taxonID	type	description	language	source
8032D56EAC4FFFEA12C5D2AAC1DBFDAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (modified from Dueñas et al., 2014: 6). Colonies may be unbranched or more commonly branch from the internodes. The internodes are white, and can be smooth to regularly grooved externally, and hollow or solid in the older parts of the colony. The polyp body generally has eight longitudinal rows of spindles or needles that follow the alignment of the mesenteries; the distalmost needles usually project beyond the bases of the tentacles. Smaller sclerites, non-aligned, can be arranged longitudinally or obliquely on the polyp body. Coenenchyme sclerites can be present or absent.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC4FFFEA12C5D2AAC1DBFDAE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Keratoisis grayi Wright, 1869	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC4FFFEA12C5D2AAC1DBFDAE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The spelling of Keratoisis was changed to Ceratoisis by Verrill (1883) based on his transliteration from Greek. Ceratoisis was then used until Bayer (1956) reverted to the original. The genus currently includes 26 species (Cordeiro et al. 2022), with a wide range of morphologies. Consequently, determining consistent and robust diagnostic morphological characters for this genus is problematic and suggests revision is needed. Species attributed to the genus Keratoisis are spread throughout the cladogram of Watling et al. (2022), but the type species for the genus, K. grayi, is nested within clade D 2. Based on morphological analyses and supported by genetic evidence, two new species of Keratoisis were discovered in the Tasmanian material examined in this study (Fig. 2). A previously known species, K. magnifica, is not genetically related to the type species of Keratoisis, therefore a new genus is erected below to encompass that species and a mis-identified species of Lepidisis by Grant (1976).	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC49FFE612C5D644C075F85A.taxon	description	Figures 3 – 8	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC49FFE612C5D644C075F85A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: TMAG K 3832, The Finger, Tasman Fracture Zone, Tasmanian Seamounts, 10 January 2009, - 45.2949, 146.1144, 2423 m, 2.07 ° C bottom temp. Paratypes: TMAG K 3837, St. Helens, Tasmanian Seamounts, 01 January 2009, - 41.2395, 148.8221, 1286 m, 3.37 ° C bottom temp. TMAG K 3851, The Finger, Tasman Fracture Zone, Tasmanian Seamounts, 10 January 2009, - 45.3004, 146.1025, 2217 m, 2.14 ° C bottom temp. TMAG K 3850, St. Helens, Tasmanian Seamounts, 01 January 2009, - 41.2397, 148.8206, 1355 m, 3.07 ° C bottom temp. TMAG K 3836 and K 3848, Mongrel / South Hills, Tasmanian Seamounts, 21 December 2008, - 44.2933, 147.6333, 1123 m. TMAG K 3844, Tasman Fracture Zone, Tasmanian Seamounts, 09 January 2009, - 45.3697, 144.6031, 2727 m, 1.73 ° C bottom temp. TMAG K 3838, South Hills, Tasmanian Seamounts, 21 Dec 2008, - 44.2933, 147.6333, 1060 m, 4.15 ° C bottom temp.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC49FFE612C5D644C075F85A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony is bushy in appearance, branching irregularly at the internodes, occasionally with nodes at the origin of the branch. Secondary calcification occurs over most of the axis. Sclerites in the polyp body are needles or rods arranged obliquely, longitudinally, and occasionally horizontally at the base. Septal sclerites are arranged in groups or as single longitudinal needles.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC49FFE612C5D644C075F85A.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Branching pattern is irregular. Colony branches at the internodes, but a node might be present at the origin of the branch (Fig. 3 A). The axis is approximately 15 mm in diameter at the base of the colony, and decreases to 1 mm at the distal branches. The axis core is hollow, pin-sized throughout the entire colony, independent of the diameter of the axis. Internodes range from 32 to 59 mm in length. Polyps are located on all sides of the axis, separated by obvious coenenchyme tissue. Polyps are tall (~ 1 cm) and columnar, with a similar diameter throughout (Fig. 3 C, D). Sclerites in the polyp body are rods and needles, and may be straight or slightly curved, ranging in length from 0.55 to 4.0 mm. Sclerites are arranged obliquely and longitudinally throughout the polyp body, and occasionally horizontally at the base (Figure 3 C, D). Rods and needles have longitudinal grooves and tuberculate ends (Fig. 4 A). Scales are not present. Septal sclerites are needles arranged in groups or singly, perpendicular to the polyp axis, and flare outward slightly when tentacles are contracted. When contracted, tentacles fold slightly inward with tips touching, or fold over slightly toward the center of the polyp (Fig. 3 C). Tentacular sclerites are rods and flat rods, ranging from approximately 0.29 to 0.75 mm (Fig. 4 C). The larger rods are arranged longitudinally along the tentacles, decorated with grooves, and have rounded ends with numerous tubercles. The