taxonID	type	description	language	source
2337EF1BFFDFFFED41FFFBF4FD5CFF1E.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 5, 17, 18, 25)	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDFFFED41FFFBF4FD5CFF1E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Figs 1, 17): male, “ India, Arunachal Pradesh, Tamen, 5. iv. 2009, Rahul Joshi leg. ” (NZC- ZSI). Paratypes. INDIA: 1 male, data same as holotype (NZCZSI); 1 male, Arunachal Pradesh, Tippi, 15. v. 2016, H. S. Datta leg. (NZCZSI); 1 male, West Bengal, Darjeeling, 19. iv. 2009, Rahul Joshi leg. (NZCZSI); 5 males, Sikkim, Mangan, 19. iv. 2010, Rahul Joshi leg. (NZCZSI); 1 female, Mizoram, Mamit, 8. ix. 2016, Santosh Singh leg. (NZCZSI); 2 males, Mizoram, Serchhip, 9. iv. 2017, H. S. Datta leg. (NZCZSI); 1 male, Mizoram, Reiek, 19. iv. 2017, H. S. Datta leg. (NZCZSI); 1 male, Mizoram, Reiek, 20. iv. 2017, H. S. Datta leg. (NZCZSI); 2 males, 5 females, Assam, Kaziranga Wildlife, Pan Bari Reserv [e] Forest, 26 ° 45 ’ N, 93 ° 10 ’ E, 100 m, 12 – 21. XI. 1997, V. Siniaev [recte: Sinyaev] & M. Murzin, leg., gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 274 / 2017, ZSM Arct. 2019 - 451 (males) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 2 females, Assam, Nambor Reserv [e] Forest, Garampani, H = 100 m, 26 ° 30 ’ N, 93 ° 55 ’ E, 21 – 29. XI. 1997, V. Siniaev [recte: Sinyaev] & M. Murzin leg., gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 260 / 2017 (male), ZSM Arct. 2019 - 452 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Assam, [W Meghalaya], Garo Hills, Nokrek National Park, 25 ° 40 ’ N, 91 ° 04 ’ E, 1150 m, 2 – 13. VII. 1997, Afonin & Sinajev [recte: Sinyaev] leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 261 / 2017 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 9 females, 1000 m, Tamil Nadu, Kalkad Wildlife Sanctuary Manjolai, 6 – 7. IV. 97, 8.15 ’ N, 77,27 ’ E, tea estate / rainforest, Sinjaev [recte: Sinyaev] & Schintlm [e] st [e] r [leg.], gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 461 (male), ZSM Arct. 2019 - 462 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); MYANMAR: 1 male, Putao, 500 m, 23. V. 1998, S. Murzin & [V.] Siniaev [recte: Sinyaev] leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 259 / 2017 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); NEPAL: 1 female, Godawani, W. Thomas leg., gen. prep. No.: AV 5469 (prepared by Volynkin) (CKC); CHINA: 1 male, Yunnan, Simao District, Mangxi Ba Mts, 18 km S of Simao, 1280 m, 11 – 20. III. 1999, Dr R. Brechlin leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 460 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDFFFED41FFFBF4FD5CFF1E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. (1) The species varies in the forewing shape, the shape of the medial line and the size of the spots of the subterminal line. However, the male and female genitalia structures of different forms are uniform and display no remarkable variability. (2) Kirti & Singh (2016) illustrated this species as Miltochrista phaeodonta Hampson, 1911 by misidentification. The latter currently belongs to the genus Barsipennis Volynkin, 2019 (Volynkin & Černý 2019; Volynkin et al. 2019; Huang et al. 2021).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDFFFED41FFFBF4FD5CFF1E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Miltochrista idiomorfa sp. n. (Figs 1 – 5) is superficially very similar to M. dankana sp. n. (Figs 6 – 8), M. straminea (Figs 9 – 13) and M. etalina sp. n. (Fig. 14) and in most cases a reliable identification requires the examination of the genitalia. The male genital capsule of the new species (Figs 17, 18) differs from the similar congeners (Figs 19 – 23) in the presence of two postero-lateral apically serrulate processes of the juxta and the short and thick distal saccular process bearing and additional lengthwise crest inwardly. The phallus of M. idiomorfa sp. n. is similar to that of M. dankana sp. n. due to the presence of the distal thorn-like process of the carina but in the new species it is longer (in proportion to the genital capsule) and the distal carinal process is longer and curved ventrad (whereas it is almost straight in M. dankana sp. n.). The vesica of the new species is similar to those of M. dankana sp. n. and M. straminea