taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C0C519CF31615DD4A288D448A4F827.taxon	discussion	The resulting data were analyzed using TNT, versión 1.1 (Goloboff et al. 2003; 2008). All characters were performed in no particular order and unweighted, using the exhaustive search option. Characters for an unknown or missing state were keyed as “? ”. Phylogenetically uninformative characters (autapomorphies) were included as they are useful in diagnosing taxa. The two measurements of fit used in this study, consistency index CI (Kluge & Farris 1969) and retention index RI (Farris 1989), are here assumed to work as adequate statistics for calculation of the phylogenetic signal in the target characters and for the description of homoplasy and synapomorphy levels. Character mapping on the consensus tree was performed with the software Winclada (Nixon 1999), which allowed to spot the different levels of character arrangement and their support regarding synapomorphies and homoplasy. Bremer (1994) and Bootstrap (Felsenstein 1985) statistics were also taken into account with 100 replications under the TBR parameter, to compare and pinpoint the arrangement and relationships of the branches as a whole, in addition to the consistency and robustness of the group extracted from the phylogenetic analyses. Bremer values are shown above each clade and bootstrap values under the consensus tree. Character optimization. The evolutionary tendencies of the tribe Dysoniini were analyzed, regarding camouflage and ambulatory behavior, and how these appeared in the evolutionary history of the group, focusing on the phylogenetic data shown on the tree. By locating the synapomorphies derived from ecological characters, it was determined how they could have influenced the diversification of the studied taxa. The tree with all mapped characters is provided, along with the directionality in which the character states vary regarding their basal condition. Analyzed characters were mapped and optimized with the software Winclada (Nixon 1999), under the Unambiguous, Fast and Slow assumptions, based on the cladogram resulting from the phylogenetic analysis, by analyzing how many times the studied characters arose independently. Monophyletic groups showing the studied characters were identified, contrasting them with sister groups lacking the evolutionary novelty, and comparing the degree of diversification of the monophyletic groups against their sister clades regarding the optimized characters. Maps and distributional data. The maps were elaborated with SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010). Data of the maps was compiled from the studied specimens as well as from literature data, the latter corroborated through verification of the aforementioned collections, in order to exclude erroneous or dubious data. Based on literature data and the examined specimens, a checklist is provided, including updated distribution data and status of all taxa according to the classification proposed here (Appendix 3). Biogeographical analysis. A dispersal-vicariance analysis (Ronquist 1997) was performed to assess the possible biogeographical patterns of ancestral distribution for the Neotropical region. Based on the distribution of Dysoniini genera and recent contributions on biogeographical regionalization (Morrone 2001, 2014), was conducted an analysis using the following broad biogeographical units according to Chaves et al. (2013) and modified from Upham & Patterson (2012) and Condamine et al. (2012): A. Middle America, B. West Andes-Chocó, C. Andes, D. Amazonia, E. Chaco, F. Brazilian Shield, G. Guiana Shield. These areas represent ecological regions known to reflect historical geological patterns (Olson et al. 2001). The cladogram of areas, where each terminal taxon is replaced for the area it inhabits, was analyzed using the program RASP 4.0 beta (Yu et al. 2010, 2015). This program compiles DIVA with the methods of Nylander et al. (2008) and Harris & Xiang (2009), by which statistical support can be provided for the reconstruction of the ancestral area of each clade (‘ S-Diva’ value); besides, this tool complements DIVA v. 1.2 (Ronquist 1996) which applies an exact search according to the dispersal-vicariance optimization as proposed by Ronquist (1997).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF2E6142D4A28B254EBAFC72.taxon	synonymic_list	Quiva Hebard, 1926 Yungasacris Rehn, 1950 Alexanderellus Cadena-Castañeda n. gen. Dissonulichen Cadena-Castañeda, 2011 n. stat.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF2E6142D4A28B254EBAFC72.taxon	synonymic_list	Dysonia White, 1862 Lichenomorphus Cadena-Castañeda, 2011 Lichenodentix Cadena-Castañeda, 2011	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF2E6142D4A28B254EBAFC72.taxon	synonymic_list	Paraphidnia Giglio-Tos, 1898 Anaphidna Gorochov & Cadena-Castañeda, 2012	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF2E6142D4A289BD4EF5FE82.taxon	synonymic_list	Hammatofera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF2E6142D4A288294E5DFD86.taxon	synonymic_list	Markia White, 1862 Machima Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Machimoides Rehn, 1950 Apolinaria Rehn, 1950 Lichenodraculus Braun, 2011	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF2E6144D4A28D5D4F82FEFB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (25 – 65 mm). Eyes globose, distance of the antennal sockets not greater than the width of the scapus. Vertex elevated in diverse shapes, from a slightly raised tubercle or crest to long spines. Fastigium with a developed ventral tooth, ocellar tubercle present and only slightly or well developed. Pronotal disc also with various modifications (like spines, expansions, denticulations). Tegmina narrow or moderately widened, Rs vein originating at the middle of R, MA vein prolonged to the middle of the tegmina and then turning into the anal margin. Anterior coxae dorsally armed with a fronto-basal spine; tympana exposed on both sides of the fore tibiae; leg spines lamellate, developed as spinule or long, pointed spines. Genicular lobes of fore and middle femora are usually armed with a spine (in Quiva armed with two small spines). Meso- and metasternum never longer than wide, meso- and metafurcal furrow narrow and usually rounded. Tenth tergite unmodified; male cerci forked, usually divided in the horizontal plane (except Apolinaria, where the both branches are directed dorsally); male subgenital plate unmodified (except for Lichenomorphus, where it is elongated and very flexible), and styli developed to different degrees. Ovipositor of females varying in shape, from as long as the pronotum, curved and broadened, to long and slender, surpassing the length of the pronotum.