identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FDD4FC1BA9CD.text	FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FDD4FC1BA9CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neurotoma saltuum (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neurotoma saltuum (Linnaeus,1758)</p>
            <p>Sundukov (2017) included the Korean Peninsula in the distribution of this species. As fully discussed by Shinohara (1980), this record is wrong. Shinohara et al. (2018a) and Lee et al. (2019) did not include this species in the Korean fauna. There is no evidence for the occurrence of this species in Korea.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FDD4FC1BA9CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FD68FC1DA8A6.text	FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FD68FC1DA8A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda lucida (Rohwer 1910)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onycholyda lucida (Rohwer, 1910)</p>
            <p> Sundukov (2017) included the Sakha Republic in the distribution of this species. The record of Kajmuk (1972) from Yakutia (also Verzhutskij 1981) was based on a misidentification of  Pamphilius balteatus (Fallén, 1808) (Shinohara 1986c) . Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev (1995) and Shinohara &amp; Lelej (2007) did not include  O. lucida in the Russian fauna.  Onycholyda lucida is endemic to Japan (Shinohara 2019, 2020). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FD68FC1DA8A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FC40FEA9AF5A.text	FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FC40FEA9AF5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda minomalis (Takeuchi 1930)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onycholyda minomalis (Takeuchi, 1930)</p>
            <p> Sundukov (2017) noted “ Russia: without regions (Taeger, Blank, 2011)” in the distribution of this species. This record is wrong, as explained under  O. yezoensis below. There is no evidence for the occurrence of  O. minomalis in Russia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FC40FEA9AF5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FB14FD52AE32.text	FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FB14FD52AE32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius takeuchii Benes 1972	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius takeuchii Beneš, 1972</p>
            <p> Sundukov &amp; Lelej (2009, 2012) and Sundukov (2017) included Primorskij Kraj in the distribution of  P. takeuchii . However, as discussed in detail by Shinohara (2013), the only known Russian specimen that was once determined as  P. takeuchii (Beneš 1974) is the holotype of  P. croceus Shinohara, 1986 .  Pamphilius takeuchii is endemic to Japan and not known from Russia (Shinohara &amp; Zhou 2006). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FB14FD52AE32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FACCFC6FAD0A.text	FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FACCFC6FAD0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius venustus (Smith 1874) NSMT	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius venustus (Smith, 1874)</p>
            <p> For the distribution of this species, Sundukov (2017) noted “ Russia: FE (Shinohara, 1988b)”, apparently referring to Shinohara’s (1988b, P. 180) statement, “  P. venustus (Smith) and  P. sapporensis (Matsumura) from the Far East”. Sundukov (2017) seems to have misunderstood “the Far East”, which is much wider than “the Russian Far East”.  Pamphilius venustus is known only from Japan (Shinohara 2019, 2020). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F254AC23FF67FACCFC6FAD0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F255AC22FF67FF04FC45A87D.text	FB3C87F1F255AC22FF67FF04FC45A87D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphiliinae Cameron 1890	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the East Asian tribes and genera of  Pamphiliinae</p>
            <p>1 (a) Head with lateral sutures divergent forward and not connected with antennal furrows (Fig. 1: 1a)</p>
            <p>(b) Forewing with vein Sc1 absent (Fig. 1: 1b)</p>
            <p> (c) Lancet with lamnium enlarged (Fig. 1: 1c).  Neurotomini : 1 genus, 6 species. ...  Neurotoma , p.40 (key), p. 58 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Head with lateral sutures subparallel and connected with antennal furrows (Fig. 1: 1aa)</p>
            <p>(bb) Forewing with vein Sc1 present (Fig. 1: 1bb)</p>
            <p> (cc) Lancet with lamnium small (Fig. 1: 1cc).  Pamphiliini : 3 genera ... 2 </p>
            <p>2(1)</p>
            <p>(a) Crossvein 1r-rs narrowed towards junction with R1 (Fig. 2: 2a).</p>
            <p>(b) Legs black (Fig. 2: 2b, c).</p>
            <p> (c) Hind tibia with two preapical spurs (Fig. 2: 2b, c). 1 species,  C. leucocephala . ... Chrysolyda, p. 62 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Crossvein 1r-rs not narrowed towards junction with R1 (Fig. 2: 2aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Legs largely pale yellow (Fig. 2: 2bb, cc).</p>
            <p>(cc) Hind tibia with three preapical spurs (Fig. 2: 2bb, cc). ... 3</p>
            <p>3(2)</p>
            <p>(a) Anterior part of malar space with small, slightly depressed area bearing a row of recurved setae in female, and with large pit containing a long stout seta and several recurved setae in male (Fig. 2: 3a).</p>
            <p>(b) Male: supraocular area with narrow, dull, densely pubescent patch (Fig. 2: 3b).</p>
            <p> (c) Tarsal claws with acute basal lobe in addition to apical and one subapical teeth of subequal size (Fig. 2: 3c). 8 species. ...  Onycholyda , p. 41 (key), p. 62 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Anterior part of malar space without depressed area or pit bearing recurved setae in both sexes (Fig. 2: 3aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Male: supraocular area without narrow, dull, densely pubescent patch (Fig. 2: 3bb).</p>
            <p> (cc) Tarsal claws with apical and one subapical teeth of subequal size and often with rounded basal lobe, but Asian species never with acute basal lobe (Fig. 2: 3cc). 43 species. ...  Pamphilius , p. 42 (key), p. 68 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F255AC22FF67FF04FC45A87D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F257AC20FF67FF04FBE8AF7C.text	FB3C87F1F257AC20FF67FF04FBE8AF7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neurotoma Konow 1897	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the  Neurotoma species of the Russian Far East and Korea </p>
            <p>1 (a) Head covered with long hairs (Fig. 3: 1a,b; 2b; 2bb).</p>
            <p>(b) Occipital carina blunt or inconspicuous (Fig. 3: 1a, b). ... 2</p>
            <p>– (aa) Head glabrous or nearly so except for sparsely pilose gena and clypeus (Fig. 3: 1aa, bb; 4a, b–5bb, cc).</p>
            <p>(bb) Occipital carina sharply defined (Fig. 3: 1aa, bb). ... 3</p>
            <p>2(1)</p>
            <p>(a) Abdomen without distinct bluish luster.</p>
            <p>(b) Female: clypeus with large creamy white mark medially (Fig. 3: 2b).</p>
            <p> (c) Male: head entirely black. ...  N. atrata , p. 58 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdomen with distinct bluish luster dorsally.</p>
            <p>(bb) Female: clypeus with two large lateral creamy white marks (Fig. 3: 2bb).</p>
            <p> (cc) Male: Head with large subtriangular mark on clypeus. ...  N. coreana , p. 59 </p>
            <p>3(1)</p>
            <p> (a) Antenna with scape and pedicel usually entirely yellow in both sexes (see Fig. 3: 1aa, bb), scape at most with obscure blackish mark. ...  N. iridescens , p. 59 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Scape and pedicel mostly black in female (e.g., Fig. 3: 4aa, bb), at least scape black dorsally in male. ... 4</p>
            <p>4(3)</p>
            <p>(a) Head (Fig. 3: 4a, b), thorax and abdomen richly marked with whitish yellow.</p>
            <p> (b) Facial and frontoclypeal crests prominent, sharply carinate (Fig. 3: 4a, b). ...  N. satoi , p. 60 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Head (Fig. 3: 4aa, bb), thorax and abdomen with few pale-yellow marks.</p>
            <p>(bb) Facial and frontoclypeal crests low, not sharply carinate (Fig. 3: 4aa, bb). ... 5</p>
            <p>5(4)</p>
            <p>(a) Small species, female 7–9.5 mm, male 7.5–8.5 mm.</p>
            <p>(b) Head entirely black in both sexes, except for sometimes obscure small spot at upper facial orbit (Fig. 3: 5b, c).</p>
            <p>(c) Vertex and temple smooth, with shallow distant punctures (Fig. 3: 4aa, bb; 5b, c).</p>
            <p>(d) Mesoscutellum and metascutellum entirely black in female.</p>
            <p> (e) Cell C of forewing pilose all over. ...  N. sibirica , p. 60 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Large species, female 13 mm, male 12 mm.</p>
            <p>(bb) Head with large pale yellow mark between antennae in female (Fig. 3: 5bb, cc), anterior surface mostly pale yellow in male.</p>
            <p>(cc) Vertex and temple covered with dense, well-separated punctures (Fig. 3: 5bb, cc).</p>
            <p>(dd) Mesoscutellum and metascutellum pale yellow in female.</p>
            <p> (ee) Cell C of forewing glabrous, with some pilosity in apical posterior part. ...  N. silla , p. 61 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F257AC20FF67FF04FBE8AF7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F258AC2EFF67FF04FC88AFB3.text	FB3C87F1F258AC2EFF67FF04FC88AFB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda Takeuchi 1938	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the  Onycholyda species of the Russian Far East and Korea </p>
            <p>1 (a) Females. ... 2</p>
            <p>– (aa) Males. … 9</p>
            <p>2(1)</p>
            <p>(a) All terga black, at most with narrow posterior margin pale, without orange areas. ... 3</p>
            <p>– (aa) Some terga largely orange… 6</p>
            <p>3(2)</p>
            <p>(a) Fore, mid and usually hind femora largely marked with black.</p>
            <p> (b) Head with clypeus widely yellow medially and frons almost entirely black (Fig. 4: 3b). …  O. viriditibialis , p. 66 </p>
            <p>— (aa) Femora entirely pale yellow or greenish yellow.</p>
            <p>(bb) Head color pattern different (Fig. 4: 4a, b–5aa). … 4</p>
            <p>4(3)</p>
            <p>(a) Anterior margin of clypeus pale yellow (Fig. 4: 4a, b).</p>
            <p>(b) Median ocellus surrounded by large pale yellow mark (Fig. 4: 4a, b).</p>
            <p> (c) Clypeus rather smooth, with inconspicuous surface microsculpture and sparse punctures. ...  O. zinovjevi , p. 67 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Anterior margin of clypeus with obscure pale yellow spot at middle or entirely black (Fig. 4: 4aa, bb, 5aa).</p>
            <p>(bb)Pale yellow mark around median ocellus small, broken into four spots, posterior pair sometimes missing (Fig. 4: 4aa, bb, 5aa).</p>
            <p>(cc) Clypeus dull, with distinct surface microsculpture. … 5</p>
            <p>5(4)</p>
            <p>(a) Head color pattern Fig. 4: 4aa, bb (5a); pale yellow spot present on or behind facial crest.</p>
            <p>(b) Trochanters pale.</p>
            <p> (c) Sterna (3–) 4–6 with broad posterior margin pale yellow or greenish yellow. …  O. armata , p. 63 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Head color pattern Fig. 4: 5aa; pale yellow spot on facial crest usually missing.</p>
            <p>(bb) Trochanters mostly black.</p>
            <p> (cc) Sterna (3–) 4–6 entirely black, or with very narrow posterior margin pale yellow. …  O. yezoensis , p. 67 </p>
            <p>6(2) (a) Mesoscutellum and metascutellum mostly or entirely black [in Chinese specimens mesoscutellum usually yellow marked]</p>
            <p>(b) Wings distinctly yellowish, with veins mostly orange to pale brown.</p>
            <p> (c) Head color pattern as in Fig. 4: 6c; left mandible bidentate (median tooth absent). …  O. odaesana , p. 65 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Mesoscutellum and metascutellum yellow.</p>
            <p>(bb) Wings not distinctly yellowish, with veins mostly blackish brown.</p>
            <p>(cc) Head color pattern different (Fig. 4: 7a, b; 8a; 8aa); left mandible tridentate (small median tooth present, Fig. 4: 7a, b). … 7</p>
            <p>7(6)</p>
            <p> (a) Clypeus entirely black (Fig. 4: 7a, b), or with lateral parts and narrow anterior margin brownish. …  O. nigroclypeata , p. 64 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Clypeus anteriorly largely pale yellow (Fig. 4: 8a; 8aa). … 8</p>
            <p>8(7)</p>
            <p>(a) Head color pattern as in Fig. 4: 8a.</p>
            <p> (b) Abdominal tergum 3 usually entirely orange. …  O. sertata , p. 65 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Head color pattern as in Fig. 4: 8aa.</p>
            <p> (bb) Abdominal tergum 3 usually with large black marking. …  O. kumamotonis , p. 64 </p>
            <p>9(1)</p>
            <p> (a) Fore, mid and sometimes hind femora marked with black (Fig. 5: 9a). …  O. viriditibialis , p. 66 </p>
            <p>– (aa) All femora entirely pale yellow (trochantelli may be black marked). … 10</p>
            <p>10(9)</p>
            <p>(a) Clypeus nearly flattened or with cup-shaped area medially, frontoclypeal crest absent ventrally (Fig. 5: 10a). … 11</p>
            <p>– (aa) Clypeus with entire frontoclypeal crest, medially divided into lateral halves (Fig. 5: 10aa). … 14</p>
            <p>11(10)</p>
            <p>(a) Mesothorax below wings, including pectus, mostly or entirely pale yellow (Fig. 5: 11a).</p>
            <p>(b) Left mandible bidentate (median tooth absent) (Fig. 5: 10a (11b)).</p>
            <p> (c) Wings often distinctly yellowish or brownish, veins mostly orange to pale brown. …  O. odaesana , p. 65 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Mesothorax below wings darker, at least pectus mostly or entirely black.</p>
            <p>(bb) Left mandible tridentate (median tooth present, Fig. 5: 11bb).</p>
            <p>(cc) Wings not distinctly yellowish or brownish, veins mostly dark brown to blackish brown. … 12</p>
            <p>12(11)</p>
            <p> (a) Abdomen with orange areas. …  O. kumamotonis , p. 64 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdomen without orange areas. ... 13</p>
            <p>13(12)</p>
            <p>(a) Antennal scape completely yellow (Fig. 5: 13a).</p>
            <p> (b) Mesoscutellum and metascutellum usually entirely black. …  O. zinovjevi , p. 67 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Antennal scape yellow, outer surface with black patch (Fig. 5: 13aa).</p>
            <p> (bb) Mesoscutellum and metascutellum pale yellow. …  O. armata , p. 63 </p>
            <p>14(10)</p>
            <p> (a) Abdomen with terga 4 and 5 orange (Fig. 14a). …  O. nigroclypeata , p. 64 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdominal terga entirely black or with only tergum 4 orange. … 15</p>
            <p>15(14)</p>
            <p>(a) Stigma with basal 1/4 pale yellow (Fig. 5: 15a).</p>
            <p>(b) Body length 7–9 mm.</p>
            <p> (c) Abdominal terga always entirely black. …  O. yezoensis , p. 67 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Stigma with basal 1/3 pale yellow (Fig. 5: 15aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Body length 9–12 mm.</p>
            <p> (cc) Abdomen often with tergum 4 orange. …  O. sertata , p. 65 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F258AC2EFF67FF04FC88AFB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F25AAC30FF67FF04FB40ADDF.text	FB3C87F1F25AAC30FF67FF04FB40ADDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius Latreille 1803	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the  Pamphilius species of the Russian Far East and Korea </p>
            <p> 1 (a) Females (unknown for  kimi and  ochrostigma ). ... 2 </p>
            <p> – (aa) Males (unknown for  albopictus ,  convexus ,  pallidus ,  pictifrons , and  viridulus ). ... 43 </p>
            <p>2(1)</p>
            <p>(a) Flagellomere 1 1.0–1.5 × length of flagellomere 2 (Fig. 6: 2a). ... 3</p>
            <p>– (aa) Flagellomere 1 1.6–3.2 × length of flagellomere 2 (Fig. 6: 2aa). ... 20</p>
            <p>3(2)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper part of head largely orange (see Fig. 6: 4a-c; 4aa-cc).</p>
            <p>(b) Stigma yellow to orange in basal half and blackish in apical half (Fig. 6: 3b). ... 4</p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper part of head mostly black, black with pale yellow marks or largely pale yellow (Fig. 6: 3aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Stigma not as above, usually unicolorous pale or dark, or margins darker than middle (Fig. 6: 3bb). ... 5</p>
            <p>4(3)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper head nearly impunctate and glabrous (Fig. 6: 4a-c).</p>
            <p>(b) Upper frons below ocelli rather strongly convex, usually notched medially.</p>
            <p> (c) Facial crest rather strongly convex. ...  P. hilaris , p. 74 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper head with large, distinct punctures and pilose (Fig. 6: 4aa-cc).</p>
            <p>(bb) Upper frons below ocelli weakly convex, not notched medially.</p>
            <p> (cc) Facial crest weakly convex. ...  P. sapporensis , p. 94 </p>
            <p>5(3)</p>
            <p>(a) Antennal scape mostly or entirely yellow. ... 6</p>
            <p>– (aa) Antennal scape mostly or entirely black, at least largely black above. ... 8</p>
            <p>6(5)</p>
            <p>(a) Cell C of forewing glabrous (Fig. 6: 6a).</p>
            <p>(b) Ovipositor sheath very small, in lateral view about half as high as metatarsomere 1 long (Fig. 6: 6b).</p>
            <p>(c) Paraantennal field glabrous.</p>
            <p> (d) Terga 2–6 more or less marked with black basally. ...  P. brevicornis brevicornis , p. 71 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Cell C of forewing ventrally pilose (Fig. 6: 6aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Ovipositor sheath large, in lateral view almost as high as metatarsomere 1 long (Fig. 6: 6bb).</p>
            <p>(cc) Paraantennal field pilose.</p>
            <p>(dd) Terga 2–6 without black marking. ... 7</p>
            <p>7(6)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper part of frons strongly swollen in front of ocelli (Fig. 7: 7a).</p>
            <p>(b) Inner part of facial crest rounded, not distinctly carinate.</p>
            <p>(c) Most of clypeus pale yellow (Fig. 7: 7c).</p>
            <p> (d) Ovipositor sheath appendage large (Fig. 7: 7d). ...  P. alnicola , p. 78 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper part of frons moderately or weakly swollen in front of ocelli (Fig. 7: 7aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Inner part of facial crest more or less carinate.</p>
            <p>(cc) Pale yellow area on clypeus limited to anterior half (Fig. 7: 7cc).</p>
            <p> (dd) Ovipositor sheath appendage small (Fig. 7: 7dd). ...  P. montanus pulcher , p. 81 </p>
            <p>8(5)</p>
            <p>(a) Abdomen mostly black above, without orange marking. ... 9</p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdomen with orange marking above. ... 16</p>
            <p>9(8)</p>
            <p>(a) Fore femur yellow, basally marked with black. ... 10</p>
            <p>– (aa) Fore femur completely yellow without black marks. ... 12</p>
            <p>10(9)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper frons without pale yellow mark (Fig. 7:10a).</p>
            <p>(b) Pronotum entirely black.</p>
            <p> (c) Abdomen entirely black. ...  P. daisenus , p. 79 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper frons with pale yellow mark (Fig. 7:10aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Posterior dorsolateral corners and ventral margin of pronotum pale yellow.</p>
            <p>(cc) Abdomen with pale yellow marks ventrally. ... 11</p>
            <p>11(10)</p>
            <p>(a) Stigma pale brown medially (Fig. 7: 11a).</p>
            <p>(b) Mid and hind femora basally marked with black.</p>
            <p> (c) Postocellar and postocular areas almost impunctate and glabrous (see Fig. 7: 10aa (11c)). ...  P. ussuriensis , p. 82 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Stigma mostly blackish brown, not pale brown medially (Fig. 7: 11aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Mid and hind femora yellow without black marks.</p>
            <p> (cc) Postocellar and postocular areas with sparse small punctures and pilosity (Fig. 7: 11cc). ...  P. graciloides , p. 80 </p>
            <p>12(9)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper head distinctly punctate and pilose (Fig. 7: 12a). ... 13</p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper head almost impunctate and glabrous (Fig. 7: 12aa). ... 14</p>
            <p>13(12)</p>
            <p>(a) Malar space largely black (Fig. 7: 13a, b; 13c(13a)).</p>
            <p>(b) Broad area along upper inner orbit somewhat rugose.</p>
            <p>(c) Head color pattern as in Fig. 7: 13c.</p>
            <p>(d) Body length 9.0–10.5 mm.</p>
            <p> (e) Cell C of forewing ventrally pilose all over. ...  P. planifrons , p. 93 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Malar space almost completely pale (Fig. 7: 13aa, bb; 13cc (13aa)).</p>
            <p>(bb) Broad area along upper inner orbit somewhat smooth.</p>
            <p>(cc) Head color pattern as in Fig. 7: 13cc</p>
            <p>(dd) Body length 8.0–9.5 mm.</p>
            <p> (ee) Cell C of forewing entirely or mostly glabrous. ...  P. rhoae , p. 94 </p>
            <p>14(12)</p>
            <p>(a) Cell C of forewing glabrous (compare Fig. 6: 6a).</p>
            <p>(b) Antennal flagellum brown.</p>
            <p>(c) Mesoscutal lateral lobe with large pale yellow mark.</p>
            <p> (d) Abdomen ventrally black, with only posterior margins of sterna 3–6 and posterior part of each laterotergite pale yellow. ...  P. convexus , p. 79 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Cell C of forewing ventrally pilose (compare Fig. 6: 6aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Antennal flagellum blackish brown to black.</p>
            <p>(cc) Mesoscutal lateral lobe without pale areas.</p>
            <p>(dd) Ventral side of abdomen mostly pale yellowish or greenish. ... 15</p>
            <p>15(14)</p>
            <p>(a) Lower inner orbit with pale mark, usually connecting pale area on facial crest with pale area on malar space (Fig. 7: 15a, b).</p>
            <p>(b) Upper part of frons and facial crest sparsely pilose (Fig. 7: 15a, b).</p>
            <p>(c) Ovipositor sheath appendage large (Fig. 7: 15c).</p>
            <p> (d) Body length 9.0–11.0 mm. ...  P. volatilis , p. 83 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Lower inner orbit without pale mark (Fig. 7: 15aa, bb).</p>
            <p>(bb) Upper part of frons and facial crest rather densely pilose (Fig. 7: 15aa, bb).</p>
            <p>(cc) Ovipositor sheath appendage small (Fig. 7: 15cc).</p>
            <p> (dd) Body length 11.0 mm. ...  P. viridulus , p. 83 </p>
            <p>16(8)</p>
            <p>(a) Postocellar and postocular areas almost impunctate and glabrous (compare Fig. 7: 12aa). ... 17</p>
            <p>– (aa) Postocellar and postocular areas distinctly punctate and pilose (compare Fig. 7: 12a). ... 18</p>
            <p>17(16)</p>
            <p> (a) Head, thorax and abdomen largely pale. ...  P. pallidus , p. 82 </p>
            <p> – (aa) Head, thorax and abdomen largely black. ...  P. benesi , p. 79 </p>
            <p>18(16)</p>
            <p>(a) Clypeus only anteriorly yellow (Fig. 8: 18a-c).</p>
            <p>(b) Gena black with broad yellow stripe (Fig. 8: 18a-c).</p>
            <p>(c) Paraantennal field smooth, ventral part almost impunctate (Fig. 8: 18a-c).</p>
            <p> (d) Mesepisternum without yellow spot. (  P. stramineipes partim) ... 38 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Clypeus almost completely yellow (Fig. 8: 18aa-cc).</p>
            <p>(bb) Gena completely black or with few yellow marks (Fig. 8: 18aa-cc).</p>
            <p>(cc) Paraantennal field densely punctate (Fig. 8: 18aa-cc) or rugose (see Fig. 8: 19a (18cc)).</p>
            <p>(dd) Mesepisternum usually with yellow spot laterally in posterior part. ... 19</p>
            <p>19(18)</p>
            <p>(a) Paraantennal field rugose (Fig. 8: 19a).</p>
            <p>(b) Gena rugose, rather mat (Fig. 8: 19b).</p>
            <p> (c) Sterna 3–6 usually entirely or mostly pale yellow, sterna 2 and 7 basally black (Fig. 8: 19c). ...  P. lobatus , p. 92 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Paraantennal field densely punctate (Fig. 8: 18aa-cc (19aa)).</p>
            <p>(bb) Gena sparsely punctate, shiny (Fig. 8: 19bb).</p>
            <p> (cc) Sterna 3–6 basally black and apically yellow (amount of yellow increasing towards apex of abdomen), sternum 2 almost completely black, sternum 7 black with broad apical yellow margin (Fig. 8: 19cc). ...  P. belokobylskiji , p. 87 </p>
            <p>20(2)</p>
            <p>(a) Clypeus entirely black, or with its narrow anterior margin pale yellow. ... 21</p>
            <p>– (aa) Clypeus with its anterior half or large median part or more extensive areas pale. ... 26</p>
            <p>21(20)</p>
            <p>(a) Head, except for clypeus and gena, smooth, nearly impunctate and glabrous (Fig. 8: 21a).</p>
            <p>(b) Abdomen almost entirely black, without orange marks. ... 22</p>
            <p>– (aa) Head distinctly punctate and pilose all over (Fig. 8: 21aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Abdomen marked with orange. ... 23</p>
            <p>22(21)</p>
            <p>(a) Stigma yellow or pale green basally and black apically (Fig. 8: 22a).</p>
            <p> (b) Cell C of forewing ventrally pilose anteriorly and glabrous posteriorly (Fig. 8: 22b). ...  P. coreanus , p. 76 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Stigma semi-translucent brown, darkened marginally (Fig. 8: 22aa).</p>
            <p> (bb) Cell C of forewing ventrally densely pilose all over (Fig. 8: 22bb). ...  P. sulphureipes sulphureipes , p. 76 </p>
            <p>23(21)</p>
            <p> (a) Head with only small postocular spot yellowish (Fig. 8: 23a). ...  P. hortorum , p. 90 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Head with entire postocular stripe and often narrow anterior margin of clypeus yellowish (see Fig. 8: 24a). ... 24</p>
            <p>24(23)</p>
            <p>(a) Postocular stripe terminating anteriorly at dorsal corner of inner orbit, not extending along inner orbit (Fig. 8: 24a).</p>
            <p>(b) Stigma usually pale brown medially and blackish brown marginally (compare Fig. 8: 22aa).</p>
            <p>(c) Abdominal tergum 3 usually entirely black, at most with small orange spot at middle.</p>
            <p> (d) Laterotergites largely black, each at least basally black. ...  P. balteatus , p. 87 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Postocular stripe extending anteriorly along inner orbit (Fig. 8: 24aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Stigma entirely blackish brown (Fig. 8: 25bb) or with pale brown area in basal median part (Fig. 8: 25b).</p>
            <p>(cc) Abdominal tergum 3 largely orange.</p>
            <p>(dd) Laterotergites mostly pale yellow or orange. ... 25</p>
            <p>25(24)</p>
            <p>(a) Anterior margin of clypeus pale yellow (Fig. 8: 24aa(25a)).</p>
            <p>(b) Stigma with pale brown area in basal median part (Fig. 8: 25b).</p>
            <p>(c) Wings nearly hyaline or indistinctly stained with brown, veins at wing base mainly dark brown (see Fig. 8: 25b).</p>
            <p> (d) Lateral black spots on abdominal terga 3–5 large (Fig. 8: 25d). ...  P. itoi , p. 91 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Anterior margin of clypeus usually entirely black (Fig. 8: 21aa(25aa)).</p>
            <p>(bb) Stigma only with indistinct pale brown area in basal median part (Fig. 8: 25bb).</p>
            <p>(cc) Wings distinctly stained with brown, veins at wing base mainly pale brown (see Fig. 8: 25bb).</p>
            <p> (dd) Lateral black spots on abdominal terga 3–5 minute or missing (Fig. 8: 25dd). ...  P. aucupariae , p. 86 </p>
            <p>26(20)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper head, frons and paraantennal field without distinct punctures, nearly or entirely glabrous (Fig. 8: 26a).</p>
            <p>(b) Frons below ocelli and facial crest strongly convex (see Fig. 8: 26a). ... 27</p>
            <p> – (aa) Upper head, frons and paraantennal field distinctly punctate and pilose (Fig. 8: 26aa; in  P. varius often upper head glabrous). </p>
            <p> (bb) Frons below ocelli and facial crest less convex (see Fig. 8: 26aa; in  P. latifrons , facial crest strongly convex). ... 33 </p>
            <p>27(26)</p>
            <p>(a) Ovipositor sheath with two projections but without appendage (Fig. 8: 27a).</p>
            <p> (b) Tarsal claws with inner tooth thicker and longer than outer tooth (Fig. 8: 27b). ...  P. histrio , p. 72 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Ovipositor sheath without projections and with appendage (compare Fig. 9: 31b; 31bb).</p>
            <p>(bb) Tarsal claws with inner tooth various in thickness, as long as or shorter than outer tooth (compare Fig. 9: 40bb). ... 28</p>
            <p>28(27)</p>
            <p>(a) Larger species, body length 13.0–15.5 mm.</p>
            <p>(b) Head mostly brownish or orange with yellow marks, or yellow and orange with a large black marking on ocellar and postocellar areas (see Fig. 9: 28a, 28aa).</p>
            <p>(c) Antennal scape entirely pale. ... 28*</p>
            <p>– (aa) Smaller species, body length 8.0–11.0 mm.</p>
            <p>(bb) Head black with pale yellow marks.</p>
            <p>(cc) Antennal scape usually largely black. ... 29</p>
            <p>28*(28)</p>
            <p>(a) Head and mesoscutum almost entirely orange with yellow marks (Fig. 9: 28a).</p>
            <p>(b) Wings with distinct cloud in apical third.</p>
            <p> (c) Abdomen with segments 1–5 orange, remaining segments mainly black with few yellow marks. ...  P. croceus , p. 69 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Head and mesoscutum with large black marks (Fig. 9: 28aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Wings without distinct cloud in apical third.</p>
            <p> (cc) Abdomen ventrally yellow, dorsally orange, tergum 1 and narrow bases of terga 2–5 black. ...  P. maximus , p. 72 </p>
            <p>29(27)</p>
            <p>(a) Abdomen dorsally with tergum 2 mostly black and tergum 6 often more or less pale; ventrally mainly yellow, at least sterna 3–6 posteriorly broadly yellow and sterna 2 and 7 posteriorly with narrow yellow margin. ... 30</p>
            <p> – (aa) Abdomen black with segments 2–5 almost completely orange to yellow, remaining abdomen mainly black, sterna 6 and 7 with posterior margin yellow (Fig. 9: 29a). (  P. kyutekparki partim) ... 38 </p>
            <p>30(29)</p>
            <p>(a) Gena, frons and paraantennal fields entirely or mostly black (Fig. 9: 30a).</p>
            <p>(b) Postocellar area with pale marking along lateral sutures very small or missing.</p>
            <p>(c) Stigma pale with apical half or more extensive areas brownish (Fig. 9: 30c).</p>
            <p> (d) Abdomen mostly black above, without orange marking. ...  P. zhelochovtsevi zhelochovtsevi , p. 77 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Gena, frons and paraantennal fields mostly pale (Fig. 9: 30aa, see Fig. 9: 32a, 32 aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Postocellar area with pale marking along lateral sutures very large.</p>
            <p>(cc) Stigma pale, anterior margin usually darkened (Fig. 9: 30cc).</p>
            <p>(dd) Abdomen with orange marking above (see Figs 31a, 31 aa). ... 31</p>
            <p>31(30)</p>
            <p>(a) Abdominal tergum 3 black (Fig. 9: 31a).</p>
            <p> (b) Ovipositor sheath appendage large, knob-like (Fig. 9: 31b). ...  P. tricolor , p. 73 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdominal tergum 3 partly orange (Fig. 9: 31aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Ovipositor sheath appendage small and slender (Fig. 9: 31bb). ... 32</p>
            <p>32(31)</p>
            <p>(a) Head mostly pale yellow, without black spot at posterolateral corner of eye (Fig. 9: 32a).</p>
            <p> (b) Ovipositor sheath appendage directed downwards (see Fig. 9: 31bb). ...  P. virescens , p. 73 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Head with more black areas, with large black spot at posterolateral corner of eye (Fig. 9: 32aa).</p>
            <p> (bb) Ovipositor sheath appendage directed backwards. ...  P. pictifrons , p. 72 </p>
            <p>33(26)</p>
            <p>(a) Ovipositor sheath appendage large, short, thick, and rounded, without long setae (Fig. 9: 33a). ... 34</p>
            <p>– (aa) Ovipositor sheath appendage slender, various in size, with or without setae (see Fig. 9: 39a–aa). ... 36</p>
            <p>34(33)</p>
