locality, and a shallow valley wetland complex, surrounded by arable land. At the type locality, hill tops are composed of horizontal quartzite exposures (J. Mathez in Schotsman 1976) between 1400–1500 m elevation, with scattered trees grading into Quercus ilex von Linné (1753: 995) woodland on the lower slopes. In a few locations, hollows in the bedrock accumulate water, which persists for more than a few months. These hollows range in size from a few centimetres to 2– 3 m in diameter. When holding water, they typically support few species, such as Callitriche mathezii, C. brutia subsp. naftolskyi, and Isoetes velata A.Braun in Bory &amp; Durieu (1849: fig. 1), with filamentous green algae. As they dry out, these are replaced by species more typical of very shallow or dried out pools, such as Crassula vaillantii (Willdenow 1798: 720) Roth (1827: 992), Lythrum thymifolia, Plantago coronopus von Linné (1753: 115), and Spergularia rubra (von Linné 1753: 423) Presl &amp; Presl (1819: 94). Callitriche mathezii was recorded from a second series of cupular pools in arable land near Mante. In this area, low granite bedrock exposures are scattered in a large area of open ground. These exposures contained a very small number of seasonal pools supporting a similar range of species, with C. mathezii in two. In the valley wetland complex, C. mathezii was abundant as terrestrial plants on bare mud in a band around the remaining water, with species such as Elatine hydropiper and Ranunculus peltatus, as well as on the margin of a stream were it was mixed with a wide range of species such as Callitriche stagnalis, Pilularia minuta, and Lythrum borysthenicum.</p> <p>In the Middle Atlas, Callitriche mathezii was found in large seasonal lakes and pools on basalt on the plateau south of Timahdite. Most of these are in an area heavily grazed by sheep and consequently characterised by bare, very rocky ground. However, Aguelmam Afennourir is a Ramsar site and subject to much lower grazing pressure. It may represent the character that all of these high-altitude lakes would have if grazing pressure was reduced. In these sites, C. mathezii occurred throughout the water and margins up to about 0.5 m depth, with a range of species dominated by true aquatics, such as C. truncata subsp. truncata, Eleocharis palustris, Ranunculus batrachioides Pomel (1874: 249), and R. peltatus. At Aguelmam Afennourir, C. mathezii occurred in a very species-rich assemblage with multiple canopies of submerged, floating and aquatic plants, such as Damasonium bourgaei Cosson (1849: 47), Elatine macropoda Gussone (1826: 475), Eleocharis acicularis Roemer &amp; Schultes (1817: 154), Groenlandia densa Fourreau (1869: 169), Helosciadium repens Schultz (1854: 237), Juncus heterophyllus Dufour (1825: 88), Rorippa hayanica Maire (1927: 4), and Zannichellia palustris von Linné (1753: 969).</p> <p>Notes: —Existing information on the morphology of Callitriche mathezii is based on the type description,which was derived from herbarium specimens. As is typical with reference to Callitriche species, study of fresh material has enabled development of a more informed description as follows:</p> <p>Stem and leaf scales present. Leaf bases connate. Lingulate leaves unknown, expanded submerged or floating leaves typically with long petiole terminated by a small blade which can be very broad relative to its length, 1.2–3.3 × 0.5–2.2 mm, venation simple or complex with numerous loops and anastomosing veins, petiole 0.6–5.1 mm, apical leaves forming a floating rosette, leaves of terrestrial plants narrowly elliptic 1.6–2.5 × 0.2–0.9 mm. Flowers solitary, usually predominantly one gender on a shoot or even entire plant. Bracts falcate, persistent 0.5–0.9 mm. Styles erect, becoming recurved in fruit, ≤ 4.1 mm. Filaments erect ≤ 3.5 mm; anthers reniform, 0.4–0.6 mm diam.; pollen yellow. Fruit not strumose, subsessile or pedicellate to 10.8 mm, ± as wide as high, blackish when mature, contrasting with pale wing, 0.8–1.3 × 0.8–1.4 mm, wing throughout.</p> <p>It is of note that Callitriche mathezii was found flowering and developing fertilised fruit submerged (Fig. 2B), which is not typical of the Callitriche species with yellow pollen of which few are known to flower underwater. Pollination must involve transport of pollen in the water column, as this species is more or less dioecious in the location where this behaviour was observed. It is also of note that C. mathezii is clearly adapted to survive as a terrestrial form on damp mud, a capacity that was considered unlikely by Schotsman (1976).