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF2E6144D4A28D5D4F82FEFB.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Dysonia White, 1862.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF2E6144D4A28D5D4F82FEFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Neotropical, from northeastern Mexico to northern Argentina (Maps 1 – 19).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF2E6144D4A28D5D4F82FEFB.taxon	discussion	Comments: Recently, Gorochov (2014, 2016) considered Trachyzulpha Dohrn, 1892, a genus from Southeast Asia, to be a member of Dysoniini, placing it in its own subtribe Trachyzulphina. The supposed justification being the shared lichen mimicry. However, this type of mimicry has arisen several times in the subfamily Phaneropterinae, and also in other katydids like Lichenagraecia Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2012 from Australia (Conocephalinae: Armadillagraeciini) as well as several groups of the family Pseudophyllinae, and even in Caelifera such as pygmy grasshoppers of the genera Amorphopus Serville, 1838 and Eomorphopus Hancock, 1907 from the Amazon (Cadena-Castañeda et al. 2019 a, 2019 b). An adaptation to a particular type of environment or microhabitat is not necessarily associated with a particular taxonomic group. Therefore, the Trachyzulphini n. stat. are here elevated to a separate tribe of the Phaneropterinae, based on the original diagnosis (Gorochov 2014). Moreover, Gorochov (2016) proposed to reduce Pycnopalpini to a subtribe of Dysoniini, arguing that the posteromedial denticle or spine on the upper rostral tubercle is also present in some representatives of that group. However, Pycnopalpini + Dysoniini do not belong to a monophyletic group according to the most comprehensive phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Mugleston et al. 2018). The Pycnopalpini are considered a tribe with two subtribes, Pycopalpina and Theiina (Cadena-Castañeda 2014 a, Cigliano et al. 2022). Figures 11 – 14 present a pictorial key for the identification of genera.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF256148D4A28F894CB0FA5F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized (total length 50 – 55 mm) and slender (Fig. 15 A). Head ovoid in frontal view, vertex compressed and acuminate (Fig. 15 B), antennae with groups of setae along the flagellum (Figs. 15 C – D). Pronotum smooth and unmodified (Figs. 15 C – D), margin of lateral lobes rounded and slightly thickened (Fig. 15 D). Tegmina lanceolate, about five times as long as wide. MA vein extending along for two thirds of the tegmen length (Fig. 15 A). Hind femora armed with small triangular spines on the ventral margin. Male cerci robust and forked, gripper in shape (Fig. 15 E). Ovipositor twice as long as the pronotum, sharply upcurved, with rounded tip.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF256148D4A28F894CB0FA5F.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Hammatofera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF256148D4A28F894CB0FA5F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil: Atlantic coast, Atlantic Forest of the Caatinga biogeographic province, Paraná forests and Araucaria angustifolia forest (according to the classification by Morrone 2001), Bahia to Santa Catarina (Map 1).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF256148D4A28F894CB0FA5F.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is a unique member of the Dysoniini distinguished by phyllomorphic camouflage. The general habitus of Hammatofera, along with ovipositor shape in females, resembles in appearance members of Markiina n. subtrib. The main difference is the lack of lichen camouflage shown by that subtribe: no pale coloration, nor modifications of vertex or pronotum, and absence of long spines on femora, genicular lobes, and tibiae. Based on comparison with new specimens, H. brasiliensis Piza, 1980 n. syn., is found to be the same species as H. nodicornis (Burmeister, 1838). Male cerci and subgenital plate are similar, and shape of ovipositor and female subgenital plate present at most intraspecific variation. Therefore, Hammatofera remains monotypic, and this subtribe so far comprises a single species. Subtribe Markiina Cadena-Castañeda n. subtrib.