due to the lack of cornuti but differs in the elongate and weakly sclerotised basal section and the larger globular distal diverticulum. The female genitalia of M. idiomorfa sp. n. (Fig. 25) differ from the similar congeners (Figs 26 – 28) in the presence of a long and heavily sclerotised antrum (it is absent in M. dankana sp. n. and M. straminea) and a conical, gelatinous postero-lateral diverticulum of the posterior section of the corpus bursae positioned at the junction with the ductus bursae. The corpus bursae of the new species bear larger spinules than in M. dankana sp. n. and M. straminea and lacks serrulate plates which are characteristic of M. straminea. The appendix bursae of M. idiomorfa sp. n. is markedly smaller than in M. dankana sp. n. and positioned laterally on the left side whereas it is positioned postero-laterally on the right side in M. dankana sp. n. and anteriorly in M. straminea.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDFFFED41FFFBF4FD5CFF1E.taxon	description	Description. External morphology of adults (Figs 1 – 5). Forewing length 9 – 10 mm in males and 11 – 12 mm in females. Antenna ciliate in both sexes with longer cilia in male. Sexual dimorphism limited: female larger than male, with more elongate forewing and longer spurs of postmedial line. Head and body straw yellow. Thorax with three rounded blackish spots medially. Abdomen pale straw yellow; in male, with intense admixture of black scales in posterior third. Forewing ground colour straw yellow, pattern blackish-grey. Costal margin blackish-grey in antemedial area. Subbasal spot small, more or less round or short dash-shaped. Antemedial area with five short lengthwise dashes of various lengths. Antemedial line W-like sinuous, more strongly protruding in cell. Medial line slightly sinuous medially, in most specimens positioned close to antemedial line or touching it in cell. Discal spot small, dash or comma-shaped. Postmedial line strongly irregularly dentate on veins, out curved between veins R and Cu. Subterminal line interrupted into short dash-like lengthwise spots on veins, curved parallel to postmedial line. Terminal line interrupted into small spots on veins with blackish-grey suffusion between veins. Cilia monotonous straw yellow. Hindwing pale yellowish-creamy, with weak grey suffusion at costa subapically in male. Male genitalia (Figs 17, 18). Uncus slender, elongate, slightly down curved and tapered distally with tiny claw-like tip. Tuba analis broad, with thin and weakly sclerotised scaphium and broad and weakly setose subscaphium. Tegumen with narrow penicular area anteriorly. Vinculum somewhat shorter than tegumen, thick and heavily sclerotised, Ushaped. Valva dilated and up curved in distal 2 / 5. Costa slightly convex medially with short swollen setose ventral protrusion sub-proximally. Transtillae broad and moderately sclerotised, fused. Distal lobe of valva broadly triangular and apically rounded. Sacculus moderately broad, weakly setose subbasally, with short but robust, somewhat up curved triangular distal process bearing lengthwise crest inwardly and small thorn-like tip. Juxta shield-like with two more or less rectangular postero-lateral processes serrulate apically and inwardly. Phallus narrow, cylindrical, somewhat down curved and dilated proximally, with broadly conical and apically rounded coecum; carina with elongate, slender but heavily sclerotised, medially down curved thorn-like dorsal process directed distally. Vesica projecting dorsad, tubular and weakly sclerotised subbasally and sack-like distally, with small semiglobular lateral diverticulum and two distal diverticula: broad semiglobular one directed dorsad and longer, narrowly conical and apically rounded one directed distally. Vesica ejaculatorius originates laterally, with short and thin basal plate. Female genitalia (Fig. 25). Papilla analis broad, trapezoid with rounded corners, setose. Apophyses long and slender, more or less equal in length, apophysis anterioris somewhat dilated in proximal half. Ostium bursae broad. Antrum long, heavily sclerotised, dilated posteriorly, champagne glass-shaped. Anterior section of ductus bursae tubular, short, membranous. Posterior section of corpus bursae curved sideways, perpendicular to ductus bursae axis, gelatinous, with conical diverticulum directed laterally. Anterior section of corpus bursae sack-like, densely covered with spinules. Appendix bursae short, narrowly conical, membranous, originating latero-medially, directed sideways.