            <p> (a) Cervical sclerite entirely black, rarely with obscure pale marking (Fig. 9: 34a). ...  P. pallipes , p. 93 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Cervical sclerite with distinct pale yellow marking (Fig. 9: 34aa). ... 35</p>
            <p>35(34)</p>
            <p>(a) Ovipositor sheath appendage with dorsal and ventral margins subequal in length in lateral view (Fig. 9: 33a (35a)).</p>
            <p>(b) Frons usually marked with pale yellow above level of toruli.</p>
            <p> (c) Pale yellow marking on gena very often extending to occipital carina and connected with posterior end of postocular stripe. ...  P. alnivorus , p. 85 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Ovipositor sheath appendage with dorsal margin distinctly shorter than ventral margin in lateral view (Fig. 9: 33a (35aa)).</p>
            <p>(bb) Frons with or without pale yellow marking above level of toruli.</p>
            <p> (cc) Pale yellow marking on gena very often not extending to occipital carina and not connected with posterior end of postocular stripe. ...  P. masao , p. 93 </p>
            <p>36(33)</p>
            <p> (a) Head black, with only postocular stripe and anterior margin of clypeus pale yellow. ...  P. leleji , p.91 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Head more richly pale-marked, at least clypeus mostly pale yellow and part of inner orbits, frons, or gena usually marked with pale yellow. ... 37</p>
            <p>37(36)</p>
            <p>(a) Cervical sclerite and mesepisternum mostly or entirely black (compare Fig. 9: 34a). ... 38</p>
            <p>– (aa) Cervical sclerite and mesepisternum with large pale yellow areas (compare Fig. 9: 34aa). ... 39</p>
            <p>38(18, 29, 37)</p>
            <p>(a) Flagellomere 1 1.5–1.9 × length of flagellomere 2 (see Fig. 6: 2a).</p>
            <p> (b) Stigma concolorous pale brown to brown. ...  P. stramineipes , p. 95 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Flagellomere 1 2.5–2.8 × length of flagellomere 2 (see Fig. 6: 2aa).</p>
            <p> (bb) Stigma bicolored, pale yellow with various extent of blackish brown area posteroapically. ...  P. kyutekparki , p. 70 </p>
            <p>39(37)</p>
            <p> (a) Ovipositor sheath appendage large, elongate and almost glabrous (Fig. 9: 39a). ...  P. heecheonparki , p. 89 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Ovipositor sheath appendage thin and setose (Fig. 9: 39aa). ... 40</p>
            <p>40(39)</p>
            <p>(a) Facial crest strongly and roundly swollen, with distinct elongate depression laying just behind it extending from inner orbit to lateral ocellus (Fig. 9: 40a).</p>
            <p> (b) Tarsal claws with inner tooth about as long as or slightly longer than outer tooth (Fig. 9: 40b). ...  P. latifrons , p. 75 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Facial crest not as above, and no distinct depression behind it (compare Fig. 9: 30a; 30aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Tarsal claws with inner tooth shorter than outer tooth (Fig. 9: 40bb). ... 41</p>
            <p>41(40)</p>
            <p>(a) Inner orbit black, often with narrow fading pale yellowish stripe (Fig. 10: 41a, b).</p>
            <p>(b) Frons usually without pale yellow spot (Fig. 10: 41a, b).</p>
            <p>(c) Gena black with pale yellow spot at lower outer orbit.</p>
            <p>(d) Mesoscutal lateral lobe usually without pale yellow marking.</p>
            <p> (e) Cell C of forewing densely pilose all over. ...  P. archiducalis , p. 86 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Inner orbit usually broadly pale yellow (see Fig. 10: 42a-d; 42aa-dd).</p>
            <p>(bb) Frons with or without pale yellow spot.</p>
            <p>(cc) Gena usually mostly pale yellow.</p>
            <p>(dd) Mesoscutal lateral lobe usually with pale yellow marking.</p>
            <p> (ee) Cell C of forewing glabrous or sparsely pilose (in European specimens of  P. albopictus often mostly pilose). ... 42 </p>
            <p>42(41)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper part of frons and facial crest with very dense, deep punctures, almost rugoso-reticulate (Fig. 10: 42a-d).</p>
            <p>(b) Vertex distinctly punctate and pilose.</p>
            <p>(c) Frons usually without distinct pale yellow marking.</p>
            <p> (d) Pale yellow area on paraantennal field usually restricted to inner orbit. ...  P. albopictus , p. 84 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper part of frons and facial crest with sparse, shallow punctures (Fig. 10: 42aa-dd).</p>
            <p>(bb) Vertex usually without distinct punctures, often glabrous.</p>
            <p>(cc) Frons with large distinct pale yellow marking.</p>
            <p> (dd) Paraantennal field often mostly pale yellow. ...  P. varius , p. 95 </p>
            <p>43(1)</p>
            <p>(a) Flagellomere 1 0.9–1.6 × length of flagellomere 2. ... 44</p>
            <p>– (aa) Flagellomere 1 1.6–3.2 × length of flagellomere 2. ... 60</p>
            <p>44(43)</p>
            <p>(a) Stigma yellow to orange in basal half and blackish in apical half (Fig. 10: 44a). ... 45</p>
            <p>– (aa) Stigma not as above, blackish to pale, frequently margins darker than middle (Fig. 10: 44aa). ... 46</p>
            <p>45(44)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper head sparsely punctate or nearly impunctate and glabrous (Fig. 10: 45a-d).</p>
            <p>(b) Upper frons below ocelli strongly convex, distinctly notched medially.</p>
            <p>(c) Facial crest strongly convex.</p>
            <p> (d) Pale colour of temple not extending to vertex. ...  P. hilaris , p. 74 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper head with large, distinct punctures and pilose (Fig. 10: 45aa-dd).</p>
            <p>(bb) Upper frons below ocelli weakly convex, not notched medially.</p>
            <p>(cc) Facial crest weakly convex.</p>
            <p> (dd) Pale colour of temple extending to vertex and reaching lateral postocellar furrow. ...  P. sapporensis , p. 94 </p>
            <p>46(44)</p>
            <p>(a) Antennal scape entirely yellow, at most with faint dark spot as in Fig. 10: 47a, b. ... 47</p>
            <p>– (aa) Antennal scape partly or entirely black. ... 53</p>
            <p>47(46)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper frons strongly roundly swollen, medially notched (Fig. 10: 47a, b).</p>
            <p>(b) Facial crest strongly swollen, rounded.</p>
            <p> (c) Cell C of forewing entirely glabrous. ...  P. brevicornis brevicornis , p. 71 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper frons moderately or strongly swollen, not rounded (Fig. 10: 47aa, bb).</p>
            <p>(bb) Facial crest strongly swollen and sharply carinate.</p>
            <p> (cc) Cell C of forewing entirely pilose (only partly pilose or nearly glabrous in  P. benesi ). ... 48 </p>
            <p>48(47)</p>
            <p>(a) Genitalia with harpe broad, apical part with large half-membranous area (Fig. 10: 48a).</p>
            <p> (b) Abdomen dorsally black, and mesepisternum ventrally (pectus) largely black (Fig. 10: 48b). ...  P. ussuriensis , p. 82 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Genitalia with harpe elongate, narrowed towards apex, apically without large half-membranous area.</p>
            <p>(bb) Abdomen dorsally orange marked, or / and mesepisternum also ventrally largely pale (Fig. 10: 50a; 50aa). ... 49</p>
            <p>49(48)</p>
            <p>(a) Abdomen without orange mark above (compare Fig. 11: 59aa). ... 50</p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdomen with orange marks at least on segments 4 and 5. ... 51</p>
            <p>50(49)</p>
            <p>(a) Valviceps apically not curved outwards in dorsal view. ... 50*</p>
            <p>(aa) Valviceps apically curved outwards in dorsal view. ... 52</p>
            <p>50*(50)</p>
            <p>(a) Ventral part of mesepisternum with large black area along outer margins of pectus and along median line (Fig. 10: 50a).</p>
            <p>(b) Stigma uniformly blackish brown (Fig. 10: 44aa (50b)).</p>
            <p>(c) Postocular stripe sometimes reduced or nearly missing, when present, its anterior apex not widened, usually more or less narrowed, and its posterior apex usually not connected with pale yellow area on gena.</p>
            <p> (d) Postocular area beside lateral postocellar furrow black. ...  P. volatilis , p. 83 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Ventral part of mesepisternum including pectus mostly pale yellow, with narrow area along posterior margin black (Fig. 10: 50aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Stigma very pale brown, almost colorless, with broad margins blackish (Fig. 10: 44aa (50bb)).</p>
            <p>(cc) Postocular stripe well developed, with its anterior apex more or less widened, not narrowed, and its posterior apex connected ventrally with pale yellow area on gena.</p>
            <p> (dd) Postocular area often with small pale spot beside lateral postocellar furrow. ...  P. ochrostigma , p. 82 </p>
            <p>51(49)</p>
            <p>(a) Valviceps apically not curved outwards in dorsal view (Fig. 10: 51a).</p>
            <p> (b) Wings uniformly slightly stained with brown. ...  P. montanus pulcher , p. 81 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Valviceps apically curved outwards in dorsal view (Fig. 10: 51aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Wings usually clear hyaline, hindwing sometimes slightly brownish. ... 52</p>
            <p>52(50, 51)</p>
            <p>(a) Body length 9.0–12.0 mm.</p>
            <p>(b) Forewing with cell C ventrally pilose all over (see Fig. 6: 6aa).</p>
            <p> (c) Abdominal terga 3 to 6 mostly and terga 7 and 8 medially orange, in dark specimens only terga 4 and 5 largely orange. ...  P. alnicola , p. 78 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Body length 8.0–10.0 mm.</p>
            <p>(bb) Forewing with cell C glabrous with only sparse pilosity at apex and along anterior margin.</p>
            <p> (cc) Abdominal terga 3 to 5 with small median orange marks or black. ...  P. benesi , p. 79 </p>
            <p>53(46)</p>
            <p>(a) Postocellar and postocular areas impunctate and glabrous or sparsely punctate and pilose (Fig. 11: 53a, b).</p>
            <p>(b) Facial crest strongly convex, rounded or sharply carinate. ... 54</p>
            <p>– (aa) Postocellar and postocular areas distinctly punctate and densely pilose (Fig. 11: 53aa, bb).</p>
            <p>(bb) Facial crest moderately convex, rounded or very bluntly carinate. ... 56</p>
            <p>54(53)</p>
            <p>(a) Body length 11.5–14.0 mm.</p>
            <p>(b) Mainly pale species, dorsally with broad black marks (head Fig. 11: 53a, b-right), abdomen dorsally largely orange.</p>
            <p> (c) Flagellomere 1 longer than 1.5 × length of flagellomere 2. ...  P. maximus , p. 72 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Body length less than 10.0 mm.</p>
            <p>(bb) Mainly black species with yellow marks.</p>
            <p>(cc) Flagellomere 1 shorter than 1.2 × length of flagellomere 2. ... 55</p>
            <p>55(54)</p>
            <p>(a) Face pale yellow, only antennal furrows black (Fig. 11: 55a; see Fig. 11: 53a, b-left).</p>
            <p> (b) Fore and mid femora entirely pale yellow, fore femur rarely with obscure black mark on posterior surface. ...  P. graciloides , p.80 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Face above toruli black, lower face yellow, clypeus with anterior margin black (Fig. 11: 55aa; see Fig. 11: 53a, b-middle).</p>
            <p> (bb) Fore and mid femora basally black. ...  P. daisenus , p. 79 </p>
            <p>56(53)</p>
            <p>(a) Mesepisternum anteriorly largely black, pectus completely black (Fig. 11: 56a).</p>
            <p> (b) Flagellomere 1 1.4–1.6 × length of flagellomere 2. ...  P. stramineipes , p. 95 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Mesepisternum entirely or predominantly pale yellow, pectus at least partly pale yellow (Fig. 11: 56aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Flagellomere 1 1.0–1.4 × length of flagellomere 2. ... 57</p>
            <p>57(56)</p>
            <p>(a) Genitalia with valviceps strongly expanding at apex (Fig. 11: 57a).</p>
            <p> (b) Head color pattern as in Fig. 11: 57b. ...  P. lobatus , p. 92 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Genitalia with valviceps weakly expanding at apex (Fig. 11: 57aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Head color pattern as in Figs 11: 57bb and 58bb. ... 58</p>
            <p>58(57)</p>
            <p> (a) Abdomen black and orange above, at least terga 3–5 largely orange (Fig. 11: 58a). ...  P. belokobylskiji , p. 87 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdomen black above, without orange areas or with small orange areas on terga 4–5 (see Fig. 11: 59a; 59aa). ... 59</p>
            <p>59(58)</p>
            <p>(a) Abdominal terga 4 and 5 usually with small orange marks medially (Fig. 11: 59a).</p>
            <p>(b) Facial crest rounded (Fig. 11: 59b).</p>
            <p>(c) Flagellomere 1 1.1–1.3 × length of flagellomere 2.</p>
            <p> (d) Body length 7.5–8.5 mm. ...  P. rhoae , p. 94 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdominal terga 4 and 5 without orange marks (Fig. 11: 59aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Facial crest bluntly carinate (Fig. 11: 59bb).</p>
            <p>(cc) Flagellomere 1 1.0 × length of flagellomere 2.</p>
            <p> (dd) Body length 8.5–9.0 mm. ...  P. planifrons , p. 93 </p>
            <p>60(43)</p>
            <p>(a) Tarsal claws with inner tooth about as long as or shorter than outer tooth (Fig. 11: 60a). ... 61</p>
            <p>– (aa) Tarsal claws with inner tooth longer than outer tooth (Fig. 11: 60aa). ... 82</p>
            <p>61(60)</p>
            <p>(a) Valviceps anchor-like in dorsal view (Figs 11: 61a). ... 62</p>
            <p>– (aa) Valviceps not anchor-like in dorsal view (e.g., Fig. 11: 61aa), or genitalia covered and valviceps not visible. ... 64</p>
            <p>62(61,79)</p>
            <p> (a) Flagellomere 1 2.5–3.0 × length of flagellomere 2. ...  P. varius , p. 95 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Flagellomere 1 1.6–2.2 × length of flagellomere 2. ... 63</p>
            <p>63(62)</p>
            <p>(a) Abdomen dorsally largely black.</p>
            <p>(b) Valviceps short, inner margin of gonostipes concave, and inner margin of harpe nearly straight (see Fig. 11: 61a (63b)).</p>
            <p> (c) Body length 7.0–10.5 mm. ...  P. heecheonparki , p. 89 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdomen dorsally orange above.</p>
            <p>(bb) Valviceps longer, inner margin of gonostipes weakly convex, and inner margin of harpe concave (see Fig. 11: 61a (63bb))</p>
            <p> (cc) Body length 10.5–13.0 mm. ...  P. kimi , p. 91 </p>
            <p>64(61)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper head and paraantennal field glabrous or sparsely pilose, with or without very sparse minute punctures, or with minute punctures and silky microsculpture (Fig. 12: 64a, b).</p>
            <p>(b) Frons below ocelli and facial crest moderately to strongly convex (Fig. 12: 64a, b). ... 65</p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper head, frons and paraantennal field usually distinctly pilose, distinctly punctate (Fig. 12: 64aa, bb).</p>
            <p>(bb) Frons below ocelli and facial crest weakly or moderately convex (Fig. 12: 64aa, bb). ... 72</p>
            <p>65(64)</p>
            <p>(a) Abdomen black dorsally with only narrow lateral margins pale yellow (Fig. 12: 65a). ... 66</p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdomen dorsally with black, pale yellow and orange areas (Fig. 12: 65aa). ... 68</p>
            <p>66(65)</p>
            <p>(a) Cell C of forewing entirely glabrous (compare Fig. 6: 6a).</p>
            <p>(b) Head in frontal view with ventral part of paraantennal field strongly expanded laterally (Fig. 12: 66b).</p>
            <p> (c) Pectus largely or entirely yellow (Fig. 12: 66c). ...  P. zhelochovtsevi zhelochovtsevi , p. 77 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Cell C of forewing ventrally pilose at least in anterior part (see Fig. 12: 67b; 67bb).</p>
            <p>(bb) Head in frontal view with ventral part of paraantennal field not strongly expanded laterally (Fig. 12: 66bb).</p>
            <p>(cc) Pectus entirely black (Fig. 12: 66cc). ... 67</p>
            <p>67(66) (a) Stigma yellow basally and black apically (Fig. 12: 67a).</p>
            <p> (b) Cell C of forewing ventrally pilose anteriorly and glabrous posteriorly (Fig. 12: 67b). ...  P. coreanus , p. 76 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Stigma semi-translucent brown, darkened marginally (Fig. 12: 67aa).</p>
            <p> (bb) Cell C of forewing ventrally densely pilose all over (Fig. 12: 67bb). ...  P. sulphureipes sulphureipes , p. 76 </p>
            <p>68(65, 72)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper frons moderately to strongly swollen, with distinct setiferous punctures (Fig. 12: 64a, b (68a)).</p>
            <p>(b) Facial crest moderately convex, rounded or bluntly carinate, distinctly pilose dorsally.</p>
            <p> (c) Cell C of forewing ventrally entirely pilose (compare Fig. 12: 67bb). ...  P. kyutekparki , p. 70 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper frons very strongly swollen, without distinct punctures (Fig. 12: 64a, b (68aa)).</p>
            <p>(bb) Facial crest very strongly convex, usually carinate, glabrous.</p>
            <p>(cc) Cell C of forewing entirely or partly glabrous (compare Fig. 6: 6a; Fig. 12: 67b). ... 69</p>
            <p>69(68)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper head black without pale yellow marks (Fig. 12: 69a).</p>
            <p>(b) Mesoscutal median lobe entirely black or with brownish marking.</p>
            <p> (c) Wings strongly stained with dark brown (Fig. 12: 69c). ...  P. croceus , p. 69 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper head black with extensive pale yellow areas (Fig. 12: 69aa; 71a; 71aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Mesoscutal median lobe with large pale yellow marking.</p>
            <p>(cc) Wings not distinctly brownish (Fig. 12: 69cc). ... 70</p>
            <p>70(69)</p>
            <p>(a) Abdominal terga 2 and 3 orange in posterior half (Fig. 12: 70d).</p>
            <p>(b) Body length 11.5–14.0 mm.</p>
            <p> (c) Antennal scape with broad black spot above (see Fig. 12: 69aa). ...  P. maximus , p. 72 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Abdominal terga 2 and 3 almost entirely black (Fig. 12: 65aa, 70dd).</p>
            <p> (bb) Body length usually 7.0–11.0 (  P. histrio up to13.0) mm. </p>
            <p>(cc) Antennal scape entirely pale yellow or with dark spot above. ... 71</p>
            <p>71(70)</p>
            <p> (a) Postocellar area with oblong yellow mark at lateral margin, anteriorly reaching transverse suture and extending inward along the suture, often fused at middle (Fig. 12: 71a). ...  P. virescens , p. 73 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Postocellar area completely black or with oblong yellow mark at lateral margin of postocellar area restricted to posterior part, not reaching transverse suture (Fig. 12: 71aa; see Fig. 13: 82a, c; 82aa, cc). ... 82</p>
            <p>72(64)</p>
            <p> (a) Stigma pale yellow, with posteroapical part blackish (  P. kyutekparki partim). ... 68 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Stigma not as above, generally concolorous. ... 73</p>
            <p>73(72)</p>
            <p>(a) Cell C of forewing pilose all over. ... 74</p>
            <p>– (aa) Cell C of forewing glabrous, if pilose, only partly. ... 78</p>
            <p>74(73)</p>
            <p> (a) Head mostly black: postocular stripe reduced to small postocular spot, clypeus with only narrow anterior margin pale yellow, paraantennal field with only small spot along inner orbit pale yellow (Fig. 12: 74a). ...  P. hortorum , p. 90 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Head not so dark: postocular stripe entire, clypeus and paraantennal field largely pale yellow (Fig. 12: 74aa). ... 75</p>
            <p>75(74)</p>
            <p>(a) Head (Fig. 12: 75a) with inner dorsal part of paraantennal field and median part of frons mostly black, pale areas on paraantennal field and clypeus often separated by narrow black stripe, malar space and gena with large black areas.</p>
            <p> (b) Mesoscutal median lobe entirely black. ...  P. itoi , p. 91 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Head (compare Fig. 12: 75aa) with anterior surface up to level of facial crests (including inner dorsal part of paraantennal field and median part of frons), malar space and lower gena usually mostly pale yellow.</p>
            <p>(bb) Mesoscutal median lobe with large pale yellow spot. ... 76</p>
            <p>76(75)</p>
            <p>(a) Thorax laterally and ventrally entirely black or nearly so (Fig. 13: 76a).</p>
            <p> (b) Valviceps very long, distinctly bent downwards near base (Fig. 13: 76b). ...  P. aucupariae , p. 86 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Thorax laterally and ventrally with large pale yellow areas (Fig. 13: 76aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Valviceps not exceptionally long, not distinctly bent downwards near base (Fig. 13: 76bb). ... 77</p>
            <p>77(76)</p>
            <p>(a) Gena and temple almost completely yellow (Fig. 13: 77a).</p>
            <p> (b) Abdomen usually with only terga 4 and 5 largely dorsally orange. ...  P. balteatus , p. 87 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Gena and temple posteriorly largely black (Fig. 13: 77aa).</p>
            <p> (bb) Abdomen with terga 3–5(–8) largely dorsally orange. ...  P. archiducalis , p. 86 </p>
            <p>78(73)</p>
            <p> (a) Stigma blackish brown. ...  P. leleji , p. 91 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Stigma pale yellow to pale brown, margins often somewhat darker. ... 79</p>
            <p>79(78)</p>
            <p>(a) Malar space completely yellow (compare Fig. 13: 77a; 77aa).</p>
            <p>(b) Valviceps anchor-like in dorsal view. ... 62</p>
            <p>– (aa) Malar space often partly or entirely black (see Fig. 13: 81b; 81bb).</p>
            <p>(bb) Valviceps not anchor-like in dorsal view. ... 80</p>
            <p>80(79)</p>
            <p> (a) Valviceps short, directed backwards or downwards (Fig. 13: 80a). ...  P. alnivorus , p. 85 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Valviceps long, directed upwards (see Fig. 13: 81a; 81aa). ... 81</p>
            <p>81(80)</p>
            <p>(a) Valviceps in dorsal view broadly inflated at apex, in lateral view narrow with lateral wall not flattened (Fig. 13: 81a).</p>
            <p> (b) Species with less black markings (Fig. 13: 81b): malar space usually with dorsal half or more pale yellow, mesoscutal median lobe and mesoscutellum usually with large pale yellow spot, cervical sclerite usually entirely pale yellow ventrally and pectus frequently marked with pale yellow. ...  P. masao , p. 93 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Valviceps in dorsal view rather narrowly inflated at apex, in lateral view broad with posteroventral part of lateral wall broad and flattened (Fig. 13: 81aa).</p>
            <p> (bb) Species with more black markings (Fig. 13: 81bb): malar space usually entirely black or with narrow pale yellow line along eye margin, mesoscutal median lobe usually entirely black or with small pale yellow spot, mesoscutellum usually with small pale yellow spot, cervical sclerite usually entirely black or with pale yellow spot, pectus almost always without pale yellow area. ...  P. pallipes , p. 93 </p>
            <p>82 (60, 71)</p>
            <p>(a) Upper head distinctly pilose and punctate (Fig. 13: 82a, c).</p>
            <p>(b) Pectus black (compare Fig. 13: 76aa).</p>
            <p>(c) Antennal scape yellow with dark spot above (Fig. 13: 82a, c).</p>
            <p> (d) Valviceps short, strongly bent ventrolaterally at apex in dorsal view (Fig. 13: 82d). …  P. latifrons , p. 75 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Upper head glabrous, with sparse minute punctures, with (Fig. 13: 82aa, cc) or without silky microsculpture.</p>
            <p>(bb) Pectus mainly pale yellow (compare Fig. 10: 50aa).</p>
            <p>(cc) Antennal scape entirely pale yellow (Fig. 13: 82aa, cc).</p>
            <p>(dd) Valviceps long and slender in dorsal view (Fig. 13: 82dd). ... 83</p>
            <p>83(82)</p>
            <p>(a) Tarsal claws with inner tooth longer than outer tooth (Fig. 13: 83a).</p>
            <p>(b) Antenna relatively long (Fig. 13: 83b, c).</p>
            <p> (c) Upper head smooth between punctures (Fig. 13: 83b, c). …  P. histrio , p. 72 </p>
            <p>– (aa) Tarsal claws with inner tooth shorter than outer tooth (Fig. 13: 83aa).</p>
            <p>(bb) Antenna relatively short (Fig. 13: 83bb, cc).</p>
            <p> (cc) Upper head with silky microsculpture between punctures (Fig. 13: 82aa, cc; 83bb, cc). ...  P. tricolor , p. 73 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F25AAC30FF67FF04FB40ADDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FB88FECFADF6.text	FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FB88FECFADF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neurotoma Konow 1897	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Neurotoma Konow, 1897</p>
            <p> Neurotoma Konow, 1897a: 18 . </p>
            <p>See Taeger et al. (2010) for more synonymy.</p>
            <p>The characters of this genus are as noted above for the tribe and this is regarded as a monophyletic group well supported by morphological and molecular evidence.</p>
            <p> In this genus Shinohara (2002b) proposed six species groups, of which three (  N. fausta ,  N. mandibularis and  N. nemoralis groups) were included in our COI analysis and only one (  N. nemoralis group) was included in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 137), the  N. mandibularis group (  N. mandibularis and  N. coreana ) was recovered as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support, but this clade as well as  N. fausta (representative of the  N. fausta group) were within the paraphyletic assemblage of the  N. nemoralis group (five species). Possibly, the  N. fausta and  N. mandibularis groups may form a group of specialized species within the more generalized, speciose, and heterogeneous  N. nemoralis group. </p>
            <p> This genus contains 23 species worldwide, including six species recorded from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara et al. 2018a). Of the six species, two belong to the  N. mandibularis group and four to the  N. nemoralis group. </p>
            <p> The larvae of  Neurotoma species feed on the host leaves, usually gregariously in webs. The known host plants are arborescent  Rosaceae (  N. fausta and  N. nemoralis groups) and  Fagaceae (  Quercus spp. ) (  N. satoi and  N. mandibularis groups). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FB88FECFADF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FDD4FBACA8CA.text	FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FDD4FBACA8CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neurotomini Benson 1945	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tribe  Neurotomini Benson, 1945</p>
            <p>The representatives of this tribe are characterized as follows (Shinohara 2002b): head with lateral sutures divergent forward and not connected with antennal furrows (Fig. 1: 1a); tarsal claws elongate (e.g., Figs 21h, 23h, 24h, 26h); forewing with vein Scl absent (Fig. 1: 1b); abdominal sternum 7 in female not strongly convex, with paired rounded ridges apically, enclosing rather small triangular marginal depression (fig. 4E–G in Shinohara 2002b); lancet with lamnium enlarged (Fig. 1: 1c).</p>
            <p> Two postulated autapomorphies, the absence of vein Scl in the forewing and the enlarged lamnium of the lancet of the ovipositor, may support the monophyly of this tribe. In our molecular analyses using COI and NaK sequences (Figs 15, 16),  Neurotoma was also retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support. </p>
            <p> The  Neurotomini contains a single genus,  Neurotoma , in the extant fauna. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FDD4FBACA8CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FF4CFE59AAF6.text	FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FF4CFE59AAF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphiliinae Cameron 1890	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subfamily  Pamphiliinae Cameron, 1890</p>
            <p> The subfamily  Pamphiliinae is represented by two tribes and six genera in the world, of which two tribes and four genera have been found in eastern Asia. Shinohara (2002b) discussed the taxonomy of this subfamily in detail, based mainly on adult morphology. His classification is generally followed here. </p>
            <p> The monophyly of each of the  Pamphiliinae ,  Neurotoma, Pamphiliini and  Onycholyda was well supported by morphology (Shinohara 2002b, Fig. 14). In both COI and NaK analyses (present work, Figs 15, 16), these taxa were also retrieved as monophyletic. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F249AC3EFF67FF4CFE59AAF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F249AC3DFF67F8D4FAFDA90F.text	FB3C87F1F249AC3DFF67F8D4FAFDA90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neurotoma atrata Takeuchi 1930	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neurotoma atrata Takeuchi, 1930</p>
            <p>(Figs 19, 20) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405028)</p>
            <p> Neurotoma atrata Takeuchi, 1930: 8 ; Shinohara, 1980: 91; Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 276; Shinohara, 1992b: 826; Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 79; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 214; Shinohara, 2002b: 418; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Xiao, 2006: 285; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 927; Sundukov, 2009: 213: Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 82; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Shinohara et al., 2018a: 595; Lee et al., 2019: 7; Shinohara, 2019: 6; Shinohara, 2020: 8, 232; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021b: 196. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Eighteen specimens, including the type series. Eight specimens are from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1980, 1992b, Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997, and Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021b).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russian Far East (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea, Japan (Honshu), China (Zhejiang) (Shinohara &amp; Xiao 2006).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Fagaceae :  Quercus acutissima Carruth. (Shinohara 1980) . </p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a rare species with no molecular data. With  N. coreana Shinohara, 1980 , and  N. sinica Shinohara, 1980 , it was included in the  N. atrata subgroup of the  N. mandibularis group by Shinohara (2002b). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F249AC3DFF67F8D4FAFDA90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3DFF67FDCDFCFAAFCF.text	FB3C87F1F24AAC3DFF67FDCDFCFAAFCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neurotoma coreana Shinohara 1980	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neurotoma coreana Shinohara, 1980</p>
            <p>(Figs 21–22) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405034)</p>
            <p> Neurotoma coreana Shinohara, 1980: 94 ; Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 79; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 214; Shinohara, 2002b: 418; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 82; Shinohara et al., 2018a: 595; Lee et al., 2019: 7; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021a: 59. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Fifty-two specimens, including the type series, all from South Korea (Shinohara 1980, Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993, Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997, Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a, present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gyeonggi-do: 4♀ 7♂, Mt. Gwanggyosan, Suwon, 24. IV. 2000, H. S. Lee (NSMT). Gangwondo: 9♀ (incl. NSMT 30596), Ucheon-myeon, Wuwon, Hoensong-gun, 17–19. V. 2000, A. Ishizuka (NSMT).</p>
            <p>Distribution. South Korea.</p>
            <p> Host plant. Unknown. Shinohara &amp; Byun (1993) and Shinohara (2002b) suggested that  Quercus acutissima is the host plant of this species (see also Lee et al. 2019), but this association has not been proved. </p>