</p> <p>Schotsman (1976) studied herbarium material from Akzou and temporary pools on schist near Oulmès. She noted differences between these two populations, particularly that the fruit of the population at Oulmès were smaller, with a narrower wing than those from Akzou. Comparison of fresh material from Akzou, Oulmès, and Jbel Hebri shows that while the fruit of the material from Oulmès are slightly smaller than those from Akzou, those from Jbel Hebri are smaller still (Fig. 3A), showing almost no overlap with those from the other two sites. Photographs of fruit from these three sites show the difference in wing width noted by Schotsman (1976), as well as quite striking differences in the shape of the fruit (Fig. 3B).</p> <p>Schotsman (1976) also noted that some rosettes of Callitriche mathezii only held female flowers, while others held only male flowers. Examination of abundant fresh material from Akzou, Oulmès, and Jbel Hebri showed that plants from Oulmès (Fig. 2C) and Akzou were almost entirely dioecious with hundreds of flowers of a single gender on one plant, but only one or two of the other gender. In contrast, those from the Jbel Hebri - Timahdite area had ♀ flowers toward the base, with ♂ toward the apex, suggesting that ♀ flowers develop first, followed by ♂. The differences between populations in these three areas are greater than differences that have been considered sufficient to treat populations as different varieties, subspecies or even species in other regions (e.g. Lansdown &amp; Hassemer 2021, Lansdown 2022). In a global revision of the genus (see Lansdown 2022) no such morphological variation has been found within any other species except C. palustris and C. hermaphroditica, both of which considered to include a number of sub-specific taxa (e.g. Lansdown 2006b). These apparent differences in morphology and reproductive strategy between populations occurring over a relatively small area suggest that C. mathezii has a very low dispersal capacity, such that each population may be considered largely genetically isolated. Without more information, it would be premature to describe sub-specific taxa within C. mathezii or to describe any of the populations as different species. However, it is clear that there would be great merit in more detailed research into variation in the taxon recognised as C. mathezii, particularly if supported by genetic analysis.</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche mathezii can be distinguished from other Callitriche species recorded from Morocco, except C. deflexa, by the combination of the small fruit that are blackish when mature. It can be distinguished from C. deflexa by the fruit that are subsessile and longer than wide, and the solitary flowers.</p> <p>Illustrations: —Figures in Schotsman (1976: 200, 202, 204), and this paper (Figs 2B, 2D and 3B).</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: Daias à Ouelmès (schistes) 1200 m, s.d., Emberger s.n. (RAB 13821) (mixed with C. brutia). Plateau Central (Haut Pays) - Zaïan, Aguelmous, petites mares temporaires sur dalles horizontals de quartizites, 1627 m, s.d., J. Mathez 5508 (RAB 085553, MPU 310674). Inundated flat pasture near Chefchaouene, 16 April 2019, G. Pils s.n. (herb. G. Pils). Large seasonal pool near Oulmès, 1170 m, 28 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks s.n. (RAB). Cupular pools in granite near Mante, 1163 m altitude, 30 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks (RAB). Akzou, 1486 m, 1 May 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks s.n. (RAB). Seasonal lakes between Azrou and Timahdite (Jbel Hebri). 1928 m altitude, 2 May 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks (RAB). Seasonal lakes between Azrou and Timahdite (Jbel Hebri), 1928 m altitude, 2 May 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks s.n. (RAB). Seasonal lakes between Azrou and Timahdite (Jbel Hebri), 1912 m altitude, 2 May 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks s.n. (RAB).</p> <p>Field records: —Seasonal stream near Oulmès, 1170 m alt, 28 th April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Pools in granite outcrops near the Hotel des Thermes à Tarmilate (Oulmès), 29 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Akzou, 1487 m, 1 May 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Akzou, 1433 m, 1 May 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Lac Afennourir, 1801 m altitude, 10 June 2019, R.V. Lansdown, N. Fetnassi, I. Mostakim.