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDFFFED41FFFBF4FD5CFF1E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu), Nepal, northern Myanmar (Kachin State) and south-western China (Yunnan Prov.).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDFFFED41FFFBF4FD5CFF1E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. ‘ Idiomorfos’ is a Latin transliteration of the Greek ‘ ιδιόμορφος’ meaning ‘ peculiar’. The specific epithet refers to the unusual male genitalia structures.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDDFFEA41FFFEC8FC67FDAA.taxon	description	(Figs 6 – 8, 19, 20, 26)	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDDFFEA41FFFEC8FC67FDAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Figs 6, 19): male, “ India, Nagaland, Kigwema, 26. iv. 2017, H. S. Datta leg. ” (NZCZSI). Paratypes. INDIA: 1 female, data same as holotype. MYANMAR: 1 male, 1 female, Chin Hills, Myohaung Camp, 2060 m, 3 – 5. x. 2002, W. Mey leg., LF [light trap] / Natma Taung NP. Area of Mt. Victoria, gen. prep. Nos.: AV 4237 (male) and AV 4235 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MfN).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDDFFEA41FFFEC8FC67FDAA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Miltochrista dankana sp. n. (Figs 68) is superficially very similar to M. idiomorfa sp. n. (Figs 1 – 5), M. straminea (Figs 9 – 13) and M. etalina sp. n. (Fig. 14) and in most cases a reliable identification requires the examination of the genitalia. The male genital capsule of the new species (Figs 19, 20) differs from the similar congeners (Figs 17, 18, 21 – 23) in the long and robust, claw-shaped distal saccular process and the presence of a short, straight, spike-like distal process of carina. The valva shape of M. dankana sp. n. is similar to M. idiomorfa sp. n. but, besides the distal saccular process structure, differs from it in the more prominent medial dorsal costal protrusion, the more rounded distal lobe of the valva, and the more distally positioned ventral swollen costal protrusion. The transtilla of the new species is narrower than in M. idiomorfa sp. n. and the juxta bears short posterolateral protrusions instead of elongate and serrulate processes which are present in the congener. The phallus of M. dankana sp. n. is shorter than in M. idiomorfa sp. n. (in proportion to the tegumen-vinculum complex length) and bears a shorter and straight distal carinal process which is medially down curved in M. idiomorfa sp. n. Compared to M. idiomorfa sp. n., the vesica of the new species lacks a weakly sclerotised basal tubular section, has a somewhat shorter distal conical diverticulum, a markedly smaller distal semiglobular diverticulum, and a short but broad conical medial diverticulum ventrally which is absent in the congener. The female genitalia of M. dankana sp. n. (Fig. 26) differ from those of M. idiomorfa sp. n. (Fig. 25) in the lack of an antrum and a gelatinous posterior section of the corpus bursae, the broader corpus bursae covered with finer spinules, and the conspicuously longer and broader appendix bursae positioned postero-laterally on the right side whereas it is positioned laterally on the left side in the congener. The ostium structure of the new species is most similar to M. straminea (Fig. 27, 28) but M. dankana sp. n., the ventral edge of the ostium of is trapezoid (rectangular in M. straminea) and the dorsal postvaginal area is shorter than in M. straminea and has a rugose surface whereas it bears a weakly sclerotised triangular plate in the congener. Additionally, the corpus bursae of M. dankana sp. n. is longer and broader than in M. straminea, lacks serrulate plates, and covered with larger spinules. The appendix bursae of the new species is broadly conical and apically rounded and positioned postero-laterally whereas it is short, narrow, distally tapered and positioned anteriorly in M. straminea.