            <p> Remarks. This Korean endemic species is a member of the  N. atrata subgroup of the  N. mandibularis group (Shinohara 2002b). In the present molecular analysis using COI, where nine  Neurotoma species were treated,  N. coreana was sister to  N. mandibularis with the minimum p -distance of 6.8%. The clade (  N. coreana +  N. mandibularis ) was well supported by a 100% UFBoot value (Fig. 137). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24AAC3DFF67FDCDFCFAAFCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24AAC3CFF67FA8DFDDEA817.text	FB3C87F1F24AAC3CFF67FA8DFDDEA817.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neurotoma iridescens (Andre 1882)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neurotoma iridescens (André, 1882)</p>
            <p>(Figs 23–25) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405040)</p>
            <p> Lyda iridescens André, 1882: 443 . </p>
            <p> Neurotoma iridescens: Konow, 1897a: 19 ; Gussakovskij, 1935: 160, 372; Takeuchi, 1938: 216; Kim, 1963: 278; Kim, 1970: 124, 716; Shinohara, 1980: 95; Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 276; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 23; Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 78; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Taeger et al., 1998: 100; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 1999: 124; Shinohara, 2002b: 419; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 273; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 927; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 82; Shinohara, 2013: 93; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Shinohara et al., 2018a: 595; Lee et al., 2019: 7; Shinohara, 2019: 6; Shinohara, 2020: 8, 231. </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined. About 130 specimens, including seven specimens from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1980, Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993, present work). New collection data:   RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (NSMT-I-Hym 28857),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.788/lat 45.0)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.788&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.0">Valley of Tigrovaya River</a>
                 , 180 m alt., 12km N. of Partizansk, 4. VI. 1994, A. Shinohara (NSMT)  ;   1♀ (Fig. 23, DEI-GISHym 12985),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.788/lat 45.0)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.788&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.0">Komissarovo</a>
                 N, 130m, 45.000°N 131.788°E, 4. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger (SDEI);  1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32050), same data (SDEI). 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj, East Siberia), South Korea, northern and central Europe, Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) (Shinohara 1980).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Cerasus spp. ,  Sorbus spp. ,  Crataegus chlorosarca (Taeger et al. 1998; Shinohara &amp; Hara 1999). Records of  Malus sieboldii (Regel) Rehder and  Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun (Lee et al. 2019) need confirmation. </p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a widely distributed Palaearctic species showing some variation (Shinohara 1980). The two females from Russia and Japan in Figs 23 and 24 differ particularly in the surface microsculpture of the head. AS has examined about 130 specimens of this species mainly from Japan but also from Finland, Latvia, Turkey, Russian Far East and South Korea (collection data are partly given in Shinohara 1980 and National Museum of Nature and Science 2021) and found it difficult to recognize two or more distinguishable forms among the specimens. For molecular analysis, only one specimen each from Russia and Japan was available. They differed by 4.4% in COI and 0.8% in NaK sequences. These values were quite large, considering that the maximum intraspecific p -distance in  N. sibirica from Russia and Japan was 2.0% (n=13) in COI and 0.1% (n=10) in NaK. Further genetic, morphological and bionomic approaches, particularly with more material for genetics, may reveal existence of multiple species within the current concept of  N. iridescens , but we treat it as a single species for now. </p>
            <p> The nearest relative of  N. iridescens suggested by our molecular analysis was the European  N. nemoralis (Linné, 1758) , diverging by a minimum of 5.5% in COI and 1.8% in NaK, or the East Asian  N. sibirica , diverging by a minimum of 6.0% in COI or 0.9% in NaK. In both COI and NaK trees (Figs 137, 152), however,  N. iridescens and  N. sibirica were sisters and  N. nemoralis was sister to this clade, the topology supported by 97% or 100% UFBoot values. Shinohara (2002b) placed  N. iridescens ,  N. sibirica and  N. nemoralis in the  N. nemoralis group, wherein  N. iridescens was placed in the  N. saltuum subgroup and  N. sibirica and  N. nemoralis in  N. nemoralis subgroup. The minimum distance between specimens of  N. iridescens and  N. saltuum was 9.9% in COI. The intrageneric grouping in  Neurotoma apparently needs a revision. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24AAC3CFF67FA8DFDDEA817	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3CFF67FCF4FC18AFDD.text	FB3C87F1F24BAC3CFF67FCF4FC18AFDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neurotoma satoi Shinohara 1980	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neurotoma satoi Shinohara, 1980</p>
            <p>(Figs 26, 27) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405046)</p>
            <p> Neurotoma satoi Shinohara, 1980: 103 ; Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 79; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Shinohara, 2002b: 419; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 83; Shinohara et al., 2018a: 595; Lee et al., 2019: 7. </p>
            <p> Material examined.  Nine specimens (type series) from South Korea (Shinohara 1980) . </p>
            <p>Distribution. South Korea.</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Fagaceae :  Quercus acutissima Carruth. (Shinohara 1980) . </p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a peculiar and very rare species known only from the type series collected in Suwon, South Korea in 1924–1932. Shinohara (2002b) placed it in the  N. satoi group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24BAC3CFF67FCF4FC18AFDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24BAC3BFF67FAA3FD3EAFA2.text	FB3C87F1F24BAC3BFF67FAA3FD3EAFA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neurotoma sibirica Gussakovskij 1935	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neurotoma sibirica Gussakovskij, 1935</p>
            <p>(Figs 28, 29) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405055)</p>
            <p> Neurotoma sibirica Gussakovskij, 1935: 162 , 372; Kim, 1963: 278; Verzhutskij, 1966: 27; Kim, 1970: 125, 716; Shinohara, 1980: 107; Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 277; Shinohara, 1992b: 826; Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 78; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 215; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 1999: 123; Shinohara, 2002b: 419; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 273; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 927; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 83; Sundukov, 2015: 249; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Shinohara et al., 2018a: 595; Lee et al., 2019: 7; Shinohara, 2019: 6; Shinohara, 2020: 8, 232. </p>
            <p> Lectotype designation. Gussakovskij (1935) used a pair of specimens, a male and a female, for describing this species but did not designate a holotype. We hereby designate the female specimen (https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.16832095) in ZIL as a lectotype. It is labeled “Прим.[орскаЯ] обл.[асть]. Между ЛаЗаревым и Чома у о-ва Чакмут, Солдатов, 31.VIII.911”. According to Belokobylskij (pers. comm.), the locality is to be expected between Lazarev (52°11'42"N 141°27'43"E) and Bol’shoy Choma Island (52°23'29.9"N 141°12'24.0"E) [in Khabarovskij Kraj] near a spring or a river, as the collector V. K. Soldatov was an ichthyologist and insect collector. The date on the label corresponds to 13.IX.1911 in the Gregorian calendar.</p>
            <p>
                 Material examined. About 295 specimens, including the lectotype. A total of 183 specimens are from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Gussakovskij 1935; Shinohara 1980, 1992b; Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993; Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data:   RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 4♀ 2♂ (incl. DEI-GISHym 32030, 32042),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.27/lat 44.122)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.27&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.122">Gornotajozhnoe</a>
                 , 1km E, 150 m, 43.694°N 132.168°E, 22. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU010 (SDEI);   2♀,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.27/lat 44.122)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.27&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.122">Arsenyev</a>
                 , Ski-Base Bodrost, 200m, 44.122°N 133.270°E, 25. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU017 (SDEI);   1♀,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.27/lat 44.122)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.27&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.122">Arsenyev</a>
                 , Ski-Base Bodrost, 200m, 44.122°N 133.270°E, 26. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU018 (SDEI);   1♀,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.366/lat 44.541)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.366&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.541">Arsenyev</a>
                 , Ski-Base Bodrost; 200 m. 44.122°N 133.270°E, 28. V. 2016; leg. K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU021 (SDEI);  1♀, Yakovlevka 12km NW, 250m, 44.541°N 133.366°E, 27. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger (SDEI); 2♀ (incl. DEI-GISHym 32046), Yakovlevka 10km NW, 250m, 44.523°N 133.392°E, 27. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU020 (SDEI); 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32047), Taejka, 5 km SW, 170m, 44.050°N 133.177°E, 28. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger (SDEI);  1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32045), 1♂ (DEI-GISHym 12986, Fig. 29), 5♀, 5♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.877/lat 44.178)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.877&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.178">Rettihovka</a>
                 , 170m, 44.182°N, 132.804°E, 29. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU023 (SDEI);  11♀ (incl. DEI-GISHym 32033, 32054), Rettihovka 9 km E, 170m, 44.178°N 132.877°E, 29. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger RU024 (SDEI); 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32055), Partizansk SSW, 140m, 43.073°N 133.074°E, 9. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger (SDEI); 3♀ (incl. DEI-GISHym 32048), Anisimovka W, 250m, 43.167°N 132.759°E, 13. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU050 (SDEI); 2♀ (incl. DEI-GISHym 32044), Anisimovka 5 km SSE, 500m, 43.124°N 132.796°E, 15. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger RU052 (SDEI);  2♀ (incl. DEIGISHym 12987, Fig. 28),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.786/lat 43.102)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.786&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.102">Anisimovka</a>
                 , Gribanovka, 600m, 43.124°N 132.796°E, 15. VI. 2017, Taeger, Loktionov, Proshch., RU103 (SDEI);  1♀,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.911/lat 43.205)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.911&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.205">Anisimovka</a>
                 7 km S, Mt. Litovka; 1200 m, 43.102°N 132.786°E, 19. VI. 2017, leg. V. Loktionov, RU114 (SDEI); 1♀, Tigrovye N, 300 m, 43.205°N 132.911°E, 300m, 17. VI. 2017, leg. A. Taeger, M. Proshchalykin, T. Schmitt, V. Loktionov, RU108 (SDEI). 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (East Siberia, “ Amur ”, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin), North and South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Shikotan Is.) (Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993), China (Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Liaoning) (Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993; Xiao &amp; Chen 2005; Sundukov 2015).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun  var. stellipila Maxim. (Shinohara 1980; Shinohara &amp; Hara 1999). Records of  Populus tremula L. and  Spiraea sp. (Lee et al. 2019) need confirmation; the former is most probably erroneous. </p>
            <p> Remarks. Adults of this species are locally abundant around  Sorbaria bushes in the right season. The larvae are gregarious webspinners on this plant (Shinohara 1980; Shinohara &amp; Hara 1999). The maximum p -distance between specimens from Russia and Japan was 2.0% (n=13) in COI and 1.2% (n=10) in NaK. The nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 6.0% in COI and 0.9% in NaK, was  N. iridescens . These two species formed a clade in the trees (Figs 137, 152), as discussed above. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24BAC3BFF67FAA3FD3EAFA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24CAC3BFF67FB60FA96AD6C.text	FB3C87F1F24CAC3BFF67FB60FA96AD6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neurotoma silla Shinohara, Choi & Lee 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neurotoma silla Shinohara, Choi &amp; Lee, 2018</p>
            <p>(Figs 30, 31) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16856284)</p>
            <p> Neurotoma silla Shinohara, Choi &amp; Lee, 2018a: 594 , 596; Lee et al., 2019: 7. </p>
            <p> Material examined.  Two specimens (types) from South Korea (Shinohara et al. 2018) . </p>
            <p>Distribution. South Korea.</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This recently described species is known only from the female holotype and the male paratype, both from the northwestern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. No molecular data are available. It belongs to the  N. saltuum subgroup of the  N. nemoralis group as defined by Shinohara (2002b) (Shinohara et al. 2018a). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24CAC3BFF67FB60FA96AD6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24CAC3AFF67F952FEF9A882.text	FB3C87F1F24CAC3AFF67F952FEF9A882.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphiliini Cameron 1890	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tribe  Pamphiliini Cameron, 1890</p>
            <p> The representatives of this tribe are characterized as follows (Shinohara 2002b): head with lateral sutures subparallel and connected with antennal furrows (Fig. 1: 1aa); tarsal claws short (e.g., Figs 35h, 46h, 58g, 87h); forewing with vein Scl present (Fig. 1: 1bb); abdominal sternum 7 in female rather simply subconically swollen posteriorly, without paired ridges and triangular marginal depression (fig. 4K–M in Shinohara 2002b;  Onycholyda exceptionally has paired rounded ridges and a very flat (in ventral view) subtriangular marginal depression or weakly sclerotized posterior margin, fig. 4H–J in Shinohara 2002b); lancet with lamnium small (Fig. 1: 1cc). </p>
            <p> The tribe  Pamphiliini is regarded as monophyletic. The characters listed above, except for the presence of the vein Sc 1 in the forewing, are postulated as its autapomorphies. Our molecular analyses using COI and NaK genes also supported the monophyly of this tribe with UFBoot support of 100% (Figs 15, 16). </p>
            <p> This tribe comprises five genera and 170 species in the recent world fauna (Taeger et al. 2010; Shinohara &amp; Wei 2012, 2016; Shinohara et al. 2018c; present work). Here we treat three genera, Chrysolyda,  Onycholyda and  Pamphilius , containing 52 species as occurring in the Russian Far East and Korea. Of the three genera, Chrysolyda with only two world species and  Onycholyda with 42 world species were considered monophyletic based on morphology (Shinohara 2002b). Our molecular analyses using the COI and NaK sequences also strongly supported the monophyly of  Onycholyda with UFBoot support of 100% (Figs 15, 16). Molecular data for Chrysolyda and the two western Palaearctic genera,  Kelidoptera Konow, 1897 and  Pseudocephaleia Zirngiebl, 1937 , were not available for the present study. </p>
            <p> The monophyly or non-monophyly of  Pamphilius and its relationship with  Onycholyda should be clarified by further studies. Working on morphological characters, Shinohara (2002b) was not able to detect any autapomorphies for  Pamphilius , and  Onycholyda was retrieved as a sister group of all  Pamphilius except for  P. sylvarum and  P. basilaris groups in his cladogram (fig. 11 in Shinohara 2002b; see Fig. 14 for an abbreviated version). In our NaK analysis,  Pamphilius was recovered as monophyletic with UFBoot support of 99% and sister to  Onycholyda (Fig. 16). In the COI analysis,  Pamphilius was retrieved as paraphyletic and  Onycholyda was a part of large assemblage of  Pamphilius (supported by 97% UFBoot value) forming a sister group of  P. japonicus (currently belonging to  P. sylvaticus group) (Fig. 15). Therefore, the three available datasets, namely, morphology (Shinohara, 2002b, Fig. 14), COI genes (present work, Fig. 15) and NaK genes (present work, Fig. 16), supported three different hypothetical relationships. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24CAC3AFF67F952FEF9A882	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FAA6FACAAC31.text	FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FAA6FACAAC31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysolyda leucocephala (Takeuchi 1938)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chrysolyda leucocephala (Takeuchi, 1938)</p>
            <p>(Figs 17, 18) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11402748)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius leucocephalus Takeuchi, 1938: 219 ; Zinovjev, 1992: 56; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 216. </p>
            <p> Chrysolyda leucocephala: Shinohara, 2002b: 374 ; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 928; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 81; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Lee et al., 2019: 7; Shinohara, 2019: 6; Shinohara, 2020: 9, 232. </p>
            <p> Material examined.   Eighteen specimens, including the type series.  Ten specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997)  . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russian Far East (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu) (Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a rare species with no molecular data. Zinovjev (1992) mentioned  Pamphilius leucocephalus from Japan and southern Primorye without any collection data. We have not seen any specimens from Russia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FAA6FACAAC31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FC41FBC8AFE0.text	FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FC41FBC8AFE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysolyda Shinohara 2002	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Chrysolyda Shinohara, 2002</p>
            <p>Chrysolyda Shinohara, 2002b: 372.</p>
            <p> This genus is well defined by the characters given in the key (see Shinohara 2002b and Shinohara &amp; Wei 2012 for more details). Besides the type species,  C. leucocephala , only one species,  C. yunshanica Shinohara, 2012 , from Hunan Province, China, is known. A postulated autapomorphy of this genus is the absence of the basal preapical spur of the hind tibia (Fig. 2: 2b, c). The host plants and immature stages are unknown. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24DAC3AFF67FC41FBC8AFE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24DAC39FF67F8EAFBDAAE0E.text	FB3C87F1F24DAC39FF67F8EAFBDAAE0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda Takeuchi 1938	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Onycholyda Takeuchi, 1938</p>
            <p> Pamphilius (Onycholyda) Takeuchi, 1938: 218 . </p>
            <p> Onycholyda: Beneš, 1972b: 385 . </p>
            <p> Onycholyda is a compact genus, well defined by the characters given in the key (see Shinohara 2002b for more details). Morphologically, this is regarded as a monophyletic group having the following autapomorphies: anterior part of malar space with setiferous area (female) or pit (male) (Fig. 2: 3a); supraocular area in male with narrow, dull, densely pubescent patch; facial crests in male developed, sharply carinate (e.g., Figs 34e, 39e, 43e); ventral inner surface of fore tibia with disconnected row of scale-like setae; tarsal claws with acute basal lobe (Fig. 2: 3c). The monophyly of this genus is also supported by our molecular analyses, as discussed above. </p>
            <p> Shinohara (2002b) divided the world species of this genus into two species groups, the  O. amplecta group and the  O. luteicornis group, based on morphology. In our molecular work, 14 species of the  O. amplecta group and five species of the  O. luteicornis group were used for the COI analysis, and 10 species of the  O. amplecta group and four species of the  O. luteicornis group were used for the NaK analysis. In general, interspecific relationships were poorly resolved in our  Onycholyda trees. In the COI analysis (Figs 138, 139), three Nearctic species of the  O. luteicornis group (  O. luteicornis ,  O. nigritibialis and  O. sitkensis ) formed a clade, though with only 61% UFBoot support, but two Palaearctic species of this species group (  O. armata and  O. kumamotonis ) were rather distantly separated from them and located among the members of the  O. amplecta group. In the NaK analysis (Fig. 153), the two Palaearctic species of the  O. luteicornis group (  O. armata and  O. kumamotonis ) were retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support and the two Nearctic species of this species group (  O. luteicornis and  O. nigritibialis ) were also retrieved as monophyletic with 95% UFBoot support, but these Palaearctic and Nearctic clades did not form a clade and were recovered among the members of the  O. amplecta group. Thus, the result of our COI and NaK analyses did not support the dichotomous division of the genus into species groups advocated by Shinohara (2002b). On the other hand, it is interesting that in the COI tree all the 17 Nearctic specimens of six species were retrieved as a monophyletic group with 99% UFBoot support and each of the  O. amplecta group (  O. amplecta ,  O. rufofasciata and  O. multisignata ) and the  O. luteicornis group (  O. luteicornis ,  O. nigritibialis and  O. sitkensis ) formed a clade with low UFBoot support of 61%. The intrageneric relationships in  Onycholyda still need a revision. </p>
            <p> This genus is most diverse in warm temperate regions of eastern Asia. There are 42 valid species worldwide (Taeger et al. 2010; Shinohara &amp; Wei 2012, 2016; Shinohara et al. 2018c), of which 32 occur in eastern Asia. In the Russian Far East and Korea, only eight  Onycholyda species have been found, whereas ten species are known to occur in Japan and 19 species in China. </p>
            <p> The larvae of  Onycholyda species feed on the host leaves singly or gregariously in simple leaf-rolls or, when they become larger, often in webs. All known larvae feed on shrubby or herbaceous  Rosaceae , except for one doubtful record of  Cornus (Cornaceae) in North America (Middlekauff 1964; Shinohara et al. 2019). Most species are associated with the genus  Rubus and a few with the genera  Filipendula and  Agrimonia (Middlekauff 1964; Shinohara 2002b; Shinohara &amp; Wei 2010, 2016; Shinohara &amp; Lee 2011; Shinohara et al. 2018b, c). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24DAC39FF67F8EAFBDAAE0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24EAC38FF67FACDFBC4A963.text	FB3C87F1F24EAC38FF67FACDFBC4A963.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda armata (Maa 1949)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onycholyda armata (Maa, 1949)</p>
            <p>(Figs 32–34) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405052)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius armatus Maa, 1949: 37 . </p>
            <p> Onycholyda armata: Shinohara, 1985a: 349 ; Shinohara &amp; Beneš, 1988: 806; Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 82; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2002b: 422; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 929; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 32; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 83; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 108; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Lee et al., 2019: 8. </p>
            <p> Material examined. Twenty-eight specimens, including 26 specimens from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara &amp; Beneš 1988; Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data:  RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym 86268), Arsenyev, Ski-Base Bodrost, 200m, 44.122°N 133.270°E, 25. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger RU017 (SDEI);  1♀ (Fig. 33, DEI-GISHym 86315), 1♂ (DEI-GISHym 86314),  Yakovlevka 12km NW, 250m, 44.541°N 133.366°E, 27. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger RU019 (SDEI).   SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m,  Odaesan Mts ., 4. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Tomskaja Oblast’, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea, China (Jilin).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The specimens recorded from Zhejiang Province, China, as  O. armata by Shinohara &amp; Xiao (2006) belong to  O. atra Shinohara &amp; Wei, 2016 (Shinohara &amp; Wei 2016). In China,  O. armata has been found only in the northeastern part (Jilin). </p>
            <p> Morphologically, this species closely resembles  O. kumamotonis particularly in having a comparatively long flagellomere 1 and a similar structure of the male clypeus. Shinohara (2002b) placed these two species in his  O kumamotonis complex of the  O. luteicornis subgroup of the  O. luteicornis group. This placement was supported by our NaK analysis, where the nearest neighbour of  O. armata , diverging by a minimum of only 0.2%, was  O. kumamotonis , and  O. armata and  O. kumamotonis formed a clade with 100% UFBoot support (Fig. 153). However, in the COI analysis, the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 2.6%, was  O. viriditibialis , with which  O. armata formed a clade with 100% UFBoot support (Fig. 138). The maximum p -distance between three specimens of  O. armata from Primorskij Kraj was 0.6% in COI and 0% in NaK. </p>
            <p> It is interesting that the known distributions of  O. armata and  O. kumamotonis do not overlap.  Onycholyda armata is a continental species and  O. kumamotonis occurs only in Japan and Sakhalin. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24EAC38FF67FACDFBC4A963	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC38FF67FD21FD00ADEA.text	FB3C87F1F24FAC38FF67FD21FD00ADEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda kumamotonis (Matsumura 1912)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onycholyda kumamotonis (Matsumura, 1912)</p>
            <p>(Figs 35, 36) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405067)</p>
            <p> Lyda kumamotonis Matsumura, 1912: 75 . </p>
            <p> Onycholyda kumamotonis: Beneš, 1972b: 387 ; Shinohara, 1985c: 716; Shinohara, 1987a: 499; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2002b: 422; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 929; Taeger et al., 2010: 84; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 108; Sundukov, 2015: 249; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Shinohara, 2019: 7; Shinohara, 2020: 12, 236. </p>
            <p> Onycholyda sp. : Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 277. </p>
            <p>Lectotype designation. Shinohara (1985d) treated a specimen in Matsumura’s collection in HU as the holotype, stating “ Matsumura (1912) described this species on the basis of a single female from Kiushu (Kumamoto)”. However, Matsumura (1912) did not give the actual number of the specimens examined and thus the specimen is a syntype. Here we designate this specimen as a lectotype. It is labeled “ Japan, Kumamoto, Matsumura, 7/18” (HU).</p>
            <p>Material examined. About 355 specimens, including the lectotype. Two specimens are from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1985d).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Honshu,?Kyushu).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Filipendula camtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. (Shinohara &amp; Okutani 1983; Shinohara 1985c). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is not rare around  Filipendula camtschatica bushes in Hokkaido, where two species of  Pamphilius ,  P. venustus (Smith, 1874) and  P. sapporensis (Matsumura, 1912) also occur together. These three pamphiliids are all associated with  Filipendula . </p>
            <p> In the COI analysis (Fig. 139), three specimens from Hokkaido (NSMT30554, 30788, 30789) and four specimens from Honshu (NSMT30730, 30785–30787) each formed a different cluster and the two clusters had a sistergroup relationship supported by 100% UFBoot values. The maximum p -distance in the Hokkaido cluster was 0.2% and that in the Honshu cluster was 1%. The minimum p -distance between the Honshu and Hokkaido clusters was 2.2%. In the NaK tree (Fig. 153), the four Honshu specimens formed a cluster but the three Hokkaido specimens did not and, with the Honshu cluster, formed a polytomous clade, which was sister to  O. armata (this clade,  O. kumamotonis +  O. armata , was supported by 100% UFBoot value). The maximum p -distance within  O. kumamotonis was 0.4% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0.2%, was  O. armata . The Hokkaido and Honshu populations of  O. kumamotonis certainly have some genetic divergence, but we will leave them as one species until more evidence of speciation becomes available. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24FAC38FF67FD21FD00ADEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F24FAC47FF67F8A8FBA0A877.text	FB3C87F1F24FAC47FF67F8A8FBA0A877.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda nigroclypeata Shinohara 1987	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onycholyda nigroclypeata Shinohara, 1987</p>
            <p>(Figs 37–39) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405073)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius tenuis: Kim, 1970: 126 , 717; Kim, 1980: 3. Not Takeuchi, 1938. </p>
            <p> Onycholyda nigroclypeata Shinohara, 1987b: 649 ; Shinohara, 1992a: 502; Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 84; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 215; Shinohara, 2002b: 421; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 929; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 32; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 84; Shinohara &amp; Lee 2011: 209; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 108; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Lee et al., 2019: 8; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021a: 60; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021b: 196. </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined. Forty specimens, including the type series. Thirty-nine specimens are from the Russian Far East and North and South Korea (Shinohara 1987b; Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993; Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a, b; present work). New collection data:  RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (Fig. 38, DEI-GISHym 86743), Partizansk SSW, 140m, 43.073°N 133.074°E, 9. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU044 (SDEI).  SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2♀ 1♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.074/lat 43.073)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.074&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.073">Odaesan Mts</a>
                 ., 29. V.–1. VI. 1998, A. Shinohara (NSMT)  ; 1♀, same locality, 2. VI  . 2002 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea, China (Heilongjiang) (Shinohara 1992a).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (Shinohara &amp; Lee 2011). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species has much in common with  O. decorata Shinohara, 1985 , from Japan, in adult and larval morphology and host plant (Shinohara 1987b; Shinohara &amp; Lee 2011). In our molecular analyses, the two species were also quite close, diverging by a minimum of 1.1% in COI and 0.3% in NaK. The two species formed a clade with 100% UFBoot support in both COI and NaK analyses (Figs 139, 153). However, we treat them as distinct species, because the differences between them (Shinohara 1987b) are small but quite constant. </p>