pinnules contain smaller flat rods, 0.10 to 0.15 mm, also decorated with longitudinal grooves and numerous tubercles. Sclerites of the pharynx are irregularly toothed rods, with a heavily textured surface decorated with longitudinal grooves and multiple tubercles (Fig. 4 D). Lateral teeth may be gently rounded or triangular. Pharyngeal sclerites range in length from approximately 0.07 to 0.10 mm, and two sclerites may occasionally be fused together. Sclerites in the form of rods, similar in size and shape to sclerites in the polyp body, are sparsely and irregularly arranged throughout the coenenchyme (Fig. 4 B). Variation of paratypes. All specimens examined and designated as paratypes had genetically identical sequences for the gene mtMutS. Axis internodes vary significantly in length, both within and between the specimens collected. Internodes are most frequently between 30 and 50 mm in length, but there is great variation in distance between nodes, ranging from 18 to 70 mm. In specimen TMAG K 3851, several portions of the axis form anastomoses. Needle sclerites in the polyp body and coenenchyme are often straight, but most of the specimens collected commonly have curved sclerites in these areas (Fig. 5). In TMAG K 3837, flat rods were also found irregularly arranged in the coenenchyme, similar in shape and decoration to the flat rods in the tentacles, but slightly larger (Fig. 6). Tentacular sclerites always consist of rods and flat rods, although the larger rods may vary slightly in shape (Fig. 7). Some may have a pronounced club appearance, while others may be wider in the middle than at the ends. Specimens TMAG K 3848, TMAG K 3850 and TMAG K 3844 have pharyngeal sclerites similar in size and shape to the other specimens collected, but with several very sharp extensions protruding from the sclerites (Fig. 8).	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC49FFE612C5D644C075F85A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name based on the Latin adjective fruticosum, = bushy or shrubby, a reference to the general appearance of the colony.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC49FFE612C5D644C075F85A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is unique in the genus Keratoisis as the branching pattern is highly variable, with branches at the internodes, but with nodes at the origin of some of the branches. Interestingly, that mode of branching was also illustrated for K. grayi by Bayer (1956). This species also demonstrates high variability in the sclerite shape, in particular in the body and coenenchyme. Various invertebrates tend to be associated with this species. An anemone was growing on one of the branches of TMAG K 3837 and was included in the specimen collection. TMAG K 3850 was collected growing on the dead skeleton of a scleractinian coral, Solenosmilia variabilis.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC44FFE512C5D4B8C018FE1A.taxon	description	Figures 9, 10	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC44FFE512C5D4B8C018FE1A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: The Finger, Tasman Fracture Zone, Tasmanian Seamounts, TMAG K 3847, collected on 10 January 2009, - 45.2958, 146.1144, 2898 m, 1.877 ° C bottom temp.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC44FFE512C5D4B8C018FE1A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony bushy and with multiple thin branches. Colony branches at the internodes, occasionally in a tripartite manner. Sclerites in the polyp body and coenenchyme are needles and rods, with a slight constriction, usually midway along the length, although the location may vary. Pharyngeal sclerites are toothed rods, significantly longer than wide, with several jagged calcium carbonate crystal extensions.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC44FFE512C5D4B8C018FE1A.taxon	description	Description. Colony is bushy in appearance with branching originating at the internodes (Fig. 9 A, B). Branches occasionally originating at a tripartite junction. The axis ranges from 7 mm in diameter at the base of the colony to 1 mm along the distal branches. The axis is solid in the larger branches, with a pin-size hollow core in the thinner, distal branches. Secondary calcification occurs over several of the nodes, especially at the base of the colony. The distance between nodes is variable, ranging from 15 to 50 mm. Polyps are located on all sides of the axis, with large spacing among polyps. Polyps are tall, columnar, approximately 5 mm in length (Fig. 9 C, D). Sclerites in the polyp body are rods, pointed rods, and needles, ranging in length from approximately 0.35 to 3.0 mm (Fig. 10 A). Sclerites are arranged obliquely and horizontally at the base of the polyp, but longitudinally along one side of the polyp and surrounding the tentacles (Fig. 9 C, D). Sclerites have a slight constriction that usually occurs midway, but may be located anywhere along the length of the sclerite (Fig. 10 A). Rods and needles have longitudinal grooves and numerous tubercles on the ends. Scales are not present. Septal sclerites consist of eight individual or coupled protruding pointed rods, and may flare outward