taxonID	type	description	language	source
FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FDD4FC1BA9CD.taxon	discussion	Sundukov (2017) included the Korean Peninsula in the distribution of this species. As fully discussed by Shinohara (1980), this record is wrong. Shinohara et al. (2018 a) and Lee et al. (2019) did not include this species in the Korean fauna. There is no evidence for the occurrence of this species in Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FD68FC1DA8A6.taxon	discussion	Sundukov (2017) included the Sakha Republic in the distribution of this species. The record of Kajmuk (1972) from Yakutia (also Verzhutskij 1981) was based on a misidentification of Pamphilius balteatus (Fallén, 1808) (Shinohara 1986 c). Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev (1995) and Shinohara & Lelej (2007) did not include O. lucida in the Russian fauna. Onycholyda lucida is endemic to Japan (Shinohara 2019, 2020).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FC40FEA9AF5A.taxon	discussion	Sundukov (2017) noted “ Russia: without regions (Taeger, Blank, 2011) ” in the distribution of this species. This record is wrong, as explained under O. yezoensis below. There is no evidence for the occurrence of O. minomalis in Russia.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FB14FD52AE32.taxon	discussion	Sundukov & Lelej (2009, 2012) and Sundukov (2017) included Primorskij Kraj in the distribution of P. takeuchii. However, as discussed in detail by Shinohara (2013), the only known Russian specimen that was once determined as P. takeuchii (Beneš 1974) is the holotype of P. croceus Shinohara, 1986. Pamphilius takeuchii is endemic to Japan and not known from Russia (Shinohara & Zhou 2006).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FACCFC6FAD0A.taxon	discussion	For the distribution of this species, Sundukov (2017) noted “ Russia: FE (Shinohara, 1988 b) ”, apparently referring to Shinohara’s (1988 b, P. 180) statement, “ P. venustus (Smith) and P. sapporensis (Matsumura) from the Far East ”. Sundukov (2017) seems to have misunderstood “ the Far East ”, which is much wider than “ the Russian Far East ”. Pamphilius venustus is known only from Japan (Shinohara 2019, 2020).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FB88FECFADF6.taxon	description	The characters of this genus are as noted above for the tribe and this is regarded as a monophyletic group well supported by morphological and molecular evidence. In this genus Shinohara (2002 b) proposed six species groups, of which three (N. fausta, N. mandibularis and N. nemoralis groups) were included in our COI analysis and only one (N. nemoralis group) was included in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 137), the N. mandibularis group (N. mandibularis and N. coreana) was recovered as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support, but this clade as well as N. fausta (representative of the N. fausta group) were within the paraphyletic assemblage of the N. nemoralis group (five species). Possibly, the N. fausta and N. mandibularis groups may form a group of specialized species within the more generalized, speciose, and heterogeneous N. nemoralis group. This genus contains 23 species worldwide, including six species recorded from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara et al. 2018 a). Of the six species, two belong to the N. mandibularis group and four to the N. nemoralis group. The larvae of Neurotoma species feed on the host leaves, usually gregariously in webs. The known host plants are arborescent Rosaceae (N. fausta and N. nemoralis groups) and Fagaceae (Quercus spp.) (N. satoi and N. mandibularis groups).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FDD4FBACA8CA.taxon	discussion	The representatives of this tribe are characterized as follows (Shinohara 2002 b): head with lateral sutures divergent forward and not connected with antennal furrows (Fig. 1: 1 a); tarsal claws elongate (e. g., Figs 21 h, 23 h, 24 h, 26 h); forewing with vein Scl absent (Fig. 1: 1 b); abdominal sternum 7 in female not strongly convex, with paired rounded ridges apically, enclosing rather small triangular marginal depression (fig. 4 E – G in Shinohara 2002 b); lancet with lamnium enlarged (Fig. 1: 1 c).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FDD4FBACA8CA.taxon	description	Two postulated autapomorphies, the absence of vein Scl in the forewing and the enlarged lamnium of the lancet of the ovipositor, may support the monophyly of this tribe. In our molecular analyses using COI and NaK sequences (Figs 15, 16), Neurotoma was also retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support. The Neurotomini contains a single genus, Neurotoma, in the extant fauna.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FF4CFE59AAF6.taxon	discussion	The subfamily Pamphiliinae is represented by two tribes and six genera in the world, of which two tribes and four genera have been found in eastern Asia. Shinohara (2002 b) discussed the taxonomy of this subfamily in detail, based mainly on adult morphology. His classification is generally followed here.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FF4CFE59AAF6.taxon	description	The monophyly of each of the Pamphiliinae, Neurotoma, Pamphiliini and Onycholyda was well supported by morphology (Shinohara 2002 b, Fig. 14). In both COI and NaK analyses (present work, Figs 15, 16), these taxa were also retrieved as monophyletic.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3DFF67F8D4FAFDA90F.taxon	description	(Figs 19, 20) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405028)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3DFF67F8D4FAFDA90F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Eighteen specimens, including the type series. Eight specimens are from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1980, 1992 b, Shinohara & Lee 1997, and Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 b).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3DFF67F8D4FAFDA90F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russian Far East (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea, Japan (Honshu), China (Zhejiang) (Shinohara & Xiao 2006).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3DFF67F8D4FAFDA90F.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Fagaceae: Quercus acutissima Carruth. (Shinohara 1980).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3DFF67F8D4FAFDA90F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a rare species with no molecular data. With N. coreana Shinohara, 1980, and N. sinica Shinohara, 1980, it was included in the N. atrata subgroup of the N. mandibularis group by Shinohara (2002 b).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3DFF67FDCDFCFAAFCF.taxon	description	(Figs 21 – 22) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405034)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3DFF67FDCDFCFAAFCF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fifty-two specimens, including the type series, all from South Korea (Shinohara 1980, Shinohara & Byun 1993, Shinohara & Lee 1997, Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a, present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gyeonggi-do: 4 ♀ 7 ♂, Mt. Gwanggyosan, Suwon, 24. IV. 2000, H. S. Lee (NSMT). Gangwondo: 9 ♀ (incl. NSMT 30596), Ucheon-myeon, Wuwon, Hoensong-gun, 17 – 19. V. 2000, A. Ishizuka (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3DFF67FDCDFCFAAFCF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3DFF67FDCDFCFAAFCF.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown. Shinohara & Byun (1993) and Shinohara (2002 b) suggested that Quercus acutissima is the host plant of this species (see also Lee et al. 2019), but this association has not been proved.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3DFF67FDCDFCFAAFCF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This Korean endemic species is a member of the N. atrata subgroup of the N. mandibularis group (Shinohara 2002 b). In the present molecular analysis using COI, where nine Neurotoma species were treated, N. coreana was sister to N. mandibularis with the minimum p - distance of 6.8 %. The clade (N. coreana + N. mandibularis) was well supported by a 100 % UFBoot value (Fig. 137).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3CFF67FA8DFDDEA817.taxon	description	(Figs 23 – 25) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405040)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3CFF67FA8DFDDEA817.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 130 specimens, including seven specimens from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1980, Shinohara & Byun 1993, present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (NSMT-I-Hym 28857), Valley of Tigrovaya River, 180 m alt., 12 km N. of Partizansk, 4. VI. 1994, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ (Fig. 23, DEI-GISHym 12985), Komissarovo N, 130 m, 45.000 ° N 131.788 ° E, 4. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32050), same data (SDEI).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3CFF67FA8DFDDEA817.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj, East Siberia), South Korea, northern and central Europe, Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) (Shinohara 1980).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3CFF67FA8DFDDEA817.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Cerasus spp., Sorbus spp., Crataegus chlorosarca (Taeger et al. 1998; Shinohara & Hara 1999). Records of Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder and Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun (Lee et al. 2019) need confirmation.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3CFF67FA8DFDDEA817.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a widely distributed Palaearctic species showing some variation (Shinohara 1980). The two females from Russia and Japan in Figs 23 and 24 differ particularly in the surface microsculpture of the head. AS has examined about 130 specimens of this species mainly from Japan but also from Finland, Latvia, Turkey, Russian Far East and South Korea (collection data are partly given in Shinohara 1980 and National Museum of Nature and Science 2021) and found it difficult to recognize two or more distinguishable forms among the specimens. For molecular analysis, only one specimen each from Russia and Japan was available. They differed by 4.4 % in COI and 0.8 % in NaK sequences. These values were quite large, considering that the maximum intraspecific p - distance in N. sibirica from Russia and Japan was 2.0 % (n = 13) in COI and 0.1 % (n = 10) in NaK. Further genetic, morphological and bionomic approaches, particularly with more material for genetics, may reveal existence of multiple species within the current concept of N. iridescens, but we treat it as a single species for now. The nearest relative of N. iridescens suggested by our molecular analysis was the European N. nemoralis (Linné, 1758), diverging by a minimum of 5.5 % in COI and 1.8 % in NaK, or the East Asian N. sibirica, diverging by a minimum of 6.0 % in COI or 0.9 % in NaK. In both COI and NaK trees (Figs 137, 152), however, N. iridescens and N. sibirica were sisters and N. nemoralis was sister to this clade, the topology supported by 97 % or 100 % UFBoot values. Shinohara (2002 b) placed N. iridescens, N. sibirica and N. nemoralis in the N. nemoralis group, wherein N. iridescens was placed in the N. saltuum subgroup and N. sibirica and N. nemoralis in N. nemoralis subgroup. The minimum distance between specimens of N. iridescens and N. saltuum was 9.9 % in COI. The intrageneric grouping in Neurotoma apparently needs a revision.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3CFF67FCF4FC18AFDD.taxon	description	(Figs 26, 27) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405046)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3CFF67FCF4FC18AFDD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Nine specimens (type series) from South Korea (Shinohara 1980).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3CFF67FCF4FC18AFDD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3CFF67FCF4FC18AFDD.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Fagaceae: Quercus acutissima Carruth. (Shinohara 1980).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3CFF67FCF4FC18AFDD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a peculiar and very rare species known only from the type series collected in Suwon, South Korea in 1924 – 1932. Shinohara (2002 b) placed it in the N. satoi group.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3BFF67FAA3FD3EAFA2.taxon	description	(Figs 28, 29) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405055)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3BFF67FAA3FD3EAFA2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 295 specimens, including the lectotype. A total of 183 specimens are from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Gussakovskij 1935; Shinohara 1980, 1992 b; Shinohara & Byun 1993; Shinohara & Lee 1997; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 4 ♀ 2 ♂ (incl. DEI-GISHym 32030, 32042), Gornotajozhnoe, 1 km E, 150 m, 43.694 ° N 132.168 ° E, 22. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 010 (SDEI); 2 ♀, Arsenyev, Ski-Base Bodrost, 200 m, 44.122 ° N 133.270 ° E, 25. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 017 (SDEI); 1 ♀, Arsenyev, Ski-Base Bodrost, 200 m, 44.122 ° N 133.270 ° E, 26. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 018 (SDEI); 1 ♀, Arsenyev, Ski-Base Bodrost; 200 m. 44.122 ° N 133.270 ° E, 28. V. 2016; leg. K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 021 (SDEI); 1 ♀, Yakovlevka 12 km NW, 250 m, 44.541 ° N 133.366 ° E, 27. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger (SDEI); 2 ♀ (incl. DEI-GISHym 32046), Yakovlevka 10 km NW, 250 m, 44.523 ° N 133.392 ° E, 27. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 020 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32047), Taejka, 5 km SW, 170 m, 44.050 ° N 133.177 ° E, 28. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32045), 1 ♂ (DEI-GISHym 12986, Fig. 29), 5 ♀, 5 ♂, Rettihovka, 170 m, 44.182 ° N, 132.804 ° E, 29. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 023 (SDEI); 11 ♀ (incl. DEI-GISHym 32033, 32054), Rettihovka 9 km E, 170 m, 44.178 ° N 132.877 ° E, 29. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger RU 024 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32055), Partizansk SSW, 140 m, 43.073 ° N 133.074 ° E, 9. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger (SDEI); 3 ♀ (incl. DEI-GISHym 32048), Anisimovka W, 250 m, 43.167 ° N 132.759 ° E, 13. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 050 (SDEI); 2 ♀ (incl. DEI-GISHym 32044), Anisimovka 5 km SSE, 500 m, 43.124 ° N 132.796 ° E, 15. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger RU 052 (SDEI); 2 ♀ (incl. DEIGISHym 12987, Fig. 28), Anisimovka, Gribanovka, 600 m, 43.124 ° N 132.796 ° E, 15. VI. 2017, Taeger, Loktionov, Proshch., RU 103 (SDEI); 1 ♀, Anisimovka 7 km S, Mt. Litovka; 1200 m, 43.102 ° N 132.786 ° E, 19. VI. 2017, leg. V. Loktionov, RU 114 (SDEI); 1 ♀, Tigrovye N, 300 m, 43.205 ° N 132.911 ° E, 300 m, 17. VI. 2017, leg. A. Taeger, M. Proshchalykin, T. Schmitt, V. Loktionov, RU 108 (SDEI).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3BFF67FAA3FD3EAFA2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (East Siberia, “ Amur ”, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin), North and South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Shikotan Is.) (Shinohara & Byun 1993), China (Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Liaoning) (Shinohara & Byun 1993; Xiao & Chen 2005; Sundukov 2015).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3BFF67FAA3FD3EAFA2.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun var. stellipila Maxim. (Shinohara 1980; Shinohara & Hara 1999). Records of Populus tremula L. and Spiraea sp. (Lee et al. 2019) need confirmation; the former is most probably erroneous.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3BFF67FAA3FD3EAFA2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Adults of this species are locally abundant around Sorbaria bushes in the right season. The larvae are gregarious webspinners on this plant (Shinohara 1980; Shinohara & Hara 1999). The maximum p - distance between specimens from Russia and Japan was 2.0 % (n = 13) in COI and 1.2 % (n = 10) in NaK. The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 6.0 % in COI and 0.9 % in NaK, was N. iridescens. These two species formed a clade in the trees (Figs 137, 152), as discussed above.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24CAC3BFF67FB60FA96AD6C.taxon	description	(Figs 30, 31) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 16856284)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24CAC3BFF67FB60FA96AD6C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Two specimens (types) from South Korea (Shinohara et al. 2018).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24CAC3BFF67FB60FA96AD6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24CAC3BFF67FB60FA96AD6C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24CAC3BFF67FB60FA96AD6C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This recently described species is known only from the female holotype and the male paratype, both from the northwestern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. No molecular data are available. It belongs to the N. saltuum subgroup of the N. nemoralis group as defined by Shinohara (2002 b) (Shinohara et al. 2018 a).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24CAC3AFF67F952FEF9A882.taxon	discussion	The representatives of this tribe are characterized as follows (Shinohara 2002 b): head with lateral sutures subparallel and connected with antennal furrows (Fig. 1: 1 aa); tarsal claws short (e. g., Figs 35 h, 46 h, 58 g, 87 h); forewing with vein Scl present (Fig. 1: 1 bb); abdominal sternum 7 in female rather simply subconically swollen posteriorly, without paired ridges and triangular marginal depression (fig. 4 K – M in Shinohara 2002 b; Onycholyda exceptionally has paired rounded ridges and a very flat (in ventral view) subtriangular marginal depression or weakly sclerotized posterior margin, fig. 4 H – J in Shinohara 2002 b); lancet with lamnium small (Fig. 1: 1 cc).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24CAC3AFF67F952FEF9A882.taxon	description	The tribe Pamphiliini is regarded as monophyletic. The characters listed above, except for the presence of the vein Sc 1 in the forewing, are postulated as its autapomorphies. Our molecular analyses using COI and NaK genes also supported the monophyly of this tribe with UFBoot support of 100 % (Figs 15, 16). This tribe comprises five genera and 170 species in the recent world fauna (Taeger et al. 2010; Shinohara & Wei 2012, 2016; Shinohara et al. 2018 c; present work). Here we treat three genera, Chrysolyda, Onycholyda and Pamphilius, containing 52 species as occurring in the Russian Far East and Korea. Of the three genera, Chrysolyda with only two world species and Onycholyda with 42 world species were considered monophyletic based on morphology (Shinohara 2002 b). Our molecular analyses using the COI and NaK sequences also strongly supported the monophyly of Onycholyda with UFBoot support of 100 % (Figs 15, 16). Molecular data for Chrysolyda and the two western Palaearctic genera, Kelidoptera Konow, 1897 and Pseudocephaleia Zirngiebl, 1937, were not available for the present study. The monophyly or non-monophyly of Pamphilius and its relationship with Onycholyda should be clarified by further studies. Working on morphological characters, Shinohara (2002 b) was not able to detect any autapomorphies for Pamphilius, and Onycholyda was retrieved as a sister group of all Pamphilius except for P. sylvarum and P. basilaris groups in his cladogram (fig. 11 in Shinohara 2002 b; see Fig. 14 for an abbreviated version). In our NaK analysis, Pamphilius was recovered as monophyletic with UFBoot support of 99 % and sister to Onycholyda (Fig. 16). In the COI analysis, Pamphilius was retrieved as paraphyletic and Onycholyda was a part of large assemblage of Pamphilius (supported by 97 % UFBoot value) forming a sister group of P. japonicus (currently belonging to P. sylvaticus group) (Fig. 15). Therefore, the three available datasets, namely, morphology (Shinohara, 2002 b, Fig. 14), COI genes (present work, Fig. 15) and NaK genes (present work, Fig. 16), supported three different hypothetical relationships.