            <p>The newly acquired female specimen from Russia (Fig. 38) has extensively orange-marked temples and vertex, but is otherwise not distinguishable from other specimens (Fig. 37) (Shinohara 1987b). The pale coloration of the head of this specimen is asymmetrical suggesting its aberrant nature (Fig. 38e).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F24FAC47FF67F8A8FBA0A877	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC47FF67FC55FBC8AD5A.text	FB3C87F1F230AC47FF67FC55FBC8AD5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda odaesana Shinohara & Byun 1993	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onycholyda odaesana Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993</p>
            <p>(Figs 40, 41) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405079)</p>
            <p> Onycholyda odaesana Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 83 ; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 216; Shinohara &amp; Xiao 2006: 288; Shinohara &amp; Wei, 2012: 54; Shinohara &amp; Wei, 2016: 307; Shinohara, 2002b: 423; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 84; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 2011: 210; Lee et al., 2019: 8; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021a: 60. </p>
            <p> Material examined. About 200 specimens, including the holotype. Nine specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993; Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997; Shinohara &amp; Lee 2011; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♂, Tokchomgogae, 510m, nr. Chuncheon, 28. V  . 1996 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂,  Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m, Odaesan Mts., 29. V.–1. VI  . 1996 , A.  Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. South Korea, China (Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Anhui, Hunan, Zhejiang).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Rubus adenophorus Rolfe ,  R. parvifolius L. (Shinohara &amp; Wei 2010; Shinohara &amp; Lee 2011). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species was described from South Korea (Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993) but later found across vast areas of southern China, where it is more commonly found (Shinohara &amp; Wei 2012). It is a member of the  O. wongi complex of the  O. wongi subgroup of the  O. luteicornis group. The  Onycholyda wongi complex is represented by seven species (Shinohara et al. 2018c), all confined to southern China, except for  O. odaesana .  Onycholyda odaesana is the only  Pamphiliidae known so far to occur both in southern China and Korea. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F230AC47FF67FC55FBC8AD5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F230AC46FF67F939FECCA8CA.text	FB3C87F1F230AC46FF67F939FECCA8CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda sertata (Konow 1903)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onycholyda sertata (Konow, 1903)</p>
            <p>(Figs 42, 43) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405088)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius sertatus Konow, 1903: 37 ; Gussakovskij, 1935: 171. </p>
            <p> Onycholyda sertata: Beneš, 1972b: 387 ; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 26; Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 85; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2002b: 421; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 929; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 32; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 84; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Lee et al., 2019: 8. </p>
            <p> Onycholyda rufofasciata: Beneš, 1972b: 388 . Not Norton, 1869. </p>
            <p> Onycholyda serrata [sic]: Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 108. </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined. Forty specimens, including the lectotype (Blank et al. 1998). Thirty-one specimens are from the Russian Far East and North Korea (Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data:  RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 86157), Gornotajozhnoe, Dendrarium, 150m, 43.691°N 132.153°E, 21. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU009 (SDEI);  1♀ (DEI-GISHym 86310),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.153/lat 43.691)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.153&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.691">Yakovlevka</a>
                 12km NW, 250m, 44.541°N 133.366°E, 27. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU019 (SDEI);   1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32031),  Arsenyev , Ski-Base Bodrost, 200m, 44.122°N 133.270°E, 30. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU026 (SDEI);   1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32053),  Nakhodka 10 km ESE: Beregovoj, 30m, 42.788°N 133.030°E, 7. VI. 2017, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU040 (SDEI);   1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32037),  Nikolaevka 5 km NNE, 140m, 43.137°N 133.249°E, 11. VI. 2017, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU047 (SDEI);   1♀,  Sedanka , 80m, 43.210°N 131.995° E, 14. VI. 2017, A. Taeger, V. Loktionov &amp; M. Proshchalykin, (Fig. 42, DEI-GISHym 12979);   2♀,  Ussuri Nature Reserve , 150m, 43.644°N 132.346°E, 23. VI. 2017, A. Taeger, M.  Proshchalykin , T. Schmitt, V. Loktionov, RU127 (SDEI)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Northern Europe, across Siberia to Primorskij Kraj, North Korea, China (Jilin) (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. (Kangas &amp; Syrjänen 1962). Record of  Spiraea sp. (Kajmuk 1972; Verzhutskij 1981; Lee et al. 2019) needs confirmation. </p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a widely distributed species associated with  Filipendula (Kangas &amp; Syrjänen 1962) . It has much in common with  O. decorata and  O. nigroclypeata whose larvae feed on  Agrimonia (Shinohara 2006; Shinohara &amp; Lee 2011). In the COI tree (Fig. 139),  O. sertata was retrieved as a sister of the clade represented by  O. decorata and  O. nigroclypeata but with 93% UFBoot support, which was not high enough to warrant credibility. The maximum p -distance within  O. sertata (n=8) was 0.8% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 3.5%, was  O. decorata and  O. viriditibialis . The NaK tree was not well resolved among the species related to  O. sertata (Fig. 153). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F230AC46FF67F939FECCA8CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F231AC45FF67FB89FE75AAAE.text	FB3C87F1F231AC45FF67FB89FE75AAAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda viriditibialis (Takeuchi 1930)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onycholyda viriditibialis (Takeuchi, 1930)</p>
            <p>(Figs 44, 45) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405106)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius viriditibialis Takeuchi, 1930: 13 ; Kim, 1963: 278; Kim, 1970: 126. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius tsherskii Gussakovskij, 1935: 178 ; Shinohara, 1986a: 271. (syn. of  viriditibialis ) </p>
            <p> Onycholyda viriditibialis: Beneš, 1972b: 387 ; Shinohara, 1986a: 271; Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 82; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 215; Shinohara, 2002a: 189; Shinohara, 2002b: 421; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 928, 929; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 34; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 85; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 108; Shinohara, 2013: 94; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Lee et al., 2019: 8; Shinohara, 2019: 7; Shinohara, 2020: 10, 235; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021a: 60; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021b: 197. </p>
            <p> Material examined. About 205 specimens, including the type series. Thirty-one specimens are from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1986a; Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993; Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a, b; present work). New collection data:  RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (DEIGISHym 32041), Partizansk SSW, 140m, 43.073°N 133.074°E, 9. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU044 (SDEI);  1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32038),  Anisimovka W, 250m, 43.167°N 132.759°E, 13. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger RU050 (SDEI)  . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) (Shinohara 1986a).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Rubus crataegifolius Bunge ,  R. microphyllus L.f. (Hara &amp; Shinohara 2017). </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Onycholyda viriditibialis was described from Japan (Takeuchi 1930). Shinohara (1986a) synonymized  Pamphilius tsherskii Gussakovskij, 1935 , described from Vladivostok, with this species, even though he noted a few very small colour pattern differences between them. In both COI and NaK trees (Figs 138, 153), the Russian and Japanese specimens formed separate clades, each with 100% UFBoot support. The Russian and Japanese clades together formed a clade with 100% UFBoot support in the COI tree (Fig. 138) but they did not form a clade in the NaK tree (Fig. 153). The maximum p -distance among the Russian specimens was 0.2% in COI (n=3) and 0% in NaK (n=2) and that among the Japanese specimens (n=4) was 0.9% in COI and 0% in NaK, whereas the minimum p -distance between the two populations was 1.2% in COI and 0.4% in NaK. Apparently, there is some diversification among the geographically isolated populations, but here we treat all as a single species because we do not consider the observed differences sufficient to assume different species. The nearest neighbour was  O. armata in COI analysis, diverging by a minimum of 2.6%, and  O. sertata and  O. tenuis in NaK analysis, diverging by a minimum of 0.5%. </p>
            <p> The flight period of this species is long, from May to September, in South Korea (Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a, b) and also in Japan (Shinohara 1986a). The long flight period of adults is quite unusual for a pamphiliid, otherwise known only for the closely related  O. esakii (Takeuchi, 1938) . It is probably a result of polymodal adult emergence (Shinohara &amp; Kojima 2009). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F231AC45FF67FB89FE75AAAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67FE6DFD0DAEED.text	FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67FE6DFD0DAEED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda yezoensis Shinohara 1987	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onycholyda yezoensis Shinohara, 1987</p>
            <p>(Figs 46, 47) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405091)</p>
            <p> Anoplolyda minomalis: Takeuchi, 1936a: 62 . Not Takeuchi, 1936, in part. </p>
            <p> Onycholyda minomalis: Shinohara, 1985b: 349 ; Sundukov, 2017: 103; Taeger et al., 2018. Not Takeuchi, 1936, in part. </p>
            <p> Onycholyda yezoensis Shinohara, 1987a: 495 ; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2002b: 422; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 929; Taeger et al., 2010: 85; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 108; Sundukov, 2015: 249; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Shinohara, 2019: 7; Shinohara, 2020: 10, 235. </p>
            <p>Material examined. About 40 specimens, including the type series. One specimen is from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1987a).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is.) (Sundukov 2015).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Rubus parvifolius L. (Hara &amp; Shinohara 2017). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is similar to two Japanese species,  O. minomalis (Takeuchi, 1930) and  O. similis Shinohara, 1987 , and a Chinese species,  O. atra Shinohara &amp; Wei, 2016 (Shinohara 1987a; Shinohara &amp; Wei 2016). Molecular data are not available for  O. atra , but we have COI and NaK sequences for  O. minomalis ,  O. similis and  O. yezoensis and they formed a clade with 100% UFBoot support in the COI and 99% UFBoot support in the NaK genes (Figs 139, 153). In the COI analysis, the two sequences of  O. yezoensis differed by 0.1% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 2.3%, was  O. similis , with which  O. yezoensis formed a clade with 100% UFBoot support (Fig. 139). In the NaK analysis, the two sequences of  O. yezoensis differed by 0.1% and the nearest neighbour, diverging by a minimum of 0%, was  O. similis . </p>
            <p> Takeuchi (1936a) first recorded this species as “  Anoplolyda minomalis ” (=  O. minomalis ) from Sakhalin. Shinohara (1985b), adopting a broader concept of  O. minomalis , included Sakhalin in the distribution of  O. minomalis . However, Shinohara (1987a) recognized three species in the previous concept of  O. minomalis and described the species occurring in Hokkaido and Sakhalin as  O. yezoensis , thus excluding Sakhalin from the distribution of  O. minomalis . Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev (1995) correctly understood this history and noted “  yezoensis Shinohara, 1987 (=  minomalis auct., in part). — EFE”. Sundukov (2017) included  O. minomalis in the Russian fauna, probably according to Shinohara (1985b) and neglecting Shinohara (1987a). Without further evidence,  O. minomalis should be excluded from the list of the Russian fauna. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67FE6DFD0DAEED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67F9ACFAACACD5.text	FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67F9ACFAACACD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onycholyda zinovjevi Shinohara 1987	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Onycholyda zinovjevi Shinohara, 1987</p>
            <p>(Figs 48, 49) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405103)</p>
            <p> Onycholyda zinovjevi Shinohara, 1987b: 644 ; Shinohara &amp; Byun, 1993: 83; Kim et al., 1994: 216; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2002b: 422; Shinohara, 2004: 262; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 929; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 85; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 108; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Lee et al., 2019: 8; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021a: 61. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Thirteen specimens from the Russian Far East and South Korea, including the type series (Shinohara 1987b; Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea (Shinohara &amp; Byun 1993).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks. This is a rare and little-known species, with no material available for molecular work.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F232AC45FF67F9ACFAACACD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F233AC44FF67FF04FA92AEB5.text	FB3C87F1F233AC44FF67FF04FA92AEB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius Latreille 1803	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Pamphilius Latreille, 1803</p>
            <p> Pamphilius Latreille, 1803: 303 . </p>
            <p>See Taeger et al. (2010) for more synonymy.</p>
            <p> Pamphilius is a large and rather heterogeneous genus, characterized as follows: anterior part of malar space without setiferous area (female) or pit (male) (Fig. 2: 3aa); supraocular area in male without narrow, dull, densely pubescent patch; facial crests in male various in shape, nearly flattened, rounded or carinate (e.g., Figs 55e, 63e, 65e); ventral inner surface of fore tibia without disconnected row of scale-like setae; tarsal claws without acute basal lobe (e.g., Figs 56g, 74i, 89g). It is distinguishable from the related genera by the features given in the key (see Shinohara 2002b for more details), but as discussed above, the monophyly of this genus is uncertain based on both morphological and molecular data. </p>
            <p> Based on morphology, Shinohara (2002b) divided the world species of this genus into 12 species groups, of which four major groups (  P. vafer ,  P. sylvaticus ,  P. alternans and  P. histrio groups) contained about 80% of all the species then known. Each of the remaining eight species groups contained only one to four species. The  P. ochreipes group, represented by two Nearctic species, is here treated as a part of the  P. vafer group. In the Russian Far East and Korea, the  P. inanitus ,  P. latifrons and  P. sulphureipes groups have been recorded in addition to the four major species groups. </p>
            <p> For the molecular analyses of the present study, representatives of the seven species groups mentioned above, except for the  P. latifrons group, and additionally the  P. basilaris group, were used. The  Pamphilius basilaris group contains two species associated with  Juglandaceae from Japan and China (Shinohara 2003b; Shinohara et al. 2012). It has not been recorded from the Russian Far East and Korea, but the species group is likely to be found particularly in Korea. </p>
            <p> The monophyly of each species group and the relationship among the species groups were discussed by Shinohara (2002b) based on morphology and will be examined further below in the light of the results of molecular analyses. Generally speaking, the monophyly of each species group was at least partly supported also by molecular data (see discussion under respective species group below) but the relationship among the species groups is still poorly clarified, as the hypotheses based on three different data sets (morphology, Fig. 14; COI sequences, Fig. 15; NaK sequences, Fig. 16) differ drastically (see also discussion under  Pamphiliini above). </p>
            <p> Pamphilius is distributed in the Holarctic region and contains 123 valid species and subspecies (Taeger et al. 2010; Shinohara &amp; Wei 2012, 2016; present work), of which 43 are recorded for the Russian Far East and Korea. </p>
            <p> The larvae of  Pamphilius species feed on the host leaves singly or gregariously in simple leaf-rolls or in webs. Known host plants include  Rosaceae (  Cerasus ,  Padus ,  Sorbus ,  Rosa ,  Rubus ,  Filipendula ,  Fragaria ,  Aruncus ,  Spiraea , etc.),  Betulaceae (  Alnus ,  Betula ,  Corylus ,  Carpinus , etc.),  Salicaceae (  Populus ,  Salix ), Spindaceae (  Acer ),  Caprifoliaceae (  Lonicera ,  Macrodiervilla ),  Adoxaceae (Viburnum) ,  Fagaceae (Quercus) ,  Cornaceae (Cornus) ,  Juglandaceae (  Juglans ,  Platycarya ) and  Saxifragaceae (Astilbe) (Shinohara 2002b, 2003b; Shinohara &amp; Hara 2011; Shinohara &amp; Kojima 2011; Shinohara et al. 2012, 2016a, b, 2019; Shinohara &amp; Wei 2016). In some cases, distinct association between a species group and host plant family exists as noted under each species group below. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F233AC44FF67FF04FA92AEB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F233AC43FF67F99BFEB0A83A.text	FB3C87F1F233AC43FF67F99BFEB0A83A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius alternans	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius alternans group </p>
            <p> The members of this species group are characterized as follows: clypeus entirely yellow; antenna with scape entirely yellow, in females sometimes marked with dark brown or entirely black; antennal flagellomere 1 2.2–3.0 × length of flagellomere 2; right mandible tridentate with incision between median and apical teeth distinct; left mandible tridentate with low middle tooth or bidentate with no middle tooth; forewing sometimes with brownish infuscated area and cell C pilose or glabrous; femora entirely pale, except in  P. lethierryi subgroup. Ovipositor sheath appendage more or less pilose (Fig. 90g). Male genitalia: ventral arm of gonostipes with narrow plate-like process along proximal margin, developing inside gonocardo; inner margin of harpe roundly or angularly produced at base; apiceps broad; valviceps in lateral view rather short, apex directed above, ventral margin rounded, without conspicuous dorsoapical process. </p>
            <p> Three subgroups (  P. alternans ,  P. komonensis and  P. lethierryi subgroups) containing 17 world species are known in the Palaearctic region (Shinohara 2002b; Shinohara &amp; Zhou 2006). We recognized two species of the  P. komonensis subgroup in the Russian Far East and Korea. </p>
            <p> Twenty-seven sequences of nine species of three subgroups were treated in COI analysis and 15 sequences of six species of the same three subgroups were treated in NaK analysis. In the COI analysis (Fig. 140), the  P. alternans subgroup (11 specimens of four species) was recovered as monophyletic with high UFBoot value (99%). Also, a part of the  P. komonensis subgroup (  P. komonensis Takeuchi, 1930 +  P. kyutekparki Shinohara, 1991 ) and another part of the  P. komonensis subgroup (  P. croceus +  P. takeuchii ) are both retrieved as monophyletic, respectively, with 100% UFBoot value. These three clades form a monophyletic group (  P. alternans group without  P. lethierryi subgroup), but with low UFBoot support (78%) and unexpected inclusion in this clade of  P. norimbergensis Enslin, 1917 , which is currently placed in the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b). The only remaining specimen of the  P. alternans group included in the COI analysis, namely, one sequence of the  P. lethierryi subgroup, was recovered as sister to  P. histrio (  P. histrio group) but with very low UFBoot support (63%) in the remote part of the tree. Our COI analysis therefore did not support the monophyly of the  P. alternans group (  P. alternans +  P. komonensis +  P. lethierryi subgroups). The placement of  P. norimbergensis , whose samples were not available for the NaK analysis, should be confirmed by further studies. In the NaK analysis (Fig. 154), the  P. alternans group (three subgroups) and the  P. komonensis subgroup (13 sequences of four species) were retrieved as monophyletic with high UFBoot support (99% and 100%, respectively). The  P. alternans subgroup (one specimen available) was sister to the  P. lethierryi subgroup (one specimen available) but with very low UFBoot support (30%). </p>
            <p> Almost all recorded host plants for the members of this species group are  Sapindaceae (Acer) (Shinohara 2002b). The only exception is the European  P. marginatus feeding on  Betulaceae (  Carpinus and  Corylus ) (Taeger et al. 1998). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F233AC43FF67F99BFEB0A83A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F234AC43FF67FC19FBF1AC52.text	FB3C87F1F234AC43FF67FC19FBF1AC52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius croceus Shinohara 1986	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius croceus Shinohara, 1986</p>
            <p>(Figs 71, 72) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405169)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius takeuchii: Beneš, 1974: 309 , 313; Shinohara, 1979: 152; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2009: 3; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Shinohara, 2013: 99; Sundukov, 2017: 105. Not Beneš, 1972a, in part. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius croceus Shinohara, 1986b: 425 ; Shinohara, 1991a: 56; Kim et al., 1994: 217; Shinohara, 2002b: 424; Shinohara, 2004: 263; Shinohara &amp; Zhou, 2006: 184; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 935, 942; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Lee et al., 2019: 9; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021a: 61. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Fifty-eight specimens, including the holotype, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1986b, 1991a; Shinohara &amp; Zhou 2006; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 2♀ (Fig. 71, DEI-GISHym 88000, 88002), Sedanka, 80m, 43.210°N 131.995°E, 14. VI. 2017, A. Taeger, M. Proshchalykin &amp; V. Loktionov (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♀ 45♂ (incl. NSMT 30980), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 16–18. VI. 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea (Shinohara &amp; Zhou 2006).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This species belongs to the  P. komonensis subgroup of the  P. alternans group (Shinohara 2002b; Shinohara &amp; Zhou 2006) and is similar to  P. takeuchii Beneš, 1972 , from Japan. Beneš (1974) recorded  P. takeuchii from Primorskij Kraj based on a female specimen from Suchan (= Partizansk), which was later designated as the holotype of  P. croceus by Shinohara (1986b). No other specimens of  P. takeuchii have been recorded from Russia. Although  P. takeuchii was included in the lists of Russian sawflies (Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev 1995; Sundukov &amp; Lelej 2009, 2012; Sundukov 2017), it should be excluded from the Russian fauna as fully discussed by Shinohara (2013). </p>
            <p> In both COI and NaK analyses (Figs 140, 154),  P. croceus was recovered as sister to  P. takeuchii with 100% UFBoot support. The two allopatric species are very close genetically, diverging by a minimum of 1.0% in the COI analysis and by a minimum of 0.4% in NaK analysis. The larvae of  P. takeuchii feed on  Acer spp. (Sapindaceae) solitarily rolling edge of a leaf. The larvae of  P. croceus may also feed on these plants. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F234AC43FF67FC19FBF1AC52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FC66FD6CADE3.text	FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FC66FD6CADE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius basilaris	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius basilaris group </p>
            <p>The members of this species group are characterized as follows: antennal flagellomere 1 1.0–2.2 × length of flagellomere 2; right mandible tridentate with incision between middle and apical teeth much deeper than incision between basal and middle teeth; left mandible bidentate with middle tooth missing (figs 8C, 8D in Shinohara &amp; Wei 2012); wings strongly infuscate in basal 3/2 and clear hyaline in apical 1/3 (figs 8A, 8F in Shinohara &amp; Wei 2012); forewing with cell C glabrous, 1st abscissa of vein Rs very long and cell 1M small and short; femora entirely pale. Subgenital plate in male with large setose appendage. Ovipositor sheath appendage very large, pilose. Male genitalia: proximal ventral arm of gonostipes normal; apiceps simple, narrow; valviceps in lateral view rather short, apex directed upwards, ventral margin rounded, without conspicuous dorsoapical process.</p>
            <p> Two species are known,  P. basilaris Shinohara, 1982 from Japan and  P. lizejiani Shinohara, 2012 (in: Shinohara &amp; Wei 2012) from China. This species group has not been found in the Russian Far East and Korea, though it is likely to occur particularly in Korea. For the COI and NaK analyses, two sequences each of  P. basilaris were used and they were retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support in both analyses. In the COI tree (Fig. 141),  P. basilaris was the sister group of the Nearctic  P. ocreatus (  P. sylvaticus group) and this pair was the sister group of  Onycholyda but these relationships had low UFBoot support (75% and 64%, respectively). In the NaK tree (Fig. 155), the  P. basilaris group was retrieved as the sister of the large clade represented by the speciose  P. vafer and  P. sylvaticus groups but this relationship was supported only by 87% UFBoot value. The affinity of this species group within  Pamphilius or  Pamphiliini is still unclear. </p>
            <p> Among the  Pamphiliidae , the members of this species group are unique in their association with  Juglandaceae (  Juglans and  Platycarya ) (Shinohara et al. 2012). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FC66FD6CADE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FF04FE4FA8AC.text	FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FF04FE4FA8AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius kyutekparki Shinohara 1991	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius kyutekparki Shinohara, 1991</p>
            <p>(Figs 90, 91) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405223)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius jucundus: Kim, 1980: 3 , pl. v, HYPA01. Not Takeuchi, 1930. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius kyutekparki Shinohara, 1991a: 53 ; Kim et al., 1994: 217; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 216; Shinohara, 2002b: 424; Shinohara, 2004: 263; Shinohara &amp; Zhou, 2006: 171; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 35; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 938, 942; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 88; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109 [“ kyutekrarki ”]; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 10; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021a: 61. </p>
            <p> Material examined. About 135 specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Kim 1980; Shinohara 1991a; Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997; Shinohara &amp; Zhou 2006; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2♂ (NSMT 30754, 30755), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m, Odaesan Mts., 1. VI  . 2008 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 4♂ (incl. NSMT 30854, 30864), same locality, 30. V.–4. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♀ 1♂, same locality, 11–16. VI  . 2010 , A.  Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This species belongs to the  P. komonensis subgroup of the  P. alternans group (Shinohara 2002b; Shinohara &amp; Zhou 2006).  Pamphilius kyutekparki is most closely related to the Japanese  P. komonensis Takeuchi, 1930 , though the two allopatric taxa are separated at least by the color pattern (Shinohara 1991a). In our molecular analysis using COI and NaK sequences, the two species were not clearly differentiated (Figs 140, 154). The host plant of  P. kyutekparki is still unknown, but it is probably  Acer (Sapindaceae) , which is the host of  P. komonensis (Shinohara &amp; Okutani 1983) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F235AC42FF67FF04FE4FA8AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F235AC41FF67F8B4FAF6A882.text	FB3C87F1F235AC41FF67F8B4FAF6A882.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius histrio	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius histrio group </p>
            <p> The members of this species group are characterized as follows: upper part of head glabrous; facial crest in male very strongly swollen, rounded or very bluntly carinate; antennal flagellomere 1 1.0–2.5 × length of flagellomere 2; right mandible tridentate but incision between middle and apical teeth very shallow, or bidentate with only basal shoulder to apical tooth; left mandible tridentate with low middle tooth; wings hyaline, with dark marking only in  P. betulae subgroup; forewing with cell C glabrous; femora entirely pale. Ovipositor sheath and its appendage various in shape. Male genitalia (e.g., Figs 67g, h, 103g, h, 122g, h): proximal ventral arm of gonostipes normal; apiceps broad and flattened; valviceps in lateral view rather long, apex directed straight or below, ventral margin more or less concave, with conspicuous dorsoapical process. </p>
            <p>Eleven known species, one represented by two subspecies, are classified into five subgroups (Shinohara 2002b). In the Russian Far East and Korea, six species of four subgroups have been found.</p>
            <p> Twenty-four sequences of six species (four subgroups) were treated in the COI analysis and six sequences of two species (two subgroups) were treated in the NaK analysis. In the COI analysis (Fig. 142), the  P. brevicornis and  P. gyllenhali subgroups were each retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support and they formed a clade with 99% UFBoot support. However, two other subgroups (  P. betulae and  P. histrio subgroups), though each recovered as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support, did not form a monophyletic group with the  P. brevicornis +  P. gyllenhali subgroups. The sister group of the clade (  P. brevicornis +  P. gyllenhali subgroups) was the  P. inanitus group with 91% UFBoot support and the  P. betulae subgroup was retrieved as having the sister relationship with the clade ((  P. brevicornis +  P. gyllenhali subgroups) +  P. inanitus group) but with low UFBoot value of 84%. The  P. histrio subgroup was distant from the other three subgroups and had the sister relationship with the  P. lethierryi subgroup of the  P. alternans group with very low UFBoot support (63%). In the NaK analysis (Fig. 156), two species (belonging to the  P. brevicornis and  P. gyllenhali subgroups) were recovered as a clade with 100% UFBoot support. In conclusion, the monophyly and the sister relationships of the  P. brevicornis and  P. gyllenhali subgroups were strongly supported but the monophyly of the  P. histrio group as a whole was not supported by the present analyses. </p>
            <p> The known host plants of this species group are  Salicaceae (  Salix and  Populus ) and  Betulaceae (Betula) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F235AC41FF67F8B4FAF6A882	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F236AC41FF67FC54FAD6ACEC.text	FB3C87F1F236AC41FF67FC54FAD6ACEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius brevicornis subsp. brevicornis Hellen 1948	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius brevicornis brevicornis Hellén, 1948</p>