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4A835751FFFD456ED64BCFB60FC61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lansdown, Richard V.;Rhazi, Laila;Saber, Er-Riyahi;Madihi, Mohammed El;Grillas, Patrick	Lansdown, Richard V., Rhazi, Laila, Saber, Er-Riyahi, Madihi, Mohammed El, Grillas, Patrick (2022): The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae, Callitricheae) in Morocco. Phytotaxa 555 (1): 53-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4
03B4A8357510FFD456ED60C0FE70F8B5.text	03B4A8357510FFD456ED60C0FE70F8B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callitriche obtusangula Le Gall 1852	<div><p>6. Callitriche obtusangula Le Gall (1852: 202)</p> <p>Type: — FRANCE: Le Palais, Belle Ile en mer, Morbihan, 19 Aug. 1958, J. Raynal &amp; A. Raynal s.n. (neotype [designated by Lansdown (2006b: 108)] P 04023078!).</p> <p>Distribution: — Callitriche obtusangula is known from Europe and North Africa. It occurs from the UK and the Netherlands to Austria and Greece in the east, as well as in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. It is at the southern limit of its range in Morocco, where it has been recorded from three sites in the north and on the Central Plateau (Fig. 4A).</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: —Throughout most of its range, Callitriche obtusangula typically occurs in permanent waterbodies such as rivers, fen drains, ditches, and pools in freshwater systems, extending into the upper margins of brackish coastal wetlands. In Morocco it has been recorded from a stream, a reservoir, and low-lying wet grassland. At one site in a stream near Oulmès, it was recorded with a range of species of which 39% can be considered truly aquatic, 48% marginal, and 13% terrestrial, reflecting the perennial nature of the stream. Other species recorded were similar to those with which it occurs in Europe, including Callitriche stagnalis, Ceratophyllum demersum von Linné (1753: 992), Helosciadium nodiflorum (von Linné 1753: 251) Koch (1824: 126), Lemna gibba, Lythrum portula, Nasturtium officinale, Potamogeton nodosus Poiret (1816: 535), Scrophularia auriculata von Linné (1753: 620), and Veronica catenata. It is a lowland species in the north of its range (Lansdown 2007), but has been recorded up to 1200 m in Sicily. Elevation in Morocco: 0—1100 m.</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche obtusangula can be distinguished from all other Callitriche species recorded from Morocco by the combination of large, unwinged fruit with parallel mericarps, and large anthers with yellow pollen.</p> <p>Illustrations: —Figures in Lansdown [2008: 25 (9-9x), 97, 99].</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: Barrage Smir, Tetouan. M’diq, 4 April 1994, J.M. Montserrat, B. Vales s.n. (RNG). Low-lying, heavily grazed area by lake, very wet in parts, 4km from Moulay Bousselham on road E to Kenitra (83km), Kenitra Province, 13 m, 25 May 2002, S.L. Jury, M. Ait Lafikh, R. Brown, M.A. Carine and F.J. Rumsey 19284 (RAB 65427, RNG 27142). River near Oulmès, 30 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks s.n. (RAB).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4A8357510FFD456ED60C0FE70F8B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lansdown, Richard V.;Rhazi, Laila;Saber, Er-Riyahi;Madihi, Mohammed El;Grillas, Patrick	Lansdown, Richard V., Rhazi, Laila, Saber, Er-Riyahi, Madihi, Mohammed El, Grillas, Patrick (2022): The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae, Callitricheae) in Morocco. Phytotaxa 555 (1): 53-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4