slightly when tentacles are contracted. When contracted, tentacles fold slightly inward with tips touching (Fig. 9 D). Sclerites are arranged mostly longitudinally throughout the coenenchyme, with some arranged obliquely, similar in size to the sclerites in the polyp body, but with a tendency to be more pointed and slender (Fig. 10 B). Tentacular sclerites are rods and flat rods, ranging from approximately 0.08 to 0.7 mm (Fig. 10 C). The larger rods are arranged longitudinally along the aboral side of the tentacles, while the smaller rods are arranged horizontally from the tentacle base and into the pinnules. Sclerites of the pharynx are irregular toothed rods, with a heavily textured surface composed of grooves and protuberances. Pharyngeal sclerites are significantly longer than they are wide and range in length from approximately 0.07 to 0.09 mm (Fig. 10 D). Two pharyngeal sclerites are frequently fused together. Lateral teeth may be gently rounded or triangular. Many sharp calcium carbonate crystal extensions protrude from the sclerite teeth.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC44FFE512C5D4B8C018FE1A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is based on the Latin adjective ramosis, = branchy, a reference to the many thin branches that comprise the colony.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC44FFE512C5D4B8C018FE1A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The shape of the sclerites in the polyp body, coenenchyme, and pharynx of K. ramosa are unique within the genus. Rods and needles in the polyp body and coenenchyme have a distinctive constriction, usually midway along the lengthy of the sclerite. The conspicuous extensions of calcium carbonate on the pharyngeal sclerites has not been observed in any other species of Keratoisididae. The mtMutS sequence of this species differs from that of K. fruticosa only at the 5 ’ end of the gene.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC46FFE512C5D5D1C173FC7E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Axis internodes solid and massive near the colony base, nearly as wide as long becoming longer on the upper branches, side branches gently curving, occasionally with proximal node; polyps densely arranged with only a thin layer of coenenchyme, polyp body low and conical or tall and cylindrical, with needle or long rod sclerites more or less grouped longitudinally at the mesenterial insertions.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC46FFE512C5D5D1C173FC7E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Keratoisis magnifica Dueñas, Alderslade & Sánchez, 2014	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC46FFE512C5D5D1C173FC7E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The genus name is derived from Gr. onkos = bulk, mass + isis the stem group name.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC46FFE512C5D5D1C173FC7E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This genus characterizes clade H 1 of Watling et al. (2022) (Fig. 2). It has moderate support and is separated from the well-supported clade in which the type species of Keratoisis, K. grayi, resides. Morphologically, the shape and design of the polyp and arrangement of the sclerites differs considerably from that of K. grayi, which supports the erection of a separate genus for this species. Included Species. O. magnifica (Dueñas et al. 2014), O. solitaria (Grant, 1976).	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC46FFE512C5D035C76DF92E.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. TMAG K 3835, Mongrel / Huon, Tasmanian Seamounts, collected on 26 December 2008, - 44.251, 147.115, 995 m. TMAG K 3830, Tasmanian Seamounts, collected on 25 December 2008, - 44.254, 147.115. TMAG K 3831, The Finger, Tasmanian Seamounts, collected on 27 December 2008, - 44.389, 147.273, 1701 m. TMAG K 3846, Mongrel / Huon, Tasmanian Seamounts, collected on 24 December 2008, - 44.251, 147.115.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC46FFE512C5D035C76DF92E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony composed of several short and curved side branches with short internodes, densely arranged polyps that are conical to cylindrical, and a thick, tough, possibly collagenous layer covering the coenenchyme (Dueñas, Alderslade, and Sanchez, 2014).	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC46FFE512C5D035C76DF92E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimens collected from Tasmania displayed the morphological characters previously described for the species (Fig. 11 A – C). The rods in the polyps in the Tasmanian material are larger on one side of the polyp body than the other, and nodes are thick on one side of the axis and thin on the other. The colony branches at the internodes with occasional proximal nodes on the branches. Polyps on the younger branches are densely packed and embedded in the coenenchyme, while polyps at the older base of the colony are spaced out, separated by a thin coenenchyme. The polyps and coenenchyme are covered with a collagenous tunic in which are embedded numerous small calcareous nodules (Fig. 11 B, C).	