            <p> (Fig. 66,  ssp. ibukii Fig. 67) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405166) </p>
            <p> Pamphilius histrio: Malaise, 1931: 63 . Not Latreille, 1812. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius histrio var. brevicornis Hellén, 1948: 40 . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius brevicornis: Kontuniemi, 1958: 94 ; Kontuniemi, 1965: 262; Beneš, 1972a: 47; Beneš 1974: 313; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 38; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius brevicornis brevicornis: Shinohara, 1995: 56 ; Shinohara, 2002b: 426; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 931, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Lee et al., 2019: 9. </p>
            <p>See Shinohara (1995) for more references.</p>
            <p> Material examined. Fifteen specimens, including 14 specimens from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1995; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 2♀ (Fig. 66, DEI-GISHym 17524, 88122), Anisimovka 4 km W, 350m,  43.168°N 132.724°E, 19. VI  . 2017, A. Taeger (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwondo: 2♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m,  Odaesan Mts ., 6. VI  . 1996 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Northern Eurasia ranging from western and northern Europe to the Russian Far East (Kamchatka Kraj, Primorskij Kraj and Sakhalin) and South Korea (Shinohara 1995).</p>
            <p> Host plant. Unknown, but probably  Betula spp. [  Betulaceae ]. The Japanese subspecies,  Pamphilius brevicornis ibukii Shinohara, 1995 (Fig. 67), is associated with  Betula ermanii ,  B. corylifolia and  B. platyphylla var. japonica (Shinohara &amp; Kojima 2017) . </p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a widely spread Palaearctic species with two subspecies recognized by Shinohara (1995). The nominotypical subspecies originally described from Finland occurs in the Russian Far East and Korea. The maximum intrasubspecific p -distance within  P. brevicornis brevicornis from Germany and Primorskij Kraj was 0.9% in COI (n=3) and the minimum distance to  P. brevicornis ibukii from Japan is 1.9% in COI. This species (  P. brevicornis brevicornis +  P. brevicornis ibukii ) was retrieved as sister to (  P. tricolor +  P. gyllenhali ) in the COI tree with 99% UFBoot support (Fig. 142) and  P. brevicornis ibukii was the sister of  P. tricolor in the NaK tree with 100% UFBoot support (Fig. 156). This result agrees with the cladistic analysis based on morphology by Shinohara (1995), though  P. infuscatus Middlekauff, 1964 ,  P. borisi Beneš, 1974 and  P. virescens Malaise, 1931 , were not included in the molecular analysis. Shinohara (2002b) placed this species in his  P. brevicornis subgroup of the  P. histrio group. For another member of the  P. brevicornis subgroup,  P. maximus Shinohara, 1995 , no molecular data were available. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F236AC41FF67FC54FAD6ACEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FF04FCE1A8CD.text	FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FF04FCE1A8CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius histrio Latreille 1812	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius histrio Latreille, 1812</p>
            <p>(Figs 81, 82) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16913065)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius histrio Latreille, 1812: 689 ; Gussakovskij, 1935: 175, 375; Berland, 1947: 58; Beneš 1974: 313; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 39; Shinohara, 1995: 48; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 1997a: 193; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 1999: 124; Shinohara, 2002b: 426; Shinohara, 2004: 263; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 274; Taeger et al., 2010: 87; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Lee et al., 2019: 9; Shinohara, 2019: 9; Shinohara, 2020: 20, 249. </p>
            <p>See Shinohara (1995) for more references.</p>
            <p> Material examined.  Forty-one specimens, including six specimens from Korea (Shinohara 1995) . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Europe, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Salicaceae :  Populus tremula (Stritt 1935) ,  Populus tremula var. davidiana (Shinohara &amp; Hara 1999, 2005) and?  Populus nigra (Midtgaard 1987) . </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is widely spread in Eurasia but very rare in the Far East, known only from small series of specimens from Korea (Shinohara 1995) and Hokkaido, Japan (Shinohara &amp; Hara 1997a, 1999, 2005). We have seen no specimens from the Russian Far East. This species is the sole representative of  P. histrio subgroup of  P. histrio group. </p>
            <p> In our molecular analysis using COI (Fig. 142), the specimens of  P. histrio formed a clade but it was rather distantly located from the clades represented by five other species of the  P. histrio group (  P. brevicornis ,  P. gyllenhali ,  P. tricolor ,  P. betulae and  P. festivus ). In the NaK analysis,  P. histrio was not treated. The COI result was in line with the cladistic analysis based on morphology (Shinohara 1995), where  P. histrio was situated remotely from the clade including the three species given above. The monophyly of the  P. histrio group as a whole was not supported by our molecular study as noted in the remarks for the species group. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FF04FCE1A8CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FB8CFE1EAD91.text	FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FB8CFE1EAD91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius maximus Shinohara 1995	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius maximus Shinohara, 1995</p>
            <p>(Figs 102, 103) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405256)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius maximus Shinohara, 1995: 59 ; Shinohara, 2002b: 426; Shinohara, 2004: 263; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 935; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Taeger et al., 2010: 88; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 10. </p>
            <p> Material examined. Thirteen specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1995; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 29. V  . 1998 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 11♂ (Fig. 103), same locality, 31. V. –4. VI  . 2002 , A.  Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea (Shinohara 1995).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a large and light-colored species, so far known only from Primorskij Kraj and Korea. No molecular data are available. Shinohara (2002b) placed it in his  P. brevicornis subgroup of  P. histrio group. </p>
            <p> Lee et al. (2019) gave  Populus sp. as a host of this species without showing source of information. This record may have been based on Shinohara’s (1995) statement, “the holotype female was found crawling on a leaf of  Populus sp. (probably  P. davidiana ), which may be the host plant.” Obviously, this statement was not a host record and the host is still unknown. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F237AC40FF67FB8CFE1EAD91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F237AC4FFF67F977FBE7AA8A.text	FB3C87F1F237AC4FFF67F977FBE7AA8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius pictifrons Gussakovskij 1935	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius pictifrons Gussakovskij, 1935</p>
            <p>(Fig. 110) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405271)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius pictifrons Gussakovskij, 1935: 176 , 379; Beneš, 1974: 299, 313; Shinohara, 1995: 49; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2002b: 426; Shinohara, 2004: 263; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 937; Taeger et al., 2010: 90; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105. </p>
            <p>See Shinohara (1995) for more references.</p>
            <p>Material examined. Two specimens, including the holotype, from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1995).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Yakutia, Magadan Oblast) (Shinohara 1995).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Only two female specimens have been recorded for this species and the male is still unknown (Shinohara 1995). No molecular data are available. Shinohara (2002b) placed this species in his  P. pictifrons subgroup in the  P. histrio group. Sundukov (2017) noted “Host plant:?  Rosa spp. (Rosaceae) ” but this host record, which is probably based on Verzhutskij (1981), is doubtful as discussed by Shinohara (1995). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F237AC4FFF67F977FBE7AA8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4FFF67FE49FAA6AFCA.text	FB3C87F1F238AC4FFF67FE49FAA6AFCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius tricolor Benes 1974	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius tricolor Beneš, 1974</p>
            <p>(Figs 121, 122) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405304)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius tricolor Beneš, 1974: 301 , 313; Shinohara, 1995: 50; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara &amp; Zinovjev, 1996: 110; Shinohara, 2002b: 426; Shinohara, 2004: 263; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 38; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 936, 942; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2009: 295; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Taeger et al., 2010: 91; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 11; Shinohara, 2019: 12; Shinohara, 2020: 20, 250. </p>
            <p>See Shinohara (1995) for more references.</p>
            <p> Material examined. About 150 specimens, including the holotype. Ninety-six specimens are from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1995; Shinohara &amp; Zinovjev 1996; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 29. V.–1. VI  . 1996 , J.-W. Kim (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Urals, eastern Siberia, Sakha Republic, Kamchatka Kraj, Magadanskaya Oblast, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Salicaceae :  Salix caprea L. (Shinohara &amp; Hara 2009). </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Pamphilius tricolor belongs to the  P. gyllenhali subgroup of the  P. histrio group (Shinohara 2002b) and is most closely related to the European  P. gyllenhali (Dahlbom, 1835) . These two allopatric species are similar morphologically, though distinguishable from each other, and share the same host plant and larval habits (Shinohara 1995; Shinohara &amp; Hara 2009). The available COI data for the two species were retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support, but the two species were not clearly differentiated within the clade (Fig. 142). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F238AC4FFF67FE49FAA6AFCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F238AC4EFF67FA89FE27ABFA.text	FB3C87F1F238AC4EFF67FA89FE27ABFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius virescens Malaise 1931	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius virescens Malaise, 1931</p>
            <p>(Figs 130, 131) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405328)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius virescens Malaise, 1931: 62 ; Gussakovskij, 1935: 174, 375; Verzhutskij, 1966: 27; Beneš, 1974: 303, 311; Shinohara, 1995: 55; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2002b: 426; Shinohara, 2004: 263; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 936, 942; Taeger et al., 2010: 91; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 106; Lee et al., 2019: 11; Shinohara, 2019: 12; Shinohara, 2020: 20, 249. </p>
            <p>See Shinohara (1995) for more references.</p>
            <p> Lectotype designation. Malaise (1931) described this species based on “ 2♂♂ und 2♀♀ aus Klutchi, Kamtchatka ” but did not designate a holotype. We hereby designate the female labeled “Typus” in Malaise’s collection (NHRS), as lectotype. It is labeled “ Kamtschatka, Malaise” “Typus” “  Pamphilius virescens Mal. Type Malaise det.” “818”. It was treated as the holotype by Beneš (1974) and Shinohara (1995) and fully redescribed by Beneš (1974). </p>
            <p> Material examined.   Thirteen specimens, including the lectotype, of which 12 are from the  Russian Far East and  South Korea (Shinohara 1995; present work).  New collection data: SOUTH KOREA:  Gangwon-do : 1♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 1. VI  . 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT) . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Kamchatka Kraj, Irkutsk Oblast). South Korea. Japan (Hokkaido).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is known from a small number of specimens (Shinohara 1995) and no molecular data are available. It belongs to the  P. gyllenhali subgroup of the  P. histrio group (Shinohara 2002b). Lee et al. (2019) gave  Salix sp. as a host of this species without showing the source of information. Verzhutskij (1966) speculated that the host of  P. virescens was  Salix . As discussed by Shinohara (1995), this host record may be correct, but no decisive evidence is available. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F238AC4EFF67FA89FE27ABFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F239AC4EFF67FED9FCFFAF5A.text	FB3C87F1F239AC4EFF67FED9FCFFAF5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius inanitus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius inanitus group </p>
            <p>The members of this species group are characterized as follows: upper part of head glabrous; facial crest in male very strongly swollen, very bluntly carinate; antennal flagellomere 1 0.9–1.4 × length of flagellomere 2; right mandible tridentate but incision between middle and apical teeth very shallow or bidentate with only basal shoulder to apical tooth; left mandible tridentate with low middle tooth; wings hyaline; forewing with cell C pilose; femora entirely pale. Ovipositor sheath appendage very small, pilose. Male genitalia (Fig. 80f, g): proximal ventral arm of gonostipes normal; apiceps short and narrow; valviceps in lateral view rather short, apex directed above, ventral margin more or less rounded, without conspicuous dorsoapical process.</p>
            <p> Only two closely related species are known from the Palaearctic region (Shinohara 2002b), of which one,  P. hilaris , occurs in the Russian Far East and Korea. </p>
            <p> Six sequences of two species were treated in the COI analysis and one specimen of one species in the NaK analysis. In the COI analysis (Fig. 143), the  P. inanitus group was retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support and had a sister relationship (with 91% UFBoot support) with the clade composed of the  P. brevicornis and  P. gyllenhali subgroups of the  P. histrio group. This clade (  P. inanitus group +  P. brevicornis and  P. gyllenhali subgroups of  P. histrio group) was the sister group of the  P. betulae subgroup of the  P. histrio group but with low UFBoot value of 84%. In other words, the  P. inanitus group was placed within the  P. histrio group. In the NaK analysis (Fig. 157), the  P. inanitus group was recovered as the sister of the clade represented by the  P. histrio and  P. sulphureipes groups with 100% UFBoot support. The affinity of the  P. inanitus group is still uncertain, but it appears closer to the  P. histrio and  P. sulphureipes groups, rather than to the  P. sylvaticus group as suggested by Shinohara (2002b). </p>
            <p> The larvae of this species group feed on  Rosaceae (Rosa) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F239AC4EFF67FED9FCFFAF5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F239AC4DFF67FB39FA2FA962.text	FB3C87F1F239AC4DFF67FB39FA2FA962.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius hilaris (Eversmann 1847)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius hilaris (Eversmann, 1847)</p>
            <p>(Figs 79, 80) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405190)</p>
            <p> Lyda hilaris Eversmann, 1847: 61 . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius hilaris: Gussakovskij, 1935: 170 , 378; Shinohara, 1971: 25 [“ hiralis ”]; Beneš, 1974: 308, 313; Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 277; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara, 2002a: 189; Shinohara, 2002b: 431; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 35; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 930, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 87; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Shinohara, 2019: 9; Shinohara, 2020: 12, 243; Shinohara, 2021: 123. </p>
            <p> Lectotype designation. Gussakovskij (1935) examined only one specimen in Eversmann’s material (“Mir liegt nur das typische Stück von Eversmann vor”) and Beneš (1972) treated it as the holotype. However, Eversmann’s (1847) type material should be a syntype, because he did not mention the number of specimens he had for description. We hereby designate the specimen in ZISP as the lectotype. The head of the lectotype is missing. The abdominal segments 1–5 are yellow (Eversmann started counting the abdominal segments with 2, accordingly he wrote “segmentis 2–6 fulvis” in the original description). The lectotype is labelled as follows: “Spask Jun”, “hilaris.”, “  Pamphilius hilaris Ev ♀ Gussakovskij det.”, “село Спасское Оренбургской губ.” (= village Spasskoe, oblast Orenburg, 52.017°N 56.567°E), “  Lyda hilaris Ev. к. Эверсмана”, golden circle, “ Syntype  Lyda hilaris Eversmann 1847 vide A. Taeger 2014”, “DEI-GISHym 30352” (see https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405190). </p>
            <p> Material examined. About 210 specimens, including the lectotype. Ten specimens are known from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (Fig. 79, DEI-GISHym 88046), Anisimovka 7 km S, Mt. Litovka, 1200m,  43.102°N 132.786°E, 19. VI . 2017, V .   Loktionov (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m,  Odaesan Mts ., 31. V  . 1992 , A. Shinohara (Fig. 80, NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 29. V  . 1993 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 31. V  . 1993 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ (NSMT 30860), same locality, 28. V  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Orenburg Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Yakutia, Kamchatka Kraj, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin), China (Shaanxi), Japan (Honshu) (Shinohara &amp; Lee 2010). South Korea (new record).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Rosa multiflora Thunb. (Shinohara 1971, 2021). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species belongs to the  P. inanitus group (Shinohara 2002b) and is similar to the European  P. inanitus both in morphology and life history, including the rose-feeding larva making a specialized leaf roll (Lorenz &amp; Kraus 1957; Shinohara 1971, 2021). The female of the two species may be separated by the color pattern of the dorsal and lateral part of the head, which is mostly black in  P. inanitus and mostly orange in  P. hilaris . The previously undescribed male of  P. hilaris is distinguished from the other East Asian congeners by the characters given in the key, whereas it is not separable for the moment from that of  P. inanitus . Our molecular analysis, however, showed that the four European specimens of  P. inanitus differed from the two Russian and Korean specimens of  P. hilaris by a minimum of 4.2% in the COI sequences (Fig. 143), which was large enough for us to regard the two sets of specimens as belonging to different species. </p>
            <p>The four male specimens from Korea listed above represent the first record of this species from the country.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F239AC4DFF67FB39FA2FA962	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FB15FBFCADB8.text	FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FB15FBFCADB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius latifrons (Fallen 1808)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius latifrons (Fallén, 1808)</p>
            <p>(Figs 92, 93) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16923082)</p>
            <p> Lyda latifrons Fallén, 1808: 226 ; Shinohara et al., 2003: 34; Opinion, ICZN, 2005: 49. </p>
            <p> Lyda maculosa Zaddach, 1866: 166 . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius latifrons: Kirby, 1882: 338 ; Konow, 1897a: 26, 32; Gussakovskij, 1935: 174, 375; Verzhutskij, 1966: 27; Beneš, 1976: 162; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 40; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Taeger et al., 1998: 105; Shinohara et al., 2003: 34; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 35; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 939, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 88; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 104. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius maculosus: Shinohara, 2002b: 429 ; Shinohara et al., 2003: 34 (syn. of  latifrons ). </p>
            <p>Material examined. Eight specimens, including one from the Russian Far East (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Europe, Kazakhstan, East Siberia, Primorskij Kraj (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Salicaceae :  Populus tremula ,  Salix caprea (Taeger et al. 1998) . </p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a rare species, with only one collection record from the Russian Far East (Primorskij Kraj) (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007). Shinohara (2002b) placed this species in his  P. maculosus [=  latifrons ] group emphasizing its isolated position in the genus. No molecular data for this species are available. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FB15FBFCADB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FD21FBC6AF37.text	FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FD21FBC6AF37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius latifrons (Fallen 1808)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius latifrons group </p>
            <p>The member of this species group is characterized as follows: upper part of head pilose; facial crest in male rather strongly swollen, bluntly carinate; antennal flagellomere 1 1.7–2.2 × length of flagellomere 2; right mandible bidentate with only basal shoulder to apical tooth; left mandible tridentate, but middle tooth low; wings hyaline; forewing with cell C glabrous; femora entirely pale. Ovipositor sheath appendage small, inconspicuous. Male genitalia (Fig. 93g): proximal ventral arm of gonostipes normal; apiceps very broad; valviceps rather long, bent outwardly and directed below, without conspicuous dorsoapical process.</p>
            <p> Only one Palaearctic species is known (Shinohara 2002b), which occurs in the Russian Far East. It was formerly regarded as an isolated member of the  P. vafer group (Beneš 1976) or the  P. histrio group (Achterberg &amp; Aartsen 1986). No molecular data are available. The larvae feed on  Salicaceae (  Populus ,  Salix ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23AAC4DFF67FD21FBC6AF37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23AAC4CFF67F89FFE93A986.text	FB3C87F1F23AAC4CFF67F89FFE93A986.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius sulphureipes Kirby 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius sulphureipes group </p>
            <p>The members of this species group are characterized as follows: upper part of head glabrous; facial crest in male very strongly swollen, bluntly carinate; antennal flagellomere 2 1.8–2.9 × length of flagellomere 1; right mandible tridentate but incision between middle and apical teeth shallow or bidentate with only basal shoulder to apical tooth; left mandible tridentate with low middle tooth; wings hyaline; forewing with cell C glabrous or pilose; femora entirely pale. Subgenital plate in male without large setose appendage. Ovipositor sheath appendage slender subconical, pilose. Male genitalia (Figs. 70h, 120g, 136g, h): proximal ventral arm of gonostipes normal; apiceps narrow or broad; valviceps in lateral view rather short, apex directed upwards, ventral margin more or less rounded, without conspicuous dorsoapical process.</p>
            <p>Five East Asian species, two represented by two subspecies, are included (Shinohara 2002b). Three species have been recorded in the Russian Far East and Korea.</p>
            <p> Twenty sequences of four species were treated in the COI analysis and nine sequences of three species in the NaK analysis. In both analyses (Figs 144, 158), the  P. sulphureipes group was retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot value. In both trees, the relationship ((  P. coreanus +  P. sulphureipes ) +  P. zhelochovtsevi ) was supported by 99 or 100% UFBoot value on each node, and in the COI analysis, an additional species,  P. ishikawai Shinohara, 1979 , from Japan, was recovered as sister to the clade of the three species, again with 100% UFBoot support. </p>
            <p> A host plant is known only for  P. ishikawai , whose larvae are solitary leaf-rollers on  Saxifragaceae (Astilbe) (Shinohara et al. 2016a). The other four members of this species group may also be associated with the plants of  Saxifragaceae . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23AAC4CFF67F89FFE93A986	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4CFF67FD45FBBBADFA.text	FB3C87F1F23BAC4CFF67FD45FBBBADFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius coreanus Takeuchi 1938	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius coreanus Takeuchi, 1938</p>
            <p>(Figs 69, 70) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405181)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius (Anoplolyda) coreanus Takeuchi, 1938: 225 ; Kim, 1970: 125. </p>
            <p> Anoplolyda frontimacula Malaise, 1943: 126 ; Shinohara, 1981: 173 (syn. of  coreanus ). </p>
            <p> Pamphilius frontimaculus: Shinohara, 1979: 152 . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius coreanus: Kim, 1963: 278 ; Shinohara, 1979: 155; Shinohara, 1993: 116; Kim et al., 1994: 218; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 215; Shinohara, 2002b: 425; Shinohara, 2004: 263; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 934, 941; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Lee et al., 2019: 9; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021a: 61. </p>
            <p>For more references, see Shinohara (1981).</p>
            <p> Material examined. About 210 specimens, including the holotype, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Takeuchi 1938; Malaise 1943; Shinohara 1979, 1993; Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a; present work). New collection data:  RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀, (Fig. 69, DEI-GISHym 86267), Arsenyev, SkiBase Bodrost, 200m, 44.122°N 133.270°E, 25. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU017 (SDEI);  1♀, Arsenyev,  Ski-Base Bodrost , 200m, 44.122°N 133.270°E, 26. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU018 (SDEI).   SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 6♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m,  Odaesan Mts ., 29. V.–1. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT);  1♀ 1♂, same locality, 6. VI. 1996, J.-W. Kim (NSMT); 4♂, same locality, 6–7. VI. 1997, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4♂, same locality, 27–28. V. 1998, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀, same locality, 31. V. 1998, H.-S. Lee (NSMT); 2♀ 29♂, same locality, 24. V.–3. VI. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂ (NSMT 30753), same locality, 1. VI. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♂ (NSMT 30857, 30863), same locality, 31. V.–1. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT);  1♀,  Chuncheon , 23. V. 2002, H.-J. Kim (NSMT).   Jeollanam-do: Mt. Nogodan, 1200m,  Jirisan Mts ., 26–28. V. 1997, A. Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea (Shinohara 1993).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a member of the  P. sulphureipes group and most closely related to  P. sulphureipes , as discussed above. The maximum intraspecific p -distance within  P. coreanus from Primorskij Kraj and Korea was 0.2% in COI (n=4) and 0.4% in NaK (n=4) and the nearest neighbour was  P. sulphureipes sulphureipes , diverging by a minimum of 3.0% in COI analysis and by a minimum of 0.9% in NaK analysis. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23BAC4CFF67FD45FBBBADFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23BAC4BFF67F8D9FE83A8B1.text	FB3C87F1F23BAC4BFF67F8D9FE83A8B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius sulphureipes subsp. sulphureipes Kirby 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius sulphureipes sulphureipes Kirby, 1882</p>
            <p>(Figs 119, 120) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405298)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius sulphureipes Kirby, 1882: 343 ; Gussakovskij, 1935: 178, 376; Beneš, 1974: 309, 313; Shinohara, 1979: 152; Kim et al., 1994: 217; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Paek et al., 2010: 161. </p>
            <p> P amphilius  viriditibialis var. aino Takeuchi, 1936a: 62 ; Takeuchi, 1936b: 164 (syn. of  sulphureipes ). </p>
            <p> Pamphilius sulphureipes sulphureipes: Shinohara, 1993: 113 ; Shinohara, 2002b: 425; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 934, 941; Taeger et al., 2010: 90; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 11. </p>
            <p>See Shinohara (1979) for more synonyms and references.</p>
            <p> Material examined. Sixty-three specimens, including the holotype, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Beneš 1974; Shinohara 1979, 1993; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀, Ussurijskij Reserve, 9–12. VI  . 1995 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 3♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m,  Odaesan Mts ., 4–6. VI  . 1996 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 12♂ (incl. NSMT 30606), same locality, 29. V.–4. VI  . 2002 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 3♂ (NSMT 30751–3), same locality, 1. VI  . 2008 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 6♂ (incl. NSMT 30859), same locality, 28. V.–5. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 11. VI  . 2010 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (“Amour, Siberia”, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin), North and South Korea.</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a member of the  P. sulphureipes group (Shinohara, 1993). The maximum intraspecific p - distance within  P. sulphureipes sulphureipes from Korea was 0.2% in COI (n=5) and 0.4% in NaK (n=4) and the nearest neighbour was  P. coreanus , diverging by a minimum of 3.0% in the COI analysis and by a minimum of 0.9% in the NaK analysis. </p>
            <p> Without giving the source of information, Sundukov &amp; Lelej (2012) simply noted “larvae on  Rosa (Rosaceae) ” under the present subspecies. Most probably this is a lapsus. The closely related  P. ishikawai from Japan is associated with  Astilbe spp. (Saxifragaceae) (Shinohara et al. 2016a) and these are more likely host plants of  P. sulphureipes sulphureipes . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23BAC4BFF67F8D9FE83A8B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23CAC4BFF67FB90FB0CAC6A.text	FB3C87F1F23CAC4BFF67FB90FB0CAC6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius zhelochovtsevi subsp. zhelochovtsevi Benes 1974	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius zhelochovtsevi zhelochovtsevi Beneš, 1974</p>
            <p>(Figs 135, 136) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405343)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius zhelochovtsevi Beneš, 1974: 306 , 313; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius zhelochovtsevi zhelochovtsevi: Shinohara, 1993: 118 ; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 218; Shinohara, 2002b: 425; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 935, 941; Taeger et al., 2010: 91; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 110; Sundukov, 2017: 106; Lee et al., 2019: 11. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Thirty-one specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East and Korea (Beneš 1974; Shinohara 1993; Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This species was described from Primorskij Kraj by Beneš (1974) and later recorded from Korea by Shinohara (1993), who also described a Japanese subspecies,  P. zhelochovtsevi nipponicus Shinohara, 1993 , from Honshu. Sundukov (2015) newly recorded  P. zhelochovtsevi nipponicus from Kunashiri and Shikotan Islands and noted “Larvae on  Rosa (Shinohara 1993) ” (original in Russian).  Pamphilius zhelochovtsevi nipponicus has been recorded only from Honshu, not in Hokkaido, and the nominotypical subspecies is distributed in Primorskij Kraj and Korea (Shinohara 1993). The occurrence of this species (and subspecies) in southern Kuriles is not likely and needs confirmation. Sundukov’s (2015) host record is inexplicable and erroneous because Shinohara (1993) never mentioned the host plant of  P. zhelochovtsevi nipponicus , which is still unknown. </p>