03B4A8357510FFD656ED64BCFC89FA90.text	03B4A8357510FFD656ED64BCFC89FA90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callitriche regis-jubae Schotsman 1973	<div><p>7. Callitriche regis-jubae Schotsman (1973: 25)</p> <p>Type: — MOROCCO. Daya, Entre Tiflet et Maaziz, pres El Khemis, 2 March 1970, J. Mathez, C.H. Andreas, H.D. Schotsman 7A (holotype RAB 077706; isotypes P! 00374825, WAG0000346).</p> <p>Distribution: — Callitriche regis-jubae is endemic to the Mediterranean, where it is known from Extremadura and Andalucia in the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Tunisia, and Italy (Fennane et al. 2007, Ghrabi-Gammar et al. 2009, Prančl et al. 2020). There is also a fairly poor specimen from Tenerife (K) that could be this species, but is inadequate for formal confirmation. In Morocco it is frequent along the coast from Casablanca northwards, as well as in the Central Plateau (Fig. 4B). Elevation in Morocco: 0–1160 m.</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: — Callitriche regis-jubae typically occurs in seasonal wetlands, as well as in seasonal pools in the channel of rivers, and ditches in inundated pasture. In Morocco it has been recorded from wet flushes, streams, cupular pools in granite, marshes, and seasonal pools. It was recorded with a wide range of species, of which 19% may be considered truly aquatic, 52% characteristic of seasonal wetlands, and 29% terrestrial, reflecting its association with seasonal wetlands. Typical associates include Callitriche brutia subsp. naftolskyi, C. mathezii, C. stagnalis, Crassula vaillantii, Elatine macropoda, Eleocharis palustris, Glyceria spicata Gussone (1843: 784), Juncus bufonius, J. tenageia, Lotus conimbricensis Brotero (1805: 118), Lythrum hyssopifolia, L. junceum, L. tribracteatum, Montia fontana von Linné (1753: 87) subsp. amporitana Sennen (1911: 110), Nasturtium officinale, Plantago coronopus, Pulicaria arabica Bourg. ex Nyman (1879: 394), Ranunculus ophioglossifolius, R. peltatus, and Trifolium michelianum Savi (1798: 159).</p> <p>Notes: — Callitriche regis-jubae was overlooked for a long time and is consequently poorly-known. It is apparently restricted to north-western North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and Italy. It appears to be most abundant in Andalusia (CSIC 2009) and north-western Morocco. Its abundance in Morocco suggests that this region may be important for its conservation.</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche regis-jubae can be distinguished from all other Callitriche species recorded from Morocco by the combination of yellow pollen and greyish-brown, pedunculate fruit that are wider than long.</p> <p>Illustrations: —Figures in Lansdown [2008: 24 (8–8x), 92–93].</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: Daya, entre Tiflet et Maaziz, près El khemis, 2 March 1970, J. Mathez, C.H. Andreas, H.D. Schotsman 7A (P) (Holotype). In wet flush, 1 km E of road junction, W along minor road from Tleta-des-Beni-Yder-Cherki to Moulay Abdesalam, southwest of Tetouan, 25 February 1995, S.L. Jury, M. Ait Lafkih, H. Abu Sbaik, R. Ziri 16152 (RNG 9174). Cursos de agua entre robledales y repoblaciones de Pinus radiata, Souk el Arba de Beni Hassim, vertiente occidentale del Jbel Bou Hassim, Tetouan, 6 June 1996, M. A. Mateos, J.M. Montserrat JMM-54423/10 (RNG). Mare de Tiflet, 381 m, 28 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks (RAB).</p> <p>Field records: —Cupular pools in granite near Mante (Aguelmous), 1163 m altitude, 30April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Mare de Abassine, 1066 m altitude, 30 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Stream Tna Ounahal, 1129 m altitude, 30 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Wetland complex at Mante (Aguelmous), 1163 m, 30 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4A8357510FFD656ED64BCFC89FA90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lansdown, Richard V.;Rhazi, Laila;Saber, Er-Riyahi;Madihi, Mohammed El;Grillas, Patrick	Lansdown, Richard V., Rhazi, Laila, Saber, Er-Riyahi, Madihi, Mohammed El, Grillas, Patrick (2022): The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae, Callitricheae) in Morocco. Phytotaxa 555 (1): 53-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4
03B4A8357512FFD156ED6690FEFEFB48.text	03B4A8357512FFD156ED6690FEFEFB48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callitriche stagnalis Scopoli 1772	<div><p>8. Callitriche stagnalis Scopoli (1772: 251)</p> <p>Type: — UNITED KINGDOM. Cardiganshire. Aberleri Fields, Borth, Cards 22/61209160, 20 July 1998, A.O. Chater s.n. (neotype [designated by Lansdown (2006: 108)]: NMW!).</p> <p>Distribution: — Callitriche stagnalis is a predominantly European species, occurring east from Norway into Russia and south to Greece and Turkey, but rare in the east and has not been confirmed from the Levant or North Africa east of Morocco. The limits of its distribution have been obscured by frequent and widespread mis-identification. It is widespread and abundant throughout the Iberian Peninsula, but in Morocco is known only from the Central Plateau and the Rif, where it is frequent (Fig. 4C).