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDDFFEA41FFFEC8FC67FDAA.taxon	description	Description. External morphology of adults (Figs 6 – 8). Forewing length 11 mm in males and 12.5 mm in female. Antenna ciliate in both sexes with longer cilia in male. Sexual dimorphism limited: female larger than male, with more elongate forewing apex and shorter spurs of postmedial line. Head and body straw yellow. Thorax with three rounded blackish spots medially. Abdomen pale straw yellow; in male, with intense admixture of black scales in posterior third. Forewing ground colour straw yellow, pattern blackish-grey. Costal margin blackish-grey in antemedial area. Subbasal spot small, more or less round or short dash-shaped. Antemedial area with five short lengthwise dashes of various lengths. Antemedial line W-like sinuous, more strongly protruding in cell. Medial line slightly sinuous medially, positioned close to antemedial line, touching it in cell. Discal spot small, comma-shaped. Postmedial line strongly irregularly dentate on veins, out curved between veins R and Cu. Subterminal line interrupted into short dash-like lengthwise spots on veins, curved parallel to postmedial line. Terminal line interrupted into small spots on veins with blackish-grey suffusion between veins. Cilia monotonous straw yellow. Hindwing pale yellowish-creamy, with weak grey suffusion at costa subapically. Male genitalia (Figs 19, 20). Uncus elongate, slender, laterally flattened, smoothly down curved medially, distally tapered and apically pointed. Tuba analis broad, with thin and weakly sclerotised scaphium and broad and weakly setose subscaphium. Tegumen with short penicular area anteriorly. Vinculum somewhat shorter than tegumen, thick and heavily sclerotised, U-shaped. Valva dilated and up curved in distal half. Costa slightly convex medially. Transtillae broad and moderately sclerotised, fused. Distal lobe of valva semielliptical. Sacculus broad, with setose dorsal surface and long and heavily sclerotised, apically pointed and up curved claw-shaped distal process. Juxta shield-like with two short triangular and apically rounded postero-lateral processes. Phallus narrow, cylindrical, almost straight, with slightly down curved apically rounded coecum; carina with short, straight, slender but heavily sclerotised spike-like dorsal process directed distally. Vesica projecting dorsad, with short but broad conical medial diverticulum medially and conical and semiglobular diverticula distally. Vesica ejaculatorius originates laterally, with short and thin basal plate. Female genitalia (Fig. 26). Papilla analis broad, rectangular with rounded corners, weakly setose. Apophyses long and thin, apophysis anterioris dilated posteriorly and somewhat shorter than apophysis posterioris. Ostium bursae broad, with weakly sclerotised trapezoid ventral margin. Postvaginal dorsal area rugose. Ductus bursae short, membranous, dilated anteriorly. Corpus bursae broad, sack-like, densely covered with tiny spinules. Appendix bursae broad, conical and apically rounded, positioned postero-laterally on right side.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDDFFEA41FFFEC8FC67FDAA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from Northeast India (Nagaland) and north-western Myanmar.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDDFFEA41FFFEC8FC67FDAA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. ‘ Dankana’ is a Latin transliteration of the Greek ‘ δαγκάνα’ meaning ‘ a claw’. The specific epithet refers to the robust, claw-like distal saccular process in the male genitalia.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDAFFE641FFFD5CFC36FC6E.taxon	description	(Figs 9 – 13, 21, 22, 27, 28)	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDAFFE641FFFD5CFC36FC6E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Lectotype (designated herein) (Figs 11, 27): female, “ TYPE LEP: No. 445 Miltochrista straminea Walker HOPE DEPT. OXFORD ” / A Walker’s type ♀ Miltochrista straminea ” / “ Type. ” / “ Ind [ia] ” / “ 473 ” / “ straminea n. ” / “ = excurrens Walk. ” / “ Slide AV 6525 ♀ A. Volynkin ” (OUMNH). Additional material examined. INDIA: 5 males, Sikkim, Gangtok, 23. iv. 2009, Rahul Joshi leg. (NZCZSI); 7 males, Sikkim, Mangan, 23. iv. 2009, Rahul Joshi leg. (NZCZSI); 5 males, Sikkim, Mangan, 12. iv. 2010, Rahul Joshi leg. (NZCZSI); 2 males, Sikkim, Golitar, 20. iv. 2010, Rahul Joshi leg. (NZCZSI); 1 female, Sikkim, Chungthang, 