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF256148D4A28F894CB0FA5F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (30 – 65 mm), slender insects, background coloration dark green, with bright greenish white or yellowish green filamentous markings all over the body, general appearance usually whitish and often spiny. Head longer than wide in frontal view; vertex elevated as a cone or a spine (in Machima only weakly elevated); antennae filiform, unmodified. Pronotum smooth, with stripes that in some groups vary according to species, anterior and posterior margin of the pronotal disc with a spine or without (both spines are present in all species of Markia as well as Lichenodraculus holgeri, L. matti has only one spine on the anterior margin), rarely with an laterally expanded metazona (only Apolinaria). At rest tegmina with costal margin broadly curved upward throughout the entire length, and the anal margin being almost straight or slightly concave, with the apex curved upward (giving an overall undulate appearance), tip broadly truncate. The anal margin has pyramidal, sclerotized sensilla. Genicular lobes with a well-developed and usually long spine, spines of femora and tibiae elongated and pointed. Hind margin of abdominal tergites with spines. Male cerci variable in shape, external branch usually as long as inner branch or only slightly longer (the species of Machima are special in presenting a very long and thin external branch, with the internal branch reduced to a small spine). Subgenital plate unmodified. Ovipositor twice as long as the pronotum or a little longer, valves only a little broadened and slightly serrulate, curving upward; female cerci thin and moderately elongated (in some Lichenodraculus females almost as long as the ovipositor).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF256148D4A28F894CB0FA5F.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Markia White, 1862.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF256148D4A28F894CB0FA5F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. From the southwest of Mexico to southern Brazil. Most species are found in the Andean region between Venezuela and Bolivia (Cadena-Castañeda 2013 b, c).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF256148D4A28F894CB0FA5F.taxon	discussion	Comments. Most genera of this subtribe were formerly included in the Markia genus group by CadenaCastañeda, 2013 b. The species show lichenomorphic camouflage, specialized on fruticose or arbuscular lichens such as Usnea. Diagnoses of the genera are provided, omitting the common characters already described for the subtribe.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF24614CD4A28F6E49D5FDE8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertex conical and relatively short, without expansion. Pronotal disc with a pattern of callose stripes. Hind femora and tibiae with curved and elongated spines. Tegmina with undulate contour (Fig. 16 A). Male cerci flattened and ribbon-like with an elongated or abruptly pointed tip, lobe or inner branch sub-triangular or spineshaped (Figs. 16 B – J). Ovipositor long, curving slightly upward, with the apical region slightly serrulate. Tips of upper and lower valve rounded (Fig. 16 F).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF24614CD4A28F6E49D5FDE8.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Phaneroptera phyllacantha Burmeister, 1838, by subsequent designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF24614CD4A28F6E49D5FDE8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Along the Atlantic coast of Brazil, Mata Atlântica and Araucaria angustifolia forest (Map 2).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF20614FD4A28BDE49D5FCA2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertex developed as an elevated, compressed, in lateral view conical process. Pronotal disc with a pattern of callose stripes. Hind femora and tibiae with conical, triangular spines that are not bent or twisted. Tegmina in males extending far beyond the abdomen tip, in females only slightly. Anal and costal margin of tegmina sub-parallel (Fig. 17 A). Male cerci simple, cylindrical, somewhat distally narrowed, with a rounded tip and an internal tooth in the distal half (Fig. 17 B – P). Ovipositor of females no longer than fore femora, moderately curved, tip of upper valve rounded and in lower valve tip more pointed, lateral margins not serrulate.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF20614FD4A28BDE49D5FCA2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Machimoides vivasi Rehn, 1950, by original designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF20614FD4A28BDE49D5FCA2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia, one species from southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais) (Map 3).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF23614FD4A28AE74F1CFA99.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertex with an almost perpendicular, laterally compressed, pointed process with obtuse tip (Figs. 18 AB). Pronotal disc with laterally expanded metazone (Fig. 18 C). Hind femora and tibiae with elongate, curved spines (Fig. 18 A). All genicular lobes developed in the shape of an elongated spine. Tegmina relatively short and not extending beyond tips of extended hind femora, maximum width almost equal to 2 / 5 of the length (Fig. 18 A). Male cerci short, robust, and with hairs on basal surface. Both branches curved perpendicularly upward, then narrowing toward the tip (Figs. 18 E – F). Ovipositor curved with rounded and delicately toothed tip. Female cerci thin and half as long as ovipositor (Fig. 18 D).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF23614FD4A28AE74F1CFA99.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Machima hygracantha Karsch, 1896, by monotypy and original designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF23614FD4A28AE74F1CFA99.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Eastern slope of Colombian Andes (Map 4).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF23614ED4A28C3B49D5FB5A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertex pointed and conical in lateral view. Pronotum with a prominent pointed process on anterior margin (Figs. 19 A – B), sometimes on posterior margin as well (Figs. 19 D – E). Hind femora and tibiae with cylindrical spines, elongated and curving, all genicular lobes developed as long spines. Male cerci elongate and sickle-shaped or the shape resembling tweezers, internally excavated (Figs. 19 C, F). Ovipositor broad, strongly curved upward, margins parallel and broadly rounded, apex delicately serrate. Female cerci are slender and elongate.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF23614ED4A28C3B49D5FB5A.