</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: — Callitriche stagnalis occurs in a wide range of habitats, most often on wet tracks in woodland, in pools in pasture, lake and river margins, and the margins of ditches. In Morocco it has been recorded from reservoirs and ponds, as well as cupular pools in granite, wet flushes, and streams. It occurs with a wide range of species and records from Moroccan populations include 23% that may be considered truly aquatic, 38% typical of marginal habitats or seasonal wetlands, and 39% terrestrial, reflecting its occurrence in both seasonal and permanent wetlands. Typical associates in Morocco include Anthoxanthum odoratum von Linné (1753: 28), Callitriche brutia subsp. naftolskyi, C. mathezii, C. regis-jubae, Eleocharis palustris, Fontinalis Hedwig (1801: 298) sp., Helosciadium nodiflorum, Hordeum murinum von Linné (1753: 85), Juncus bufonius, Lemna gibba, Lythrum hyssopifolia, Mentha pulegium von Linné (1753: 577), Mentha suaveolens Ehrhart (1792: 149), Nasturtium officinale, Nerium oleander von Linné (1753: 209), Plantago coronopus, Poa annua von Linné (1753: 68), Polypogon monspeliensis Desfontaines (1798: 67), Potamogeton nodosus, Pulicaria arabica, Ranunculus ophioglossifolius, R. peltatus, Scrophularia auriculata, and Veronica catenata. Elevation in Morocco: 0–1560 m.</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche stagnalis can be distinguished from other Callitriche species recorded from Morocco except C. cribrosa, by the combination of the large fruit that are greyish-brown when mature, and large anthers with yellow pollen. It can only reliably be distinguished from C. cribrosa by the looped testa of the fruit, however most healthy plants of C. cribrosa will have leaves with more than seven parallel veins, whereas the leaves of C. stagnalis have fewer veins.</p> <p>Illustrations: —Figures in Lansdown [2008: 24 (6–6x), 81, 83] and in Lansdown (2022: Fig. 10j).</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: Stream, Asmismis, s.d., N.D. Simpson 36.378 (BM). Al-Hoceima. Izdad, 1 July 1993, J.A. Mejias, S. Silvestre s.n. (RNG). Barrage Smir, Tetouan. M’diq, 4 April 1994, J.M. Montserrat, B. Vales s.n. (RNG). Souk el Arba de Beni Hassim, 6 June 1994, M.A. Mateos, J.M. Montserrat s.n. (RNG). Larache, Ksor-el-Kebir, Orillas del rio Loukkos Arcillas, 30 m, 17 March 1995, M.A. Mateos, M.C. Reina, G. Sangalli, Sardóa, B. Valdés, 4783/95 (RNG). Wet flush on open west-facing slope, NE of Chefchaouen, track to Jbel Tassaout just above Talembote village, 21.4 km from main Tetouan to Chefchaouen, 595 m, 27 May 2002, S.L. Jury, M. Ait Lafikh, R. Brown, M.A. Carine &amp; F.J. Rumsey 19371 (RAB 65458, RNG 27229). Wet flush with Salix, just below spring, track down E of Mirador de Perdicaris, Prov. Tanger above Tanger, 26 May 2002, S.L. Jury, M. Ait Lafkih, R. Brown, M.A. Carine, F.J. Rumsey s.n. (RAB 65491, RNG 27154). In village pond, turning off Oued Laou Valley along road by Oued Tassikeste and up track at Hamada Village, 7 June 2005, S.L. Jury, M. Ait Lafkih, R. Brown, M.A. Carine, F.J. Rumsey 199 (RNG 44276). Stream upstream of the Akalii dam, 28 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks s.n. (RAB).</p> <p>Field records: —Seasonal stream near Oulmès, 1170 m, 28 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. River near Oulmès, 30 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Cupular pools in granite near Mante (Aguelmous), 1163 m altitude, 30 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Sidi Mrahe stream, 1043 m, 30 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Stream near Hotel des Thermes à Tarmilate (Oulmès), 28 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks. Stream Tna Ounahal, 1129 m altitude, 30 April 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4A8357512FFD156ED6690FEFEFB48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lansdown, Richard V.;Rhazi, Laila;Saber, Er-Riyahi;Madihi, Mohammed El;Grillas, Patrick	Lansdown, Richard V., Rhazi, Laila, Saber, Er-Riyahi, Madihi, Mohammed El, Grillas, Patrick (2022): The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae, Callitricheae) in Morocco. Phytotaxa 555 (1): 53-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4