28. iv. 2014, Davinder Singh leg. (NZCZSI); 3 females, Sikkim, Aritar, 29. iv. 2009, Rahul Joshi leg. (NZCZSI); 10 males, 14 females, Sikkim, Mt. Kangchenjunga SE, 27 ° 30 ’ N, 88 ° 20 ’ E, 2000 m, 22 – 31. VII. 1995, E. Afonin & V. Sinyaev leg., gen. prep. Nos.: MWM 33.606, ZSM Arct. 2019 - 612, ZSM Arct, 2019 - 613 (males), MWM 33.607 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 3 males, 4 females, Sikkim, Pemayangtse Umg., Geysing, 1400 m, light trap, 24. VIII. 1988, Dr. W. Thomas leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 1 female, Sikkim, Legship, 800 m, 24 – 28. VII. 1990, Werner Thomas leg., gen. prep. Nos.: AV 5470 (male), AV 5471 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (CKC); 1 female, Sikkim, Pemayangtse, 1200 m, below Rimbi, light trap, 26. VIII. 1988, Dr. W. Thomas leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 1 female, W. B., Darjeeling, 2000 m, 12 – 20. VIII. 1985, W. Thomas leg., gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 620 (male), ZSM Arct. 2019 - 621 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, W. B., 650 m, Darjeeling, Manjitar, 5. IV. 1986, W. Thomas leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 622 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, same data as previous but 28. VI. 1986, gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 624 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, W. B., 850 m, Darjeeling, Pashok, 29. III. 1986, W. Thomas leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 623 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 8 females, W. B., Darjeeling, Mangpu Road, 1900 m, light trap, 29. VI. 1987, Dr. W. Thomas leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, W. B., Darjeeling, 2100 m, 29. VII. – 1. VIII. 1990, W. Thomas leg., gen. prep. No.: AV 5481 (prepared by Volynkin) (CKC); 1 female, Assam, [W Meghalaya], Garo Hills, Nokrek National Park, 25 ° 40 ’ N, 91 ° 04 ’ E, 1150 m, 2 – 13. VII. 1997, Afonin & Sinyaev leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 275 / 2017 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 3 females, Mizoram, Reiek, 19. iv. 2017, H. S. Datta leg. (NZCZSI); 1 male, 1 female, Mizoram, Reiek, 20. iv. 2017, H. S. Datta leg. (NZCZSI); 2 females, Mizoram, Jowai, 8. ix. 2009, Rahul Joshi leg. (NZCZSI); 1 male, 3 females, Nagaland, Wokha, 30. v. 2010, Rahul Joshi leg. (NZCZSI); 2 males, 1 female, Nagaland, Kohima, 23. iv. 2017, H. S. Datta leg. (NZCZSI); 1 female, Nagaland, Kohima, 24. iv. 2017, H. S. Datta leg. (NZCZSI); 1 female, Arunachal Pradesh, Khonsa, 4. ix. 2005, N. Singh leg. (NZCZSI); 1 female, Arunachal Pradesh, Raga, 5. v. 2016, H. S. Datta leg. (NZCZSI); 1 female, Arunachal Pradesh, Bomdila, 11. v. 2016, H. S. Datta leg. (NZCZSI); 2 female, Arunachal Pradesh, Tippi, 15. v. 2016, H. S. Datta (NZCZSI), 2 males, 1 female, Uttarakhand, Nainital, 29 – 30. vi. 1994, APS Kaleka leg. (NZCZSI); 1 male, Meghalaya, Jowai, 08. ix. 2009, Rahul Joshi leg. (NZCZSI); 1 male, Kumaon-Himalaya, Nainital Distr., Bhimtal, 1500 m, Smetacek leg., 21 – 23. VIII. 1977 (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, same data as previous but 25. IX. 1977 (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, same data as previous but 14. IX. 1979 (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, same data as previous but 12. VI. 1979, gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 615 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 2 males, same locality as previous but 3. VII. 1971, de Freina leg., gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 614, ZSM Arct. 2019 - 616 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, same data as previous but 28 – 29. V. 1971, gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 617, ZSM Arct. 2019 - 618 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, NW Himalaya, 1500 m, Uttar Pradesh, Kumaon Dist., Bhimtal, Nainital, VI. 1974, F. Smetacek leg., light trap (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, U. P., Bhimtal, 1500 m, 11 – 20. VI. 1975, W. Thomas leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 619 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, T. [amil] N. [adu], Palani Hills, Perumalmalay, 1500 m, 14. VII. 1990, W. Thomas leg., gen. prep. No.: AV 5480 (prepared by Volynkin) (CKC); PAKISTAN: 1 male, Prov. NW-Frontier, 35 km N of Murree, Ayubia NP, 2300 m, 1. VIII. 1998, Tibor Csővári & László Mikus leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 675 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 2 females, Pakistan, Kashmir, Himalaya Mts., 30 km N Muree, near Nathia Ghali, Aybia, 2600 m, 25 – 27. VI. 1998, Gy. Fábián & B. Herczig leg. (MWM / ZSM); NEPAL: 1 female, 1615 m, Taplejung area, Shimbu (Pakora), 11. X. 1994, M. Hreblay & T. Csővári leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, Taplejung area, Tambowa, 2115 m, 12. X. 1994, M. Hreblay & T. Csővári leg. (MWM / ZSM); 15 females, Koshi, Taplejung area, Tawa, 1200 m, 87 ° 49 ’ E, 27 ° 30 ’ N, 1. IV. 1996, G. Csorba & S. T. Kovacs leg. (MWM / ZSM); 8 males, 2 females, Koshi, Taplejung area, Tapethok, 1600 m, 87 ° 52 ’ E, 27 ° 32 ’ N, 2. IV. 1996, G. Csorba & S. T. Kovács leg. (MWM / ZSM); 3 males, 2 females, Koshi, Taplejung area, SW of Mamankhe, 1700 m, 87 ° 57 ’ E, 27 ° 26 ’ N, 6 – 7. IV. 1996, Csorba & Ronkay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 2 females, Koshi, Taplejung area, Mitlung, 1100 m, 87 ° 48 ’ E, 27 ° 27 ’ N, 31. III. 1996, G. Csorba & S. T. Kovács leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, Koshi, Taplejung area, above Yamphudin, 2600 m, 87 ° 59 ’ E, 27 ° 28 ’ N, 5. IV. 1996, G. Csorba & S. T. Kovács leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, Mechi, Taplejung area, between Mamankhe and Anpang, 2000 m, 87 ° 54 ’ E, 27 ° 26 ’ N, 01. XI. 1996, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Mechi, Taplejung area, Nesum village, 1550 m, 87 ° 29 ’ E, 27 ° 17 ’ N, 21. X. 1996, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 2 females, Ganesh Himal, 2165 m, 2 km W of Thangjet, 85 ’ 17 ’ E, 28 ’ 10 ’ N, M. Hreblay & T. Csővári leg., 17 – 18. IX. 1994 (MWM / ZSM); 3 males, Ganesh Himal, 1700 m, 3 km W Gogne, Mailung Khola, 85 ° 12 ’ E, 28 ° 05.5 ’ N, 25. III. 1995, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Ganesh Himal, 2000 m, near Nesim, 85 ° 17 ’ E, 28 ° 08 ’ N, 22. III. 1995, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, Ganesh Himal, 3 km NE of Sunpati, 2330 m, 13. VI. 1993, M. Hreblay, G. Csorba leg. (MWM / ZSM); 5 males, 2 females, Annapurna Himal, Poon Hill, 2700 m, 13 – 15. VII. 1998, Sinyaev & Afonin leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 1250 m, Annapurna Region, Sudame, 24 – 25. III. 95, 83 ° 45 ’ E, 28 ° 20 ’ N, M. Hreblay & L. Nemeth leg. (MWM / ZSM); 4 males, 4 females, Annapurna Himal, 2 km N Landrung, 1540 m, 83 ° 49 ’ E, 28 ° 23 ’ N, 8. IV. 1995, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 8 males, Annapurna Himal, 2 km S Bichowk, 1400 m, 83 ° 48 ’ E, 28 ° 20 ’ N, 10. IV. 1995, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 2 females, Annapurna Himal, Ulleri, 1900 m, 83 ° 43 ’ E, 28 ° 23 ’ N, 3. X. 1994, Csorba & Ronkay leg., gen. prep. Nos.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 456 (male), ZSM Arct. 2019 - 457 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 2 females, Annapurna Himal valley of Kali Gandaki, 2080 m, near Ghasa, 83 ° 39,5 ’ E, 28 ° 36 ’ N, 04. VI. 1996, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 49 / 2017 (male) (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 2 females, same data as previous but 18 – 19. VI. 1996 (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, same data as previous but 21. VII. 1995 (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Annapurna Himal valley of Kali Gandaki, Kokethanti village, 1650 m, 17. VI. 1996, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 48 / 2017 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Annapurna Himal, near Geirigan, 1340 m, 83 ° 45 ’ E, 28 ° 20 ’ N, 31. III. 1995, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, Annapurna Himal, 1 km NW Chitre, 2300 m, 83 ° 41 ’ E, 28 ° 25.5 ’ N, 23. VII. 1995, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 2 males, East Nepal, Milke Danda, Nesum, 1500 m, 2. VIII. 2000, Csővári & Hreblay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, East Nepal, Milke Danda, Gursa, 2100 m, 3. VII. 1998, Márton Hreblay & Balázs Benedek leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, East Nepal, Surke Danda, 1 