            <p> Molecular data were available only for Japanese specimens of  P. zhelochovtsevi nipponicus (two COI sequences and one NaK sequence). In the COI analysis, the nearest neighbour was  P. sulphureipes sulphureipes , diverging by a minimum of 3.4%, while in the NaK analysis, the nearest neighbour was  P. coreanus , with the minimum distance of 1.5%.  Pamphilius zhelochovtsevi is a member of the  P. sulphureipes group (Shinohara 1993), which was retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot supports in our COI and NaK analyses (Figs 144, 158). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23CAC4BFF67FB90FB0CAC6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FB38FF13ACE2.text	FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FB38FF13ACE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius alnicola Ermolenko 1973	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius alnicola Ermolenko, 1973</p>
            <p>(Figs 52, 53) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405109)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius alnicola Ermolenko, 1973: 24 ; Beneš, 1977: 263; Shinohara, 1985a: 327; Shinohara, 1988a: 318; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 1993: 546; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 274; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara, 2001: 113, 115; Shinohara, 2002a: 189; Shinohara, 2002b: 429; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 274; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 931, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 108; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Shinohara, 2019: 8; Shinohara, 2020: 14, 244. </p>
            <p>“ P. sp. n.”: Beneš, 1974: 313.</p>
            <p>Material examined. About 85 specimens, including one specimen from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1988a).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), Japan (Hokkaido, Shikotan Is., Honshu) (Shinohara 1988a).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Betulaceae :  Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Turcz. ex Rupr. (Shinohara &amp; Hara 1993, 2005). </p>
            <p> Remarks. Shinohara (1988a) gave a collection record of one female specimen from Primorskij Kraj (Tedjuche = Dal’negorsk district) and no additional specimens have been available from the continent. The species is uncommon throughout its distribution range. The larvae are gregarious leaf rollers on  Alnus (Shinohara &amp; Hara 1993) . </p>
            <p> This is a member of the  P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 1985 a, 1988 a, 2001, 2002b). The maximum intraspecific p -distance within  P. alnicola is 0.5% in COI (n=2) and 0.1% in NaK (n=2).  Pamphilius alnicola was retrieved as the sister of  P. montanus Shinohara, 1985 , with UFBoot support of 82% in the COI tree (Fig. 145), whereas it was retrieved as the sister of the clade consisting of  P. benesi Shinohara, 1985 ,  P. pallidus Shinohara, 1988 ,  P. volatilis (Smith, 1874) ,  P. gracilis Shinohara, 1985 ,  P. graciloides sp. nov. and  P. montanus with UFBoot support of 99% in the NaK tree (Fig. 159). In the distance data, the nearest neighbour of  P. alnicola was  P. volatilis , diverging by a minimum of 4.9% in the COI analysis and  P. montanus and  P. volatilis by a minimum of 0.6% in the NaK analysis. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FB38FF13ACE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FF04FC3EAF5A.text	FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FF04FC3EAF5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius sylvaticus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius sylvaticus group </p>
            <p>The members of this species group are characterized as follows: upper part of head pilose or glabrous; facial crest in male moderately to very strongly swollen, sharply carinate; antennal flagellomere 1 1.0–1.4 × length of flagellomere 2; right mandible bidentate with only basal shoulder to apical tooth; left mandible tridentate, but middle tooth low; wings hyaline; forewing with cell C glabrous or pilose; femora entirely pale or marked with black. Ovipositor sheath appendage usually large, pilose. Male genitalia (e.g., Figs 53g, h, 65g, h, 76g, h): proximal ventral arm of gonostipes normal; harpe large, outer basal part with long hairs; apiceps narrow, hooked at apex; valviceps in lateral view rather short, apex directed above, ventral margin more or less rounded, without conspicuous dorsoapical process, in dorsal view tapered toward pointed apex.</p>
            <p> This species group contains 22 species, one with two subspecies, in the Holarctic region (Shinohara 2002b; present work). Eleven species are known to occur in the Russian Far East and Korea. Verzhutskij (1966) recorded  Pamphilius sylvaticus (Linné, 1758) from the Baikal region based only on larvae. This may need confirmation. Popov (2015) also recorded  P. sylvaticus from Yakutia. </p>
            <p> A total of 86 sequences of 14 species were treated in the COI analysis and 43 sequences of nine species in the NaK analysis. In the COI analysis (Figs 15, 145–147), the  P. sylvaticus group, except for  P. japonicus and  P. ocreatus , was recovered as monophyletic with UFBoot support of 95%.  Pamphilius japonicus (six sequences available) was retrieved as forming the sister group of a large branch containing all  Pamphilius (except for the  P. sylvaticus group) and  Onycholyda . While  P. japonicus was placed in the  P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 1985a), it is a rather isolated species with an unusual host association with  Cornus (Cornaceae) (Shinohara et al. 2019).  Pamphilius ocreatus is a little-known Nearctic species and was recovered as the sister of the  P. basilaris group with low UFBoot support of 75%, not close to the other species of the  P. sylvaticus group. The systematic position of  P. japonicus and  P. ocreatus should be further investigated with more material. In the NaK analysis (Figs 16, 159), for which specimens of  P. ocreatus were not available, the  P. sylvaticus group, including  P. japonicus , was retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support. </p>
            <p> The known host plants of the species of the  P. sylvaticus group are  Rosaceae (  Cerasus ,  Sorbus ,  Fragaria , etc.),  Betulaceae (  Alnus ,  Carpinus and  Corylus ) and  Cornaceae (Cornus) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23DAC4AFF67FF04FC3EAF5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FF04FD99A805.text	FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FF04FD99A805.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius benesi Shinohara 1985	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius benesi Shinohara, 1985</p>
            <p>(Figs 64, 65) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405151)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius benesi Shinohara, 1985a: 327 ; Shinohara, 1988a: 319; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 1997b: 851; Shinohara, 2001: 108, 113, 116; Shinohara, 2002a: 189; Shinohara, 2002b: 429; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 274; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Shinohara, 2013: 94; Lee et al., 2019: 9; Shinohara, 2019: 9; Shinohara, 2020: 14, 245. </p>
            <p> Material examined.   About 340 specimens, including the type series.  Seventy-two specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara 2001)  . </p>
            <p>Distribution. South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) (Shinohara 2001).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Betulaceae :  Corylus sieboldiana Blume var. sieboldiana (Shinohara &amp; Hara 1997b, 2005). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species belongs to the  P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 1985 a, 1988 a, 2001, 2002b). From Korea, only a series of male specimens collected in 1992 and 1993 have been recorded (Shinohara 2001) and no material for molecular studies was available. The larvae are gregarious leaf rollers on  Corylus . </p>
            <p> The maximum intraspecific p -distance within  P. benesi from Japan was 2.2% in COI (n=7) and 0.6% in NaK (n=7) and the nearest neighbour was  P. pallidus , diverging by a minimum of 2.9% in the COI analysis, and by a minimum of 0.5% in the NaK analysis. In both COI and NaK trees (Figs 145, 159),  P. benesi was the sister of  P. pallidus with 100% UFBoot support. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FF04FD99A805	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FCC4FE22AE36.text	FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FCC4FE22AE36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius convexus Shinohara 1988	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius convexus Shinohara, 1988</p>
            <p>(Fig. 68) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16934371)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius convexus Shinohara, 1988a: 316 ; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 218; Shinohara, 2001: 114; Shinohara, 2002b: 430; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 933; Taeger et al., 2010: 87; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Lee et al., 2019: 9. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Five specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1988a; Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), South Korea (Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is known only from five specimens collected in the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997). Shinohara (1988 a, 2002b) placed it in the  P. sylvaticus group. No molecular data have been available for analysis. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FCC4FE22AE36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FA14FA8DACD2.text	FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FA14FA8DACD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius daisenus Takeuchi 1938	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius daisenus Takeuchi, 1938</p>
            <p>(Figs 73, 74) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405172)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius daisenus Takeuchi, 1938: 221 ; Shinohara, 1985a: 332; Shinohara, 1988a: 319; Shinohara, 2001: 109, 114, 115; Shinohara, 2002b: 430; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Shinohara et al., 2016b: 123; Lee et al., 2019: 9; Shinohara, 2019: 9; Shinohara, 2020: 16, 246; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021b: 197. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Twenty-one specimens, including the holotype. Two specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara 2001; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021b).</p>
            <p>Distribution. South Korea, Japan (Honshu) (Shinohara 2001).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald var. kamtschaticus (Maxim.) H. Hara ,  Spiraea japonica L.f. (Shinohara et al. 2016b). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species was described from Honshu, Japan (Takeuchi 1938) and later recorded from Korea (Shinohara 2001; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021b). The larvae are oligophagous solitary leaf-rollers on  Aruncus and  Spiraea (Rosaceae) in Japan (Shinohara et al. 2016b). Molecular data are not available from the Korean specimens, but the eight COI sequences from the Japanese material formed a clade which was sister to  P. gracilis +  P. graciloides with 98 % UFBoot support (Fig. 145), diverging by a minimum of 4.9 % from both species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23EAC49FF67FA14FA8DACD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F23FAC57FF67FF04FD1CAF54.text	FB3C87F1F23FAC57FF67FF04FD1CAF54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius graciloides Shinohara & Kramp & Taeger 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius graciloides sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 75, 76) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405232)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius gracilis: Shinohara, 2001: 110 , 114, 115; Shinohara, 2002b: 430; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Lee et al., 2019: 9. Not Shinohara, 1985a, in part. </p>
            <p>Description. Female (Fig. 75). Length about 11.5 mm. Head black, with following pale yellow: linear mark along median anterior margin of clypeus, paired spots on frons, spot on upper margin of inner orbit, spot on posterior margin of postocular area, elongate spot on gena along lower outer orbit; mandible black, with outer basal part and subapical part pale yellow and apex dark rufous; antenna black. Thorax black, with following pale yellow: large spot on ventral margin of lateral pronotum, posterolateral corner of dorsal pronotum, tegula, posterior half of mesoscutal middle lobe, mesoscutellum, minute spot on anterodorsal corner of mesepisternum, metascutellum; legs pale yellow, with fore coxa (except for narrow apical margin), fore trochanter and basal half of fore femur (except for anterior surface of trochantellus), mid coxa (except for apical margin) and hind coxa (except for broad apical part) black. Wings hyaline, slightly tinted with blackish brown; veins and stigma black. Abdomen black, with outer margin of each laterotergite and posterior margin of each sternum (more broadly on sterna 4–7) pale yellow.</p>
            <p>Frons rather strongly swollen; ocellar basin subtriangular, represented as broad furrow around median ocellus; upper frons not distinctly notched medially; frontoclypeal crest rather flat, rounded, swollen between antennal sockets; facial crest strongly convex, rounded. Upper part of head behind transverse and lateral transverse sutures smooth, weakly coriaceous, with sparse and small punctures; frons, area from facial crest to lateral transverse suture, and paraantennal field shallowly coarsely rugose; clypeus with distinct medium-sized punctures, with interspaces coriaceous medially and coarsely rugose laterally; gena coriaceous, with rather small, often ill-defined punctures; head covered with rather short silvery hairs before crassa. Antennae with 23 antennomeres; flagellomere 1 1.1 × length of flagellomere 2. Forewing with cell C pilose all over. Ovipositor sheath as in Fig. 75c; appendage large and elongate, setose apically.</p>
            <p>Male (Fig. 76). Length about 8–10 mm. Head black; pale yellow are frontal surface before line connecting facial crests, minute spot at upper margin of inner orbit (sometimes missing) and most of gena and malar space (median part of malar space always black); mandible pale yellow, inner half usually black and apex dark rufous; scape pale yellow, with large black spot above; pedicel and flagellum blackish brown. Thorax black, with following pale yellow: large spot on ventral margin of lateral pronotum (sometimes small), posterolateral corner of dorsal pronotum (often narrowly), tegula, posterior half of mesoscutal middle lobe, mesoscutellum, broad anterior margin and large posterolateral spot on mesepisternum (often reduced or missing), metascutellum, and large spot on metepisternum; legs pale yellow, with most of coxae black; fore femur often obscurely marked with black posteriorly. Wings hyaline, slightly stained with blackish brown; veins and stigma black. Abdomen black, with most of laterotergites, broad posterior margin of each sternum and entire subgenital plate pale yellow. Genitalia black; harpe largely pale brown.</p>
            <p>Structure generally similar to that of female. Frons very strongly swollen; ocellar basin often indistinct anteriorly; upper frons very shallowly notched medially; facial crest very strongly convex, bluntly carinate. Antennae with 22–23 antennomeres; flagellomere 1 1.0–1.1 × length of flagellomere 2 and slightly thinner in lateral view than the latter, with apex weakly oblique. Subgenital plate with apical margin broadly truncated. Genitalia as in Figs 76g, h; penis valve short and elongate-subtriangular seen from above.</p>
            <p>
                 Material examined. Eighteen specimens.  Holotype: ♂ (Fig. 76), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m, Odaesan Mts., Gangwon-do, South Korea, 6. VI. 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT). Paratypes: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 88016), Anisimovka 7 km S,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.786/lat 43.102)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.786&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.102">Mt. Litovka</a>
                 , 1200m, 43.102°N 132.786°E, 16. VI. 2016, V.   Loktionov (NSMT). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1,300 m,  Odaesan Mts ., 6. VI  . 1997 , J.-W. Kim (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 23. V  . 2002 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 29. V  . 2002 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4♂ (incl. NSMT 30603), same locality, 4. VI  . 2002 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♂ (NSMT 30747, 30748), same locality, 26. V  . 2008 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂ (NSMT 30850), same locality, 27. V  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂ (NSMT 30851), same locality, 31. V  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂ (NSMT 30852), same locality, 4. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 5. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 13. VI  . 2010 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 17. VI  . 2010 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.</p>
            <p> Host plant. Unknown. The closely related Japanese species  P. gracilis feeds on  Sorbus (Shinohara &amp; Hara 1992) . </p>
            <p> Etymology. The new specific epithet is  gracilis plus a suffix, - oides, suggesting a species resembling  gracilis . </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Pamphilius graciloides closely resembles  P. gracilis Shinohara, 1985 , from Japan and Shinohara (2001) recorded it as “  P. gracilis ” from South Korea. Because of the existence of recognizable, though small differences in colour pattern in both sexes and quite a large difference in COI sequences, we here treat the continental and Japanese populations as representing different species,  P. graciloides and  P. gracilis . </p>
            <p> Shinohara (2001) discussed the variation of “  P. gracilis ” in detail and pointed out that the three Korean male specimens then available (now identified as  P. graciloides ) were darker in colour pattern than the 17 Japanese male specimens examined (  P. gracilis ). Examination of the additional 11 males from Korea listed above (  P. graciloides ) has shown that the differences in color pattern are fairly stable. The female of  P. graciloides (only one Russian specimen available) is slightly different in colour pattern from those of  P. gracilis , as shown below. </p>
            <p> In the analysis of COI sequences (Fig. 145), each of  P. graciloides and  P. gracilis was retrieved as a clade with 100% UFBoot support and they formed a clade with 100% UFBoot support. The minimum distance (4.0%) between the two species was much larger than the interspecific distance between closely related congeners, such as  P. albopictus and  P. kamikochensis Takeuchi, 1930 (2.0%) or  P. benesi and  P. pallidus (2.9%). In the NaK analysis (Fig. 159), the available specimens of  P. graciloides and  P. gracilis were not separable but altogether formed a monophyletic group with 100% UFBoot support.  Pamphilius graciloides and  P. gracilis clearly show a large genetic differentiation in COI, though they are not clearly differentiated in NaK sequences. </p>
            <p> The female of  P. graciloides is similar to  P. gracilis , but the base of the fore femur, including the trochantellus, is almost all black, and the mesepisternum has only a small pale yellow spot on the anterodorsal corner. In  P. gracilis , the base of the fore femur is also blackish but the trochantellus is mostly pale yellow and the entire anterior margin of the mesepisternum is pale yellow. The male of  P. graciloides has the mesepisternum mostly or entirely black with at most small pale-yellow marks and the malar space medially marked with black, whereas  P. gracilis has the mesepisternum largely marked with pale yellow and the malar space entirely pale yellow. One specimen of  P. gracilis from Shiga-kogen, Honshu, which was referred to by Shinohara (2001), has an exceptionally dark colour pattern and is almost indistinguishable from  P. graciloides . The maximum intraspecific p -distance in  P. graciloides was 0.8% in COI (n=7) and 0.2% in NaK (n=5). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F23FAC57FF67FF04FD1CAF54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F220AC56FF67FB39FE21AA42.text	FB3C87F1F220AC56FF67FB39FE21AA42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius montanus subsp. pulcher Shinohara 1988	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius montanus pulcher Shinohara, 1988</p>
            <p>(Figs 104, 105) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405259)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius pulcher Shinohara, 1988a: 311 ; Shinohara, 1991b: 113; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius montanus pulcher: Shinohara, 2001: 106 , 113, 115; Shinohara, 2002b: 430; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 932, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 89; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 10; Shinohara, 2019: 11; Shinohara, 2020: 14, 244. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Sixty specimens, including the type series. Forty-three specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara 1988b; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♂ (NSMT 30749), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 26. V. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂ (NSMT 30853), same locality, 2. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT). See Shinohara (1988 a, 2001) for more collection data.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Yakutia), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido) (Shinohara 2001).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a member of the  P. sylvaticus group defined by Shinohara (1985 a, 2002b). Shinohara (1988a) described this subspecies as a full species but Shinohara (2001) treated it as a subspecies of  P. montanus Shinohara, 1985 . </p>
            <p> In our molecular analysis, the maximum intrasubspecific p -distance among specimens from Korea and Hokkaido, Japan, was 1.5% in COI (n=4) and 0.2% in NaK (n=3). The minimum distance to the specimens of the nominotypical  P. montanus montanus from Honshu, Japan, was 3.7% in COI and 0.1% in NaK. The nearest neighbour was  P. volatilis , diverging by a minimum of 4.1% in the COI analysis, and  P. alnicola , diverging by a minimum of 0.6% in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 145), each of  P. montanus , P. m.  montanus and P. m.  pulcher was retrieved as monophyletic with UFBoot support of 100% and  P. montanus was sister to  P. alnicola with UFBoot support of 82%. In the NaK tree (Fig. 159), P. m.  montanus (n=2) was retrieved as monophyletic with UFBoot support of 100%, but P. m.  pulcher (n=3) was not, while all the specimens of  P. montanus (n=5) formed a clade with UFBoot support of 93% and the clade consisting of  P. gracilis and  P. graciloides was retrieved as sister to  P. montanus with very low UFBoot support of 70%. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius montanus pulcher is probably associated with  Sorbus (Rosaceae) because the larvae of the nominotypical subspecies from Honshu, Japan, are gregarious web-spinners on  Sorbus commixta Hedl. (Rosaceae) (Shinohara &amp; Kojima 2011). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F220AC56FF67FB39FE21AA42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FE01FDF3A82D.text	FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FE01FDF3A82D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius ochrostigma Shinohara 2001	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius ochrostigma Shinohara, 2001</p>
            <p>(Fig. 106) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405262)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius ochrostigma Shinohara, 2001: 100 , 115; Shinohara, 2002b: 430; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Taeger et al., 2010: 89; Lee et al., 2019: 10. </p>
            <p> Material examined.  Forty-four specimens (type series) from South Korea (Shinohara 2001) . </p>
            <p>Distribution. South Korea (Shinohara 2001).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a Korean endemic species known only from the males collected between 1989 and 1993 at the same locality. It belongs to the  P. sylvaticus group and is close to  P. volatilis and  P. benesi , as discussed by Shinohara (2001). No molecular data are available. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FE01FDF3A82D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FCECFCB6AD59.text	FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FCECFCB6AD59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius pallidus Shinohara 1988	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius pallidus Shinohara, 1988</p>
            <p>(Fig. 107) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405265)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius pallidus Shinohara, 1988a: 308 ; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2001:114; Shinohara, 2002b: 430; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 38; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 932; Taeger et al., 2010: 89; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 10. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Four specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1988a; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32049), Komissarovo N, 130m, 45.000°N 131.788°E, 4. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU035 (SDEI).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Pamphilius pallidus was previously known only from three females from Primorskij Kraj and Korea (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007). It is a member of the  P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 2002b). In our molecular study, the nearest neighbour was  P. benesi , diverging by a minimum of 2.9% in the COI analysis and 0.5% in the NaK analysis.  Pamphilius pallidus was retrieved as sister to  P. benesi in both COI and NaK trees with 100% UFBoot support (Figs 145, 159). </p>
            <p>The newly collected female (Fig. 107) is very pale; the black marks on the head are greatly reduced and the reddish (orange) colour of the abdominal dorsum (on the segments 2 to 5) has faded to dirty cream, with only a very faint tint of orange remaining. The male is still unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F221AC56FF67FCECFCB6AD59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F221AC55FF67F938FAE0A85E.text	FB3C87F1F221AC55FF67F938FAE0A85E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius ussuriensis Shinohara 1988	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius ussuriensis Shinohara, 1988</p>
            <p>(Figs 123–126) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405316)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius ussuriensis Shinohara, 1988a: 314 ; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2001: 115; Shinohara, 2002b: 431; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 91; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius zinovjevi Shinohara, 1988a: 315 ; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2001: 111, 114; Shinohara, 2002b: 431; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 933; Taeger et al., 2010: 92; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 110; Sundukov, 2017: 106; Lee et al., 2019: 12. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Material examined. Ten specimens, including the holotypes of  P. ussuriensis and  P. zinovjevi , all from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1988 a, 2001; present work). New collection data:  RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (Fig. 123, DEI-GISHym 12972), Samarka, Gordeyevskaya Mtn., 70 km N Chuguyevka, 250 m, 44.46N 134.13E, 29. V. 1993, leg. A. Taeger (SDEI);  1♂ (Fig. 124, DEI-GISHym 21853),  Sikhote-Alin Reserve , Upper River Dzhigitovka, 44.970°N 136.080°E, 27. V. 2015, Sergeev (SDEI);   1♀ (Fig. 126a–c, DEI-GISHym 86348),  Rettihovka 9 km E, 170m, 44.178°N 132.877°E, 29. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU024 (SDEI)  . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Amurskaja Oblast', Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Pamphilius ussuriensis and  P. zinovjevi were described from the holotypes only. The holotype of  P. ussuriensis is a rather poorly preserved (discoloured) male specimen (Fig. 125) and that of  P. zinovjevi is an exceptionally small female specimen (Fig. 126d–f; Shinohara 1988a). Shinohara (2001) examined five additional females of  P. zinovjevi from Primorskij Kraj and South Korea and discussed the variation among them.  Pamphilius ussuriensis was only known from the holotype male until now. The COI sequences of the newly obtained specimens of  P. ussuriensis (a male, DEI-GISHym 21853, and a female, DEI-GISHym 86348, initially determined as  P. zinovjevi ) were retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support (Fig. 146). Though the two specimens diverged by 1.8% in COI, it now seems reasonable to regard them as different sexes of the same species and here we propose to treat  P. zinovjevi as a synonym of  P. ussuriensis . </p>
            <p> This species belongs to the  P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 2002b). Diverging by a minimum of 4.8% in the COI sequences, the nearest neighbour was  P. graciloides , according to our molecular analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 146),  P. ussuriensis and  P. jucundus (Eversmann, 1847) formed a monophyletic group with 99% UFBoot support. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F221AC55FF67F938FAE0A85E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC55FF67FC3DFE73AE4A.text	FB3C87F1F222AC55FF67FC3DFE73AE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius viridulus Shinohara 2001	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius viridulus Shinohara, 2001</p>
            <p>(Fig. 132) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405331)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius viridulus Shinohara, 2001: 102 , 114; Shinohara, 2002b: 431; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 933; Taeger et al., 2010: 91; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 106. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Two specimens (type series) from the Russian Far East.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Shinohara (2001) described  P. viridulus based on two females, and these are still the only known specimens of this species. Shinohara (2001, 2002b) placed this species in the  P. sylvaticus group. No molecular data for this species are available. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F222AC55FF67FC3DFE73AE4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F222AC54FF67FA08FB8DAAF7.text	FB3C87F1F222AC54FF67FA08FB8DAAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius volatilis (Smith 1874)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius volatilis (Smith, 1874)</p>
            <p>(Figs 133, 134) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405334)</p>
            <p> Lyda volatilis Smith, 1874: 384 . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius smithii Kirby, 1882: 343 . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius volatilis: Gussakovskij, 1935: 180 , 376; Beneš 1974: 308, 313; Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 278; Shinohara, 1985a: 348; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2001: 114, 115; Shinohara, 2002a: 192; Shinohara, 2002b: 431; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 273; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 933, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 91; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Shinohara, 2013: 96; Sundukov, 2017: 106; Lee et al., 2019: 11; Shinohara, 2019: 12; Shinohara, 2020: 15, 245. </p>