03B4A8357515FFD356ED67A8FCF4FE85.text	03B4A8357515FFD356ED67A8FCF4FE85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callitriche truncata Gussone 1826	<div><p>9. Callitriche truncata Gussone (1826: 4)</p> <p>Type: —In stagnis Caabriae orientale prope Cotrone, April, Martio (without location).</p> <p>9a. Callitriche truncata subsp. occidentalis (Rouy 1910: 186) Schotsman (1986: 153)</p> <p>Type: — FRANCE. Manche. Vallée de la Taute à Carentan, fossé d’eau saumâtre, sur le fond de sable (dépôt marin), 31 May 1863. E. Lebel s.n. (P 03961335).</p> <p>Distribution: Callitriche truncata subsp. occidentalis occurs in coastal areas in Malta and from northern Syria along the north coast of the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, France, and Belgium to the Netherlands, where it appears to be spreading northwards (Lansdown 2008). In Morocco it has been confirmed from two coastal sites near Rabat, which represent the only two confirmed records of this subspecies from North Africa (Fig. 4D). It is also possible that it is spreading in the south of its range and that these represent recent colonisation.</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: —This subspecies typically occurs in seasonal coastal wetlands in the Mediterranean, but in ditches, lakes, and occasionally rivers further north. In Morocco it has been collected from a eutrophic drainage dyke in coastal cattle-grazed scrub with Chara von Linné (1753: 1156) sp., Lemna gibba, and Hydrodictyon reticulatum (von Linné 1753: 1165) Bory (1824: 506) (RNG 27366).</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche truncata subsp. occidentalis can be distinguished from all other Callitriche taxa recorded from Morocco by the combination of translucent leaves that are not connate at the base, and unwinged fruit with divergent mericarps.</p> <p>Illustrations: —Figures in Lansdown [2008: 24 (3b), 67].</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: In eutrophic drainage dyke in coastal cattle-grazed scrub with Chara sp., Lemna gibba, and Hydrodictyon, 42 km from Rabat along coast road to Mohammedia, Bouznika to Mohammedia, 10 m, 2 June 2002, S.L. Jury, M. Ait Lafikh, M.A. Carine and F.J. Rumsey 19506 (RNG 27366).</p> <p>9b. Callitriche truncata subsp. truncata</p> <p>Distribution: —The distribution of Callitriche truncata subsp. truncata is very poorly-known, due to the difficulty of confirming the identity of dried material (Lansdown et al. 2017). Good numbers of specimens have been confirmed from Sicily and Syria and it appears likely that it occurs on islands in the Mediterranean from the Levant throughout much of the region to Morocco. However, it is certainly under-recorded and more information is needed to confirm its distribution and conservation status (Fig. 4E).</p> <p>Habitat and ecology: —Most confirmed records of Callitriche truncata subsp. truncata are from seasonal pools, including cupular pools in limestone in Sicily. In Morocco it has been recorded from dayas, cupular pools on basalt, and the large seasonal pools of the Middle Atlas. It is generally considered to be an obligate submerged aquatic (e.g. Schotsman 1967) and in Morocco was mainly recorded with species that can be considered truly aquatic (48%). However, as the wetlands in which it occurs are seasonal it also occurred with species that may be considered typical of marginal or seasonal wetlands (48%) and a small number of terrestrial species (4%), and was found in a terrestrial form (see below). Typical associates were Alisma lanceolatum Withering (1796: 362), Callitriche mathezii, Chara sp., Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedwig 1801: 295) Warnstorf (1903: 400), Elatine macropoda, Eleocharis acicularis, E. palustris, Glyceria spicata, Groenlandia densa, Helosciadium repens, Juncus articulatus von Linné (1753: 327), J. heterophyllus, Lythrum portula, Myriophyllum spicatum von Linné (1753: 992), Nitella Agardh (1824: xxvii) sp., Potamogeton pusillus von Linné (1753: 127), P. trichoides Chamisso &amp; Schlechtendal (1827: 175), Ranunculus batrachoides, R. peltatus, Rorippa hayanica, Stuckenia pectinata (von Linné 1753: 127) Börner (1912: 713), and Zannichellia palustris. Elevation in Morocco: 1200—2000 m.