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Lichenodraculus matti Braun, 2011, by monotypy and original designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF23614ED4A28C3B49D5FB5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuadorian Andes and Guiana Shield in Venezuela (Map 4).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF226175D4A28C7449D5F969.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertex elevated, developed as a vertical, slightly forward-directed spine (Figs. 20 A, K, 21 A). Frons delimited between the genae by a suture. Pronotum smooth, with two flattened spine-like projections on the pronotal disk: one at the anterior margin and another higher and slightly curved on the rear margin (Figs. 20 A, K, 21 A). Fore tibiae with two dorsal spines at the lower margin of the tympana. Hind femora and tibiae with elongated and curved spines. Mesosternum narrower than metasternum, constricted and almost square; lateral lobes partially covering bases of coxae, hind margin touching the metafurcal groove, which is small, rounded, and deep. Tegmina undulate and with a broadly truncate tip. Male cerci bifurcate (Figs. 20 D, Q, 21 G). Ovipositor long, curved upward, with apical region slightly serrulate.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF226175D4A28C7449D5F969.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Phaneroptera hystrix Westwood, 1844, by original monotypy.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF226175D4A28C7449D5F969.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Andes from Venezuela to Peru, few species in the Amazon region, and others ranging from the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena ecoregion across Central America to Mexico, in particular the Hystrix and Sarriai species groups (Map 5). Species of the Erinaceus group are found in Guyana and the northern Andes, as well as the adjacent Amazon (Map 6). It seems evident that the cordilleras became an effective barrier which caused vicariance and split the species into different groups (Cadena-Castañeda 2013 a, b).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF196174D4A28E294FCAFD53.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (25 – 55 mm), coloration variable, most commonly white with black spots (Quiva, Lichenomorphus, Dysonia, Lichenodentix, and Dissonulichen) or greenish brown with some greenish white spots (Paraphidnia, Anaphidna, Yungasacris, and Alexanderellus). Head longer than wide in frontal view (except Dissonulichen and Quiva), vertex of variable development and shape (according to genus). Antennae mainly nodose, few genera without antennal modifications (basal genera like Quiva, Yungasacris and Dissonulichen). Pronotum mostly smooth and without distinct modifications, except for Anaphidna with a rugose pronotum, and several species which have differently developed tubercles or raised lateral margins of the metazona (Lichenomorphus), sometimes with denticulations (Lichenodentix). Tegmina with undulate shape (except for the above-mentioned three most basal genera, as well as Paraphidnia and Anaphidna). Leg spines flattened, triangular or lamellar, some genera with a large and broad spine on the hind femur (Quiva has very small spines); genicular lobes with a moderately developed spine. Male cerci variable in shape, male subgenital plate usually unmodified (except Lichenomorphus). Ovipositor as long as pronotum, valves moderately broadened and delicately serrulate, curving upward in first basal third; cerci of females short and robust.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF196174D4A28E294FCAFD53.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Dysonia White, 1862.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF196174D4A28E294FCAFD53.taxon	distribution	Distribution. From northeastern Mexico to northern Argentina, with major diversification in South America (Cadena-Castañeda 2011 b).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF196174D4A28E294FCAFD53.taxon	discussion	Comments. Most of the taxa of this subtribe show lichenomorphic camouflage, specialized on foliose lichens such as Lobariaceae. Others such as Anaphidna and Paraphidnia can also mimic bryophytes. Quiva is the only genus of the tribe that mimics wasps of the family Ichneumonidae.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF186176D4A28A7749D5FEDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Slender insects, white with black spots, translucent tegmina with brown or black spots in most species (Fig. 22 E), except for Q. angieae with black tegmina (Fig. 22 A). Vertex smooth, not distinctly elevated at the fastigium, rounded and curved, ending in a blunt tooth, a little separated from the fastigium of the frons. Face rounded without lateral carinae (Figs. 22 B, F, I). Tegmina very narrow, medial vein with two branches connected to the cubital vein by a short vein. Fore femur with two spinules on external genicular lobe, dorsal margin of fore tibiae unarmed except for a single apical, lateral spine. Hind femur with basal half of its length thickened, then narrowed abruptly into thin distal half. Ventral margin of hind femur armed with small spinules, in the same way as the dorsal margin of the hind tibiae (Figs. 22 A, E). Male cerci with a small internal triangular spine, outer branch elongated (Figs. 22 H, Q, T), and with an apical spine, except Q. angieae (Fig. 22 D). Male subgenital plate elongate with small styli. (Figs. 22 G, M, V) Ovipositor as long as pronotum, slightly curved, margins from mesal to distal region serrulate.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF186176D4A28A7749D5FEDE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Quiva diaphana Hebard, 1927, by original designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF186176D4A28A7749D5FEDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mostly Amazon region, one species from the Andes (Map 7).