            <p> Material examined. About 1450 specimens, including the holotype, and 218 specimens from South Korea (Beneš 1974; Shinohara 1985a; National Museum of Nature and Science 2021; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 4♂ (NSMT 30744–30802), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 25–26. V  . 2008 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 30♂, same locality, 27. V.–5. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 11♂, same locality, 11–17. VI  . 2010 , A.  Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Cerasus spp. ,  Crataegus chlorosarca . </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species belongs to the  P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 1985 a, 2002b). It is fairly common in Japan and apparently also in South Korea (1110 Japanese specimens and 177 Korean specimens recorded by National Museum of Nature and Science 2021) but only two specimens were recorded from Primorskij Kraj (Beneš 1974). In both the COI and NaK analyses (Figs 145,159), the 11 specimens from Japan and Korea were retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support, though the intraspecific genetic variation was rather large. The maximum intraspecific p -distance was 2.4% in COI (n=11) and 0.5% in NaK (n=11). The nearest neighbour was P. m.  montanus diverging by a minimum of 4.1% in the COI analysis and  P. alnicola diverging by a minimum of 0.6% in the NaK analysis. In both COI and NaK trees (Figs 145, 159),  P. volatilis was retrieved as sister to the clade  P. benesi +  P. pallidus but with low UFBoot support, 82% in COI and 45% in NaK. </p>
            <p> The larvae are gregarious leaf-rollers on  Cerasus and  Crataegus (Rosaceae) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F222AC54FF67FA08FB8DAAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F223AC54FF67FDD5FEA0AD2F.text	FB3C87F1F223AC54FF67FDD5FEA0AD2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius vafer	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius vafer group </p>
            <p> The members of this species group are characterized as follows: upper part of head pilose; facial crest in male flattened to moderately swollen, rarely carinate; antennal flagellomere 1 1.0–3.9 × length of flagellomere 2; right mandible bidentate with only basal shoulder to apical tooth; left mandible tridentate with low middle tooth; wings hyaline; forewing with cell C glabrous or pilose; femora entirely pale (black-marked only in  P. nigrifemoratus ). Ovipositor sheath appendage various in shape, usually pilose. Male genitalia (e.g., Figs 57g, h, 59g, h, 78g, h, 89h, i): proximal ventral arm of gonostipes normal; apiceps various in shape; valviceps in lateral view rather long, apex directed downward, ventral margin usually more or less concave, without conspicuous dorsoapical process, in dorsal view distinctly swollen laterally at apex. </p>
            <p> This is a large species group comprising 36 species in the Holarctic region (Shinohara 2002b, 2003a, 2005; Shinohara &amp; Xiao 2006; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; present work). A total of 19 species are known from the Russian Far East and Korea. Shinohara (2002b) recognized ten subgroups. The Nearctic  P. ochreipes group (Shinohara 2002b) has much in common with the  P. vafer group and here we treat it as an additional subgroup of the latter. </p>
            <p> Here we used 168 sequences of 31 species of ten subgroups (  P. albopictus ,  P. balteatus ,  P. heecheonparki ,  P. norimbergensis ,  P. ochreipes ,  P. pallimacula ,  P. stramineipes ,  P. togashii ,  P. vafer and  P. varius subgroups) for the COI analysis and 99 sequences of 24 species of seven subgroups (  P. albopictus ,  P. balteatus ,  P. heecheonparki ,  P. stramineipes ,  P. togashii ,  P. vafer and  P. varius subgroups) in the NaK analysis. In the COI analysis (Figs 15, 149– 151), the  P. vafer group, excluding  P. kashmirensis Beneš, 1971 , and  P. norimbergensis , was recovered as monophyletic but with a low UFBoot value of 89%.  Pamphilius kashmirensis and  P. norimbergensis are little-known species, belonging to but rather isolated in the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b); their systematic position should be further studied with more material. In the NaK analysis (Figs 16, 160, 161), where  P. kashmirensis and  P. norimbergensis were not included, the  P. vafer group was recovered as monophyletic with 99% UFBoot support. Within the  P. vafer group, monophyly of each subgroup and relationships among the subgroups were not well resolved as detailed under the remarks on each species. </p>
            <p> The known host plants of the species of the  P. vafer group are  Rosaceae (  Cerasus ,  Sorbus ,  Rosa , etc.),  Betulaceae (  Alnus and  Betula ),  Caprifoliaceae (  Lonicera and  Macrodiervilla ),  Adoxaceae (Viburnum) and  Fagaceae (Quercus) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F223AC54FF67FDD5FEA0AD2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F223AC53FF67F9EDFE9AAFB0.text	FB3C87F1F223AC53FF67F9EDFE9AAFB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius albopictus (Thomson 1871)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius albopictus (Thomson, 1871)</p>
            <p>(Figs 50, 51) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.15709641)</p>
            <p> Lyda albo-picta Thomson, 1871: 312 . </p>
            <p> Lyda albopicta: André, 1881: 63 (syn. of  L. depressa [=  P. vafer ]). </p>
            <p> Pamphilius albopictus: Kirby, 1882: 337 ; Konow, 1897a: 25, 31 (syn. of  P. depressus [=  P vafer ]); Kangas, 1961: 69; Kangas &amp; Kangas, 1963: 267; Kangas &amp; Kangas, 1965: 31; Beneš, 1976: 160; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 36; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara, 1998: 233; Taeger et al. 1998: 104; Shinohara, 2002b: 428; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 85; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 108; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Lee et al., 2019: 8. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius vafer: Malaise, 1931 , p. 63 (not Linné, 1767, in part). </p>
            <p> Pamphilius altaicus Gussakovskij, 1935: 187 ; Beneš, 1976: 160 (syn. of  P. albopictus ). </p>
            <p> Pamphilius viridipes Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 45 ; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 1990: 95; Shinohara, 1998: 233 (syn. of  P. albopictus ). </p>
            <p>See Shinohara (1998) for more synonyms and references.</p>
            <p> Material examined. Sixty-one specimens, including the lectotype and 38 specimens from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1998; present work). New collection data:  RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (DEIGISHym 32036), Zharikovo 4km N, 120m, 44.643°N 131.681°E, 3. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU034 (SDEI);  1♀ (Fig. 51, DEI-GISHym 86124),  Gornotajozhnoe 1km E, 150m, 43.694°N 132.168°E, 19. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU006 (SDEI).   SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m,  Odaesan Mts ., 24. V. 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT);  2♀ (incl. NSMT 30865), same locality, 28. V.–1. VI. 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Europe across Siberia to Kamchatka Kraj and Primorskij Kraj, North and South Korea (Shinohara 1998).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Padus avium Mill. (Kangas 1961; Kangas &amp; Kangas 1965). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a widely distributed Eurosiberian species. It is probably thelytokous-parthenogenetic with no males (Shinohara 1998), a rare case in the  Pamphiliidae .  Pamphilius albopictus is one of the three species of the  Pamphiliidae known to be associated with  Padus . The other two are  P. kamikochensis Takeuchi, 1930 from Japan and  P. padus Shinohara, 2016 , from Zhejiang Province, China (Shinohara &amp; Wei 2016). </p>
            <p> Shinohara (1998) proposed the  P. albopictus subgroup of the  P. vafer group to include  P. albopictus ,  P. kamikochensis and  P. heecheonparki Shinohara, 1998 , from Korea and the Russian Far East, whereas Shinohara (2002b) recognized the  P. albopictus subgroup (  P. albopictus and  P. kamikochensis only) and the  P. heecheonparki subgroup (  P. heecheonparki only). In our COI molecular analysis (Fig. 148), the  P. albopictus subgroup s. str. (  P. albopictus ,  P. kamikochensis plus subsequently described  P. leleji Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007 ) was retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support and this clade was recovered as sister to  P. heecheonparki with 89% UFBoot support. In the NaK analysis (Figs 160–161), both of the clades  P. albopictus +  P. kamikochensis and  P. heecheonparki were recovered as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support, but their relationships were not clearly resolved. The maximum intraspecific p -distance within  P. albopictus was 0.8% in COI (n=4) and 0.2% in NaK (n=3) and the nearest neighbour was  P. kamikochensis , diverging by a minimum of 2.2% in COI analysis and by a minimum of 0.4% in NaK analysis. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F223AC53FF67F9EDFE9AAFB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F224AC52FF67FA97FC69ABFA.text	FB3C87F1F224AC52FF67FA97FC69ABFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius alnivorus Shinohara 2005	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius alnivorus Shinohara, 2005</p>
            <p>(Figs 54, 55) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405118)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius alnivorus Shinohara, 2005: 99 ; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 275; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 937, 942; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 108; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Shinohara, 2019: 8; Shinohara, 2020: 23, 253. </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined.   About 520 specimens, including the type series. Forty specimens are from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 2005; present work).  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.547/lat 44.953)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.547&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.953">New</a>
                 collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 21865),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.547/lat 44.953)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.547&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.953">Sikhote-Alin Reserve</a>
                 :  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.547/lat 44.953)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.547&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.953">Blagodatnoe</a>
                 cordon, 44.953°N 136.547°E, 2. VI  . 2016, M. Sergeev (SDEI) . 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Yakutia, Khabarovskij Kraj, “Sikhote-alin”, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Shikotan Is.) (Shinohara 2005).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Betulaceae :  Alnus hirsuta Turcz. and/or its variety,  var. sibirica (Fischer) C. K. Sch. ,  Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. (Shinohara 2005; Shinohara &amp; Hara 2005). </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Pamphilius alnivorus ,  P. masao Shinohara, 2005 , and  P. pallipes (Zetterstedt, 1838) belong to the  P. vafer complex (Shinohara 2005) or the  P. vafer subgroup of the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b), which comprises nine closely related Palaearctic species associated with  Alnus and  Betula . In our molecular study (Figs 148–151, 160, 161), the relationships of this group of species were poorly resolved. In the NaK analysis (Fig. 160), the two specimens of  P. alnivorus from Japan did not even form a clade. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius alnivorus is closest to  P. nakagawai Takeuchi, 1930 , occurring in Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan, in morphology and bionomics (Shinohara 2005). The larva of  P. alnivorus is a solitary leaf-roller on  Alnus , making a leaf-roll on the underside but oviposition is on the upperside (Type II of Shinohara 2005). The site of oviposition (upperside of a leaf) and direction of leaf-rolling (underside) in this species are quite peculiar, otherwise known only for the  Betula -feeding species,  P. pallipes (Shinohara 2005) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F224AC52FF67FA97FC69ABFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC52FF67FED9FD61A8B0.text	FB3C87F1F225AC52FF67FED9FD61A8B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius archiducalis Konow 1897	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius archiducalis Konow, 1897</p>
            <p>(Figs 56, 57) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405121)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius archiducalis Konow, 1897b: 249 ; Gussakovskij, 1935: 187, 378; Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 277; Shinohara, 2002b: 428; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 275; Shinohara &amp; Kojima 2006: 24; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 34; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 939, 942; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Shinohara, 2013: 94; Sundukov, 2015: 249; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Shinohara, 2019: 8; Shinohara, 2020: 22, 251. </p>
            <p>Material examined. About 315 specimens, including the holotype. One specimen is from the Russian Far East (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Shikotan Is., Honshu, Shikoku) (Shinohara 2013).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Betulaceae :  Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Turcz. ex Rupr. ,  Alnus matsumurae Callier (Shinohara &amp; Hara 1999, 2005; Shinohara 2005). Shinohara &amp; Okutani’s (1983) record of  Alnus viridis (Chaix) Lam. et DC. subsp. maximowiczii (Callier) D. Löve is probably erroneous (Shinohara 2005). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is known only from Sakhalin and Japan. The larva feeds on  Alnus solitarily, rolling a leaf edge below. The egg is deposited on the underside of the leaf (Shinohara &amp; Kojima 2006). Shinohara (2002b) placed this species in the  P. balteatus complex of the  P. balteatus subgroup, though our molecular analysis did not support the monophyly of this complex of species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F225AC52FF67FED9FD61A8B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F225AC51FF67FB96FC48A93E.text	FB3C87F1F225AC51FF67FB96FC48A93E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius aucupariae V. Vikberg 1971	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius aucupariae Vikberg, 1971</p>
            <p>(Figs 58, 59) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405133)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius aucupariae Vikberg, 1971: 140 ; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 37; Viitasaari, 2002b: 340; Shinohara, 2002b: 428; Vikberg, 2002: 444; Shinohara &amp; Vasilenko, 2005: 33; Taeger et al., 2006: 465; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov, 2017: 104. </p>
            <p> Material examined. About 215 specimens, of which 210 are from Korea (present work). New collection data: FINLAND: 1♀, “Suomi EH: Pälkäne, ex larva, 23. 5. 1975, 17/74, leg. J. Kangas,  Sorbus aucuparia ” “  Pamphilius aucupariae V. Vikberg , ♀, coll. J. Kangas” (NSMT); 1♀, “Suomi EH: Lammi, 30. V. 1967, leg. Kontuniemi” “ Paratype,  Pamphilius aucupariae sp. n. , det. V. Vikberg, 1971 ” “From V. Vikberg, 14. III. 1983 ” (NSMT); 1♂, “Fennia 6798:354, Suomi EH: Pälkäne, ex larva, 31/5 1974, leg. J. Kangas” “  Pamphilius aucupariae Vikberg , ♂, coll. Jaakko Kangas” “From V. Vikberg, 14. III. 1983 ” (NSMT). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 31. V  . 1991 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 8♂, same locality, 30–31. V  . 1992 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 5♂, same locality, 29. V.–1. VI  . 1996 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 29. V.–1. VI  . 1996 , J.-W. Kim (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 6. VI  . 1996 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 13♂, same locality, 6. VI  . 1996 , J.-W. Kim (NSMT); 49♂, same locality, 26. V.–7. VI  . 1997 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4♂, same locality, 1–3. VI  . 1997 , J.-W. Kim (NSMT); 1♀ 26♂, same locality, 27. V.–1. VI  . 1998 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 21♂, same locality, 24. V.–3. VI  . 2002 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 3♂ (NSMT 30768–30770), same locality, 25. V.–1. VI  . 2008 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 7♂ (incl. NSMT 30861), same locality, 27. V.–5. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♂, same locality, 11. VI  . 2010 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). Jeollanam-do: 39♂, Jungsanri–Popkyesa, 1000–1300m,  Jirisan Mts ., 25–29. V  . 1987 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 26♂, Mt. Nogodan, 1200m,  Jirisan Mts ., 4–5. VI  . 1996 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Finland, Russia (Yakutia) (Shinohara &amp; Vasilenko 2005). South Korea (new record).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Sorbus aucuparia L. </p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a rare species previously known only from Finland and Yakutia, Russia (Shinohara &amp; Vasilenko 2005). This is the first record from Korea. The larvae are gregarious web-spinners on  Sorbus (Vikberg 2002) . Another species of  Pamphilius , whose larvae are gregarious web-spinners on  Sorbus , is  P. montanus montanus Shinohara, 1985 , from Honshu, Japan (Shinohara &amp; Kojima 2011). The larvae of these two species have not been differentiated. </p>
            <p>The Korean specimens examined differ from the Finnish specimens in a darker colour pattern. In Korean females, the entire tergum 1, large areas on the terga 2 and 6 and the entire terga 7 and 8 are black and all the sterna are broadly black basally. In Finnish females, the entire tergum 1 and very narrow areas on the terga 2 and 6 to 8 are black and the sterna 2, 3, 6 and 7 are marked with black basally. In almost all males from Korea, the postocular stripe terminates at the corner of the upper inner orbits, whereas the postocular stripe extends ventrally along the inner orbits in the Finnish males (see fig. 2 in Vikberg 1971). In structural characters, no conspicuous differences have been found.</p>
            <p> In our molecular analysis, the maximum intraspecific p -distance was 1.3% in COI (n=4) and 0.1% in NaK (n=4). The nearest neighbour was  P. balteatus (Fallén, 1808) , diverging by a minimum of 3.7% in the COI analysis, and  P. confusus Shinohara, 2005 , diverging by a minimum of 0.4%, in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 151),  P. aucupariae branched off near the base of the  P. vafer group and its affinities are unclear, whereas in the NaK tree (Fig. 161) it was retrieved as sister to  P. leleji with UFBoot support of 98%. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F225AC51FF67FB96FC48A93E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC51FF67FD1DFB5BADDC.text	FB3C87F1F226AC51FF67FD1DFB5BADDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius balteatus (Fallen 1808) Shinohara 1986	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius balteatus (Fallén, 1808)</p>
            <p>(Figs 60, 61) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405139)</p>
            <p> Lyda balteata Fallén, 1808: 225 . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius balteatus: Konow, 1897a: 24 , 31; Gussakovskij, 1935: 179, 376; Takeuchi, 1938: 222; Berland, 1947: 49; Kim, 1963: 278 [“ balteaetus ”]; Verzhutskij, 1966: 27; Kim, 1970: 126; Shinohara, 1985b: 459; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 37; Kim et al., 1994: 217 [“ balteaetus ”]; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Taeger et al., 1998: 104; Shinohara, 2002b: 428; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2006: 159; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 35; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 938, 942; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Paek et al., 2010: 161 [“ balteaetus ”]; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2015: 249; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Lee et al., 2019: 8; Shinohara, 2019: 8; Shinohara, 2020: 21, 250. </p>
            <p>Material examined. About 50 specimens, including 26 specimens from the Russian Far Est and North Korea (Takeuchi 1938; Shinohara 1985b; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 21845), Vladivostok, Botanical Garden, 43.224°N 131.993°E, 21. V. 2015, M. Sergeev (SDEI); 1♀, Rettihovka 9 km E, 170m, 44.178°N 132.877°E, 29. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU024 (Fig. 60, DEI-GISHym 12938).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Europe, Siberia, Baikal region, Kamchatka Kraj, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin, North Korea, Japan (Takeuchi 1938; Shinohara 1985b; Sundukov 2017).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Rosa spp. (Taeger et al. 1998; Vikberg 2002; Shinohara &amp; Hara 2006). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is widely distributed in northern Eurasia. In Korea, it has been found only in Gosui [=Hapsu], Hakugan [=Paegam] and Tonai [=Tonae], all in Ryanggang-do, North Korea (Takeuchi 1938; Shinohara 1985b) and the confirmed host plants of this species are  Rosa spp. (Taeger et al. 1998; Vikberg 2002; Shinohara &amp; Hara 2006). Lee et al. (2019) included South Korea in the distribution of this species and Sundukov (2017) and Lee et al. (2019) gave  Fragaria ,  Prunus and  Spiraea as additional hosts without presenting new data or relevant references. These distribution and host records need confirmation. </p>
            <p> In the key by Shinohara &amp; Lelej (2007),  P. balteatus will erroneously run to  P. itoi , because  P. balteatus is wrongly placed under couplet 19, whereas it should be placed under couplet 16 (then 18). This error has been corrected in the new key given above. </p>
            <p> In our COI analysis (Fig. 148), six specimens from Germany, Finland and Primorskij Kraj formed a monophyletic group with 97% UFBoot support. The clade of  P. balteatus (specimens from Germany, Finland and Primorskij Kraj) was retrieved as the sister group of the  P. thorwaldi subgroup (  P. lobatus Maa, 1950 +  P. planifrons Beneš, 1976 +  P. belokobylskiji sp. nov. +  P. rhoae Shinohara, 1988 ) with 95% UFBoot support (Fig. 148). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F226AC51FF67FD1DFB5BADDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F226AC5FFF67F8A2FE05AE56.text	FB3C87F1F226AC5FFF67F8A2FE05AE56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius belokobylskiji Shinohara & Kramp & Taeger 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius belokobylskiji sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 62, 63) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16943245)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius planifrons: Shinohara 1988b: 184 ; Kim et al., 1994: 217; Shinohara, 2002b: 427; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 90. Not Beneš, 1976, in part. </p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 62). Length about 11–12 mm. Head black, with following pale yellow: most of clypeus, narrow line along upper inner orbit (this line missing in one specimen, Fig. 62), continuing posteriorly as a rather broad postocular stripe extending from posterior inner corner of eye to crassa, crescent line along outer margin of lateral suture of postocellar area; mandible black, with outer basal part pale yellow and apex dark rufous; scape and pedicel black, with outer surface pale yellow; flagellum blackish brown, with outer surface paler, particularly the basal part. Thorax black, with following pale yellow: ventral part of lateral pronotum, broad posterolateral corner of dorsal pronotum, obscure mark on cervical sclerite, tegula, posterior part of mesoscutal middle lobe, mesoscutellum, large spot on lateral posterior part of mesepisternum, metascutellum, dorsal part of metepimeron; legs pale yellow, except for narrowly black coxal bases. Wings hyaline, distinctly stained with brown; veins blackish brown, with veins C and Sc yellowish, and base of vein 1A pale yellow; stigma dark yellow, marginally dark brown. Abdomen orange dorsally with terga 1 and 2 mostly, broad anterior margin (except for lateral margin and median interruption) of tergum 3, small lateral spot on each of terga 4 and 5, and most of more posterior terga black; narrow lateral margin (more broadly on more posterior segments) pale yellowish; abdomen pale yellow ventrally, with broad anterior part of each sternum black.</p>
            <p>Frons swollen in dorsal aspect, somewhat concave below ocelli down to ill-defined median fovea; ocellar basin represented as a broad furrow around median ocellus; frontoclypeal crest rather flat, rounded, swollen between antennal sockets; facial crest moderately convex, very bluntly carinate. Upper part of head behind transverse and lateral transverse sutures smooth, with large, often ill-defined punctures; area from facial crest to lateral transverse suture coarsely rugose, outer part somewhat smoother, with large, rather shallow irregular punctures; frons almost reticulate, with coarse large deep punctures; paraantennal field with dense small punctures, transversely rugose, with only ventral part nearly impunctate along inner orbit; clypeus with distinct medium-sized punctures, with interspaces smooth medially and coarsely rugose laterally; gena weakly coriaceous, with rather small, often illdefined punctures; head covered with rather long silvery hairs before crassa, except for nearly glabrous ventral part of paraantennal field. Antennae with 24–25 antennomeres; flagellomere 1 1.2–1.3 × length of flagellomere 2. Forewing cell C pilose all over. Ovipositor sheath as in Fig. 62g; appendage narrow-conical, setose medially and apically.</p>
            <p>Male (Fig. 63). Length about 8.5– 11 mm. Head black, with frontal surface below line connecting facial crests, broad postocular stripe, short crescent marking along outer margin of lateral suture of postocellar area (sometimes missing), entire gena and malar space pale yellow; mandible pale yellow with dark rufous apex; scape and pedicel pale yellow, with dorsal surface largely black (black area missing in one specimen); flagellum dark brown, with flagellomere 1 marked with black dorsally. Thorax black, with following pale yellow: most of lateral pronotum extending dorsally along posterior margin to cover broad posterolateral corner of dorsal pronotum, ventral half of cervical sclerite, tegula, posterior half of mesoscutal middle lobe, mesoscutellum, mesepisternum including pectus (except for black lateral spot along very narrowly black posterodorsal margin), broad posterior (dorsal) margin of mesepimeron, metascutellum, linear mark connecting inner ends of cenchri, metepisternum (except for ventral surface), dorsal half (except for anterior part) and posterior margin of metepimeron; legs pale yellow, except for narrowly black coxal bases. Wings hyaline, distinctly tinted with brown; veins blackish brown, with veins C and Sc yellowish, and base of vein 1A pale yellow; stigma dark yellow, marginally dark brown. Abdomen orange dorsally and pale yellow ventrally; dorsum with terga 1 and 2 mostly, broad anterior margin (except for lateral margin and median interruption) of each of terga 3 to 5, and terga 6 to 8 (except for broad lateral and posterior margins) black, and lateral margin (more broadly on more posterior segments), very narrow posterior margin (rather broadly on posterior segments) of each of terga 2 to 8, and tergum 10 wholly pale yellowish; venter with narrow anterior margin of sternum 2 black. Genitalia black; harpe and penis valve pale brown.</p>
            <p>Structure generally similar to that of female. Antennae with 23–28 antennomeres; flagellomere 1 1.0–1.1 × length of flagellomere 2 and distinctly thinner in lateral view than the latter, with apex strongly oblique. Subgenital plate with apical margin broadly rounded. Genitalia as in Fig. 11: 57aa; penis valve very long and slender, valviceps not strongly produced laterally.</p>
            <p>
                 Material examined. 113 specimens.   Holotype: ♂ (Fig. 63, DEI-GISHym 12942), RU: Primorskij Kraj: Anisimovka,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.797/lat 43.126)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.797&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.126">Gribanovka</a>
                 1km N, 450m, 43.126°N 132.797°E, 1. VII. 2017, Taeger, Loktionov, Proshch., RU150 (ZISP)  .   Paratypes: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 14♂,  Anisimov Pass , 400m, 5km E of Anisimovka  , 6–7. VI  . 1995 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 38♂,  Pass , 500m, 28km NNW of Partizansk, 13–14. VI  . 1995 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♂ (DEIGISHym 88019, 88121), Anisimovka,  Gribanovka 1km N, 450m,  43.126°N 132.797°E, 16. VI  . 2017, A. Taeger &amp; M. Proshchalykin (SDEI); 6♂ (incl. DEI-GISHym 88123), Anisimovka,  Gribanovka 1km N, 450m  ,  43.126°N 132.797°E, 1. VII. 2017, A. Taeger, M. Proshchalykin, T .  Schmitt, V .   Loktionov, RU 150 (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 2♂ (described as  P. planifrons by Shinohara, 1988b), Mirugam (  Bukdaesa ), 1300m,  Odaesan Mts ., 10–11. VI  . 1987 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 8♂, same locality, 19–28. V  . 1989 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 10♂, same locality, 31. V. –7. VI  . 1991 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 6. VI  . 1991 , J.-W. Kim (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 30. V  . 1992 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 1♂, same locality, 29. V. –6. VI  . 1996 , J.-W. Kim (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 6. VI  . 1996 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 3♂, same locality, 27–30. V  . 1998 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ (Fig. 62) 21♂, same locality, 23. V.–4. VI  . 2002 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♂ (NSMT 30766, 30767), same locality, 26–27. V  . 2008 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂ (NSMT 30866), same locality, 1. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), South Korea.</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology. This new species is named after Dr. Sergej A. Belokobylskij, who played an important role in bringing about the joint Russian-German expeditions in 1993 and 2016.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This new species has much in common with  P. lobatus Maa, 1950 ,  P. planifrons Beneš, 1976 , and  P. rhoae Shinohara, 1988 , which are the members of  P. thorwaldi complex (Shinohara, 2002b). Shinohara (1988b) described the male of  P. belokobylskiji as  P. planifrons . These four species share punctate pilose heads with only moderately swollen upper frons and facial crests, short flagellomere 1 and a generally similar colour pattern, except for that of the abdomen.  Pamphilius belokobylskiji is easily distinguished from  P. planifrons and  P. rhoae by the largely orange abdomen in both sexes, though the male genitalia of the three species are almost indistinguishable. </p>
            <p> The female of  P. belokobylskiji is very similar to that of  P. lobatus and can be separated from it almost only by the different surface microsculpture of the head. In  P. belokobylskiji , the broad area from the paraantennal fields (except for the ventral margin), frons, facial crests, ocellar area to the transverse and lateral transverse sutures is dull and rather shallowly rugose with mostly confluent and indistinct punctures (Fig. 8: 18aa-cc), whereas in  P. lobatus , the area is dull and rugose and the punctures are dense and generally very distinct (Fig. 8: 19a). There may be some differences in colour pattern as shown in the key but the characters apparently overlap and are of only supplementary value for species distinction. </p>
            <p> The male of  P. belokobylskiji is also similar to that of  P. lobatus in extragenital characters, but the narrow valviceps of  P. belokobylskiji (Fig. 11: 57aa) is very different from the very broad valviceps of  P. lobatus (Fig. 11: 57a). The differences in the surface microsculpture of the head, noted above for the females, also apply to the males. In male genitalic characters,  P. belokobylskiji strongly resembles  P. planifrons and  P. rhoae , but the latter two species have no orange areas on the abdomen. </p>
            <p> In our molecular analyses (Figs 149, 161), the  P. thorwaldi complex was retrieved as monophyletic with 98% UFBoot support in COI and with 97% UFBoot support in NaK, but  P. belokobylskiji was not clearly differentiated from the related species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F226AC5FFF67F8A2FE05AE56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F228AC5EFF67FA35FC1DAAF7.text	FB3C87F1F228AC5EFF67FA35FC1DAAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius heecheonparki Shinohara 1998	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius heecheonparki Shinohara, 1998</p>
            <p>(Figs 77, 78) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405187)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius heecheonparki Shinohara, 1998: 229 ; Shinohara, 2002b: 429; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 939, 941; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Lee et al., 2019: 9. </p>