</p> <p>Notes: — Callitriche truncata includes three subspecies: C. truncata subsp. fimbriata Schotsman (1967: 39) is distinguished by the wing of the fruit that degrades while still on the plant to leave a fine fringe of fibrils, the only other Callitriche showing this fimbriate fruit margin is the recently described C. ciliata Lansdown &amp; Hassemer (2021: 94). Callitriche truncata subsp. occidentalis is distinguished by the unwinged fruit and in C. truncata subsp. truncata the fruit are winged, but the wing remains entire while on the plant. Callitriche truncata subspp. occidentalis and truncata are easily distinguished from each other when fresh by the presence or absence of a wing on the fruit. However, confirmation of dried material of C. truncata subsp. truncata can be very difficult, because distortion of immature fruit during pressing can give the impression of a wing on the fruit of C. truncata subsp. occidentalis. Critical confirmation is dependent upon inspection of the internal structure of the wing cells, requiring destructive examination, which is not always possible or appropriate with herbarium specimens. Callitriche truncata subspp. fimbriata and truncata are very poorly known, with most information derived from a small number of herbarium specimens. Callitriche truncata subsp. fimbriata is known only from a small number of limans (large, seasonal steppic lakes) in the Astrakhan region of southern Russia (Lansdown 2008).</p> <p>Examination of material recorded as C. truncata subsp. truncata from the Jbel Hebri - Timahdite area in the Middle Atlas showed that the wing of some fruit remaining on the plant degraded, leaving a fringe of fibrils. It is not clear whether:</p> <p>• Callitriche truncata subspp. fimbriata and truncata are good taxa, but C. truncata subsp. fimbriata has a disjunct distribution with populations in southern Russia and in Morocco, similar to the distribution of other species, such as Marsilea strigosa and Damasonium alisma Miller (1768).</p> <p>• This character occurs in other populations identified as C. truncata subsp. truncata, bringing the validity of C. truncata subsp. fimbriata into question.</p> <p>This issue can only adequately be resolved by a combined morphological and molecular study of both C. truncata subsp. fimbriata and truncata from throughout their known range, including more detailed research into populations in the Middle Atlas. The plants recorded from the Middle Atlas are treated here as C. truncata subsp. truncata until their true identity can be confirmed.</p> <p>In contrast to statements made by Schotsman (1967), but as has been demonstrated to be the case with C. truncata subsp. occidentalis, plants of C. truncata subsp. truncata at Aguelmam Afennourir were found developing a stable terrestrial form, in which broad, opaque leaves with abundant stomata were developed by plants creeping over mats of filamentous algae.</p> <p>Recognition: — Callitriche truncata subsp. truncata can be distinguished from all other Callitriche taxa recorded from Morocco by the combination of leaves that are not connate at the base, and the fruit that are very narrowly winged.</p> <p>Illustrations: —Figures in Lansdown [2008: 24 (3a), 67].</p> <p>Specimens examined: — MOROCCO: Oulmès, daia, 1200 m, 8 May 1926, [Emberger?] s.n. (RAB 13816). Moyen Atlas, Daya sur basalte, 1500 m, 16 June 1936 [Emberger?] s.n. (RAB9665). Moyen Atlas, Petite daya près d’Ito, 16 June 1936 [Emberger?] s.n. (RAB 9635). Vasques et berges de l’Ighzan Ain-Biod près Sidi Otsmane, 25 June 1974, J. Mathez 7311 (RAB 47217). Seasonal lakes between Azrou and Timahdite (Jbel Hebri), 1928 m altitude, 2 May 2019, R.V. Lansdown, L. Rhazi, P. Grillas, M. El Madihi, J. Snoeks s.n. (RAB). Lac Afennourir, 1801 m altitude, 10 June 2019, R.V. Lansdown, N. Fetnassi, I. Mostakim s.n. (RAB).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4A8357515FFD356ED67A8FCF4FE85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lansdown, Richard V.;Rhazi, Laila;Saber, Er-Riyahi;Madihi, Mohammed El;Grillas, Patrick	Lansdown, Richard V., Rhazi, Laila, Saber, Er-Riyahi, Madihi, Mohammed El, Grillas, Patrick (2022): The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae, Callitricheae) in Morocco. Phytotaxa 555 (1): 53-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4