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF186176D4A28A7749D5FEDE.taxon	discussion	Comments. Unlike the other genera of the Dysoniini with typical lichen and bryophyte camouflage, the species of Quiva mimic wasps of the family Ichneumonidae (Cadena-Castañeda pers. obs.). A similar type of mimicry is found in the phaneropterine genera Aganacris Walker, 1871 and Scaphura Kirby, 1825, which mimic wasps of the family Pompilidae (Nickle 2012; Sovano et al. 2018).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF1A6179D4A288F149D5FEBC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Coloration cream white, with diffuse pink patches, and black spots, mainly on the tegmina (Fig. 23 A). Vertex smooth, sub-elevated, the distal contour rounded in lateral view. Hind femora ventrally armed from the mesal region to the apex with triangular lamellar spines. Tegmina exceeding apex of abdomen for more than half their length in males and about half their length in females, outline elongate or lanceolate, slightly narrowed in distal half, apical margin obliquely truncate (Fig. 23 A). Male cerci with a thick base and an elongated, compressed, and subcultriform prolongation, and a flattened and triangular process on the internal side, mesial region concave and with an excavated appearance (Figs. 23 B – H). Ovipositor twice as long as the pronotal disc, uniformly curved, in distal region dorsal and ventral margins serrulate and laterally with numerous spinules, apex narrowly rounded.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF1A6179D4A288F149D5FEBC.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Yungasacris grata Rehn, 1950, by original designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF1A6179D4A288F149D5FEBC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Peruvian Andes, central-western Brazil (Mato Grosso and Rondônia) (Map 8).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF15617AD4A2881649D5FEF8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body small and moderately slender. Coloration brown, with various whitish, black and green spots on the extremities and the tegmina (Figs. 24 A, B). Head longer than wide and relatively narrow in profile; vertex moderately raised, ocellar tubercle little developed (Figs. 24 C, F); antennae filiform with a few dispersed nodes on the flagellum. Meso- and metazona of pronotal disc elevated progressively (Figs. 24 C, F). Tegmina transparent with some diffuse spots; ventro-distal portion of anal margin gently expanded; hind femur with a distal foliose spine (Fig. 24 B). Cerci laterally flattened, with triangular branches of similar shape.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF15617AD4A2881649D5FEF8.taxon	type_taxon	Taxa included. Alexanderellus kumangui Cadena-Castañeda n. sp. (type species)	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF15617AD4A2881649D5FEF8.taxon	synonymic_list	and A. mariposa (Gorochov, 2012 b) n. comb. (described as Dysonia (Dysonia) mariposa).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF15617AD4A2881649D5FEF8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Amazon region of Colombia and eastern foothills of the Peruvian Andes (Map 9).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF15617AD4A2881649D5FEF8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Dedicated to Professor Dr. Alexander García García, in gratitude for his friendship, teachings, continuous willingness to help, and in recognition of his impressive teaching work, making generation after generation fall in love with the study of arthropods. The grammatical gender is masculine.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF15617AD4A2881649D5FEF8.taxon	discussion	Comparison. The new genus is distinguished from the other genera of the Dysoniini by its greenish-brown coloration with green and whitish spots (similar only in some species of Anaphidna), dorso-ventrally flattened cerci with triangular branches (only Dysonia pardalis (Gorochov, 2012 a) has cerci of similar shape). The antennae of Alexanderellus are similar in structure to the antennae of Paraphidnia, Anaphidna, Lichenomorphus, Lichenodentix, and Dysonia, but the flagellum nodes are not as conspicuous in the new genus. The tegmina are almost translucent (with brown or green spots), similar to Paraphidnia and Anaphidna. In Alexanderellus the wings rest on the body, in contrast to the latter two genera, which have them narrower and projecting in a 40 - to 45 - degree angle from the abdomen. The hind femora of the new genus have a foliose spine similar in development to Dysonia species.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF16617AD4A288D74EDDFAE8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. ♂ Colombia, Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu, C. Rodríguez leg. (CAUD).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF16617AD4A288D74EDDFAE8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Dedicated to the Grupo de Investigación en Artrópodos “ Kumangui ” (“ Kumangui ” Arthropod Research Group) at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF16617AD4A288D74EDDFAE8.taxon	description	Description. General coloration grayish brown, eyes purple, sternites, inner face of fore and middle femora yellowish brown, outer face of femora dark brown, base of hind femur whitish green, male cerci yellow with black apex and lower border. Head. Fastigium of the vertex erect, moderately raised, apex rounded; ocelli round, the lateral ones being more conspicuous than the frontal one (Fig. 24 F). Thorax. Pronotal disc with a sub-elevated midline on the metazona; lateral lobes near the posterior border moderately inflated, where the pronotum covers the auditory spiracle; humeral sinus rounded (Fig. 24 C). Meso- and metasternal lobes rounded, close together, metafurcal groove triangular and moderately wide. Wings. Tegmina projecting well beyond abdomen, anal border dilating toward the apex, stridulatory