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC46FFE212C5D2C5C49EFEAA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Grant (1976) attributed this species to the genus Lepidisis on the basis of the polyp body being covered with scales, a feature that he accepted as defining the genus. Watling & France (2021), however, showed that the original diagnosis of the genus Lepidisis as having the polyp body covered in scales was in error and that most species assigned to Lepidisis needed to be reassigned to other genera. While the polyp morphology of L. solitaria has not been re-examined in detail, genetic data shows the type specimen to be nested within the clade H 1, sister to O. magnifica (Watling et al. 2022). The covering of the proximal half or so of the polyp body in a layer of scales can be seen in Figs. 11 D, E.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC41FFE212C5D11AC4D5F8FF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony varies from unbranched whip to branched fans with a thick and robust axis. Polyps are densely arranged along the axis, with little coenenchyme between them. Polyps usually have a thick epidermal layer supported by collagen fibers. Sclerites in the distal portion of the polyp body are all or predominantly needles or rods with a distinctly septal arrangement. The basal part of the polyp body and coenenchyme may contain numerous scales or may be devoid of sclerites. Pharyngeal sclerites are wide, thorny rods, often with acute teeth.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC41FFE212C5D11AC4D5F8FF.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Adinisis thresheri n. sp.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC41FFE212C5D11AC4D5F8FF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of this genus is based on the Greek adinos = meaning thick, dense, crowded, in reference to the very dense arrangement of polyps along the axis + isis, the stem name of the group.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC41FFE212C5D11AC4D5F8FF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Adinisis is characterized by the thick and robust axis densely covered with generally tall polyps. This genus characterizes most of clade B 1 of Watling et al. (2022) (Fig. 2), whose colony form is generally unbranched tall and curly whips, but also includes a small subclade of undescribed fan-like colonies with unusual polyps found off the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Those specimens and a large number of other species attributable to this genus will be described in a future paper.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC40FFE312C5D4B8C43DFA52.taxon	description	Figure 12	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC40FFE312C5D4B8C43DFA52.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: The Knob, Tasman Fracture Zone, Tasmanian Seamounts, TMAG K 3843, collected on 12 January 2009, - 45.1428, 145.9840, 1645 m, 2.56 ° C bottom temp. Paratypes: TMAG K 3853, The Knob, Tasmanian Seamounts, collected on 12 January 2009, - 45.1368, 145.9776, 1813 m. TMAG K 3839, Cascade Plateau, Tasmanian Seamounts, collected on 04 January 2009, - 44.0771, 150.3334, 2009 m, 2.34 ° C bottom temp.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC40FFE312C5D4B8C43DFA52.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony unbranched, with bends and curves in the axis. Polyps are tall, with numerous scales and long septal sclerites in the form of sharp needles. Scales are more abundant in the basal part of the polyp body, where needles are absent.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC40FFE312C5D4B8C43DFA52.taxon	description	Description of Holotype. Colony unbranched, with bends and curves in the axis (Fig. 12 A, B). The axis is approximately 5 mm in diameter, smooth, with a hollow core occupying roughly 80 % of the diameter of the axis. Internodes range from 20 to 80 mm in length. Polyps are located on all sides of the axis, densely arranged, with small amounts of coenenchyme between polyps. Polyps are tall, columnar, up to 10 mm in height and approximately three times as long as wide, and may be divided into two sections approximately halfway along the length (Fig. 12 C). The basal section of the polyp body is wider than the distal part, and bears sclerites in the form of numerous small scales and some small rods, arranged randomly. Large needles are found only between the tentacles. These septally-arranged large individual protruding needles (Fig. 12 D) may flare outward slightly when the tentacles are contracted (Fig. 12 C). Smaller needles are arranged between the eight intertentacular sclerites. Sclerites of the coenenchyme, in the form of small scales, similar to the scales found at the base of the polyp body (Fig. 12 E) are loosely and irregularly arranged. Coenenchyme scales were observed ranging in length from 0.12 to 0.27 mm. When contracted, tentacles fold slightly inward with tips touching. Sclerites of the tentacles are flat rods, with a heavily textured surface (Fig. 12 F), ranging in length from 0.059 to 0.225 mm, and may frequently be fused. Sclerites are densely packed throughout the tentacles and are randomly arranged horizontally, diagonally, and longitudinally. Sclerites of the pharynx are “ hedgehogs ”, with a heavily textured surface composed of irregular teeth and numerous protuberances (Fig. 12 G). They are approximately 0.06 mm in length and 0.02 mm in width at their center. Variation of Paratypes. Needle sclerites in the distal portion of the polyp body, surrounding the tentacles, may frequently be forked or fused. In addition to the numerous scales found in the coenenchyme, small rods, up to approximately 0.3 mm, may also be present. Scales may be irregularly shaped, but usually taper midway along their length. Sclerites in the pharynx may be as large as 0.075 mm.