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FAA6FACAAC31.taxon	description	(Figs 17, 18) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11402748)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FAA6FACAAC31.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Eighteen specimens, including the type series. Ten specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara & Lee 1997).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FAA6FACAAC31.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russian Far East (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu) (Shinohara & Lee 1997).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FAA6FACAAC31.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FAA6FACAAC31.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a rare species with no molecular data. Zinovjev (1992) mentioned Pamphilius leucocephalus from Japan and southern Primorye without any collection data. We have not seen any specimens from Russia.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FC41FBC8AFE0.taxon	discussion	This genus is well defined by the characters given in the key (see Shinohara 2002 b and Shinohara & Wei 2012 for more details). Besides the type species, C. leucocephala, only one species, C. yunshanica Shinohara, 2012, from Hunan Province, China, is known. A postulated autapomorphy of this genus is the absence of the basal preapical spur of the hind tibia (Fig. 2: 2 b, c). The host plants and immature stages are unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24DAC39FF67F8EAFBDAAE0E.taxon	description	Shinohara (2002 b) divided the world species of this genus into two species groups, the O. amplecta group and the O. luteicornis group, based on morphology. In our molecular work, 14 species of the O. amplecta group and five species of the O. luteicornis group were used for the COI analysis, and 10 species of the O. amplecta group and four species of the O. luteicornis group were used for the NaK analysis. In general, interspecific relationships were poorly resolved in our Onycholyda trees. In the COI analysis (Figs 138, 139), three Nearctic species of the O. luteicornis group (O. luteicornis, O. nigritibialis and O. sitkensis) formed a clade, though with only 61 % UFBoot support, but two Palaearctic species of this species group (O. armata and O. kumamotonis) were rather distantly separated from them and located among the members of the O. amplecta group. In the NaK analysis (Fig. 153), the two Palaearctic species of the O. luteicornis group (O. armata and O. kumamotonis) were retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support and the two Nearctic species of this species group (O. luteicornis and O. nigritibialis) were also retrieved as monophyletic with 95 % UFBoot support, but these Palaearctic and Nearctic clades did not form a clade and were recovered among the members of the O. amplecta group. Thus, the result of our COI and NaK analyses did not support the dichotomous division of the genus into species groups advocated by Shinohara (2002 b). On the other hand, it is interesting that in the COI tree all the 17 Nearctic specimens of six species were retrieved as a monophyletic group with 99 % UFBoot support and each of the O. amplecta group (O. amplecta, O. rufofasciata and O. multisignata) and the O. luteicornis group (O. luteicornis, O. nigritibialis and O. sitkensis) formed a clade with low UFBoot support of 61 %. The intrageneric relationships in Onycholyda still need a revision. This genus is most diverse in warm temperate regions of eastern Asia. There are 42 valid species worldwide (Taeger et al. 2010; Shinohara & Wei 2012, 2016; Shinohara et al. 2018 c), of which 32 occur in eastern Asia. In the Russian Far East and Korea, only eight Onycholyda species have been found, whereas ten species are known to occur in Japan and 19 species in China. The larvae of Onycholyda species feed on the host leaves singly or gregariously in simple leaf-rolls or, when they become larger, often in webs. All known larvae feed on shrubby or herbaceous Rosaceae, except for one doubtful record of Cornus (Cornaceae) in North America (Middlekauff 1964; Shinohara et al. 2019). Most species are associated with the genus Rubus and a few with the genera Filipendula and Agrimonia (Middlekauff 1964; Shinohara 2002 b; Shinohara & Wei 2010, 2016; Shinohara & Lee 2011; Shinohara et al. 2018 b, c).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24EAC38FF67FACDFBC4A963.taxon	description	(Figs 32 – 34) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405052)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24EAC38FF67FACDFBC4A963.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Twenty-eight specimens, including 26 specimens from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara & Beneš 1988; Shinohara & Byun 1993; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♂ (DEI-GISHym 86268), Arsenyev, Ski-Base Bodrost, 200 m, 44.122 ° N 133.270 ° E, 25. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger RU 017 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (Fig. 33, DEI-GISHym 86315), 1 ♂ (DEI-GISHym 86314), Yakovlevka 12 km NW, 250 m, 44.541 ° N 133.366 ° E, 27. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger RU 019 (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m, Odaesan Mts., 4. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24EAC38FF67FACDFBC4A963.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Tomskaja Oblast’, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea, China (Jilin).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24EAC38FF67FACDFBC4A963.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24EAC38FF67FACDFBC4A963.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The specimens recorded from Zhejiang Province, China, as O. armata by Shinohara & Xiao (2006) belong to O. atra Shinohara & Wei, 2016 (Shinohara & Wei 2016). In China, O. armata has been found only in the northeastern part (Jilin). Morphologically, this species closely resembles O. kumamotonis particularly in having a comparatively long flagellomere 1 and a similar structure of the male clypeus. Shinohara (2002 b) placed these two species in his O kumamotonis complex of the O. luteicornis subgroup of the O. luteicornis group. This placement was supported by our NaK analysis, where the nearest neighbour of O. armata, diverging by a minimum of only 0.2 %, was O. kumamotonis, and O. armata and O. kumamotonis formed a clade with 100 % UFBoot support (Fig. 153). However, in the COI analysis, the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 2.6 %, was O. viriditibialis, with which O. armata formed a clade with 100 % UFBoot support (Fig. 138). The maximum p - distance between three specimens of O. armata from Primorskij Kraj was 0.6 % in COI and 0 % in NaK. It is interesting that the known distributions of O. armata and O. kumamotonis do not overlap. Onycholyda armata is a continental species and O. kumamotonis occurs only in Japan and Sakhalin.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC38FF67FD21FD00ADEA.taxon	description	(Figs 35, 36) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405067)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC38FF67FD21FD00ADEA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 355 specimens, including the lectotype. Two specimens are from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1985 d).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC38FF67FD21FD00ADEA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Honshu,? Kyushu).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC38FF67FD21FD00ADEA.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Filipendula camtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. (Shinohara & Okutani 1983; Shinohara 1985 c).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC38FF67FD21FD00ADEA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is not rare around Filipendula camtschatica bushes in Hokkaido, where two species of Pamphilius, P. venustus (Smith, 1874) and P. sapporensis (Matsumura, 1912) also occur together. These three pamphiliids are all associated with Filipendula. In the COI analysis (Fig. 139), three specimens from Hokkaido (NSMT 30554, 30788, 30789) and four specimens from Honshu (NSMT 30730, 30785 – 30787) each formed a different cluster and the two clusters had a sistergroup relationship supported by 100 % UFBoot values. The maximum p - distance in the Hokkaido cluster was 0.2 % and that in the Honshu cluster was 1 %. The minimum p - distance between the Honshu and Hokkaido clusters was 2.2 %. In the NaK tree (Fig. 153), the four Honshu specimens formed a cluster but the three Hokkaido specimens did not and, with the Honshu cluster, formed a polytomous clade, which was sister to O. armata (this clade, O. kumamotonis + O. armata, was supported by 100 % UFBoot value). The maximum p - distance within O. kumamotonis was 0.4 % and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.2 %, was O. armata. The Hokkaido and Honshu populations of O. kumamotonis certainly have some genetic divergence, but we will leave them as one species until more evidence of speciation becomes available.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC47FF67F8A8FBA0A877.taxon	description	(Figs 37 – 39) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405073)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC47FF67F8A8FBA0A877.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Forty specimens, including the type series. Thirty-nine specimens are from the Russian Far East and North and South Korea (Shinohara 1987 b; Shinohara & Byun 1993; Shinohara & Lee 1997; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a, b; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (Fig. 38, DEI-GISHym 86743), Partizansk SSW, 140 m, 43.073 ° N 133.074 ° E, 9. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 044 (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2 ♀ 1 ♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m, Odaesan Mts., 29. V. – 1. VI. 1998, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, same locality, 2. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC47FF67F8A8FBA0A877.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea, China (Heilongjiang) (Shinohara 1992 a).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC47FF67F8A8FBA0A877.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (Shinohara & Lee 2011).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC47FF67F8A8FBA0A877.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has much in common with O. decorata Shinohara, 1985, from Japan, in adult and larval morphology and host plant (Shinohara 1987 b; Shinohara & Lee 2011). In our molecular analyses, the two species were also quite close, diverging by a minimum of 1.1 % in COI and 0.3 % in NaK. The two species formed a clade with 100 % UFBoot support in both COI and NaK analyses (Figs 139, 153). However, we treat them as distinct species, because the differences between them (Shinohara 1987 b) are small but quite constant. The newly acquired female specimen from Russia (Fig. 38) has extensively orange-marked temples and vertex, but is otherwise not distinguishable from other specimens (Fig. 37) (Shinohara 1987 b). The pale coloration of the head of this specimen is asymmetrical suggesting its aberrant nature (Fig. 38 e).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC47FF67FC55FBC8AD5A.taxon	description	(Figs 40, 41) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405079)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC47FF67FC55FBC8AD5A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 200 specimens, including the holotype. Nine specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara & Byun 1993; Shinohara & Lee 1997; Shinohara & Lee 2011; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♂, Tokchomgogae, 510 m, nr. Chuncheon, 28. V. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m, Odaesan Mts., 29. V. – 1. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC47FF67FC55FBC8AD5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Korea, China (Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Hunan, Zhejiang).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC47FF67FC55FBC8AD5A.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Rubus adenophorus Rolfe, R. parvifolius L. (Shinohara & Wei 2010; Shinohara & Lee 2011).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC47FF67FC55FBC8AD5A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was described from South Korea (Shinohara & Byun 1993) but later found across vast areas of southern China, where it is more commonly found (Shinohara & Wei 2012). It is a member of the O. wongi complex of the O. wongi subgroup of the O. luteicornis group. The Onycholyda wongi complex is represented by seven species (Shinohara et al. 2018 c), all confined to southern China, except for O. odaesana. Onycholyda odaesana is the only Pamphiliidae known so far to occur both in southern China and Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC46FF67F939FECCA8CA.taxon	description	(Figs 42, 43) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405088)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC46FF67F939FECCA8CA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Forty specimens, including the lectotype (Blank et al. 1998). Thirty-one specimens are from the Russian Far East and North Korea (Shinohara & Byun 1993; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 86157), Gornotajozhnoe, Dendrarium, 150 m, 43.691 ° N 132.153 ° E, 21. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 009 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 86310), Yakovlevka 12 km NW, 250 m, 44.541 ° N 133.366 ° E, 27. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 019 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32031), Arsenyev, Ski-Base Bodrost, 200 m, 44.122 ° N 133.270 ° E, 30. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU 026 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32053), Nakhodka 10 km ESE: Beregovoj, 30 m, 42.788 ° N 133.030 ° E, 7. VI. 2017, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU 040 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32037), Nikolaevka 5 km NNE, 140 m, 43.137 ° N 133.249 ° E, 11. VI. 2017, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU 047 (SDEI); 1 ♀, Sedanka, 80 m, 43.210 ° N 131.995 ° E, 14. VI. 2017, A. Taeger, V. Loktionov & M. Proshchalykin, (Fig. 42, DEI-GISHym 12979); 2 ♀, Ussuri Nature Reserve, 150 m, 43.644 ° N 132.346 ° E, 23. VI. 2017, A. Taeger, M. Proshchalykin, T. Schmitt, V. Loktionov, RU 127 (SDEI).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC46FF67F939FECCA8CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern Europe, across Siberia to Primorskij Kraj, North Korea, China (Jilin) (Shinohara & Taeger 2007).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC46FF67F939FECCA8CA.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. (Kangas & Syrjänen 1962). Record of Spiraea sp. (Kajmuk 1972; Verzhutskij 1981; Lee et al. 2019) needs confirmation.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC46FF67F939FECCA8CA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a widely distributed species associated with Filipendula (Kangas & Syrjänen 1962). It has much in common with O. decorata and O. nigroclypeata whose larvae feed on Agrimonia (Shinohara 2006; Shinohara & Lee 2011). In the COI tree (Fig. 139), O. sertata was retrieved as a sister of the clade represented by O. decorata and O. nigroclypeata but with 93 % UFBoot support, which was not high enough to warrant credibility. The maximum p - distance within O. sertata (n = 8) was 0.8 % and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 3.5 %, was O. decorata and O. viriditibialis. The NaK tree was not well resolved among the species related to O. sertata (Fig. 153).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F231AC45FF67FB89FE75AAAE.taxon	description	(Figs 44, 45) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405106)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F231AC45FF67FB89FE75AAAE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 205 specimens, including the type series. Thirty-one specimens are from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1986 a; Shinohara & Byun 1993; Shinohara & Lee 1997; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a, b; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (DEIGISHym 32041), Partizansk SSW, 140 m, 43.073 ° N 133.074 ° E, 9. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU 044 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32038), Anisimovka W, 250 m, 43.167 ° N 132.759 ° E, 13. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger RU 050 (SDEI).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F231AC45FF67FB89FE75AAAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) (Shinohara 1986 a).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F231AC45FF67FB89FE75AAAE.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Rubus crataegifolius Bunge, R. microphyllus L. f. (Hara & Shinohara 2017).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F231AC45FF67FB89FE75AAAE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Onycholyda viriditibialis was described from Japan (Takeuchi 1930). Shinohara (1986 a) synonymized Pamphilius tsherskii Gussakovskij, 1935, described from Vladivostok, with this species, even though he noted a few very small colour pattern differences between them. In both COI and NaK trees (Figs 138, 153), the Russian and Japanese specimens formed separate clades, each with 100 % UFBoot support. The Russian and Japanese clades together formed a clade with 100 % UFBoot support in the COI tree (Fig. 138) but they did not form a clade in the NaK tree (Fig. 153). The maximum p - distance among the Russian specimens was 0.2 % in COI (n = 3) and 0 % in NaK (n = 2) and that among the Japanese specimens (n = 4) was 0.9 % in COI and 0 % in NaK, whereas the minimum p - distance between the two populations was 1.2 % in COI and 0.4 % in NaK. Apparently, there is some diversification among the geographically isolated populations, but here we treat all as a single species because we do not consider the observed differences sufficient to assume different species. The nearest neighbour was O. armata in COI analysis, diverging by a minimum of 2.6 %, and O. sertata and O. tenuis in NaK analysis, diverging by a minimum of 0.5 %. The flight period of this species is long, from May to September, in South Korea (Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a, b) and also in Japan (Shinohara 1986 a). The long flight period of adults is quite unusual for a pamphiliid, otherwise known only for the closely related O. esakii (Takeuchi, 1938). It is probably a result of polymodal adult emergence (Shinohara & Kojima 2009).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67FE6DFD0DAEED.taxon	description	(Figs 46, 47) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405091)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67FE6DFD0DAEED.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 40 specimens, including the type series. One specimen is from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1987 a).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67FE6DFD0DAEED.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is.) (Sundukov 2015).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67FE6DFD0DAEED.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Rubus parvifolius L. (Hara & Shinohara 2017).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67FE6DFD0DAEED.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is similar to two Japanese species, O. minomalis (Takeuchi, 1930) and O. similis Shinohara, 1987, and a Chinese species, O. atra Shinohara & Wei, 2016 (Shinohara 1987 a; Shinohara & Wei 2016). Molecular data are not available for O. atra, but we have COI and NaK sequences for O. minomalis, O. similis and O. yezoensis and they formed a clade with 100 % UFBoot support in the COI and 99 % UFBoot support in the NaK genes (Figs 139, 153). In the COI analysis, the two sequences of O. yezoensis differed by 0.1 % and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 2.3 %, was O. similis, with which O. yezoensis formed a clade with 100 % UFBoot support (Fig. 139). In the NaK analysis, the two sequences of O. yezoensis differed by 0.1 % and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0 %, was O. similis. Takeuchi (1936 a) first recorded this species as “ Anoplolyda minomalis ” (= O. minomalis) from Sakhalin. Shinohara (1985 b), adopting a broader concept of O. minomalis, included Sakhalin in the distribution of O. minomalis. However, Shinohara (1987 a) recognized three species in the previous concept of O. minomalis and described the species occurring in Hokkaido and Sakhalin as O. yezoensis, thus excluding Sakhalin from the distribution of O. minomalis. Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev (1995) correctly understood this history and noted “ yezoensis Shinohara, 1987 (= minomalis auct., in part). — EFE ”. Sundukov (2017) included O. minomalis in the Russian fauna, probably according to Shinohara (1985 b) and neglecting Shinohara (1987 a). Without further evidence, O. minomalis should be excluded from the list of the Russian fauna.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67F9ACFAACACD5.taxon	description	(Figs 48, 49) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405103)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67F9ACFAACACD5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Thirteen specimens from the Russian Far East and South Korea, including the type series (Shinohara 1987 b; Shinohara & Byun 1993; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67F9ACFAACACD5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea (Shinohara & Byun 1993).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67F9ACFAACACD5.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67F9ACFAACACD5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a rare and little-known species, with no material available for molecular work.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F233AC44FF67FF04FA92AEB5.taxon	description	Pamphilius is a large and rather heterogeneous genus, characterized as follows: anterior part of malar space without setiferous area (female) or pit (male) (Fig. 2: 3 aa); supraocular area in male without narrow, dull, densely pubescent patch; facial crests in male various in shape, nearly flattened, rounded or carinate (e. g., Figs 55 e, 63 e, 65 e); ventral inner surface of fore tibia without disconnected row of scale-like setae; tarsal claws without acute basal lobe (e. g., Figs 56 g, 74 i, 89 g). It is distinguishable from the related genera by the features given in the key (see Shinohara 2002 b for more details), but as discussed above, the monophyly of this genus is uncertain based on both morphological and molecular data. Based on morphology, Shinohara (2002 b) divided the world species of this genus into 12 species groups, of which four major groups (P. vafer, P. sylvaticus, P. alternans and P. histrio groups) contained about 80 % of all the species then known. Each of the remaining eight species groups contained only one to four species. The P. ochreipes group, represented by two Nearctic species, is here treated as a part of the P. vafer group. In the Russian Far East and Korea, the P. inanitus, P. latifrons and P. sulphureipes groups have been recorded in addition to the four major species groups. For the molecular analyses of the present study, representatives of the seven species groups mentioned above, except for the P. latifrons group, and additionally the P. basilaris group, were used. The Pamphilius basilaris group contains two species associated with Juglandaceae from Japan and China (Shinohara 2003 b; Shinohara et al. 2012). It has not been recorded from the Russian Far East and Korea, but the species group is likely to be found particularly in Korea. The monophyly of each species group and the relationship among the species groups were discussed by Shinohara (2002 b) based on morphology and will be examined further below in the light of the results of molecular analyses. Generally speaking, the monophyly of each species group was at least partly supported also by molecular data (see discussion under respective species group below) but the relationship among the species groups is still poorly clarified, as the hypotheses based on three different data sets (morphology, Fig. 14; COI sequences, Fig. 15; NaK sequences, Fig. 16) differ drastically (see also discussion under Pamphiliini above).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F233AC43FF67F99BFEB0A83A.taxon	discussion	The members of this species group are characterized as follows: clypeus entirely yellow; antenna with scape entirely yellow, in females sometimes marked with dark brown or entirely black; antennal flagellomere 1 2.2 – 3.0 × length of flagellomere 2; right mandible tridentate with incision between median and apical teeth distinct; left mandible tridentate with low middle tooth or bidentate with no middle tooth; forewing sometimes with brownish infuscated area and cell C pilose or glabrous; femora entirely pale, except in P. lethierryi subgroup. Ovipositor sheath appendage more or less pilose (Fig. 90 g). Male genitalia: ventral arm of gonostipes with narrow plate-like process along proximal margin, developing inside gonocardo; inner margin of harpe roundly or angularly produced at base; apiceps broad; valviceps in lateral view rather short, apex directed above, ventral margin rounded, without conspicuous dorsoapical process.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F233AC43FF67F99BFEB0A83A.taxon	description	Three subgroups (P. alternans, P. komonensis and P. lethierryi subgroups) containing 17 world species are known in the Palaearctic region (Shinohara 2002 b; Shinohara & Zhou 2006). We recognized two species of the P. komonensis subgroup in the Russian Far East and Korea. Twenty-seven sequences of nine species of three subgroups were treated in COI analysis and 15 sequences of six species of the same three subgroups were treated in NaK analysis. In the COI analysis (Fig. 140), the P. alternans subgroup (11 specimens of four species) was recovered as monophyletic with high UFBoot value (99 %). Also, a part of the P. komonensis subgroup (P. komonensis Takeuchi, 1930 + P. kyutekparki Shinohara, 1991) and another part of the P. komonensis subgroup (P. croceus + P. takeuchii) are both retrieved as monophyletic, respectively, with 100 % UFBoot value. These three clades form a monophyletic group (P. alternans group without P. lethierryi subgroup), but with low UFBoot support (78 %) and unexpected inclusion in this clade of P. norimbergensis Enslin, 1917, which is currently placed in the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b). The only remaining specimen of the P. alternans group included in the COI analysis, namely, one sequence of the P. lethierryi subgroup, was recovered as sister to P. histrio (P. histrio group) but with very low UFBoot support (63 %) in the remote part of the tree. Our COI analysis therefore did not support the monophyly of the P. alternans group (P. alternans + P. komonensis + P. lethierryi subgroups). The placement of P. norimbergensis, whose samples were not available for the NaK analysis, should be confirmed by further studies. In the NaK analysis (Fig. 154), the P. alternans group (three subgroups) and the P. komonensis subgroup (13 sequences of four species) were retrieved as monophyletic with high UFBoot support (99 % and 100 %, respectively). The P. alternans subgroup (one specimen available) was sister to the P. lethierryi subgroup (one specimen available) but with very low UFBoot support (30 %). Almost all recorded host plants for the members of this species group are Sapindaceae (Acer) (Shinohara 2002 b). The only exception is the European P. marginatus feeding on Betulaceae (Carpinus and Corylus) (Taeger et al. 1998).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F234AC43FF67FC19FBF1AC52.taxon	description	(Figs 71, 72) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405169)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F234AC43FF67FC19FBF1AC52.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fifty-eight specimens, including the holotype, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1986 b, 1991 a; Shinohara & Zhou 2006; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 2 ♀ (Fig. 71, DEI-GISHym 88000, 88002), Sedanka, 80 m, 43.210 ° N 131.995 ° E, 14. VI. 2017, A. Taeger, M. Proshchalykin & V. Loktionov (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♀ 45 ♂ (incl. NSMT 30980), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 16 – 18. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F234AC43FF67FC19FBF1AC52.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea (Shinohara & Zhou 2006).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F234AC43FF67FC19FBF1AC52.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F234AC43FF67FC19FBF1AC52.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to the P. komonensis subgroup of the P. alternans group (Shinohara 2002 b; Shinohara & Zhou 2006) and is similar to P. takeuchii Beneš, 1972, from Japan. Beneš (1974) recorded P. takeuchii from Primorskij Kraj based on a female specimen from Suchan (= Partizansk), which was later designated as the holotype of P. croceus by Shinohara (1986 b). No other specimens of P. takeuchii have been recorded from Russia. Although P. takeuchii was included in the lists of Russian sawflies (Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev 1995; Sundukov & Lelej 2009, 2012; Sundukov 2017), it should be excluded from the Russian fauna as fully discussed by Shinohara (2013). In both COI and NaK analyses (Figs 140, 154), P. croceus was recovered as sister to P. takeuchii with 100 % UFBoot support. The two allopatric species are very close genetically, diverging by a minimum of 1.0 % in the COI analysis and by a minimum of 0.4 % in NaK analysis. The larvae of P. takeuchii feed on Acer spp. (Sapindaceae) solitarily rolling edge of a leaf. The larvae of P. croceus may also feed on these plants.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FC66FD6CADE3.taxon	description	Two species are known, P. basilaris Shinohara, 1982 from Japan and P. lizejiani Shinohara, 2012 (in: Shinohara & Wei 2012) from China. This species group has not been found in the Russian Far East and Korea, though it is likely to occur particularly in Korea. For the COI and NaK analyses, two sequences each of P. basilaris were used and they were retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support in both analyses. In the COI tree (Fig. 141), P. basilaris was the sister group of the Nearctic P. ocreatus (P. sylvaticus group) and this pair was the sister group of Onycholyda but these relationships had low UFBoot support (75 % and 64 %, respectively). In the NaK tree (Fig. 155), the P. basilaris group was retrieved as the sister of the large clade represented by the speciose P. vafer and P. sylvaticus groups but this relationship was supported only by 87 % UFBoot value. The affinity of this species group within Pamphilius or Pamphiliini is still unclear. Among the Pamphiliidae, the members of this species group are unique in their association with Juglandaceae (Juglans and Platycarya) (Shinohara et al. 2012).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FF04FE4FA8AC.taxon	description	(Figs 90, 91) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405223)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FF04FE4FA8AC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 135 specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Kim 1980; Shinohara 1991 a; Shinohara & Lee 1997; Shinohara & Zhou 2006; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2 ♂ (NSMT 30754, 30755), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m, Odaesan Mts., 1. VI. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 4 ♂ (incl. NSMT 30854, 30864), same locality, 30. V. – 4. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♀ 1 ♂, same locality, 11 – 16. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FF04FE4FA8AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FF04FE4FA8AC.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FF04FE4FA8AC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to the P. komonensis subgroup of the P. alternans group (Shinohara 2002 b; Shinohara & Zhou 2006). Pamphilius kyutekparki is most closely related to the Japanese P. komonensis Takeuchi, 1930, though the two allopatric taxa are separated at least by the color pattern (Shinohara 1991 a). In our molecular analysis using COI and NaK sequences, the two species were not clearly differentiated (Figs 140, 154). The host plant of P. kyutekparki is still unknown, but it is probably Acer (Sapindaceae), which is the host of P. komonensis (Shinohara & Okutani 1983).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC41FF67F8B4FAF6A882.taxon	discussion	The members of this species group are characterized as follows: upper part of head glabrous; facial crest in male very strongly swollen, rounded or very bluntly carinate; antennal flagellomere 1 1.0 – 2.5 × length of flagellomere 2; right mandible tridentate but incision between middle and apical teeth very shallow, or bidentate with only basal shoulder to apical tooth; left mandible tridentate with low middle tooth; wings hyaline, with dark marking only in P. betulae subgroup; forewing with cell C glabrous; femora entirely pale. Ovipositor sheath and its appendage various in shape. Male genitalia (e. g., Figs 67 g, h, 103 g, h, 122 g, h): proximal ventral arm of gonostipes normal; apiceps broad and flattened; valviceps in lateral view rather long, apex directed straight or below, ventral margin more or less concave, with conspicuous dorsoapical process.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC41FF67F8B4FAF6A882.taxon	description	Eleven known species, one represented by two subspecies, are classified into five subgroups (Shinohara 2002 b). In the Russian Far East and Korea, six species of four subgroups have been found. Twenty-four sequences of six species (four subgroups) were treated in the COI analysis and six sequences of two species (two subgroups) were treated in the NaK analysis. In the COI analysis (Fig. 142), the P. brevicornis and P. gyllenhali subgroups were each retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support and they formed a clade with 99 % UFBoot support. However, two other subgroups (P. betulae and P. histrio subgroups), though each recovered as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support, did not form a monophyletic group with the P. brevicornis + P. gyllenhali subgroups. The sister group of the clade (P. brevicornis + P. gyllenhali subgroups) was the P. inanitus group with 91 % UFBoot support and the P. betulae subgroup was retrieved as having the sister relationship with the clade (( P. brevicornis + P. gyllenhali subgroups) + P. inanitus group) but with low UFBoot value of 84 %. The P. histrio subgroup was distant from the other three subgroups and had the sister relationship with the P. lethierryi subgroup of the P. alternans group with very low UFBoot support (63 %). In the NaK analysis (Fig. 156), two species (belonging to the P. brevicornis and P. gyllenhali subgroups) were recovered as a clade with 100 % UFBoot support. In conclusion, the monophyly and the sister relationships of the P. brevicornis and P. gyllenhali subgroups were strongly supported but the monophyly of the P. histrio group as a whole was not supported by the present analyses. The known host plants of this species group are Salicaceae (Salix and Populus) and Betulaceae (Betula).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F236AC41FF67FC54FAD6ACEC.taxon	description	(Fig. 66, ssp. ibukii Fig. 67) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405166)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F236AC41FF67FC54FAD6ACEC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fifteen specimens, including 14 specimens from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1995; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 2 ♀ (Fig. 66, DEI-GISHym 17524, 88122), Anisimovka 4 km W, 350 m, 43.168 ° N 132.724 ° E, 19. VI. 2017, A. Taeger (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwondo: 2 ♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m, Odaesan Mts., 6. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F236AC41FF67FC54FAD6ACEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern Eurasia ranging from western and northern Europe to the Russian Far East (Kamchatka Kraj, Primorskij Kraj and Sakhalin) and South Korea (Shinohara 1995).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F236AC41FF67FC54FAD6ACEC.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown, but probably Betula spp. [Betulaceae]. The Japanese subspecies, Pamphilius brevicornis ibukii Shinohara, 1995 (Fig. 67), is associated with Betula ermanii, B. corylifolia and B. platyphylla var. japonica (Shinohara & Kojima 2017).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F236AC41FF67FC54FAD6ACEC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a widely spread Palaearctic species with two subspecies recognized by Shinohara (1995). The nominotypical subspecies originally described from Finland occurs in the Russian Far East and Korea. The maximum intrasubspecific p - distance within P. brevicornis brevicornis from Germany and Primorskij Kraj was 0.9 % in COI (n = 3) and the minimum distance to P. brevicornis ibukii from Japan is 1.9 % in COI. This species (P. brevicornis brevicornis + P. brevicornis ibukii) was retrieved as sister to (P. tricolor + P. gyllenhali) in the COI tree with 99 % UFBoot support (Fig. 142) and P. brevicornis ibukii was the sister of P. tricolor in the NaK tree with 100 % UFBoot support (Fig. 156). This result agrees with the cladistic analysis based on morphology by Shinohara (1995), though P. infuscatus Middlekauff, 1964, P. borisi Beneš, 1974 and P. virescens Malaise, 1931, were not included in the molecular analysis. Shinohara (2002 b) placed this species in his P. brevicornis subgroup of the P. histrio group. For another member of the P. brevicornis subgroup, P. maximus Shinohara, 1995, no molecular data were available.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FF04FCE1A8CD.taxon	description	(Figs 81, 82) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 16913065)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FF04FCE1A8CD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Forty-one specimens, including six specimens from Korea (Shinohara 1995).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FF04FCE1A8CD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FF04FCE1A8CD.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Salicaceae: Populus tremula (Stritt 1935), Populus tremula var. davidiana (Shinohara & Hara 1999, 2005) and? Populus nigra (Midtgaard 1987).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FF04FCE1A8CD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is widely spread in Eurasia but very rare in the Far East, known only from small series of specimens from Korea (Shinohara 1995) and Hokkaido, Japan (Shinohara & Hara 1997 a, 1999, 2005). We have seen no specimens from the Russian Far East. This species is the sole representative of P. histrio subgroup of P. histrio group. In our molecular analysis using COI (Fig. 142), the specimens of P. histrio formed a clade but it was rather distantly located from the clades represented by five other species of the P. histrio group (P. brevicornis, P. gyllenhali, P. tricolor, P. betulae and P. festivus). In the NaK analysis, P. histrio was not treated. The COI result was in line with the cladistic analysis based on morphology (Shinohara 1995), where P. histrio was situated remotely from the clade including the three species given above. The monophyly of the P. histrio group as a whole was not supported by our molecular study as noted in the remarks for the species group.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FB8CFE1EAD91.taxon	description	(Figs 102, 103) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405256)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FB8CFE1EAD91.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Thirteen specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1995; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 29. V. 1998, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 11 ♂ (Fig. 103), same locality, 31. V. – 4. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FB8CFE1EAD91.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea (Shinohara 1995).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FB8CFE1EAD91.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FB8CFE1EAD91.