km W of Kesawa, 2000 m, 30. X. 1999, Yangzi Sherpa leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, same locality as previous but 17. V. 1997, Hreblay & Scecsenyi leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Langtang, 5 km NNE of Dunche, Barkhu, 28 ° 08 ’ N, 85 ° 18 ’ E, 1835 m, 16. IX. 1994, Márton Hreblay & Tibor Csővári leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 458 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Katmandu, 1235 m, 6 – 7. X. 1994, Márton Hreblay & Tibor Csővári leg., gen. prep. No.: ZSM Arct. 2019 - 459 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, 500 m, Dhumre, Bimal Nager, 26 – 28. III. 1995, 84 ’ 26 ’’ E, 27 ’ 55 ’ N, M. Hreblay & L. Nemeth leg. (MWM / ZSM); 2 females, Nepal occ., Surkhet, 25. VII. 1996, 1000 m, Hreblay & Szin leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, West Nepal, 10 km N of Surkhet, 2000 m, 7. VIII. 1996, M. Hreblay & B. Szin leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, Nepal, Kathmandu, 1350 m, 4. VIII. 1995, M. Hreblay & T. Csővári leg. (MWM / ZSM); 2 males, East Nepal, Nesum, 1200 m, 28. X. 1999, Yangzi Sherpa leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, East Nepal, Deorali Danda, 1 km N of Yamphudin, 2000 m, 7. VIII. 2000, Csővári & Hreblay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 2 males, 1 female, 2 km WNW of Muldi (Murre), 2200 m, 11.10.95 (85 ° 54 ’ E, 27 ° 20 ’ N), M. Hreblay & L. Bodi leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Langtang, 1950 m, 1.5 km NE Dhunche, 85 ° 18 ’ E, 28 ° 06 ’ N, 24. IX. 1994, Csorba & Ronkay leg. (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, Godawani, W. Thomas leg., gen. prep. No.: AV 5468 (prepared by Volynkin) (CKC); BHUTAN: 1 male, 1 female, 4 km W Singor, 27 ° 21 ’ N, 91 ° 02 ’ E, 25. X. 2009, 2420 m, Yury Bezverkhov & Viktor Sinyaev leg., gen. prep. Nos.: AV 2785 (male), AV 2786 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (CKC).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDAFFE641FFFD5CFC36FC6E.taxon	discussion	Remark. Walker (1856) described only female of the species but did not specify a number of specimens therefore an existence of female syntypes is possible. In order to stabilize the nomenclature, we hereby designate the female specimen deposited in OUMNH as lectotype.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDAFFE641FFFD5CFC36FC6E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The forewing length is 9 – 10 mm in males and 12 – 13 mm in females. Males of M. straminea (Figs 9, 10) are very similar to M. idiomorfa sp. n. (Figs 1 – 3), M. dankana sp. n. (Figs 6, 7) and M. etalina sp. n. (Fig. 14) and reliable identification of them in most cases requires the examination of the genitalia. Female of M. straminea (Figs 11 – 13) is somewhat larger than in the similar species (Figs 4, 5, 8) and has slightly longer dentation of the postmedial line. The male genital capsule (Figs 21, 22) of the species clearly differs from those of the similar congeners (Figs 17 – 20, 23) in the strongly distally dilated valva with medially swollen costa and a relatively short, clawshaped distal saccular process. In the female genitalia, the two serrulate and weakly sclerotised plates in the corpus bursae are characteristic for M. straminea (Figs 27, 28). The ostium bursae structure of M. straminea is similar to M. dankana sp. n. (Fig. 26) but the ventral margin of the ostium is rectangular (trapezoid in M. dankana sp. n.) and the postvagianl dorsal area bears a triangular weakly sclerotised plate whereas it is rugose in the congener. Additionally, the appendix bursae of M. straminea originates from the anterior end of the ductus bursae and is directed anteriorly whereas appendices bursae of the similar congeners originate laterally (Fig. 25) or postero-laterally (Fig. 26).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFDAFFE641FFFD5CFC36FC6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from Pakistan, Nepal, India and Bhutan.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFD6FFE241FFFC18FCE4FE3E.taxon	description	(Figs 14, 23)	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFD6FFE241FFFC18FCE4FE3E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Figs 14, 23): male, “ NE India | Arunachal Pradesh | near Etalin | 700 m, 12 – 15. V. 1997 | leg. local collector ” / “ Genitalpräparat Heterocera Nr. 37.110 Museum Witt München ” (MWM / ZSM).