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC40FFE312C5D4B8C43DFA52.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Ronald E. Thresher, the co-chief scientist of the cruise in recognition of his many contributions to our understanding of seamount communities.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC40FFE312C5D4B8C43DFA52.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Adinisis thresheri is characterized by the long polyps and the presence of numerous small scales and needles at the base of the polyp and throughout the coenenchyme. Large needles are only present surrounding the tentacles.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC42FFFE12C5D4B8C7CCFBCB.taxon	description	Figure 13	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC42FFFE12C5D4B8C7CCFBCB.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: St Helens, Tasmanian Seamounts, TMAG K 3841, collected on 31 December 2008, - 41.3347, 148.6669, 729 - 1109 m. Paratypes: TMAG K 3840, Cascade Plateau, Tasmanian Seamounts, collected on 04 January 2009, - 43.8278, 150.4327, 1061 m, 4.8 ° C bottom temp. TMAG K 3855, Cascade Plateau, Tasmanian Seamounts, collected on 04 January 2009, - 43.8273, 150.4325, 1089 m, 4.8 ° C bottom temp. TMAG K 1350, Dory Hill, Tasmanian Seamounts, collected on 29 January 1997, - 41.3333, 147.11, 1000 m. TMAG (pending), Tasman 1200, Tasmanian Seamounts, collected on 06 April 2007, - 44.2012, 146.1992, 1050 - 1230 m.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC42FFFE12C5D4B8C7CCFBCB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony is a slightly curved whip, unbranched or with a single distal branch. Polyps are very tall, with eight long septal sclerites in the form of sharp needles that extend past the base of the tentacles. Sclerites throughout the body are smaller needles and rods, all arranged longitudinally along the polyp. Sclerites in the coenenchyme are scales and small rods.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC42FFFE12C5D4B8C7CCFBCB.taxon	description	Description of Holotype. Colony unbranched, with many bends and curves in the axis (Fig. 13 A, B). A small fraction of the colony, 82 cm in axis length, was collected. Distance between nodes is usually between 40 and 50 mm, although internodes were measured ranging from 10 to 55 mm. Polyps are located on all sides of the axis, with small amount of coenenchyme between polyps. Polyps are tall, approximately 10 - 15 mm and at least three times as long as wide. Polyps may be columnar or slightly curved (Fig. 13 C). Eight long septally-arranged sclerites, 2.1 to 2.6 mm, in the form of sharp needles protrude between the tentacles, and may flare outward slightly when tentacles are contracted (Fig. 13 C). Sclerites throughout the polyp body are needles and rods, approximately 1.4 mm, shorter in length than the intertentacular sclerites and all arranged longitudinally (Fig. 13 D). Coenenchyme sclerites are small rods and scales irregularly arranged loosely throughout the tissue (Figure 13 E). Scales were observed ranging in length from 0.14 to 0.20 mm, and rods up to 0.52 mm. When contracted, tentacles fold slightly inward with tips touching. Sclerites of the tentacles are rods and flat rods (Fig. 13 F). Flat rods range significantly in size, from 0.06 to 0.21 mm, while larger rods range from 0.25 to 0.41 mm. Sclerites of the pharynx are “ hedgehogs ”, with a heavily textured surface composed of irregular teeth and numerous protuberances (Fig. 13 G). Pharyngeal sclerites range from 0.04 to 0.06 mm in length, and may be fused. Variation of Paratypes. The coenenchyme may contain needles, small needles and rods, as well as scales. Needles in the body may be slightly curved or straight, and cover a broad range of sizes.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC42FFFE12C5D4B8C7CCFBCB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of Jess Adkins, co-chief scientist of the cruise and for his many contributions to our understanding of palaeoceanographic conditions of deep waters in the Atlantic and Pacific, particularly during the past ice age.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC42FFFE12C5D4B8C7CCFBCB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Adinisis adkinsi is similar to A. thresheri in that both species have an unbranched, squiggly axis, very tall polyps, intertentacular needles that extend beyond the bases of the tentacles, and numerous scales and small needles in the coenenchyme. However, A. adkinsi contains many rods and needles throughout the polyp body all arranged longitudinally, while A. thresheri contains needles only in the distal portion of the polyp and has numerous scales rather than rods or needles in the basal portion.