crest straight and almost as long as the posterior edge of the pronotal disc (Fig. 24 B). Legs slender and armed with triangular, lamellar spines: fore femora with three and middle femora with two ventral spines, fore and middle tibiae with small ventral spinules and the middle tibia with dorsal ones; hind femur with four medium-sized ventral spines and a conspicuous foliose spine with four sharp undulations on outer margin; hind tibia with 14 dorsal spines on outer margin and 12 ones on inner margin. Abdomen. Tenth tergite without modification; epiproct ovoid, a little longer than wide. Outer branch of the cerci longer than the internal one, thin and with a small pre-apical hook on the ventral margin, apex pointed (Fig. 24 G); internal branch sub-triangular with the apex curving backward (Figs. 24 H, I). Distal half of subgenital plate moderately narrow, posterior emargination broadly U-shaped with straight middle part, styli longer than depth of the emargination, slender, with conical apex. Female. Unknown. Measurements (in mm.). LT: 29.5, Pr: 3.5, Teg: 25, HF: 12, HT: 10.5. Comparison. The new species differs from A. mariposa n. comb. by its smaller size. A. mariposa has a total length of 36 cm (including the wings), the male of that species has thinner and more delicate cerci, the emargination of its subgenital plate is V-shaped and not very deep (U-shaped in the new species), and the tips of the styli are slightly tapering (conical in the new species).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF16617FD4A28CAB49D5FD23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized and slender, white with black spots varying in intensity, size, and number according to the different species (Figs. 25 A, 26 A). Head broad with a small and little elevated fastigium, often slightly divided in frontal view, frontal ocellus developed, antennae smooth. Wings with the apical area not broadened and rounded apex. Hind femora with four or five medium-sized triangular spines, sometimes with an additional broad flattened spine with slightly dentate edge. Male cerci with main branch curved inward at an 90 - degree angle, in most cases hook-shaped, secondary or inner branch triangular and smaller in size (Figs. 25 F, 26 B, D, F, H). Ovipositor robust and as long as the pronotum, curved upward with slightly serrated margins.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF16617FD4A28CAB49D5FD23.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Aphidnia simplicipes Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, by original designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF16617FD4A28CAB49D5FD23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. From northeastern Mexico to the south of Brazil, most diverse in South America, from Mexico and Central America only D. simplicipes simplicipes is known (Maps 10 – 12).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF16617FD4A28CAB49D5FD23.taxon	discussion	Comments. This genus has originally been described as a subgenus of Valna Walker, 1869. After the transferral as subgenus to Dysonia, with Valna becoming a synonym (Gorochov 2012 b), there remain species that do not agree with the characteristics of that genus. The original classification proposed by Cadena-Castañeda (2011) is consistent. The only problem was to reinstate Valna, whose type species V. melaleuca really belongs to Dysonia. The other species assigned to the former subgenera Valna (Valna) and Valna (Dissonulichen) show a true relationship. To reconcile the discrepancy, Dissonulichen n. stat. is elevated to full genus with two subgenera coinciding with the former subgenera of Valna (sensu Cadena-Castañeda 2011). The species of the former subgenus Dissonulichen remain in the now nominate subgenus whereas the species of the former subgenus Valna are placed in the new subgenus Dissonulichospinus n. subgen., except for Dysonia melaleuca. The genus exhibits a broad range of camouflage, since the same species can mimic foliose lichens of the genera Lobaria, Lobariella, and Parmotrema. Two names are considered synonyms: 1) Dysonia cuiabensis Piza & Peres Filho, 1982 n. syn. is the same species as Dissonulichen (Dissonulichen) hebardi (Costa Lima & Guitton 1960). No differences in the male terminalia can be found. The cerci are characteristic in comparison to the other species of the genus: The main branch is strongly curved inward, enclosing with the inner branch a deep U-shaped curvature. This species has small and abundant spots on the tegmina that also distinguish it from the other species of the genus. 2) Dysonia similis Piza & Wiendl, 1967 n. syn. is found to be identical to Dissonulichen (Dissonulichen) minensis (Piza & Wiendl, 1967). Here also no differences in the male terminalia can be found. According to the description there are differences in the spots on the body and the shape of the ventral spines on the hind femur, but these characters vary intraspecifically. It is common to find individuals with more spots than others and the spines of the hind femur may differ slightly in size and spacing .. Nomenclatural comment. In accordance with the Latin word lichen the grammatical gender of the name Dissonulichen is masculine.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF126161D4A28E584E8FFEDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This subgenus differs from Dissonulichen s. s. by the following characters: fastigium broad at its base, prominent frontal ocellus, hind femur with a laterally expanding, lamelliform spine (absent in Dissonulichen s. s.) with undulating outer edge, similar in shape to Dysonia, but not as prominent (Fig. 25 A).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF126161D4A28E584E8FFEDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern Brazil, with one record from the northeast (Map 12).