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a large and light-colored species, so far known only from Primorskij Kraj and Korea. No molecular data are available. Shinohara (2002 b) placed it in his P. brevicornis subgroup of P. histrio group. Lee et al. (2019) gave Populus sp. as a host of this species without showing source of information. This record may have been based on Shinohara’s (1995) statement, “ the holotype female was found crawling on a leaf of Populus sp. (probably P. davidiana), which may be the host plant. ” Obviously, this statement was not a host record and the host is still unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC4FFF67F977FBE7AA8A.taxon	description	(Fig. 110) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405271)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC4FFF67F977FBE7AA8A.taxon	materials_examined	See Shinohara (1995) for more references. Material examined. Two specimens, including the holotype, from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1995).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC4FFF67F977FBE7AA8A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Yakutia, Magadan Oblast) (Shinohara 1995).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC4FFF67F977FBE7AA8A.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC4FFF67F977FBE7AA8A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Only two female specimens have been recorded for this species and the male is still unknown (Shinohara 1995). No molecular data are available. Shinohara (2002 b) placed this species in his P. pictifrons subgroup in the P. histrio group. Sundukov (2017) noted “ Host plant:? Rosa spp. (Rosaceae) ” but this host record, which is probably based on Verzhutskij (1981), is doubtful as discussed by Shinohara (1995).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4FFF67FE49FAA6AFCA.taxon	description	(Figs 121, 122) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405304)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4FFF67FE49FAA6AFCA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 150 specimens, including the holotype. Ninety-six specimens are from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1995; Shinohara & Zinovjev 1996; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 29. V. – 1. VI. 1996, J. - W. Kim (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4FFF67FE49FAA6AFCA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Urals, eastern Siberia, Sakha Republic, Kamchatka Kraj, Magadanskaya Oblast, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) (Shinohara & Taeger 2007).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4FFF67FE49FAA6AFCA.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Salicaceae: Salix caprea L. (Shinohara & Hara 2009).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4FFF67FE49FAA6AFCA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pamphilius tricolor belongs to the P. gyllenhali subgroup of the P. histrio group (Shinohara 2002 b) and is most closely related to the European P. gyllenhali (Dahlbom, 1835). These two allopatric species are similar morphologically, though distinguishable from each other, and share the same host plant and larval habits (Shinohara 1995; Shinohara & Hara 2009). The available COI data for the two species were retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support, but the two species were not clearly differentiated within the clade (Fig. 142).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4EFF67FA89FE27ABFA.taxon	description	(Figs 130, 131) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405328)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4EFF67FA89FE27ABFA.taxon	description	Lectotype designation. Malaise (1931) described this species based on “ 2 ♂♂ und 2 ♀♀ aus Klutchi, Kamtchatka ” but did not designate a holotype. We hereby designate the female labeled “ Typus ” in Malaise’s collection (NHRS), as lectotype. It is labeled “ Kamtschatka, Malaise ” “ Typus ” “ Pamphilius virescens Mal. Type Malaise det. ” “ 818 ”. It was treated as the holotype by Beneš (1974) and Shinohara (1995) and fully redescribed by Beneš (1974).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4EFF67FA89FE27ABFA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Thirteen specimens, including the lectotype, of which 12 are from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1995; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 1. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4EFF67FA89FE27ABFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Kamchatka Kraj, Irkutsk Oblast). South Korea. Japan (Hokkaido).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4EFF67FA89FE27ABFA.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4EFF67FA89FE27ABFA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is known from a small number of specimens (Shinohara 1995) and no molecular data are available. It belongs to the P. gyllenhali subgroup of the P. histrio group (Shinohara 2002 b). Lee et al. (2019) gave Salix sp. as a host of this species without showing the source of information. Verzhutskij (1966) speculated that the host of P. virescens was Salix. As discussed by Shinohara (1995), this host record may be correct, but no decisive evidence is available.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F239AC4EFF67FED9FCFFAF5A.taxon	description	Only two closely related species are known from the Palaearctic region (Shinohara 2002 b), of which one, P. hilaris, occurs in the Russian Far East and Korea. Six sequences of two species were treated in the COI analysis and one specimen of one species in the NaK analysis. In the COI analysis (Fig. 143), the P. inanitus group was retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support and had a sister relationship (with 91 % UFBoot support) with the clade composed of the P. brevicornis and P. gyllenhali subgroups of the P. histrio group. This clade (P. inanitus group + P. brevicornis and P. gyllenhali subgroups of P. histrio group) was the sister group of the P. betulae subgroup of the P. histrio group but with low UFBoot value of 84 %. In other words, the P. inanitus group was placed within the P. histrio group. In the NaK analysis (Fig. 157), the P. inanitus group was recovered as the sister of the clade represented by the P. histrio and P. sulphureipes groups with 100 % UFBoot support. The affinity of the P. inanitus group is still uncertain, but it appears closer to the P. histrio and P. sulphureipes groups, rather than to the P. sylvaticus group as suggested by Shinohara (2002 b). The larvae of this species group feed on Rosaceae (Rosa).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F239AC4DFF67FB39FA2FA962.taxon	description	(Figs 79, 80) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405190)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F239AC4DFF67FB39FA2FA962.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype designation. Gussakovskij (1935) examined only one specimen in Eversmann’s material (“ Mir liegt nur das typische Stu ̈ ck von Eversmann vor ”) and Beneš (1972) treated it as the holotype. However, Eversmann’s (1847) type material should be a syntype, because he did not mention the number of specimens he had for description. We hereby designate the specimen in ZISP as the lectotype. The head of the lectotype is missing. The abdominal segments 1 – 5 are yellow (Eversmann started counting the abdominal segments with 2, accordingly he wrote “ segmentis 2 – 6 fulvis ” in the original description). The lectotype is labelled as follows: “ Spask Jun ”, “ hilaris. ”, “ Pamphilius hilaris Ev ♀ Gussakovskij det. ”, “ село Спасское Оренбургской губ. ” (= village Spasskoe, oblast Orenburg, 52.017 ° N 56.567 ° E), “ Lyda hilaris Ev. к. Эверсмана ”, golden circle, “ Syntype Lyda hilaris Eversmann 1847 vide A. Taeger 2014 ”, “ DEI-GISHym 30352 ” (see https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405190). Material examined. About 210 specimens, including the lectotype. Ten specimens are known from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (Fig. 79, DEI-GISHym 88046), Anisimovka 7 km S, Mt. Litovka, 1200 m, 43.102 ° N 132.786 ° E, 19. VI. 2017, V. Loktionov (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2 ♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 31. V. 1992, A. Shinohara (Fig. 80, NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 29. V. 1993, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 31. V. 1993, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ (NSMT 30860), same locality, 28. V. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F239AC4DFF67FB39FA2FA962.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Orenburg Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Yakutia, Kamchatka Kraj, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin), China (Shaanxi), Japan (Honshu) (Shinohara & Lee 2010). South Korea (new record).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F239AC4DFF67FB39FA2FA962.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Rosa multiflora Thunb. (Shinohara 1971, 2021).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F239AC4DFF67FB39FA2FA962.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to the P. inanitus group (Shinohara 2002 b) and is similar to the European P. inanitus both in morphology and life history, including the rose-feeding larva making a specialized leaf roll (Lorenz & Kraus 1957; Shinohara 1971, 2021). The female of the two species may be separated by the color pattern of the dorsal and lateral part of the head, which is mostly black in P. inanitus and mostly orange in P. hilaris. The previously undescribed male of P. hilaris is distinguished from the other East Asian congeners by the characters given in the key, whereas it is not separable for the moment from that of P. inanitus. Our molecular analysis, however, showed that the four European specimens of P. inanitus differed from the two Russian and Korean specimens of P. hilaris by a minimum of 4.2 % in the COI sequences (Fig. 143), which was large enough for us to regard the two sets of specimens as belonging to different species. The four male specimens from Korea listed above represent the first record of this species from the country.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FB15FBFCADB8.taxon	description	(Figs 92, 93) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 16923082)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FB15FBFCADB8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Eight specimens, including one from the Russian Far East (Shinohara & Taeger 2007).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FB15FBFCADB8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe, Kazakhstan, East Siberia, Primorskij Kraj (Shinohara & Taeger 2007).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FB15FBFCADB8.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Salicaceae: Populus tremula, Salix caprea (Taeger et al. 1998).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FB15FBFCADB8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a rare species, with only one collection record from the Russian Far East (Primorskij Kraj) (Shinohara & Taeger 2007). Shinohara (2002 b) placed this species in his P. maculosus [= latifrons] group emphasizing its isolated position in the genus. No molecular data for this species are available.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FD21FBC6AF37.taxon	description	Only one Palaearctic species is known (Shinohara 2002 b), which occurs in the Russian Far East. It was formerly regarded as an isolated member of the P. vafer group (Beneš 1976) or the P. histrio group (Achterberg & Aartsen 1986). No molecular data are available. The larvae feed on Salicaceae (Populus, Salix).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23AAC4CFF67F89FFE93A986.taxon	description	Five East Asian species, two represented by two subspecies, are included (Shinohara 2002 b). Three species have been recorded in the Russian Far East and Korea. Twenty sequences of four species were treated in the COI analysis and nine sequences of three species in the NaK analysis. In both analyses (Figs 144, 158), the P. sulphureipes group was retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot value. In both trees, the relationship (( P. coreanus + P. sulphureipes) + P. zhelochovtsevi) was supported by 99 or 100 % UFBoot value on each node, and in the COI analysis, an additional species, P. ishikawai Shinohara, 1979, from Japan, was recovered as sister to the clade of the three species, again with 100 % UFBoot support. A host plant is known only for P. ishikawai, whose larvae are solitary leaf-rollers on Saxifragaceae (Astilbe) (Shinohara et al. 2016 a). The other four members of this species group may also be associated with the plants of Saxifragaceae.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4CFF67FD45FBBBADFA.taxon	description	(Figs 69, 70) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405181)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4CFF67FD45FBBBADFA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 210 specimens, including the holotype, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Takeuchi 1938; Malaise 1943; Shinohara 1979, 1993; Shinohara & Lee 1997; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀, (Fig. 69, DEI-GISHym 86267), Arsenyev, SkiBase Bodrost, 200 m, 44.122 ° N 133.270 ° E, 25. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 017 (SDEI); 1 ♀, Arsenyev, Ski-Base Bodrost, 200 m, 44.122 ° N 133.270 ° E, 26. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 018 (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 6 ♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 29. V. – 1. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 1 ♂, same locality, 6. VI. 1996, J. - W. Kim (NSMT); 4 ♂, same locality, 6 – 7. VI. 1997, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4 ♂, same locality, 27 – 28. V. 1998, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, same locality, 31. V. 1998, H. - S. Lee (NSMT); 2 ♀ 29 ♂, same locality, 24. V. – 3. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂ (NSMT 30753), same locality, 1. VI. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♂ (NSMT 30857, 30863), same locality, 31. V. – 1. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Chuncheon, 23. V. 2002, H. - J. Kim (NSMT). Jeollanam-do: Mt. Nogodan, 1200 m, Jirisan Mts., 26 – 28. V. 1997, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4CFF67FD45FBBBADFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea (Shinohara 1993).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4CFF67FD45FBBBADFA.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4CFF67FD45FBBBADFA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a member of the P. sulphureipes group and most closely related to P. sulphureipes, as discussed above. The maximum intraspecific p - distance within P. coreanus from Primorskij Kraj and Korea was 0.2 % in COI (n = 4) and 0.4 % in NaK (n = 4) and the nearest neighbour was P. sulphureipes sulphureipes, diverging by a minimum of 3.0 % in COI analysis and by a minimum of 0.9 % in NaK analysis.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4BFF67F8D9FE83A8B1.taxon	description	(Figs 119, 120) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405298)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4BFF67F8D9FE83A8B1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Sixty-three specimens, including the holotype, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Beneš 1974; Shinohara 1979, 1993; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀, Ussurijskij Reserve, 9 – 12. VI. 1995, A. Shinohara (NSMT). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 3 ♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 4 – 6. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 12 ♂ (incl. NSMT 30606), same locality, 29. V. – 4. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 3 ♂ (NSMT 30751 – 3), same locality, 1. VI. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 6 ♂ (incl. NSMT 30859), same locality, 28. V. – 5. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 11. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4BFF67F8D9FE83A8B1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (“ Amour, Siberia ”, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin), North and South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4BFF67F8D9FE83A8B1.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4BFF67F8D9FE83A8B1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a member of the P. sulphureipes group (Shinohara, 1993). The maximum intraspecific p - distance within P. sulphureipes sulphureipes from Korea was 0.2 % in COI (n = 5) and 0.4 % in NaK (n = 4) and the nearest neighbour was P. coreanus, diverging by a minimum of 3.0 % in the COI analysis and by a minimum of 0.9 % in the NaK analysis. Without giving the source of information, Sundukov & Lelej (2012) simply noted “ larvae on Rosa (Rosaceae) ” under the present subspecies. Most probably this is a lapsus. The closely related P. ishikawai from Japan is associated with Astilbe spp. (Saxifragaceae) (Shinohara et al. 2016 a) and these are more likely host plants of P. sulphureipes sulphureipes.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23CAC4BFF67FB90FB0CAC6A.taxon	description	(Figs 135, 136) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405343)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23CAC4BFF67FB90FB0CAC6A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Thirty-one specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Beneš 1974; Shinohara 1993; Shinohara & Lee 1997).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23CAC4BFF67FB90FB0CAC6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23CAC4BFF67FB90FB0CAC6A.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23CAC4BFF67FB90FB0CAC6A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was described from Primorskij Kraj by Beneš (1974) and later recorded from Korea by Shinohara (1993), who also described a Japanese subspecies, P. zhelochovtsevi nipponicus Shinohara, 1993, from Honshu. Sundukov (2015) newly recorded P. zhelochovtsevi nipponicus from Kunashiri and Shikotan Islands and noted “ Larvae on Rosa (Shinohara 1993) ” (original in Russian). Pamphilius zhelochovtsevi nipponicus has been recorded only from Honshu, not in Hokkaido, and the nominotypical subspecies is distributed in Primorskij Kraj and Korea (Shinohara 1993). The occurrence of this species (and subspecies) in southern Kuriles is not likely and needs confirmation. Sundukov’s (2015) host record is inexplicable and erroneous because Shinohara (1993) never mentioned the host plant of P. zhelochovtsevi nipponicus, which is still unknown. Molecular data were available only for Japanese specimens of P. zhelochovtsevi nipponicus (two COI sequences and one NaK sequence). In the COI analysis, the nearest neighbour was P. sulphureipes sulphureipes, diverging by a minimum of 3.4 %, while in the NaK analysis, the nearest neighbour was P. coreanus, with the minimum distance of 1.5 %. Pamphilius zhelochovtsevi is a member of the P. sulphureipes group (Shinohara 1993), which was retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot supports in our COI and NaK analyses (Figs 144, 158).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FB38FF13ACE2.taxon	description	(Figs 52, 53) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405109)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FB38FF13ACE2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 85 specimens, including one specimen from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1988 a).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FB38FF13ACE2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), Japan (Hokkaido, Shikotan Is., Honshu) (Shinohara 1988 a).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FB38FF13ACE2.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Betulaceae: Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Turcz. ex Rupr. (Shinohara & Hara 1993, 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FB38FF13ACE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Shinohara (1988 a) gave a collection record of one female specimen from Primorskij Kraj (Tedjuche = Dal’negorsk district) and no additional specimens have been available from the continent. The species is uncommon throughout its distribution range. The larvae are gregarious leaf rollers on Alnus (Shinohara & Hara 1993). This is a member of the P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 1985 a, 1988 a, 2001, 2002 b). The maximum intraspecific p - distance within P. alnicola is 0.5 % in COI (n = 2) and 0.1 % in NaK (n = 2). Pamphilius alnicola was retrieved as the sister of P. montanus Shinohara, 1985, with UFBoot support of 82 % in the COI tree (Fig. 145), whereas it was retrieved as the sister of the clade consisting of P. benesi Shinohara, 1985, P. pallidus Shinohara, 1988, P. volatilis (Smith, 1874), P. gracilis Shinohara, 1985, P. graciloides sp. nov. and P. montanus with UFBoot support of 99 % in the NaK tree (Fig. 159). In the distance data, the nearest neighbour of P. alnicola was P. volatilis, diverging by a minimum of 4.9 % in the COI analysis and P. montanus and P. volatilis by a minimum of 0.6 % in the NaK analysis.