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5DFFFE12C5D0E0C111F92F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony a curved, unbranched whip. Polyps contain eight long, individual tentacular needles that form a distinctive V-shape surrounding the tentacles, with very few sclerites in the polyp basal section. The axis is covered by a thick coenenchyme. The polyp body consists of two parts, which may be separated by a conspicuous bend in the body midway along the length. The tentacles contain long, thin rods, and sclerites of the pharynx are elongated.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5DFFFE12C5D0E0C111F92F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Tanyostea wolverini new species, by monotypy	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5DFFFE12C5D0E0C111F92F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The segmented polyp body, bending abaxially, and the V-shaped arrangement of intertentacular sclerites are unique characters attributed to this genus. As noted by Watling et al. (2022) unbranched colonies occur in several clades of the Keratoisididae. This new genus, Tanyostea, is representative of clade C 1 (Fig. 2), all the known members of which are characterized by having unbranched colonies.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5DFFFE12C5D0E0C111F92F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The genus name is based on the Greek adjective tany = long, and the noun osteon = bone, a reference to the long internodes of the axial skeleton that characterize the type species.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5DFFFC12C5D2C4C4F3FD46.taxon	description	Figure 14	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5DFFFC12C5D2C4C4F3FD46.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: Mongrel / South Hills, Tasmanian Seamounts, TMAG K 3852, collected on 21 December 2008, - 44.2437, 147.1222, 1180 m, 3.65 ° C bottom temp.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5DFFFC12C5D2C4C4F3FD46.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. With the characters of the genus.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5DFFFC12C5D2C4C4F3FD46.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Colony unbranched with several bends in the axis (Fig. 14 A, B). The axis is smooth, approximately 6 mm in diameter at the base and 2 mm distally, in the younger portions of the colony, and covered in a thick coenenchyme. The axis contains a hollow core that comprises a large percentage of the axis diameter in the younger portion of the colony but very little in the oldest section. Nodes are 3 - 4 mm, separated by 4 - 13 cm long internodes. Polyps are located on all sides of the axis, with moderate amounts of coenenchyme between the polyps. Polyps are tall and columnar, approximately 5 to 7 mm in length and 3 mm in width (Fig. 14 C). The polyp body consists of two sections, which may be separated by a conspicuous bend in the body (Fig. 14 C). Septal sclerites consist of long individually protruding needles that extend beyond the tentacle bases, and may flare outward slightly when the tentacles are contracted. Abaxial septal sclerites form a distinct V-shape protecting the tentacles (Figure 14 C), adaxial septal sclerites are much shorter and extend only slightly beyond the tentacle bases. Sclerites at the base of the polyp body are arranged longitudinally and obliquely, and occasionally horizontally. Needles are typically slightly curved and range in length from 0.9 mm to 4.0 mm (Fig. 14 E). The coenenchyme is mainly devoid of sclerites, although occasional rods of various sizes may be found. Rods have a heavily textured surface, and were measured ranging from 0.1 to 0.29 mm in length (Fig. 14 D). Scales are not present. When contracted, the tentacles fold slightly inward with the tips touching. Sclerites of the tentacles are rods and flat rods, with longitudinal grooves (Fig. 14 F). Larger rods ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 mm in length are arranged longitudinally along the aboral side of the tentacle, while smaller flat rods approximately 0.1 mm in length are in the pinnules. Rods and flat rods may be curved, and several flat rods were found with a slight S-shaped curvature. Sclerites of the pharynx have a very distinctive appearance, one end often long and narrow, rounded, and abruptly widening in the mid-section, with a heavily textured surface composed of irregular teeth and numerous protuberances (Fig. 14 G). Pharyngeal sclerites range from 0.072 to 0.137 mm in length.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5DFFFC12C5D2C4C4F3FD46.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honor of Wolverine, a Marvel Comics superhero. The long, sharp sclerites protruding between the tentacles bases on the abaxial side of the polyp superficially resemble Wolverine’s bladed claws.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5DFFFC12C5D2C4C4F3FD46.