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFD6FFE241FFFC18FCE4FE3E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species (Fig. 14) is superficially similar to small specimens of M. idiomorpha sp. n. (Figs 1 – 3) but is distinguished by the somewhat narrower forewing. However, the male genitalia of M. etalina sp. n. (Fig. 23) are most similar to those of the superficially dissimilar M. lyclenoides (Figs 15, 16) recently described from Laos. The male genital capsule of the new species differs from M. lyclenoides (Fig. 24) in the scobinated anellus (it is membranous in the congener), the shorter and narrower vinculum, the less distally dilated valva with a prominent medial dorsal protrusion (absent in M. lyclenoides), and the somewhat shorter and less up curved distal saccular process. The phallus of M. etalina sp. n. is shorter than in M. lyclenoides (in proportion to the genital capsule). Compared to M. lyclenoides, the vesica of the new species is medially broader and has a remarkably shorter lateral diverticulum bearing a shorter cluster of more robust spinules. The distal cluster of the new species is longer and broader than in M. lyclenoides and consists of longer spinules.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFD6FFE241FFFC18FCE4FE3E.taxon	description	Description. External morphology of adults (Fig. 14). Forewing length 9.5 mm in holotype male. Male antenna ciliate. Head straw yellow, frons with medial black spot. Thorax stray yellow, tegula with medial black spot. Abdomen pale ochreous-yellow. Forewing with smoothly convex costal margin and rounded apex. Forewing ground colour straw yellow, markings black. Costal margin blackish-grey in antemedial area. Subbasal spot elliptical, positioned on vein R. Antemedial area with four lengthwise streak-like spots of different lengths. Antemedial line strongly sinuous. Medial line smoothly arcuate. Discal spot small, elliptical. Postmedial line strongly and irregularly dentate. Subterminal line interrupted into short lengthwise dashes on veins. Terminal line interrupted into tiny spots on veins with black suffusion between veins. Cilia monotonous straw yellow. Hindwing monotonous pale yellowish-creamy. Male genitalia (Fig. 23). Uncus elongate, slender, laterally flattened, slightly down curved, distally tapered and apically pointed. Tuba analis moderately broad with thin and weakly sclerotised scaphium and distally setose subscaphium. Arms of tegumen dilated posteriorly and fused in posterior third. Vinculum somewhat shorter than tegumen, with heavily sclerotised, more or less V-shaped saccus having slightly convex arms and rounded tip. Valva somewhat dilated distally. Costa with strong, rounded medial dorsal protrusion. Distal lobe broad, rounded. Sacculus broad, weakly setose basally, with long, narrow but robust, gradually tapered and up curved distal process. Juxta short, shield-like with rounded posterior section. Anellus spinulose scobinated. Phallus cylindrical, straight, with distally tapered and apically rounded coecum. Main chamber of vesica broad, globular. Proximal lateral diverticulum short, semiglobular, covered with numerous robust spinules. Distal cluster elongate, consisting of moderately long and robust spinules. Distal lateral diverticulum short, semiglobular, with narrow cluster of weak spinulose scobination. Distal diverticulum broad, conical and apically rounded, membranous. Basal plate of vesica ejaculatorius elongate, narrow and moderately sclerotised. Female unknown.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFD6FFE241FFFC18FCE4FE3E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from its type locality in Northeast India (Arunachal Pradesh).	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
2337EF1BFFD6FFE241FFFC18FCE4FE3E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality.	en	Volynkin, Anton V., Singh, Navneet, Černý, Karel, Kirti, Jagbir Singh, Datta, Harvinder Singh (2022): Three new species of Miltochrista Hübner from India, Myanmar, Nepal and China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini). Zootaxa 5168 (3): 319-331, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.3.4