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF126161D4A28E584E8FFEDE.taxon	type_taxon	Taxa included. Dissonulichen (Dissonulichospinus) elegans (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) n. comb. (type species),	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF126161D4A28E584E8FFEDE.taxon	synonymic_list	D. (D.) ornatus (Piza, 1951) n. comb. and D. (D.) diffusus (Piza, 1981) n. comb.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF126161D4A28E584E8FFEDE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the name of the genus which means “ false lichen ”, with reference to the peculiar spine on the hind femur. The gender is masculine.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF0D6161D4A288B949D5F83F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Vertex with laterally flattened crest (Figs. 27 C, F). Antennae nodose, scapus and sometimes pedicellus armed with a tubercle. Pronotum smooth and devoid of tubercles (Figs. 27 A, C, F). Sub-ocular region with cuticular evaginations. Wings projecting at an angle of 40 – 45 degrees upward. Ventral spines of middle tibia lamelliform. Abdominal tergites dorsally produced and with pointed tips (Fig. 27 E). Male cerci with outer branch long and curved inward, inner branch of almost similar size or short and developed as small spiniform process (Figs. 27 B, D, G). Basic coloration in life dark brown, with greenish and whitish spots.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF0D6161D4A288B949D5F83F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Paraphidnia gallina Giglio-Tos, 1898, by original monotypy.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF0D6161D4A288B949D5F83F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ecuadorian Andes and Amazon (Map 13).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF0C616BD4A28E204E0FFF2F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Coloration predominantly greenish brown, some species reddish with white or whitish green stripes (Figs. 28 C, 29 C, 32 A). Structure on vertex variable, reduced and tubercle-shaped (Figs. 28 D, F, G, H, I, J) or elongated and cylindrical (Figs. 29 D, E, F, G, H, I). Median ocellus conspicuous, genae tuberculate (Figs. 28 I, 29 E, J, K). Pronotum usually tuberculate with four or six emarginations on lateral margins of pronotal disk (Figs. 28 A, B). Male cerci with external branch rather long and spine-shaped, curved upward and with acute apex; inner branch longer, partially lamelliform and with two lobes, the upper hook-shaped, the lower one smaller and armed with tiny apical hooks (Figs. 32 H). Ovipositor as long as pronotum or slightly longer, curved from base upward, upper valve longer than ventral one, margins serrate (Fig. 32 I – K).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF0C616BD4A28E204E0FFF2F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Paraphidnia (Anaphidna) mexicana Gorochov, 2012, by original designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF0C616BD4A28E204E0FFF2F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. From southern Mexico to northern Argentina (Maps 14 and 15).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF0C616BD4A28E204E0FFF2F.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species of this genus exhibit considerable phenotypic plasticity, which makes their identification difficult. Individuals of the same species, or even of the same population, may show variation in characters that are otherwise stable and useful for the delimitation of species in other genera of the Dysoniini, like shape of the face, pronotal tubercles, structure of the stridulatory vein, wing venation, spines on the legs, and male cerci. Specimens of the same species would mistakenly be considered as belonging to more than one species, unless this variability is taken into account. On the other hand, sympatry of related species among Neotropical Phaneropterinae is common: According to observations made in the course of this investigation in the canopy of Amazon rainforest (canopy walkway in Amacayacu, SE Colombia), it was found that two, three, and even more species of the same genus live together in the same area, and even on the same tree: Ceraia (with three species), Euceraia (four species), and Phylloptera (six species). Similar data were reported from lowland rainforest in northern Peru (Nickle & Castner 1995). According to the above, an overestimation of the variability in a few sympatric species of the genus Anaphidna could lead to considering them erroneously a single very variable species. Conversely, an underestimation of the variability could lead to the false assumption of more different species than are actually present. Another problem with the taxonomy of the genus is the presence of numerous closely related species in the same distributional range, and lacking significant differences in copulatory structures and other characters. This may be the result of recent adaptive radiation. To delimit the species, acoustic and ethological studies would be useful. The following key to species is based on characters with low range of variability.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF07616AD4A289BC49D5FD37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. White with black spots, which vary in intensity and number among the different species (Figs. 2 A – B, 33 A). Antennae nodose, development of nodes variable (Fig. 2 A); vertex conical and elevated moderately (Fig. 2 K). Pronotum smooth and slightly expanded laterally (Fig. 3 D). Mesosternum rectangular (wider than long), lateral lobes slightly expanded. Main spine of hind femur conspicuous, lamellar, with serrate outer edge; other smaller spines fused into a plate (Fig. 4 E). Male cerci variable in shape, conical (Fig. 33 K, M), triangular, branches flattened (Fig. 33 G) or pointed and thin (Fig. 33 C). Male subgenital plate shorter than length of cerci (Figs. 33 H, J, L). Ovipositor curved and broadened, with robust valves (Figs. 2 A, 4 E). Males larger than females.