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The form of the polyp is unusual in that it is reminiscent of the adaxial curved polyps found in some members of the Mopseidae.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5FFFFC12C5D718C79AFBC5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony unbranched or rarely with a branch at the node. The axis is large and thick throughout the colony. The polyp body and tentacles contain short, blunt rods, with no septal needles, and the pharynx contains very few sclerites. The coenenchyme contains elongated, flat rods.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5FFFFC12C5D718C79AFBC5.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Dokidisis australis new species, by monotypy	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5FFFFC12C5D718C79AFBC5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. See below.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5FFFFC12C5D718C79AFBC5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The genus name is based on the Greek noun dokidos = small beam or rod, a reference to the shape of the sclerites in the polyp body and tentacles.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5FFFFA12C5D0ECC40EFEAA.taxon	description	Figure 15	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5FFFFA12C5D0ECC40EFEAA.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: Tasman Fracture Zone, Outer Wall, Tasmanian Seamounts, TMAG K 3834, collected on 08 January 2009, - 45.3742, 144.5933, 3256 m, 1.35 ° C bottom temp.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5FFFFA12C5D0ECC40EFEAA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. With the characters of the genus.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5FFFFA12C5D0ECC40EFEAA.taxon	description	Description of Holotype. Colony unbranched or forks once at the node, with a thick and robust axis (Fig. 15 A, B). Only a portion of the colony was collected. The axis contains numerous longitudinal grooves and is 15 mm diameter at the basal section and 9 mm diameter in the distalmost portion of the colony. The hollow core is less than 1 mm in diameter at the base and increases slightly in diameter as the colony grows, reaching about 1 mm distally. Polyps are sparsely scattered on all sides of the axis, with large areas of thin coenenchyme between polyps. Sclerites in the polyp body are blunt rods, arranged longitudinally and obliquely (Fig. 15 C). Rods may be slightly curved, club-shaped, and vary in width (Fig. 15 D). Needles and scales are not present in the polyp body. Sclerites are sparsely and irregularly arranged throughout the coenenchyme in the form of flat rods, ranging in length from 0.14 to 0.26 mm (Fig. 15 E). Small flat rods, similar to those in the coenenchyme, may be sparsely arranged at the base of the polyp body as well. Scales are not present in the coenenchyme. Sclerites similar in shape to those in the polyp body but slightly smaller in size are arranged longitudinally along the aboral side (rachis) of the tentacles. Flat rods are arranged along the pinnules, perpendicular to the tentacle. Flat rods are decorated with numerous tubercles and longitudinal grooves (Fig. 15 F). Sclerites are very sparse in the pharynx, and several polyps had to be examined before any sclerites were found. The polyp pharynx lacks sclerites in the form of thorny rods or double stars. The two sclerites found in the pharynx were measured at 0.09 and 0.11 mm in length, with several longitudinal grooves and irregular borders (Fig. 15 G). It is possible that the sclerites found in the pharynx may be contaminants produced during dissection.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5FFFFA12C5D0ECC40EFEAA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is based on the Latin adjective australis = southern, a reference to the southern hemisphere where the specimen was collected.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
8032D56EAC5FFFFA12C5D0ECC40EFEAA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dokidisis australis is similar to Jasonisis thresheri, a new genus and species recently described from Tasmania (Alderslade and McFadden, 2012), in that both species branch at the node and lack intertentacular needles and pharyngeal sclerites in the form of thorny rods or double stars. However, unlike J. thresheri, D. australis is not covered by a thick tegument and the blunt rods in the polyp body differ significantly from the densely-packed scales in Jasonisis. Besides the lack of pharyngeal sclerites, we could not determine a set of specific characters that would include D. australis in the genus Jasonisis, even though the two species are in the same large J clade (see Watling et al. 2022) (Fig. 2). That clade has many morphologically diverse specimens within it and we suspect that with increased sampling the relationships of the several forms will become clear.	en	Lapointe, Abby, Watling, Les (2022): Towards a revision of the bamboo corals (Octocorallia): Part 5, new genera and species of Keratoisididae from the Tasmanian deep sea. Zootaxa 5168 (2): 137-157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.3