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FF04FC3EAF5A.taxon	description	This species group contains 22 species, one with two subspecies, in the Holarctic region (Shinohara 2002 b; present work). Eleven species are known to occur in the Russian Far East and Korea. Verzhutskij (1966) recorded Pamphilius sylvaticus (Linné, 1758) from the Baikal region based only on larvae. This may need confirmation. Popov (2015) also recorded P. sylvaticus from Yakutia. A total of 86 sequences of 14 species were treated in the COI analysis and 43 sequences of nine species in the NaK analysis. In the COI analysis (Figs 15, 145 – 147), the P. sylvaticus group, except for P. japonicus and P. ocreatus, was recovered as monophyletic with UFBoot support of 95 %. Pamphilius japonicus (six sequences available) was retrieved as forming the sister group of a large branch containing all Pamphilius (except for the P. sylvaticus group) and Onycholyda. While P. japonicus was placed in the P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 1985 a), it is a rather isolated species with an unusual host association with Cornus (Cornaceae) (Shinohara et al. 2019). Pamphilius ocreatus is a little-known Nearctic species and was recovered as the sister of the P. basilaris group with low UFBoot support of 75 %, not close to the other species of the P. sylvaticus group. The systematic position of P. japonicus and P. ocreatus should be further investigated with more material. In the NaK analysis (Figs 16, 159), for which specimens of P. ocreatus were not available, the P. sylvaticus group, including P. japonicus, was retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support. The known host plants of the species of the P. sylvaticus group are Rosaceae (Cerasus, Sorbus, Fragaria, etc.), Betulaceae (Alnus, Carpinus and Corylus) and Cornaceae (Cornus).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FF04FD99A805.taxon	description	(Figs 64, 65) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405151)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FF04FD99A805.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 340 specimens, including the type series. Seventy-two specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara 2001).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FF04FD99A805.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) (Shinohara 2001).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FF04FD99A805.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Betulaceae: Corylus sieboldiana Blume var. sieboldiana (Shinohara & Hara 1997 b, 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FF04FD99A805.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to the P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 1985 a, 1988 a, 2001, 2002 b). From Korea, only a series of male specimens collected in 1992 and 1993 have been recorded (Shinohara 2001) and no material for molecular studies was available. The larvae are gregarious leaf rollers on Corylus. The maximum intraspecific p - distance within P. benesi from Japan was 2.2 % in COI (n = 7) and 0.6 % in NaK (n = 7) and the nearest neighbour was P. pallidus, diverging by a minimum of 2.9 % in the COI analysis, and by a minimum of 0.5 % in the NaK analysis. In both COI and NaK trees (Figs 145, 159), P. benesi was the sister of P. pallidus with 100 % UFBoot support.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FCC4FE22AE36.taxon	description	(Fig. 68) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 16934371)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FCC4FE22AE36.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Five specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1988 a; Shinohara & Lee 1997).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FCC4FE22AE36.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), South Korea (Shinohara & Lee 1997).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FCC4FE22AE36.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FCC4FE22AE36.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is known only from five specimens collected in the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara & Lee 1997). Shinohara (1988 a, 2002 b) placed it in the P. sylvaticus group. No molecular data have been available for analysis.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FA14FA8DACD2.taxon	description	(Figs 73, 74) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405172)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FA14FA8DACD2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Twenty-one specimens, including the holotype. Two specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara 2001; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 b).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FA14FA8DACD2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Korea, Japan (Honshu) (Shinohara 2001).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FA14FA8DACD2.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald var. kamtschaticus (Maxim.) H. Hara, Spiraea japonica L. f. (Shinohara et al. 2016 b).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FA14FA8DACD2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was described from Honshu, Japan (Takeuchi 1938) and later recorded from Korea (Shinohara 2001; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 b). The larvae are oligophagous solitary leaf-rollers on Aruncus and Spiraea (Rosaceae) in Japan (Shinohara et al. 2016 b). Molecular data are not available from the Korean specimens, but the eight COI sequences from the Japanese material formed a clade which was sister to P. gracilis + P. graciloides with 98 % UFBoot support (Fig. 145), diverging by a minimum of 4.9 % from both species.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23FAC57FF67FF04FD1CAF54.taxon	description	(Figs 75, 76) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405232)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23FAC57FF67FF04FD1CAF54.taxon	description	Description. Female (Fig. 75). Length about 11.5 mm. Head black, with following pale yellow: linear mark along median anterior margin of clypeus, paired spots on frons, spot on upper margin of inner orbit, spot on posterior margin of postocular area, elongate spot on gena along lower outer orbit; mandible black, with outer basal part and subapical part pale yellow and apex dark rufous; antenna black. Thorax black, with following pale yellow: large spot on ventral margin of lateral pronotum, posterolateral corner of dorsal pronotum, tegula, posterior half of mesoscutal middle lobe, mesoscutellum, minute spot on anterodorsal corner of mesepisternum, metascutellum; legs pale yellow, with fore coxa (except for narrow apical margin), fore trochanter and basal half of fore femur (except for anterior surface of trochantellus), mid coxa (except for apical margin) and hind coxa (except for broad apical part) black. Wings hyaline, slightly tinted with blackish brown; veins and stigma black. Abdomen black, with outer margin of each laterotergite and posterior margin of each sternum (more broadly on sterna 4 – 7) pale yellow. Frons rather strongly swollen; ocellar basin subtriangular, represented as broad furrow around median ocellus; upper frons not distinctly notched medially; frontoclypeal crest rather flat, rounded, swollen between antennal sockets; facial crest strongly convex, rounded. Upper part of head behind transverse and lateral transverse sutures smooth, weakly coriaceous, with sparse and small punctures; frons, area from facial crest to lateral transverse suture, and paraantennal field shallowly coarsely rugose; clypeus with distinct medium-sized punctures, with interspaces coriaceous medially and coarsely rugose laterally; gena coriaceous, with rather small, often ill-defined punctures; head covered with rather short silvery hairs before crassa. Antennae with 23 antennomeres; flagellomere 1 1.1 × length of flagellomere 2. Forewing with cell C pilose all over. Ovipositor sheath as in Fig. 75 c; appendage large and elongate, setose apically. Male (Fig. 76). Length about 8 – 10 mm. Head black; pale yellow are frontal surface before line connecting facial crests, minute spot at upper margin of inner orbit (sometimes missing) and most of gena and malar space (median part of malar space always black); mandible pale yellow, inner half usually black and apex dark rufous; scape pale yellow, with large black spot above; pedicel and flagellum blackish brown. Thorax black, with following pale yellow: large spot on ventral margin of lateral pronotum (sometimes small), posterolateral corner of dorsal pronotum (often narrowly), tegula, posterior half of mesoscutal middle lobe, mesoscutellum, broad anterior margin and large posterolateral spot on mesepisternum (often reduced or missing), metascutellum, and large spot on metepisternum; legs pale yellow, with most of coxae black; fore femur often obscurely marked with black posteriorly. Wings hyaline, slightly stained with blackish brown; veins and stigma black. Abdomen black, with most of laterotergites, broad posterior margin of each sternum and entire subgenital plate pale yellow. Genitalia black; harpe largely pale brown. Structure generally similar to that of female. Frons very strongly swollen; ocellar basin often indistinct anteriorly; upper frons very shallowly notched medially; facial crest very strongly convex, bluntly carinate. Antennae with 22 – 23 antennomeres; flagellomere 1 1.0 – 1.1 × length of flagellomere 2 and slightly thinner in lateral view than the latter, with apex weakly oblique. Subgenital plate with apical margin broadly truncated. Genitalia as in Figs 76 g, h; penis valve short and elongate-subtriangular seen from above.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23FAC57FF67FF04FD1CAF54.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Eighteen specimens. Holotype: ♂ (Fig. 76), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m, Odaesan Mts., Gangwon-do, South Korea, 6. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT). Paratypes: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 88016), Anisimovka 7 km S, Mt. Litovka, 1200 m, 43.102 ° N 132.786 ° E, 16. VI. 2016, V. Loktionov (NSMT). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2 ♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m, Odaesan Mts., 6. VI. 1997, J. - W. Kim (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 23. V. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 29. V. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4 ♂ (incl. NSMT 30603), same locality, 4. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♂ (NSMT 30747, 30748), same locality, 26. V. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂ (NSMT 30850), same locality, 27. V. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂ (NSMT 30851), same locality, 31. V. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂ (NSMT 30852), same locality, 4. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 5. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 13. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 17. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23FAC57FF67FF04FD1CAF54.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23FAC57FF67FF04FD1CAF54.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown. The closely related Japanese species P. gracilis feeds on Sorbus (Shinohara & Hara 1992).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23FAC57FF67FF04FD1CAF54.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new specific epithet is gracilis plus a suffix, - oides, suggesting a species resembling gracilis.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23FAC57FF67FF04FD1CAF54.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pamphilius graciloides closely resembles P. gracilis Shinohara, 1985, from Japan and Shinohara (2001) recorded it as “ P. gracilis ” from South Korea. Because of the existence of recognizable, though small differences in colour pattern in both sexes and quite a large difference in COI sequences, we here treat the continental and Japanese populations as representing different species, P. graciloides and P. gracilis. Shinohara (2001) discussed the variation of “ P. gracilis ” in detail and pointed out that the three Korean male specimens then available (now identified as P. graciloides) were darker in colour pattern than the 17 Japanese male specimens examined (P. gracilis). Examination of the additional 11 males from Korea listed above (P. graciloides) has shown that the differences in color pattern are fairly stable. The female of P. graciloides (only one Russian specimen available) is slightly different in colour pattern from those of P. gracilis, as shown below. In the analysis of COI sequences (Fig. 145), each of P. graciloides and P. gracilis was retrieved as a clade with 100 % UFBoot support and they formed a clade with 100 % UFBoot support. The minimum distance (4.0 %) between the two species was much larger than the interspecific distance between closely related congeners, such as P. albopictus and P. kamikochensis Takeuchi, 1930 (2.0 %) or P. benesi and P. pallidus (2.9 %). In the NaK analysis (Fig. 159), the available specimens of P. graciloides and P. gracilis were not separable but altogether formed a monophyletic group with 100 % UFBoot support. Pamphilius graciloides and P. gracilis clearly show a large genetic differentiation in COI, though they are not clearly differentiated in NaK sequences. The female of P. graciloides is similar to P. gracilis, but the base of the fore femur, including the trochantellus, is almost all black, and the mesepisternum has only a small pale yellow spot on the anterodorsal corner. In P. gracilis, the base of the fore femur is also blackish but the trochantellus is mostly pale yellow and the entire anterior margin of the mesepisternum is pale yellow. The male of P. graciloides has the mesepisternum mostly or entirely black with at most small pale-yellow marks and the malar space medially marked with black, whereas P. gracilis has the mesepisternum largely marked with pale yellow and the malar space entirely pale yellow. One specimen of P. gracilis from Shiga-kogen, Honshu, which was referred to by Shinohara (2001), has an exceptionally dark colour pattern and is almost indistinguishable from P. graciloides. The maximum intraspecific p - distance in P. graciloides was 0.8 % in COI (n = 7) and 0.2 % in NaK (n = 5).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F220AC56FF67FB39FE21AA42.taxon	description	(Figs 104, 105) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405259)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F220AC56FF67FB39FE21AA42.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Sixty specimens, including the type series. Forty-three specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara 1988 b; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♂ (NSMT 30749), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 26. V. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂ (NSMT 30853), same locality, 2. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT). See Shinohara (1988 a, 2001) for more collection data.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F220AC56FF67FB39FE21AA42.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Yakutia), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido) (Shinohara 2001).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F220AC56FF67FB39FE21AA42.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F220AC56FF67FB39FE21AA42.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a member of the P. sylvaticus group defined by Shinohara (1985 a, 2002 b). Shinohara (1988 a) described this subspecies as a full species but Shinohara (2001) treated it as a subspecies of P. montanus Shinohara, 1985. In our molecular analysis, the maximum intrasubspecific p - distance among specimens from Korea and Hokkaido, Japan, was 1.5 % in COI (n = 4) and 0.2 % in NaK (n = 3). The minimum distance to the specimens of the nominotypical P. montanus montanus from Honshu, Japan, was 3.7 % in COI and 0.1 % in NaK. The nearest neighbour was P. volatilis, diverging by a minimum of 4.1 % in the COI analysis, and P. alnicola, diverging by a minimum of 0.6 % in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 145), each of P. montanus, P. m. montanus and P. m. pulcher was retrieved as monophyletic with UFBoot support of 100 % and P. montanus was sister to P. alnicola with UFBoot support of 82 %. In the NaK tree (Fig. 159), P. m. montanus (n = 2) was retrieved as monophyletic with UFBoot support of 100 %, but P. m. pulcher (n = 3) was not, while all the specimens of P. montanus (n = 5) formed a clade with UFBoot support of 93 % and the clade consisting of P. gracilis and P. graciloides was retrieved as sister to P. montanus with very low UFBoot support of 70 %. Pamphilius montanus pulcher is probably associated with Sorbus (Rosaceae) because the larvae of the nominotypical subspecies from Honshu, Japan, are gregarious web-spinners on Sorbus commixta Hedl. (Rosaceae) (Shinohara & Kojima 2011).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FE01FDF3A82D.taxon	description	(Fig. 106) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405262)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FE01FDF3A82D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Forty-four specimens (type series) from South Korea (Shinohara 2001).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FE01FDF3A82D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Korea (Shinohara 2001).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FE01FDF3A82D.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FE01FDF3A82D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a Korean endemic species known only from the males collected between 1989 and 1993 at the same locality. It belongs to the P. sylvaticus group and is close to P. volatilis and P. benesi, as discussed by Shinohara (2001). No molecular data are available.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FCECFCB6AD59.taxon	description	(Fig. 107) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405265)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FCECFCB6AD59.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Four specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1988 a; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32049), Komissarovo N, 130 m, 45.000 ° N 131.788 ° E, 4. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 035 (SDEI).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FCECFCB6AD59.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FCECFCB6AD59.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FCECFCB6AD59.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pamphilius pallidus was previously known only from three females from Primorskij Kraj and Korea (Shinohara & Taeger 2007). It is a member of the P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 2002 b). In our molecular study, the nearest neighbour was P. benesi, diverging by a minimum of 2.9 % in the COI analysis and 0.5 % in the NaK analysis. Pamphilius pallidus was retrieved as sister to P. benesi in both COI and NaK trees with 100 % UFBoot support (Figs 145, 159). The newly collected female (Fig. 107) is very pale; the black marks on the head are greatly reduced and the reddish (orange) colour of the abdominal dorsum (on the segments 2 to 5) has faded to dirty cream, with only a very faint tint of orange remaining. The male is still unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC55FF67F938FAE0A85E.taxon	description	(Figs 123 – 126) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405316)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC55FF67F938FAE0A85E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Ten specimens, including the holotypes of P. ussuriensis and P. zinovjevi, all from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1988 a, 2001; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (Fig. 123, DEI-GISHym 12972), Samarka, Gordeyevskaya Mtn., 70 km N Chuguyevka, 250 m, 44.46 N 134.13 E, 29. V. 1993, leg. A. Taeger (SDEI); 1 ♂ (Fig. 124, DEI-GISHym 21853), Sikhote-Alin Reserve, Upper River Dzhigitovka, 44.970 ° N 136.080 ° E, 27. V. 2015, Sergeev (SDEI); 1 ♀ (Fig. 126 a – c, DEI-GISHym 86348), Rettihovka 9 km E, 170 m, 44.178 ° N 132.877 ° E, 29. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 024 (SDEI).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC55FF67F938FAE0A85E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Amurskaja Oblast', Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC55FF67F938FAE0A85E.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC55FF67F938FAE0A85E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pamphilius ussuriensis and P. zinovjevi were described from the holotypes only. The holotype of P. ussuriensis is a rather poorly preserved (discoloured) male specimen (Fig. 125) and that of P. zinovjevi is an exceptionally small female specimen (Fig. 126 d – f; Shinohara 1988 a). Shinohara (2001) examined five additional females of P. zinovjevi from Primorskij Kraj and South Korea and discussed the variation among them. Pamphilius ussuriensis was only known from the holotype male until now. The COI sequences of the newly obtained specimens of P. ussuriensis (a male, DEI-GISHym 21853, and a female, DEI-GISHym 86348, initially determined as P. zinovjevi) were retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support (Fig. 146). Though the two specimens diverged by 1.8 % in COI, it now seems reasonable to regard them as different sexes of the same species and here we propose to treat P. zinovjevi as a synonym of P. ussuriensis. This species belongs to the P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 2002 b). Diverging by a minimum of 4.8 % in the COI sequences, the nearest neighbour was P. graciloides, according to our molecular analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 146), P. ussuriensis and P. jucundus (Eversmann, 1847) formed a monophyletic group with 99 % UFBoot support.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC55FF67FC3DFE73AE4A.taxon	description	(Fig. 132) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405331)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC55FF67FC3DFE73AE4A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Two specimens (type series) from the Russian Far East.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC55FF67FC3DFE73AE4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC55FF67FC3DFE73AE4A.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC55FF67FC3DFE73AE4A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Shinohara (2001) described P. viridulus based on two females, and these are still the only known specimens of this species. Shinohara (2001, 2002 b) placed this species in the P. sylvaticus group. No molecular data for this species are available.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC54FF67FA08FB8DAAF7.taxon	description	(Figs 133, 134) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405334)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC54FF67FA08FB8DAAF7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 1450 specimens, including the holotype, and 218 specimens from South Korea (Beneš 1974; Shinohara 1985 a; National Museum of Nature and Science 2021; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 4 ♂ (NSMT 30744 – 30802), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 25 – 26. V. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 30 ♂, same locality, 27. V. – 5. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 11 ♂, same locality, 11 – 17. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC54FF67FA08FB8DAAF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC54FF67FA08FB8DAAF7.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Cerasus spp., Crataegus chlorosarca.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC54FF67FA08FB8DAAF7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to the P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 1985 a, 2002 b). It is fairly common in Japan and apparently also in South Korea (1110 Japanese specimens and 177 Korean specimens recorded by National Museum of Nature and Science 2021) but only two specimens were recorded from Primorskij Kraj (Beneš 1974). In both the COI and NaK analyses (Figs 145,159), the 11 specimens from Japan and Korea were retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support, though the intraspecific genetic variation was rather large. The maximum intraspecific p - distance was 2.4 % in COI (n = 11) and 0.5 % in NaK (n = 11). The nearest neighbour was P. m. montanus diverging by a minimum of 4.1 % in the COI analysis and P. alnicola diverging by a minimum of 0.6 % in the NaK analysis. In both COI and NaK trees (Figs 145, 159), P. volatilis was retrieved as sister to the clade P. benesi + P. pallidus but with low UFBoot support, 82 % in COI and 45 % in NaK. The larvae are gregarious leaf-rollers on Cerasus and Crataegus (Rosaceae).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F223AC54FF67FDD5FEA0AD2F.taxon	discussion	The members of this species group are characterized as follows: upper part of head pilose; facial crest in male flattened to moderately swollen, rarely carinate; antennal flagellomere 1 1.0 – 3.9 × length of flagellomere 2; right mandible bidentate with only basal shoulder to apical tooth; left mandible tridentate with low middle tooth; wings hyaline; forewing with cell C glabrous or pilose; femora entirely pale (black-marked only in P. nigrifemoratus). Ovipositor sheath appendage various in shape, usually pilose. Male genitalia (e. g., Figs 57 g, h, 59 g, h, 78 g, h, 89 h, i): proximal ventral arm of gonostipes normal; apiceps various in shape; valviceps in lateral view rather long, apex directed downward, ventral margin usually more or less concave, without conspicuous dorsoapical process, in dorsal view distinctly swollen laterally at apex.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F223AC54FF67FDD5FEA0AD2F.taxon	description	This is a large species group comprising 36 species in the Holarctic region (Shinohara 2002 b, 2003 a, 2005; Shinohara & Xiao 2006; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). A total of 19 species are known from the Russian Far East and Korea. Shinohara (2002 b) recognized ten subgroups. The Nearctic P. ochreipes group (Shinohara 2002 b) has much in common with the P. vafer group and here we treat it as an additional subgroup of the latter. Here we used 168 sequences of 31 species of ten subgroups (P. albopictus, P. balteatus, P. heecheonparki, P. norimbergensis, P. ochreipes, P. pallimacula, P. stramineipes, P. togashii, P. vafer and P. varius subgroups) for the COI analysis and 99 sequences of 24 species of seven subgroups (P. albopictus, P. balteatus, P. heecheonparki, P. stramineipes, P. togashii, P. vafer and P. varius subgroups) in the NaK analysis. In the COI analysis (Figs 15, 149 – 151), the P. vafer group, excluding P. kashmirensis Beneš, 1971, and P. norimbergensis, was recovered as monophyletic but with a low UFBoot value of 89 %. Pamphilius kashmirensis and P. norimbergensis are little-known species, belonging to but rather isolated in the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b); their systematic position should be further studied with more material. In the NaK analysis (Figs 16, 160, 161), where P. kashmirensis and P. norimbergensis were not included, the P. vafer group was recovered as monophyletic with 99 % UFBoot support. Within the P. vafer group, monophyly of each subgroup and relationships among the subgroups were not well resolved as detailed under the remarks on each species. The known host plants of the species of the P. vafer group are Rosaceae (Cerasus, Sorbus, Rosa, etc.), Betulaceae (Alnus and Betula), Caprifoliaceae (Lonicera and Macrodiervilla), Adoxaceae (Viburnum) and Fagaceae (Quercus).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F223AC53FF67F9EDFE9AAFB0.taxon	description	(Figs 50, 51) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 15709641)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F223AC53FF67F9EDFE9AAFB0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Sixty-one specimens, including the lectotype and 38 specimens from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1998; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (DEIGISHym 32036), Zharikovo 4 km N, 120 m, 44.643 ° N 131.681 ° E, 3. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU 034 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (Fig. 51, DEI-GISHym 86124), Gornotajozhnoe 1 km E, 150 m, 43.694 ° N 132.168 ° E, 19. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 006 (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 24. V. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♀ (incl. NSMT 30865), same locality, 28. V. – 1. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F223AC53FF67F9EDFE9AAFB0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe across Siberia to Kamchatka Kraj and Primorskij Kraj, North and South Korea (Shinohara 1998).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F223AC53FF67F9EDFE9AAFB0.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Padus avium Mill. (Kangas 1961; Kangas & Kangas 1965).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F223AC53FF67F9EDFE9AAFB0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a widely distributed Eurosiberian species. It is probably thelytokous-parthenogenetic with no males (Shinohara 1998), a rare case in the Pamphiliidae. Pamphilius albopictus is one of the three species of the Pamphiliidae known to be associated with Padus. The other two are P. kamikochensis Takeuchi, 1930 from Japan and P. padus Shinohara, 2016, from Zhejiang Province, China (Shinohara & Wei 2016). Shinohara (1998) proposed the P. albopictus subgroup of the P. vafer group to include P. albopictus, P. kamikochensis and P. heecheonparki Shinohara, 1998, from Korea and the Russian Far East, whereas Shinohara (2002 b) recognized the P. albopictus subgroup (P. albopictus and P. kamikochensis only) and the P. heecheonparki subgroup (P. heecheonparki only). In our COI molecular analysis (Fig. 148), the P. albopictus subgroup s. str. (P. albopictus, P. kamikochensis plus subsequently described P. leleji Shinohara & Taeger, 2007) was retrieved as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support and this clade was recovered as sister to P. heecheonparki with 89 % UFBoot support. In the NaK analysis (Figs 160 – 161), both of the clades P. albopictus + P. kamikochensis and P. heecheonparki were recovered as monophyletic with 100 % UFBoot support, but their relationships were not clearly resolved. The maximum intraspecific p - distance within P. albopictus was 0.8 % in COI (n = 4) and 0.2 % in NaK (n = 3) and the nearest neighbour was P. kamikochensis, diverging by a minimum of 2.2 % in COI analysis and by a minimum of 0.4 % in NaK analysis.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F224AC52FF67FA97FC69ABFA.taxon	description	(Figs 54, 55) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405118)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F224AC52FF67FA97FC69ABFA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 520 specimens, including the type series. Forty specimens are from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 2005; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 21865), Sikhote-Alin Reserve: Blagodatnoe cordon, 44.953 ° N 136.547 ° E, 2. VI. 2016, M. Sergeev (SDEI).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F224AC52FF67FA97FC69ABFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Yakutia, Khabarovskij Kraj, “ Sikhote-alin ”, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Shikotan Is.) (Shinohara 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F224AC52FF67FA97FC69ABFA.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Betulaceae: Alnus hirsuta Turcz. and / or its variety, var. sibirica (Fischer) C. K. Sch., Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. (Shinohara 2005; Shinohara & Hara 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F224AC52FF67FA97FC69ABFA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pamphilius alnivorus, P. masao Shinohara, 2005, and P. pallipes (Zetterstedt, 1838) belong to the P. vafer complex (Shinohara 2005) or the P. vafer subgroup of the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b), which comprises nine closely related Palaearctic species associated with Alnus and Betula. In our molecular study (Figs 148 – 151, 160, 161), the relationships of this group of species were poorly resolved. In the NaK analysis (Fig. 160), the two specimens of P. alnivorus from Japan did not even form a clade. Pamphilius alnivorus is closest to P. nakagawai Takeuchi, 1930, occurring in Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan, in morphology and bionomics (Shinohara 2005). The larva of P. alnivorus is a solitary leaf-roller on Alnus, making a leaf-roll on the underside but oviposition is on the upperside (Type II of Shinohara 2005). The site of oviposition (upperside of a leaf) and direction of leaf-rolling (underside) in this species are quite peculiar, otherwise known only for the Betula - feeding species, P. pallipes (Shinohara 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC52FF67FED9FD61A8B0.taxon	description	(Figs 56, 57) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405121)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC52FF67FED9FD61A8B0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 315 specimens, including the holotype. One specimen is from the Russian Far East (Shinohara & Taeger 2007).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC52FF67FED9FD61A8B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Shikotan Is., Honshu, Shikoku) (Shinohara 2013).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC52FF67FED9FD61A8B0.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Betulaceae: Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Turcz. ex Rupr., Alnus matsumurae Callier (Shinohara & Hara 1999, 2005; Shinohara 2005). Shinohara & Okutani’s (1983) record of Alnus viridis (Chaix) Lam. et DC. subsp. maximowiczii (Callier) D. Löve is probably erroneous (Shinohara 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC52FF67FED9FD61A8B0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is known only from Sakhalin and Japan. The larva feeds on Alnus solitarily, rolling a leaf edge below. The egg is deposited on the underside of the leaf (Shinohara & Kojima 2006). Shinohara (2002 b) placed this species in the P. balteatus complex of the P. balteatus subgroup, though our molecular analysis did not support the monophyly of this complex of species.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC51FF67FB96FC48A93E.taxon	description	(Figs 58, 59) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405133)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC51FF67FB96FC48A93E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 215 specimens, of which 210 are from Korea (present work). New collection data: FINLAND: 1 ♀, “ Suomi EH: Pälkäne, ex larva, 23. 5. 1975, 17 / 74, leg. J. Kangas, Sorbus aucuparia ” “ Pamphilius aucupariae V. Vikberg, ♀, coll. J. Kangas ” (NSMT); 1 ♀, “ Suomi EH: Lammi, 30. V. 1967, leg. Kontuniemi ” “ Paratype, Pamphilius aucupariae sp. n., det. V. Vikberg, 1971 ” “ From V. Vikberg, 14. III. 1983 ” (NSMT); 1 ♂, “ Fennia 6798: 354, Suomi EH: Pälkäne, ex larva, 31 / 5 1974, leg. J. Kangas ” “ Pamphilius aucupariae Vikberg, ♂, coll. Jaakko Kangas ” “ From V. Vikberg, 14. III. 1983 ” (NSMT). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 31. V. 1991, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 8 ♂, same locality, 30 – 31. V. 1992, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 5 ♂, same locality, 29. V. – 1. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 29. V. – 1. VI. 1996, J. - W. Kim (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 6. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 13 ♂, same locality, 6. VI. 1996, J. - W. Kim (NSMT); 49 ♂, same locality, 26. V. – 7. VI. 1997, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4 ♂, same locality, 1 – 3. VI. 1997, J. - W. Kim (NSMT); 1 ♀ 26 ♂, same locality, 27. V. – 1. VI. 1998, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 21 ♂, same locality, 24. V. – 3. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 3 ♂ (NSMT 30768 – 30770), same locality, 25. V. – 1. VI. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 7 ♂ (incl. NSMT 30861), same locality, 27. V. – 5. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♂, same locality, 11. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT). Jeollanam-do: 39 ♂, Jungsanri – Popkyesa, 1000 – 1300 m, Jirisan Mts., 25 – 29. V. 1987, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 26 ♂, Mt. Nogodan, 1200 m, Jirisan Mts., 4 – 5. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC51FF67FB96FC48A93E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Finland, Russia (Yakutia) (Shinohara & Vasilenko 2005). South Korea (new record).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC51FF67FB96FC48A93E.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Sorbus aucuparia L.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC51FF67FB96FC48A93E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a rare species previously known only from Finland and Yakutia, Russia (Shinohara & Vasilenko 2005). This is the first record from Korea. The larvae are gregarious web-spinners on Sorbus (Vikberg 2002). Another species of Pamphilius, whose larvae are gregarious web-spinners on Sorbus, is P. montanus montanus Shinohara, 1985, from Honshu, Japan (Shinohara & Kojima 2011). The larvae of these two species have not been differentiated. The Korean specimens examined differ from the Finnish specimens in a darker colour pattern. In Korean females, the entire tergum 1, large areas on the terga 2 and 6 and the entire terga 7 and 8 are black and all the sterna are broadly black basally. In Finnish females, the entire tergum 1 and very narrow areas on the terga 2 and 6 to 8 are black and the sterna 2, 3, 6 and 7 are marked with black basally. In almost all males from Korea, the postocular stripe terminates at the corner of the upper inner orbits, whereas the postocular stripe extends ventrally along the inner orbits in the Finnish males (see fig. 2 in Vikberg 1971). In structural characters, no conspicuous differences have been found. In our molecular analysis, the maximum intraspecific p - distance was 1.3 % in COI (n = 4) and 0.1 % in NaK (n = 4). The nearest neighbour was P. balteatus (Fallén, 1808), diverging by a minimum of 3.7 % in the COI analysis, and P. confusus Shinohara, 2005, diverging by a minimum of 0.4 %, in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 151), P. aucupariae branched off near the base of the P. vafer group and its affinities are unclear, whereas in the NaK tree (Fig. 161) it was retrieved as sister to P. leleji with UFBoot support of 98 %.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC51FF67FD1DFB5BADDC.taxon	description	(Figs 60, 61) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405139)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC51FF67FD1DFB5BADDC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 50 specimens, including 26 specimens from the Russian Far Est and North Korea (Takeuchi 1938; Shinohara 1985 b; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 21845), Vladivostok, Botanical Garden, 43.224 ° N 131.993 ° E, 21. V. 2015, M. Sergeev (SDEI); 1 ♀, Rettihovka 9 km E, 170 m, 44.178 ° N 132.877 ° E, 29. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 024 (Fig. 60, DEI-GISHym 12938).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC51FF67FD1DFB5BADDC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe, Siberia, Baikal region, Kamchatka Kraj, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin, North Korea, Japan (Takeuchi 1938; Shinohara 1985 b; Sundukov 2017).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC51FF67FD1DFB5BADDC.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Rosa spp. (Taeger et al. 1998; Vikberg 2002; Shinohara & Hara 2006).