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF07616AD4A289BC49D5FD37.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Phaneroptera alipes Westwood, 1844, by original designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF07616AD4A289BC49D5FD37.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mainly in medium elevations of the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia, with members in central and southern Brazil (Map 16).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF07616AD4A289BC49D5FD37.taxon	discussion	Comments. Dysonia lamellipes Bruner, 1915 is considered a nomen dubium. The original description is based on an immature female, which impedes the comparison with other species, and the whereabouts of the type specimen are unknown. Preceding the description of D. lamellipes, Bruner (1915) mentions that in the same area in Bolivia was collected a female probably belonging to Dysonia punctifrons (now Lichenomorphus punctifrons). Perhaps the D. lamellipes nymph belongs to L. punctifrons too. Subsequently, Costa Lima & Guitton (1960) described specimens from the same province in Bolivia as males of D. lamellipes, based on the shared locality. However, it is common to find species of the different genera Dysonia, Lichenomorphus, and Dissonulichen occurring in the same area (with all the species previously treated as belonging to Dysonia). According to the drawing of male terminalia in Costa Lima & Guiton (1961) cerci and subgenital plate are fairly similar to the ones of Dysonia holgeri. Without the type specimen it is impossible to determine the generic identity of Bruner’s species. It could even belong to some other genus whose nymphs share similar color patterns. This happened with Valna nigropicta Walker, 1871, described from a whitish immature female with black markings, that Kirby (1906) included with some doubt in genus Dysonia. Eventually it was found to be a synonym of Acanthodis aquilina (Linnaeus, 1758), thereby belonging to subfamily Pseudophyllinae (Costa Lima & Guiton 1960, based on a communication by D. R. Ragge). Dysonia bridarollii Costa Lima & Guiton, 1960 is only known from a female. The holotype could not be examined and the status of this species is uncertain, which is why it is not included in the key to species.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF06616CD4A28E3149D5FD3E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Coloration white with black spots, frons black or white; thorax ventrally always black; base of fore femora brown, distal portion of tegmina black or grayish (Fig. 34 A). Head elongated with elevated fastigium, wide in lateral and frontal view. Vertex with a granule or evagination at the margin of each eye (Fig. 3 B). Antennae nodose. Pronotum elevated at rear end, expanding laterally in dorsal view. Tegmina apically broadened at the anal margin, costal margin curved (Figs. 34 A, 35 A). Spines of hind femora moderately broadened and flattened. Male cerci with a robust base and armed with two thin and sclerotized branches (most common shape) (Fig. 34 D) or with the outer branch prolonged and much longer than the inner branch (Fig. 35 B). Male subgenital plate lamellar and flexible, longer than length of the cerci (Fig. 34 C, E, G, I, K). Ovipositor robust, curving gently from middle to apex, edges delicately serrate.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF06616CD4A28E3149D5FD3E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Lichenomorphus montealegrezi Cadena-Castañeda, 2011, by original designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF06616CD4A28E3149D5FD3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. From northern Mexico to northern Argentina (Maps 17 – 18).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF06616CD4A28E3149D5FD3E.taxon	discussion	Comments. L. nigriventer (Piza, 1981) n. syn., is proposed as a synonym under L. puntifrons (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878). When comparing the structure of the male terminalia of the type specimens of both species no differences are found. Lichenomorphus pirani (Costa Lima & Guitton, 1961) n. comb., originally assigned to genus Dysonia, is transferred to Lichenomorphus, as it agrees much better with the diagnostic characters of this genus. L. pirani has the peculiarity of having the outer branch of the male cerci noticeably elongated and flattened. A key to species is provided below (L. sinyaevi Gorochov, 2012, only known from a female, is not included).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF00616CD4A28B914EFCFBEB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Coloration white with black spots, frons, and thorax ventrally black (Fig. 36); base of fore femur brown. Head elongate with elevated fastigium, undulate margins, wide in both lateral and frontal view (Fig. 36 A, C). Vertex with a granule or evagination at the margin of each eye. Antennae nodose. Pronotum elevated at rear end, with denticulations on rear margin and lateral edges of metazona (Fig. 36 D). Tegmina apically broadened at the anal margin, costal margin curved (Fig. 36 B). Spines on hind femora moderately broadened and flattened. Male cerci robust, with inner and outer branches similar in size and curving inward (Fig. 36 E). Male subgenital plate shorter than length of cerci (Fig. 36 F).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF00616CD4A28B914EFCFBEB.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Dysonia dentatithorax Piza, 1951, by monotypy and original designation.	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
03C0C519CF00616CD4A28B914EFCFBEB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeast of Brazil (Map 19).	en	Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Braun, Holger, García, Alexander García (2022): The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 5166 (1): 1-93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1