03B4A8357517FFD256ED66DAFA23FEE5.text	03B4A8357517FFD256ED66DAFA23FEE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callitriche von Linne 1753	<div><p>Key to Callitriche species in Morocco</p> <p>1. Fruit unwinged, outer edge of mericarps rounded..............................................................................................................................2</p> <p>- Fruit with an obvious wing.................................................................................................................................................................3</p> <p>2. Pollen and therefore anthers yellow; leaves connate, at least apical leaves with more than one vein....................6. C. obtusangula</p> <p>- Pollen translucent, anthers colourless sometimes appearing whitish; leaves not connate, no leaves with more than one vein...............................................................................................................................................................9a. C. truncata subsp. occidentalis</p> <p>3. Pollen translucent, anthers colourless and typically very difficult to locate......................................................................................4</p> <p>- Pollen and therefore anthers yellow, anthers usually obvious............................................................................................................7</p> <p>4. Leaves connate; styles reflexed with remains ultimately appressed to groove between mericarps of fruit; fruiting pedicel ≤ 12 mm; at least some upper leaves usually with more than one vein..............................................................................................................5</p> <p>- Leaves not connate; styles erect or spreading; fruiting pedicel ≤ 1 mm; all leaves with only one vein............................................6</p> <p>5. Fruit ± isodiametric; wing narrow, with smooth margin.......................................................................... 1a. C. brutia subsp. brutia</p> <p>- Fruit wider than long; wing broad, with irregular margin.................................................................. 1b. C. brutia subsp. naftolskyi</p> <p>6. Wing of fruit broad, as wide as ovule or nearly so......................................................................................................4. C. lusitanica</p> <p>- Wing of fruit very narrow, appearing as a rim around the mericarps............................................... 9b. C. truncata subsp. truncata</p> <p>7. Mature fruit blackish..........................................................................................................................................................................8</p> <p>- Mature fruit brownish or grey-brown.................................................................................................................................................9</p> <p>8. Fruit distinctly wider than long; filaments &lt;0.2 mm, anthers typically low in leaf axils and difficult to locate; plants monoecious with most leaf axils containing both ♂ and ♀ flowers.................................................................................................... 3. C. deflexa</p> <p>- Fruit ± isodiametric or slightly longer than wide; filaments erect &lt;3.5 mm and anthers typically held clear above floating or terrestrial leaves; plants dioecious or predominantly of one gender, flowers solitary.................................................. 5. C. mathezii</p> <p>9. Fruit &lt;1.4 mm wide, wider than long on pedicel ≤ 55 mm......................................................................................7. C. regis-jubae</p> <p>- Fruit ≥ 1.4 mm diameter, ± isodiametric, ± sessile..........................................................................................................................10</p> <p>10. Testa cribrose; larger leaves with ≤ 17 parallel veins.................................................................................................... 2. C. cribrosa</p> <p>- Testa in loops; largest leaves with no more than seven parallel veins......................................................................... 8. C. stagnalis</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B4A8357517FFD256ED66DAFA23FEE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lansdown, Richard V.;Rhazi, Laila;Saber, Er-Riyahi;Madihi, Mohammed El;Grillas, Patrick	Lansdown, Richard V., Rhazi, Laila, Saber, Er-Riyahi, Madihi, Mohammed El, Grillas, Patrick (2022): The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae, Callitricheae) in Morocco. Phytotaxa 555 (1): 53-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.4