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC51FF67FD1DFB5BADDC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is widely distributed in northern Eurasia. In Korea, it has been found only in Gosui [= Hapsu], Hakugan [= Paegam] and Tonai [= Tonae], all in Ryanggang-do, North Korea (Takeuchi 1938; Shinohara 1985 b) and the confirmed host plants of this species are Rosa spp. (Taeger et al. 1998; Vikberg 2002; Shinohara & Hara 2006). Lee et al. (2019) included South Korea in the distribution of this species and Sundukov (2017) and Lee et al. (2019) gave Fragaria, Prunus and Spiraea as additional hosts without presenting new data or relevant references. These distribution and host records need confirmation. In the key by Shinohara & Lelej (2007), P. balteatus will erroneously run to P. itoi, because P. balteatus is wrongly placed under couplet 19, whereas it should be placed under couplet 16 (then 18). This error has been corrected in the new key given above. In our COI analysis (Fig. 148), six specimens from Germany, Finland and Primorskij Kraj formed a monophyletic group with 97 % UFBoot support. The clade of P. balteatus (specimens from Germany, Finland and Primorskij Kraj) was retrieved as the sister group of the P. thorwaldi subgroup (P. lobatus Maa, 1950 + P. planifrons Beneš, 1976 + P. belokobylskiji sp. nov. + P. rhoae Shinohara, 1988) with 95 % UFBoot support (Fig. 148).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC5FFF67F8A2FE05AE56.taxon	description	(Figs 62, 63) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 16943245)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC5FFF67F8A2FE05AE56.taxon	description	Female (Fig. 62). Length about 11 – 12 mm. Head black, with following pale yellow: most of clypeus, narrow line along upper inner orbit (this line missing in one specimen, Fig. 62), continuing posteriorly as a rather broad postocular stripe extending from posterior inner corner of eye to crassa, crescent line along outer margin of lateral suture of postocellar area; mandible black, with outer basal part pale yellow and apex dark rufous; scape and pedicel black, with outer surface pale yellow; flagellum blackish brown, with outer surface paler, particularly the basal part. Thorax black, with following pale yellow: ventral part of lateral pronotum, broad posterolateral corner of dorsal pronotum, obscure mark on cervical sclerite, tegula, posterior part of mesoscutal middle lobe, mesoscutellum, large spot on lateral posterior part of mesepisternum, metascutellum, dorsal part of metepimeron; legs pale yellow, except for narrowly black coxal bases. Wings hyaline, distinctly stained with brown; veins blackish brown, with veins C and Sc yellowish, and base of vein 1 A pale yellow; stigma dark yellow, marginally dark brown. Abdomen orange dorsally with terga 1 and 2 mostly, broad anterior margin (except for lateral margin and median interruption) of tergum 3, small lateral spot on each of terga 4 and 5, and most of more posterior terga black; narrow lateral margin (more broadly on more posterior segments) pale yellowish; abdomen pale yellow ventrally, with broad anterior part of each sternum black. Frons swollen in dorsal aspect, somewhat concave below ocelli down to ill-defined median fovea; ocellar basin represented as a broad furrow around median ocellus; frontoclypeal crest rather flat, rounded, swollen between antennal sockets; facial crest moderately convex, very bluntly carinate. Upper part of head behind transverse and lateral transverse sutures smooth, with large, often ill-defined punctures; area from facial crest to lateral transverse suture coarsely rugose, outer part somewhat smoother, with large, rather shallow irregular punctures; frons almost reticulate, with coarse large deep punctures; paraantennal field with dense small punctures, transversely rugose, with only ventral part nearly impunctate along inner orbit; clypeus with distinct medium-sized punctures, with interspaces smooth medially and coarsely rugose laterally; gena weakly coriaceous, with rather small, often illdefined punctures; head covered with rather long silvery hairs before crassa, except for nearly glabrous ventral part of paraantennal field. Antennae with 24 – 25 antennomeres; flagellomere 1 1.2 – 1.3 × length of flagellomere 2. Forewing cell C pilose all over. Ovipositor sheath as in Fig. 62 g; appendage narrow-conical, setose medially and apically. Male (Fig. 63). Length about 8.5 – 11 mm. Head black, with frontal surface below line connecting facial crests, broad postocular stripe, short crescent marking along outer margin of lateral suture of postocellar area (sometimes missing), entire gena and malar space pale yellow; mandible pale yellow with dark rufous apex; scape and pedicel pale yellow, with dorsal surface largely black (black area missing in one specimen); flagellum dark brown, with flagellomere 1 marked with black dorsally. Thorax black, with following pale yellow: most of lateral pronotum extending dorsally along posterior margin to cover broad posterolateral corner of dorsal pronotum, ventral half of cervical sclerite, tegula, posterior half of mesoscutal middle lobe, mesoscutellum, mesepisternum including pectus (except for black lateral spot along very narrowly black posterodorsal margin), broad posterior (dorsal) margin of mesepimeron, metascutellum, linear mark connecting inner ends of cenchri, metepisternum (except for ventral surface), dorsal half (except for anterior part) and posterior margin of metepimeron; legs pale yellow, except for narrowly black coxal bases. Wings hyaline, distinctly tinted with brown; veins blackish brown, with veins C and Sc yellowish, and base of vein 1 A pale yellow; stigma dark yellow, marginally dark brown. Abdomen orange dorsally and pale yellow ventrally; dorsum with terga 1 and 2 mostly, broad anterior margin (except for lateral margin and median interruption) of each of terga 3 to 5, and terga 6 to 8 (except for broad lateral and posterior margins) black, and lateral margin (more broadly on more posterior segments), very narrow posterior margin (rather broadly on posterior segments) of each of terga 2 to 8, and tergum 10 wholly pale yellowish; venter with narrow anterior margin of sternum 2 black. Genitalia black; harpe and penis valve pale brown. Structure generally similar to that of female. Antennae with 23 – 28 antennomeres; flagellomere 1 1.0 – 1.1 × length of flagellomere 2 and distinctly thinner in lateral view than the latter, with apex strongly oblique. Subgenital plate with apical margin broadly rounded. Genitalia as in Fig. 11: 57 aa; penis valve very long and slender, valviceps not strongly produced laterally.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC5FFF67F8A2FE05AE56.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 113 specimens. Holotype: ♂ (Fig. 63, DEI-GISHym 12942), RU: Primorskij Kraj: Anisimovka, Gribanovka 1 km N, 450 m, 43.126 ° N 132.797 ° E, 1. VII. 2017, Taeger, Loktionov, Proshch., RU 150 (ZISP). Paratypes: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 14 ♂, Anisimov Pass, 400 m, 5 km E of Anisimovka, 6 – 7. VI. 1995, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 38 ♂, Pass, 500 m, 28 km NNW of Partizansk, 13 – 14. VI. 1995, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♂ (DEIGISHym 88019, 88121), Anisimovka, Gribanovka 1 km N, 450 m, 43.126 ° N 132.797 ° E, 16. VI. 2017, A. Taeger & M. Proshchalykin (SDEI); 6 ♂ (incl. DEI-GISHym 88123), Anisimovka, Gribanovka 1 km N, 450 m, 43.126 ° N 132.797 ° E, 1. VII. 2017, A. Taeger, M. Proshchalykin, T. Schmitt, V. Loktionov, RU 150 (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2 ♂ (described as P. planifrons by Shinohara, 1988 b), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 10 – 11. VI. 1987, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 8 ♂, same locality, 19 – 28. V. 1989, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 10 ♂, same locality, 31. V. – 7. VI. 1991, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 6. VI. 1991, J. - W. Kim (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 30. V. 1992, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 1 ♂, same locality, 29. V. – 6. VI. 1996, J. - W. Kim (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 6. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 3 ♂, same locality, 27 – 30. V. 1998, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ (Fig. 62) 21 ♂, same locality, 23. V. – 4. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♂ (NSMT 30766, 30767), same locality, 26 – 27. V. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂ (NSMT 30866), same locality, 1. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC5FFF67F8A2FE05AE56.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC5FFF67F8A2FE05AE56.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC5FFF67F8A2FE05AE56.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This new species is named after Dr. Sergej A. Belokobylskij, who played an important role in bringing about the joint Russian-German expeditions in 1993 and 2016.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC5FFF67F8A2FE05AE56.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This new species has much in common with P. lobatus Maa, 1950, P. planifrons Beneš, 1976, and P. rhoae Shinohara, 1988, which are the members of P. thorwaldi complex (Shinohara, 2002 b). Shinohara (1988 b) described the male of P. belokobylskiji as P. planifrons. These four species share punctate pilose heads with only moderately swollen upper frons and facial crests, short flagellomere 1 and a generally similar colour pattern, except for that of the abdomen. Pamphilius belokobylskiji is easily distinguished from P. planifrons and P. rhoae by the largely orange abdomen in both sexes, though the male genitalia of the three species are almost indistinguishable. The female of P. belokobylskiji is very similar to that of P. lobatus and can be separated from it almost only by the different surface microsculpture of the head. In P. belokobylskiji, the broad area from the paraantennal fields (except for the ventral margin), frons, facial crests, ocellar area to the transverse and lateral transverse sutures is dull and rather shallowly rugose with mostly confluent and indistinct punctures (Fig. 8: 18 aa-cc), whereas in P. lobatus, the area is dull and rugose and the punctures are dense and generally very distinct (Fig. 8: 19 a). There may be some differences in colour pattern as shown in the key but the characters apparently overlap and are of only supplementary value for species distinction. The male of P. belokobylskiji is also similar to that of P. lobatus in extragenital characters, but the narrow valviceps of P. belokobylskiji (Fig. 11: 57 aa) is very different from the very broad valviceps of P. lobatus (Fig. 11: 57 a). The differences in the surface microsculpture of the head, noted above for the females, also apply to the males. In male genitalic characters, P. belokobylskiji strongly resembles P. planifrons and P. rhoae, but the latter two species have no orange areas on the abdomen. In our molecular analyses (Figs 149, 161), the P. thorwaldi complex was retrieved as monophyletic with 98 % UFBoot support in COI and with 97 % UFBoot support in NaK, but P. belokobylskiji was not clearly differentiated from the related species.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F228AC5EFF67FA35FC1DAAF7.taxon	description	(Figs 77, 78) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405187)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F228AC5EFF67FA35FC1DAAF7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 685 specimens, including the type series, almost all from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1998; National Museum of Nature and Science 2021; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 4 ♀ 7 ♂ (incl. 30771 – 30775), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 25. V. – 1. VI. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 5 ♀ 86 ♂ (incl. NSMT 30855), same locality, 27. V. – 5. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4 ♀ 38 ♂, same locality, 11 – 18. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F228AC5EFF67FA35FC1DAAF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Irkutskaya oblast, Yakutia, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea (Shinohara 1998).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F228AC5EFF67FA35FC1DAAF7.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown. Many of the specimens from Odaesan Mts., South Korea, were swept from the foliage of Padus sp. (Rosaceae), which may possibly be a host plant of this species.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F228AC5EFF67FA35FC1DAAF7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is well characterized by the large elongate glabrous ovipositor sheath appendage (Fig. 77 h) in the female and the anchor-like penis valve (Fig. 11: 61 a) in the male. Shinohara (1998) included this species in his P. albopictus subgroup of the P. vafer group but later he (2002 b) proposed the P. heecheonparki subgroup for this species alone. In our molecular analysis, the six available COI sequences of this species from South Korea were identical and the maximum intraspecific p - distance among the six NaK sequences was 0.2 %. The nearest neighbour was P. kamikochensis (a member of the P. albopictus subgroup), diverging by a minimum of 3.2 % in the COI analysis and P. masao (members of the P. vafer subgroup) by a minimum of 0.5 % in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 148), P. heecheonparki was retrieved as the sister group of P. albopictus + P. kamikochensis + P. leleji with 89 % UFBoot support, whereas in the NaK tree (Fig. 161) P. heecheonparki was sister to the cluster of P. stramineipes + P. togashii (with only 58 % UFBoot support) with very low UFBoot value of 42 %.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F229AC5EFF67FDD5FF65AC6C.taxon	description	(Figs 83 – 86) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405202)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F229AC5EFF67FDD5FF65AC6C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 710 specimens, including 10 specimens from the Russian Far East and North Korea (Takeuchi 1936 a; Shinohara 2002 b; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♂, Lazovsky distr., upstream of Luk’yanov Log Creek, Malaise trap, 25. VI. 2008, Yu. Sundukov, YS 034 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 21846), Sikhote-Alin Reserve, Middle Kolume river, salty ground, forest, 45.500 ° N 135.900 ° E, 18. VI. 2015, M. Sergeev (SDEI).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F229AC5EFF67FDD5FF65AC6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe, Siberia, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin, North Korea, China (Jilin), Japan (Shinohara 2002 b, Shinohara & Yuan 2004, Sundukov 2017).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F229AC5EFF67FDD5FF65AC6C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Rubus spp. (Shinohara & Kojima 2009).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F229AC5EFF67FDD5FF65AC6C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a widely distributed Palaearctic species and is not uncommon in Hokkaido, Japan (633 Japanese specimens recorded by National Museum of Nature and Science 2021), but it seems rare in the Russian Far East and Korea. In Korea, only one old female specimen labelled “ Tonai [= Tonae, Ryanggang-do, North Korea], 23. VII. 1935, K. Takeuchi ”, has been recorded (Shinohara 2002 b) and we have not seen any specimens or published collection records from South Korea. Lee et al. ’ s (2019) record of “ Korea (South) ” needs confirmation. In our COI analysis (Fig. 151), the only specimen available from Primorskij Kraj formed a clade with northern European specimens from Finland and Norway with 100 % UFBoot support and this clade was retrieved as sister to a clade of Japanese specimens with 98 % UFBoot support; then, this clade of northern European and East Asian specimens was part of the polytomous clade with 100 % UFBoot support mostly containing central European material from Germany and Switzerland. For the NaK analysis, only one Norwegian and three Japanese specimens were available and they formed a clade with 100 % UFBoot support (Fig. 161). It is interesting that the East Asian specimens are genetically closer to the northern European specimens than to the central European specimens. This may have some connection with Benson’s (1945) finding of pale (south) and dark (north) color forms in Britain and establishment of a new subspecies, P. hortorum bicinctus Benson, 1945, for the northern dark form, which occurs also in Sweden. The specimens from Primorskij Kraj (Fig. 83) and Japan (Fig. 84) are darker than the central European specimens and may agree with the diagnosis of P. hortorum bicinctus. We are not advocating the validity of Benson’s subspecies, but the occurrence of morphologically and genetically similar populations in northern Europe and the Far East should be investigated with much more material from throughout the distribution range of the species.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FF04FD3BA84B.taxon	description	(Figs 87, 88) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405211)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FF04FD3BA84B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 1610 specimens, including the type series, all from Japan. No specimens were available from the Russian Far East and Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FF04FD3BA84B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Honshu) (Sundukov 2009).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FF04FD3BA84B.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Betulaceae: Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Turcz. ex Rupr., Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. (Shinohara & Hara 1995, 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FF04FD3BA84B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is often commonly found in Hokkaido, Japan (1436 Japanese specimens recorded by National Museum of Nature and Science 2021), but only two females have been recorded from the continent (Primorskij Kraj, Russia, by Sundukov 2009). We have seen no specimens of this species from outside Japan. In the molecular analysis using COI and NaK (Figs 149, 160), the specimens of this species (all from Japan) were retrieved as a clade belonging to a complex of rather poorly resolved Alnus - and Betula - feeding species of the P. vafer group, such as P. alnivorus, P. confusus, P. flavipectus Shinohara, 2005, P. masao, P. nakagawai, P. pallipes, P. archiducalis and P. varius (Serville, 1823).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FC0AFC0AAEC6.taxon	description	(Fig. 89) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405214)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FC0AFC0AAEC6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fifty-five specimens (type series) from South Korea (Shinohara 1997).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FC0AFC0AAEC6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FC0AFC0AAEC6.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FC0AFC0AAEC6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pamphilius kimi was described from a series of male specimens collected on the mountains of Gangwon-do, South Korea between 1992 and 1997 (Shinohara 1997). No additional collection records have been published and the females are still unknown. No molecular data for this species are available. This is an isolated species in the P. vafer group and forms a subgroup of its own, the P. kimi subgroup (Shinohara 2002 b). It is one of the three species of Pamphilius (P. heecheonparki, P. varius and P. kimi) whose males are characterized by the anchor-shaped penis valves. From P. heecheonparki and P. varius, P. kimi is distinguished by the arcuately concave inner margin of the harpe (Figs 11: 61 a; 89 h, i).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5CFF67F984FDB3AAAF.taxon	description	(Figs 94 – 96) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405220)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5CFF67F984FDB3AAAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Twenty-three specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East (Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). The holotype has been deposited in ZISP. New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (Fig. 95, DEI-GISHym 86269), Arsenyev, Ski-Base Bodrost, 200 m, 44.122 ° N 133.270 ° E, 25. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 017 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32051), Komissarovo N, 130 m, 45.000 ° N 131.788 ° E, 4. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU 035 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32032), Zolotaya Dolina E, 40 m, 42.943 ° N 133.161 ° E, 10. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU 046 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 21847), Sikhote-Alin Reserve: Middle Kolume river, salty ground, forest, 45.500 ° N 135.900 ° E, 18. VI. 2015, M. Sergeev (SDEI).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5CFF67F984FDB3AAAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5CFF67F984FDB3AAAF.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5CFF67F984FDB3AAAF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. So far as is known, this species is endemic to Primorskij Kraj. In our molecular analysis, the maximum intraspecific p - distance was 0.2 % in COI (n = 3) and 0 % in NaK (n = 3). The nearest neighbour was P. kamikochensis (a member of the P. albopictus subgroup), diverging by a minimum of 3.1 % in the COI analysis, and by a minimum of 0.8 % in the NaK analysis. Pamphilius leleji was recovered as sister to the clade P. albopictus + P. kamikochensis with 100 % UFBoot support in the COI tree (Fig. 148) but as sister to P. aucupariae with 98 % UFBoot support in the NaK tree (Fig. 161).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22BAC5CFF67FE6DFB2DAC56.taxon	description	(Figs 97 – 99) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405238)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22BAC5CFF67FE6DFB2DAC56.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 230 specimens, including 145 specimens from the Russian Far Est and South Korea (Shinohara 1988 b; Shinohara & Lee 1997; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a, b; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀, Lazovsky distr., upstream of Luk’yanov Log Creek, Malaise trap, 25. VI. 2008, Yu. Sundukov, YS 034 (SDEI); 1 ♀ (Fig. 98, DEI-GISHym 88047), Anisimovka 7 km S, Mt. Litovka, 1200 m, 43.102 ° N 132.786 ° E, 19. VI. 2017, V. Loktionov (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♂, Tokchomgogae, nr. Chuncheon, 22. V. 1992, A. Shinohara (NSMT). 1 ♂, Jingogae, 850 m, Odaesan Mts., 2. VI. 1992, A. Shinohara (NSMT). 1 ♀ 2 ♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 21 – 26. V. 1989, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4 ♀ 6 ♂, same locality, 29. V. – 2. VI. 1991, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 2 ♂, same locality, 30. V. – 2. VI. 1992, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 1 ♂, same locality, 27 – 29. V. 1993, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♀ 1 ♂, same locality, 29. V. – 6. VI. 1996, J. - W. Kim (NSMT); 2 ♀, same locality, 3 – 7. VI. 1997, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♂, same locality, 29 – 30. V. 1998, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 3 ♀ 8 ♂, same locality, 23. V. – 4. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 2 ♂ (NSMT 30763 – 5), same locality, 27 – 30. V. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4 ♀ 14 ♂ (incl. NSMT 30856, 30862), same locality, 27. V. – 5. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 6 ♂, same locality, 11 – 18. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT). Jeollanam-do: 1 ♂, Mt. Nogodan, 1200 m, Chirisan Mts., 4 – 5. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, same data, 26 – 28. V. 1997 (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22BAC5CFF67FE6DFB2DAC56.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), China (Jilin), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) (Shinohara & Taeger 2007).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22BAC5CFF67FE6DFB2DAC56.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Caprifoliaceae: Macrodiervilla middendorffiana (Carriere) Nakai (Shinohara & Hara 2011).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22BAC5CFF67FE6DFB2DAC56.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to the P. thorwaldi complex of the P. stramineipes subgroup of the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b). The P. thorwaldi complex is represented by P. lobatus, P. belokobylskiji, P. planifrons, P. rhoae and P. thorwaldi Kontuniemi, 1946, and P. lobatus has the widest range of distribution among the East Asian members. It should be noted that in the COI analysis (Fig. 149) nine sequences of this species were retrieved as two separate clades, the Japanese specimens (n = 3) and the Korean and Russian specimens (n = 6). The maximum p - distance among the Japanese specimens was 0.9 % and that among the Korean and Russian specimens was 0.2 % whereas the two sets of sequences diverged by a minimum of 2.7 %. The last value is quite large as an intraspecific distance and comparable to the interspecific distance between closely related congeners, such as P. albopictus and P. kamikochensis (2.0 %) or P. benesi and P. pallidus (2.9 %). In the NaK analysis (Fig. 161), the Japanese and the continental clusters were not clearly differentiated. Here we treat the continental and Japanese populations as conspecific, though a fairly large geographical genetic diversification apparently exists between them.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FF04FE1BA8B9.taxon	description	(Figs 100, 101) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405247)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FF04FE1BA8B9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 3240 specimens, including the type series. Five specimens are from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 2005; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Sakhalin: 1 ♀, Matolozovo, 2 – 3. VII. 1991 (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FF04FE1BA8B9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Etorofu Is., Kunashiri Is., Shikotan Is.) (Shinohara 2005; Sundukov 2015).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FF04FE1BA8B9.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Betulaceae: Betula ermanii Cham., Alnus maximowiczii Call. (Shinohara 2005; Shinohara & Hara 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FF04FE1BA8B9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is a member of the P. vafer complex (Shinohara 2005) or the P. vafer subgroup of the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b), which is a complex of birch- or alder-feeding species having much in common morphologically and genetically (see also comments under P. alnivorus). The larva of P. masao is a solitary leaf-roller. The egg is laid on the upperside and the larval leaf-roll is also on the upperside of the leaf (Type III of Shinohara 2005). This character is known otherwise only for P. confusus and P. flavipectus from Japan (Shinohara & Kojima 2006). Pamphilius masao is fairly common in montane birch forests in Hokkaido, Japan (2769 Japanese specimens recorded by National Museum of Nature and Science 2021), but only a few specimens were recorded from Sakhalin, Russia (Shinohara 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FB98FC48ADD9.taxon	description	(Figs 108, 109) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405268)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FB98FC48ADD9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 455 specimens, including the lectotype; 204 specimens are from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 2005; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 4 ♀ 1 ♂ (incl. NSMT 30756 – 30759), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 26. V. – 2. VI. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♂, same locality, 28. V. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FB98FC48ADD9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe, Iran, Siberia to Kamchatka Kraj and the continental part of the Russian Far East, northeastern China, North and South Korea (Shinohara 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FB98FC48ADD9.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Betulaceae: Betula spp.,? Alnus spp. (Taeger et al. 1998; Shinohara 2003 a, 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FB98FC48ADD9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a widely distributed Palaearctic species but not recorded from Japan (Shinohara 2003 a, 2005). It belongs to the P. vafer complex (Shinohara 2005) or the P. vafer subgroup of the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b). The larva is a solitary leaf-roller, making a leaf-roll on the underside. The oviposition is on the upperside (Type II of Shinohara 2005). As noted under P. alnivorus, the site of oviposition (upperside of a leaf) and direction of leaf-rolling (underside) in this species and P. alnivorus are characteristic.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5AFF67F8BFFB73A9F3.taxon	description	(Figs 111, 112) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405274)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5AFF67F8BFFB73A9F3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Eighteen specimens, including the holotype, all from the Russian Far East (Beneš 1976; Shinohara 1988, see comments below about the males; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♂, Ussurijskij Reserve, 21 – 26. V. 1994, A. Shinohara (Fig. 112, NSMT); 6 ♀, same locality, 9 – 12. VI. 1995, A. Shinohara (Fig. 111, NSMT); 2 ♀, same locality, 9 – 12. VI. 1995, A. Lelej (NSMT); 1 ♂, Okeanskaja, Vladivostok, 28. V. 1994, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Anisimovka, 300 m, 1. VI. 1994, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Uglekamensk, 2. VI. 1994, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2 ♀, Valley of Tigrovaja River, 180 m, 12 km N of Partizansk, 6. VI. 1994, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 32052), Arsenyev, Ski-Base Bodrost, 200 m, 44.122 ° N 133.270 ° E, 25. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 017 (SDEI); 2 ♀ (DEI-GISHym 12992 & 32040), Zolotaya Dolina E, 40 m, 42.943 ° N 133.161 ° E, 10. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU 046 (SDEI).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5AFF67F8BFFB73A9F3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5AFF67F8BFFB73A9F3.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5AFF67F8BFFB73A9F3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is a member of the P. thorwaldi complex of the P. stramineipes subgroup of the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b). Shinohara (1988 b) recorded this species from South Korea based on two male specimens as P. planifrons. These two males actually belong to the new species P. belokobylskiji described above, and South Korea is here excluded from the distribution of P. planifrons. Pamphilius planifrons is most closely allied to P. rhoae, as discussed under the latter species. In the molecular analyses using COI and NaK sequences (Figs 149, 161), the relationships between P. belokobylskiji, P. planifrons and P. rhoae were poorly resolved.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC5AFF67FCD1FA93AED6.taxon	description	(Figs 113, 114) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405286)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC5AFF67FCD1FA93AED6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Seventy-two specimens, including the type series, all from South Korea (Shinohara 1988 b; Shinohara & Lee 1997; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021 a, b; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1 ♀, Tokchomgogae, 510 m, nr. Chuncheon, 22. V. 1992, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Sangwonsa, Odaesan Mts., 20. V. 1989, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ (NSMT 30858), same locality, 6. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 6. VI. 1996, J. - W. Kim (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC5AFF67FCD1FA93AED6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC5AFF67FCD1FA93AED6.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Unknown.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC5AFF67FCD1FA93AED6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This Korean species belongs to the P. thorwaldi complex of the P. stramineipes subgroup of the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b). It is very close to P. planifrons from Primorskij Kraj in morphology and genetics (Figs 149, 161). Although most of the known specimens can be identified by the characters given in the key, the two species may eventually be treated as local forms of the same species. Before synonymizing them, however, we still need more information about geographical variations and preferably also host plants and immature stages.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC59FF67F9B5FE67A987.taxon	description	(Figs 115, 116) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405283)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC59FF67F9B5FE67A987.taxon	description	Lectotype designation. Matsumura (1912) described Lyda sapporensis without giving number of the specimens examined. Here we designate the male specimen labeled “ Sahoro, 6 / 5 ” “ 29 ” “ Lyda sapporensis n. sp. det. Matsumura ” in Matsumura’s collection (HU) as a lectotype. It is in poor condition and has the head and genitalia missing.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC59FF67F9B5FE67A987.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 545 specimens, including the lectotype, and two specimens from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 2002 b; Shinohara & Taeger 2007).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC59FF67F9B5FE67A987.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Russia (Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Shikotan Is.) (Shinohara & Taeger 2007).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC59FF67F9B5FE67A987.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Filipendula camtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. (Shinohara & Okutani 1983).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC59FF67F9B5FE67A987.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Shinohara (2002 b) placed this species in his P. venustus complex of the P. stramineipes subgroup of the P. vafer group. Pamphilius sapporensis has much in common with P. venustus in morphology, molecular data (see below) and host plants, and overlapping distributions of the two species in Hokkaido is interesting in clarifying their speciation history. The maximum intraspecific p - distance among the three Japanese specimens in P. sapporensis was 0.3 % in COI and 0.1 % in NaK and the nearest neighbour was P. balteatus, diverging by a minimum of 2.5 % in the COI analysis, and P. venustus by a minimum of 0.8 % in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 149), the relationship of P. sapporensis with other species was not well resolved, but in the NaK tree (Fig. 161), P. sapporensis was retrieved as the sister of P. venustus with 99 % UFBoot support. In Hokkaido, Japan, this species occurs together with two other Filipendula - associated pamphiliids, P. venustus (known from Hokkaido, Honshu and Shikoku) and Onycholyda kumamotonis (known from Sakhalin, Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Honshu and? Kyushu). The largely orange upper part of head will easily distinguish P. sapporensis from the latter two species.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC59FF67FD45FE7DADD6.taxon	description	(Figs 117, 118) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405295)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC59FF67FD45FE7DADD6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 425 specimens, including two specimens from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1988 b).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC59FF67FD45FE7DADD6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe, Armenia, Russia (Siberia, Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Etorofu Is., Kunashiri Is.) (Shinohara 1988 b; Sundukov & Lelej 2012).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC59FF67FD45FE7DADD6.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant. Rosaceae: Rosa spp. (Hara 1993; Shinohara & Hara 2005). Records of other plants in Europe (Crataegus, Fragaria, Rubus and Sanguisorba, see Taeger et al. 1998) need confirmation.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC59FF67FD45FE7DADD6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to the P. stramineipes complex of the P. stramineipes subgroup of the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b). Shinohara (2002 b) included P. stramineipes, P. thorwaldi and P. venustus complexes in his P. stramineipes subgroup, while our molecular analyses did not indicate a close relationship among the three species complexes. In our COI analysis (Fig. 151), the three specimens of P. stramineipes from Japan and Italy were retrieved as a monophyletic group (with 93 % UFBoot support), which was sister (with 100 % UFBoot support) to the clade of 26 specimens of P. hortorum. In the NaK analysis (Fig. 161), the two sequences of P. stramineipes from Japan formed a clade with 100 % UFBoot support. This clade then came close to P. togashii and P. heecheonparki, but this relationship had low UFBoot supports of 42 and 58 %. Pamphilius stramineipes is a Palaearctic species widely spread from western Europe through Siberia and Sakhalin to Hokkaido, Japan. However, there are no collection records from other areas of the Russian Far East (e. g., Primorskij Kraj) and Korea.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC58FF67F8B5FB89AF9E.taxon	description	(Figs 127 – 129) (https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 11405325)	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC58FF67F8B5FB89AF9E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. About 2460 specimens, including 1004 specimens from the Russian Far Est and South Korea (Takeuchi 1936 a; National Museum of Nature and Science 2021; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1 ♀ (Fig. 127, DEI-GISHym 86311), Yakovlevka 12 km NW, 250 m, 44.541 ° N 133.366 ° E, 27. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous & A. Taeger, RU 019 (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 4 ♂ (incl. NSMT 30760 – 30762), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300 m, Odaesan Mts., 25 – 30. V. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1 ♀ 28 ♂, same locality, 28. V. – 5. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 14 ♀ 1 ♂, same locality, 11 – 18. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC58FF67F8B5FB89AF9E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Europe, through Siberia to the Russian Far East (Kamchatka Kraj, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin, northern Kuriles), North and South Korea and Japan (Hokkaido, southern Kuriles, Honshu, Kyushu).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC58FF67F8B5FB89AF9E.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plants. Betulaceae: Betula spp., Alnus incana (Taeger et al. 1998; Shinohara & Hara 1999, 2005).	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC58FF67F8B5FB89AF9E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a widely distributed northern Palaearctic species, often commonly found in birch forests on higher mountains in Korea and Japan. Pamphilius varius belongs to the P. varius subgroup of the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b). This species looks similar to the species of the P. vafer complex (Shinohara 2005) or the P. vafer subgroup of the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002 b), such as P. alnivorus, P. masao or P. pallipes, but the usually impunctate or sparsely punctate, almost glabrous upper part of head, the small and pilose ovipositor sheath appendage in the female and the characteristic anchor-shaped valviceps in the male genitalia (Fig. 129 g, h) will easily separate P. varius. In our molecular analysis, however, available sequences of this species were not well resolved and did not even form a single cluster. It is interesting that the European (German and Finnish) specimens were retrieved as close to the Japanese (in-group distances 0.2 – 0.9 % in Europe and distances between Europe and Japan 1.1 – 1.7 %) and these were placed at a distance (3.7 – 5.3 %) from the specimens from Primorskij Kraj and South Korea (in-group distances 0.1 – 1.3 %, excluding one doubtfully identified larval specimen) in the COI analysis (Fig. 150). The genetic variations and affinities of this and the related species are still poorly understood.	en	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