            <p> Material examined. About 685 specimens, including the type series, almost all from the Russian Far East and South Korea (Shinohara 1998; National Museum of Nature and Science 2021; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 4♀ 7♂ (incl. 30771–30775), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 25. V.–1. VI  . 2008 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 5♀ 86♂ (incl. NSMT 30855), same locality, 27. V.–5. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4♀ 38♂, same locality, 11–18. VI  . 2010 , A.  Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Irkutskaya oblast, Yakutia, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), North and South Korea (Shinohara 1998).</p>
            <p> Host plant. Unknown. Many of the specimens from Odaesan Mts., South Korea, were swept from the foliage of  Padus sp. (Rosaceae) , which may possibly be a host plant of this species. </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is well characterized by the large elongate glabrous ovipositor sheath appendage (Fig. 77h) in the female and the anchor-like penis valve (Fig. 11: 61a) in the male. Shinohara (1998) included this species in his  P. albopictus subgroup of the  P. vafer group but later he (2002b) proposed the  P. heecheonparki subgroup for this species alone. </p>
            <p> In our molecular analysis, the six available COI sequences of this species from South Korea were identical and the maximum intraspecific p -distance among the six NaK sequences was 0.2%. The nearest neighbour was  P. kamikochensis (a member of the  P. albopictus subgroup), diverging by a minimum of 3.2% in the COI analysis and  P. masao (members of the  P. vafer subgroup) by a minimum of 0.5% in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 148),  P. heecheonparki was retrieved as the sister group of  P. albopictus +  P. kamikochensis +  P. leleji with 89% UFBoot support, whereas in the NaK tree (Fig. 161)  P. heecheonparki was sister to the cluster of  P. stramineipes +  P. togashii (with only 58% UFBoot support) with very low UFBoot value of 42%. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F228AC5EFF67FA35FC1DAAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F229AC5EFF67FDD5FF65AC6C.text	FB3C87F1F229AC5EFF67FDD5FF65AC6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius hortorum (Klug 1808)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius hortorum (Klug, 1808)</p>
            <p>(Figs 83–86) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405202)</p>
            <p> Lyda hortorum Klug, 1808: 278 . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius hortorum: Kirby, 1882: 338 ; Konow, 1897a: 24, 31; Gussakovskij, 1935: 179, 376; Takeuchi, 1938: 224; Berland, 1947: 50; Verzhutskij, 1966: 27; Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 278; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 39; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Taeger et al., 1998: 105; Shinohara, 2002b: 428; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 35; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 934, 942; Shinohara &amp; Kojima, 2009: 407; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Taeger et al., 2010: 87; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Lee et al., 2019: 10; Shinohara, 2019: 10; Shinohara, 2020: 17, 247. </p>
            <p> Anoplolyda hortorum: Takeuchi, 1936a: 61 . </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined. About 710 specimens, including 10 specimens from the Russian Far East and North Korea (Takeuchi 1936a; Shinohara 2002b; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♂, Lazovsky distr., upstream of Luk’yanov Log Creek, Malaise trap, 25. VI  . 2008 , Yu. Sundukov, YS 034 (SDEI); 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 21846),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.9/lat 45.5)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.5">Sikhote-Alin Reserve</a>
                 , Middle Kolume river, salty ground, forest, 45.500°N 135.900°E, 18. VI  . 2015 , M. Sergeev (SDEI). 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Europe, Siberia, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin, North Korea, China (Jilin), Japan (Shinohara 2002b, Shinohara &amp; Yuan 2004, Sundukov 2017).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Rubus spp. (Shinohara &amp; Kojima 2009). </p>
            <p>Remarks. This is a widely distributed Palaearctic species and is not uncommon in Hokkaido, Japan (633 Japanese specimens recorded by National Museum of Nature and Science 2021), but it seems rare in the Russian Far East and Korea. In Korea, only one old female specimen labelled “Tonai [=Tonae, Ryanggang-do, North Korea], 23. VII. 1935, K. Takeuchi”, has been recorded (Shinohara 2002b) and we have not seen any specimens or published collection records from South Korea. Lee et al. ’s (2019) record of “ Korea (South)” needs confirmation.</p>
            <p> In our COI analysis (Fig. 151), the only specimen available from Primorskij Kraj formed a clade with northern European specimens from Finland and Norway with 100% UFBoot support and this clade was retrieved as sister to a clade of Japanese specimens with 98% UFBoot support; then, this clade of northern European and East Asian specimens was part of the polytomous clade with 100% UFBoot support mostly containing central European material from Germany and Switzerland. For the NaK analysis, only one Norwegian and three Japanese specimens were available and they formed a clade with 100% UFBoot support (Fig. 161). It is interesting that the East Asian specimens are genetically closer to the northern European specimens than to the central European specimens. This may have some connection with Benson’s (1945) finding of pale (south) and dark (north) color forms in Britain and establishment of a new subspecies,  P. hortorum bicinctus Benson, 1945 , for the northern dark form, which occurs also in Sweden. The specimens from Primorskij Kraj (Fig. 83) and Japan (Fig. 84) are darker than the central European specimens and may agree with the diagnosis of  P. hortorum bicinctus . We are not advocating the validity of Benson’s subspecies, but the occurrence of morphologically and genetically similar populations in northern Europe and the Far East should be investigated with much more material from throughout the distribution range of the species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F229AC5EFF67FDD5FF65AC6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FF04FD3BA84B.text	FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FF04FD3BA84B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius itoi Shinohara 1985	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius itoi Shinohara, 1985</p>
            <p>(Figs 87, 88) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405211)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius itoi Shinohara, 1985b: 454 ; Shinohara &amp; Hara 1995: 572; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara, 2002a: 190; Shinohara, 2002b: 428; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 275; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 934, 942; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Taeger et al., 2010: 88; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2015: 249; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Shinohara, 2019: 10; Shinohara, 2020: 18, 248. </p>
            <p> Material examined.  About 1610 specimens, including the type series, all from Japan . No specimens were available from the Russian Far East and Korea. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Honshu) (Sundukov 2009).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Betulaceae :  Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Turcz. ex Rupr. ,  Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. (Shinohara &amp; Hara 1995, 2005). </p>
            <p>Remarks. This species is often commonly found in Hokkaido, Japan (1436 Japanese specimens recorded by National Museum of Nature and Science 2021), but only two females have been recorded from the continent (Primorskij Kraj, Russia, by Sundukov 2009). We have seen no specimens of this species from outside Japan.</p>
            <p> In the molecular analysis using COI and NaK (Figs 149, 160), the specimens of this species (all from Japan) were retrieved as a clade belonging to a complex of rather poorly resolved  Alnus - and  Betula -feeding species of the  P. vafer group, such as  P. alnivorus ,  P. confusus ,  P. flavipectus Shinohara, 2005 ,  P. masao ,  P. nakagawai ,  P. pallipes ,  P. archiducalis and  P. varius (Serville, 1823) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FF04FD3BA84B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FC0AFC0AAEC6.text	FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FC0AFC0AAEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius kimi Shinohara 1997	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius kimi Shinohara, 1997</p>
            <p>(Fig. 89) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405214)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius kimi Shinohara, 1997: 227 ; Shinohara, 2002b: 429; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Taeger et al., 2010: 88; Lee et al., 2019: 10. </p>
            <p> Material examined.  Fifty-five specimens (type series) from South Korea (Shinohara 1997) . </p>
            <p>Distribution. South Korea.</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Pamphilius kimi was described from a series of male specimens collected on the mountains of Gangwon-do, South Korea between 1992 and 1997 (Shinohara 1997). No additional collection records have been published and the females are still unknown. No molecular data for this species are available. </p>
            <p> This is an isolated species in the  P. vafer group and forms a subgroup of its own, the  P. kimi subgroup (Shinohara 2002b). It is one of the three species of  Pamphilius (  P. heecheonparki ,  P. varius and  P. kimi ) whose males are characterized by the anchor-shaped penis valves. From  P. heecheonparki and  P. varius ,  P. kimi is distinguished by the arcuately concave inner margin of the harpe (Figs 11: 61a; 89h, i). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22AAC5DFF67FC0AFC0AAEC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22AAC5CFF67F984FDB3AAAF.text	FB3C87F1F22AAC5CFF67F984FDB3AAAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius leleji Shinohara & Taeger 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius leleji Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007</p>
            <p>(Figs 94–96) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405220)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius leleji Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 35 ; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 938, 942; Taeger et al., 2010: 88; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105. </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined. Twenty-three specimens, including the type series, all from the Russian Far East (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; present work). The holotype has been deposited in ZISP.   New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (Fig. 95, DEI-GISHym 86269), Arsenyev,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.27/lat 44.122)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.27&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.122">Ski-Base Bodrost</a>
                 , 200m, 44.122°N 133.270°E, 25. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU017 (SDEI);   1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32051),  Komissarovo N, 130m, 45.000°N 131.788°E, 4. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU035 (SDEI);   1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32032),  Zolotaya Dolina E, 40m, 42.943°N 133.161°E, 10. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU046 (SDEI);   1♀ (DEI-GISHym 21847), Sikhote-Alin Reserve:  Middle Kolume river , salty ground, forest, 45.500°N 135.900°E, 18. VI. 2015, M. Sergeev (SDEI)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. So far as is known, this species is endemic to Primorskij Kraj. In our molecular analysis, the maximum intraspecific p -distance was 0.2% in COI (n=3) and 0% in NaK (n=3). The nearest neighbour was  P. kamikochensis (a member of the  P. albopictus subgroup), diverging by a minimum of 3.1% in the COI analysis, and by a minimum of 0.8% in the NaK analysis.  Pamphilius leleji was recovered as sister to the clade  P. albopictus +  P. kamikochensis with 100% UFBoot support in the COI tree (Fig. 148) but as sister to  P. aucupariae with 98% UFBoot support in the NaK tree (Fig. 161). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22AAC5CFF67F984FDB3AAAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22BAC5CFF67FE6DFB2DAC56.text	FB3C87F1F22BAC5CFF67FE6DFB2DAC56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius lobatus Maa 1950	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius lobatus Maa, 1950</p>
            <p>(Figs 97–99) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405238)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius lobatus Maa, 1950: 17 ; Shinohara, 1988b: 194; Kim et al., 1994: 217; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 220; Shinohara, 2002b: 427: Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 38; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 932, 940; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 88; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2011: 213; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 10; Shinohara, 2019: 10; Shinohara, 2020: 15, 245; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021a: 62; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021b: 197. </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined. About 230 specimens, including 145 specimens from the Russian Far Est and South Korea (Shinohara 1988b; Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a, b; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀, Lazovsky distr., upstream of Luk’yanov Log Creek, Malaise trap, 25. VI  . 2008 , Yu. Sundukov, YS 034 (SDEI); 1♀ (Fig. 98, DEI-GISHym 88047), Anisimovka 7 km S,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.786/lat 43.102)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.786&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.102">Mt. Litovka</a>
                 , 1200m, 43.102°N 132.786°E, 19. VI. 2017, V.   Loktionov (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♂, Tokchomgogae, nr.  Chuncheon , 22. V  . 1992 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). 1♂, Jingogae, 850m,  Odaesan Mts ., 2. VI  . 1992 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). 1♀ 2♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m,  Odaesan Mts ., 21–26. V  . 1989 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4♀ 6♂, same locality, 29. V.–2. VI  . 1991 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 2♂, same locality, 30. V.–2. VI  . 1992 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 1♂, same locality, 27–29. V  . 1993 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♀ 1♂, same locality, 29. V.–6. VI  . 1996 , J.-W. Kim (NSMT); 2♀, same locality, 3–7. VI  . 1997 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♂, same locality, 29–30. V  . 1998 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 3♀ 8♂, same locality, 23. V.–4. VI  . 2002 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 2♂ (NSMT 30763–5), same locality, 27–30. V  . 2008 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4♀ 14♂ (incl. NSMT 30856, 30862), same locality, 27. V.–5. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 6♂, same locality, 11–18. VI  . 2010 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). Jeollanam-do: 1♂, Mt. Nogodan, 1200m,  Chirisan Mts ., 4–5. VI  . 1996 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀, same data, 26–28. V. 1997 (NSMT). 
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), China (Jilin), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Caprifoliaceae :  Macrodiervilla middendorffiana (Carriere) Nakai (Shinohara &amp; Hara 2011). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species belongs to the  P. thorwaldi complex of the  P. stramineipes subgroup of the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b). The  P. thorwaldi complex is represented by  P. lobatus ,  P. belokobylskiji ,  P. planifrons ,  P. rhoae and  P. thorwaldi Kontuniemi, 1946 , and  P. lobatus has the widest range of distribution among the East Asian members. </p>
            <p> It should be noted that in the COI analysis (Fig. 149) nine sequences of this species were retrieved as two separate clades, the Japanese specimens (n=3) and the Korean and Russian specimens (n=6). The maximum p -distance among the Japanese specimens was 0.9% and that among the Korean and Russian specimens was 0.2% whereas the two sets of sequences diverged by a minimum of 2.7%. The last value is quite large as an intraspecific distance and comparable to the interspecific distance between closely related congeners, such as  P. albopictus and  P. kamikochensis (2.0%) or  P. benesi and  P. pallidus (2.9%). In the NaK analysis (Fig. 161), the Japanese and the continental clusters were not clearly differentiated. Here we treat the continental and Japanese populations as conspecific, though a fairly large geographical genetic diversification apparently exists between them. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22BAC5CFF67FE6DFB2DAC56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FF04FE1BA8B9.text	FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FF04FE1BA8B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius masao Shinohara 2005	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius masao Shinohara, 2005</p>
            <p>(Figs 100, 101) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405247)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius masao Shinohara, 2005: 55 ; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 275; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 937, 942; Taeger et al., 2010: 88; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2015: 250; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Shinohara, 2019: 10; Shinohara, 2020: 23, 253. </p>
            <p> Material examined.   About 3240 specimens, including the type series. Five specimens are from the  Russian Far East (Shinohara 2005; present work).  New collection data: RUSSIA: Sakhalin: 1♀,  Matolozovo , 2–3. VII. 1991 (NSMT)  . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Etorofu Is., Kunashiri Is., Shikotan Is.) (Shinohara 2005; Sundukov 2015).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Betulaceae :  Betula ermanii Cham. ,  Alnus maximowiczii Call. (Shinohara 2005; Shinohara &amp; Hara 2005). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is a member of the  P. vafer complex (Shinohara 2005) or the  P. vafer subgroup of the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b), which is a complex of birch- or alder-feeding species having much in common morphologically and genetically (see also comments under  P. alnivorus ). The larva of  P. masao is a solitary leaf-roller. The egg is laid on the upperside and the larval leaf-roll is also on the upperside of the leaf (Type III of Shinohara 2005). This character is known otherwise only for  P. confusus and  P. flavipectus from Japan (Shinohara &amp; Kojima 2006). </p>
            <p> Pamphilius masao is fairly common in montane birch forests in Hokkaido, Japan (2769 Japanese specimens recorded by National Museum of Nature and Science 2021), but only a few specimens were recorded from Sakhalin, Russia (Shinohara 2005). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FF04FE1BA8B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FB98FC48ADD9.text	FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FB98FC48ADD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius pallipes (Zetterstedt 1838)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius pallipes (Zetterstedt, 1838)</p>
            <p>(Figs 108, 109) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405268)</p>
            <p> Lyda pallipes Zetterstedt, 1838: 355 . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius pallipes: Kirby, 1882: 337 ; Konow, 1897a: 25, 31; Gussakovskij, 1935: 185, 377; Berland, 1947: 56; Verzhutskij, 1966: 28; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 43; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Taeger et al., 1998: 105; Shinohara, 2002b: 427; Shinohara, 2003a: 467; Shinohara, 2005: 40; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 937, 942; Taeger et al., 2010: 89; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 10; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021a: 62. </p>
            <p> Material examined. About 455 specimens, including the lectotype; 204 specimens are from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 2005; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 4♀ 1♂ (incl. NSMT 30756–30759), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 26. V.–2. VI  . 2008 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♂, same locality, 28. V  . 2009 , A.  Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Europe, Iran, Siberia to Kamchatka Kraj and the continental part of the Russian Far East, northeastern China, North and South Korea (Shinohara 2005).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Betulaceae :  Betula spp. ,?  Alnus spp. (Taeger et al. 1998; Shinohara 2003a, 2005). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a widely distributed Palaearctic species but not recorded from Japan (Shinohara 2003a, 2005). It belongs to the  P. vafer complex (Shinohara 2005) or the  P. vafer subgroup of the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b). The larva is a solitary leaf-roller, making a leaf-roll on the underside. The oviposition is on the upperside (Type II of Shinohara 2005). As noted under  P. alnivorus , the site of oviposition (upperside of a leaf) and direction of leaf-rolling (underside) in this species and  P. alnivorus are characteristic. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22CAC5BFF67FB98FC48ADD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22CAC5AFF67F8BFFB73A9F3.text	FB3C87F1F22CAC5AFF67F8BFFB73A9F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius planifrons Benes 1976	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius planifrons Beneš, 1976</p>
            <p>(Figs 111, 112) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405274)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius planifrons Beneš, 1976: 164 ; Shinohara, 1988b: 184; Shinohara, 2002b: 427; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 932, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 90; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 11. </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined. Eighteen specimens, including the holotype, all from the Russian Far East (Beneš 1976; Shinohara 1988, see comments below about the males; present work). New collection data:  RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♂, Ussurijskij Reserve, 21–26. V. 1994, A. Shinohara (Fig. 112, NSMT); 6♀, same locality, 9–12. VI  . 1995 , A. Shinohara (Fig. 111, NSMT); 2♀, same locality, 9–12. VI  . 1995 , A. Lelej (NSMT); 1♂,  Okeanskaja , Vladivostok, 28. V  . 1994 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀,  Anisimovka , 300m, 1. VI  . 1994 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀, Uglekamensk, 2. VI  . 1994 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♀,  Valley of Tigrovaja River , 180m, 12km N of Partizansk, 6. VI  . 1994 , A. Shinohara (NSMT);   1♀ (DEI-GISHym 32052),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.161/lat 42.943)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.943">Arsenyev</a>
                 , Ski-Base Bodrost, 200m, 44.122°N 133.270°E, 25. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU017 (SDEI);  2♀ (DEI-GISHym 12992 &amp; 32040), Zolotaya Dolina E, 40m, 42.943°N 133.161°E, 10. VI. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, in alcohol, RU046 (SDEI).
            </p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is a member of the  P. thorwaldi complex of the  P. stramineipes subgroup of the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b). Shinohara (1988b) recorded this species from South Korea based on two male specimens as  P. planifrons . These two males actually belong to the new species  P. belokobylskiji described above, and South Korea is here excluded from the distribution of  P. planifrons .  Pamphilius planifrons is most closely allied to  P. rhoae , as discussed under the latter species. In the molecular analyses using COI and NaK sequences (Figs 149, 161), the relationships between  P. belokobylskiji ,  P. planifrons and  P. rhoae were poorly resolved. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22CAC5AFF67F8BFFB73A9F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC5AFF67FCD1FA93AED6.text	FB3C87F1F22DAC5AFF67FCD1FA93AED6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius rhoae Shinohara 1988	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius rhoae Shinohara 1988</p>
            <p>(Figs 113, 114) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405286)</p>
            <p> Pamphilius rhoae Shinohara 1988b: 188 ; Kim et al., 1994: 217; Shinohara &amp; Lee, 1997: 218; Shinohara, 2002b: 427; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 90; Lee et al., 2019: 10; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin, 2021: 62; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021b: 197. </p>
            <p> Material examined. Seventy-two specimens, including the type series, all from South Korea (Shinohara 1988b; Shinohara &amp; Lee 1997; Shinohara &amp; Tripotin 2021a, b; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♀, Tokchomgogae, 510m, nr. Chuncheon, 22. V  . 1992 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀,  Sangwonsa , Odaesan Mts., 20. V  . 1989 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ (NSMT 30858), same locality, 6. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀,  Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 6. VI  . 1996 , J.-W. Kim (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. South Korea.</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This Korean species belongs to the  P. thorwaldi complex of the  P. stramineipes subgroup of the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b). It is very close to  P. planifrons from Primorskij Kraj in morphology and genetics (Figs 149, 161). Although most of the known specimens can be identified by the characters given in the key, the two species may eventually be treated as local forms of the same species. Before synonymizing them, however, we still need more information about geographical variations and preferably also host plants and immature stages. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22DAC5AFF67FCD1FA93AED6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22DAC59FF67F9B5FE67A987.text	FB3C87F1F22DAC59FF67F9B5FE67A987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius sapporensis (Matsumura 1912)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius sapporensis (Matsumura, 1912)</p>
            <p>(Figs 115, 116) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405283)</p>
            <p> Lyda sapporensis Matsumura, 1912: 80 ; Takeuchi, 1930: 9 (syn. of  P. venustus (Smith, 1874 )) . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius rugosus Beneš, 1976: 165 ; Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 278 (syn. of  P. sapporensis ). </p>
            <p> Pamphilius sapporensis: Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 278 ; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara, 2002b: 427; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Taeger, 2007: 38; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 931, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 90; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2015: 250; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Shinohara, 2019: 11; Shinohara, 2020: 13, 243. </p>
            <p>  Lectotype designation. Matsumura (1912) described  Lyda sapporensis without giving number of the specimens examined. Here we designate the male specimen labeled “Sahoro, 6/5” “29” “  Lyda sapporensis n. sp. det. Matsumura ” in Matsumura’s collection (HU) as a lectotype. It is in poor condition and has the head and genitalia missing. </p>
            <p>Material examined. About 545 specimens, including the lectotype, and two specimens from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 2002b; Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Russia (Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Shikotan Is.) (Shinohara &amp; Taeger 2007).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Filipendula camtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. (Shinohara &amp; Okutani 1983). </p>
            <p> Remarks. Shinohara (2002b) placed this species in his  P. venustus complex of the  P. stramineipes subgroup of the  P. vafer group.  Pamphilius sapporensis has much in common with  P. venustus in morphology, molecular data (see below) and host plants, and overlapping distributions of the two species in Hokkaido is interesting in clarifying their speciation history. The maximum intraspecific p -distance among the three Japanese specimens in  P. sapporensis was 0.3% in COI and 0.1% in NaK and the nearest neighbour was  P. balteatus , diverging by a minimum of 2.5% in the COI analysis, and  P. venustus by a minimum of 0.8% in the NaK analysis. In the COI tree (Fig. 149), the relationship of  P. sapporensis with other species was not well resolved, but in the NaK tree (Fig. 161),  P. sapporensis was retrieved as the sister of  P. venustus with 99% UFBoot support. </p>
            <p> In Hokkaido, Japan, this species occurs together with two other  Filipendula -associated pamphiliids,  P. venustus (known from Hokkaido, Honshu and Shikoku) and  Onycholyda kumamotonis (known from Sakhalin, Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Honshu and?Kyushu). The largely orange upper part of head will easily distinguish  P. sapporensis from the latter two species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22DAC59FF67F9B5FE67A987	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC59FF67FD45FE7DADD6.text	FB3C87F1F22EAC59FF67FD45FE7DADD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius stramineipes (Hartig 1837)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius stramineipes (Hartig, 1837)</p>
            <p>(Figs 117, 118) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405295)</p>
            <p> Lyda stramineipes Hartig, 1837: 347 . </p>
            <p> Pamphilius stramineipes: Kirby, 1882: 337 ; Konow, 1897a: 25, 31; Gussakovskij, 1935: 184, 377; Berland, 1947: 53; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 43; Shinohara, 1988b: 181; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 1991: 734; Hara, 1993: 293; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Taeger et al., 1998: 105; Shinohara, 2002b: 427; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 275; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 938, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 90; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Shinohara, 2019: 11; Shinohara, 2020: 15, 245. </p>
            <p> Anoplolyda pallipes: Takeuchi, 1936a: 61 (not Zetterstedt, 1838, in part). </p>
            <p>For more references, see Shinohara (1988b).</p>
            <p>Material examined. About 425 specimens, including two specimens from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1988b).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Europe, Armenia, Russia (Siberia, Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Etorofu Is., Kunashiri Is.) (Shinohara 1988b; Sundukov &amp; Lelej 2012).</p>
            <p> Host plant.  Rosaceae :  Rosa spp. (Hara 1993; Shinohara &amp; Hara 2005). Records of other plants in Europe (  Crataegus ,  Fragaria ,  Rubus and  Sanguisorba , see Taeger et al. 1998) need confirmation. </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species belongs to the  P. stramineipes complex of the  P. stramineipes subgroup of the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b). Shinohara (2002b) included  P. stramineipes ,  P. thorwaldi and  P. venustus complexes in his  P. stramineipes subgroup, while our molecular analyses did not indicate a close relationship among the three species complexes. In our COI analysis (Fig. 151), the three specimens of  P. stramineipes from Japan and Italy were retrieved as a monophyletic group (with 93% UFBoot support), which was sister (with 100% UFBoot support) to the clade of 26 specimens of  P. hortorum . In the NaK analysis (Fig. 161), the two sequences of  P. stramineipes from Japan formed a clade with 100% UFBoot support. This clade then came close to  P. togashii and  P. heecheonparki , but this relationship had low UFBoot supports of 42 and 58%. </p>
            <p> Pamphilius stramineipes is a Palaearctic species widely spread from western Europe through Siberia and Sakhalin to Hokkaido, Japan. However, there are no collection records from other areas of the Russian Far East (e.g., Primorskij Kraj) and Korea. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22EAC59FF67FD45FE7DADD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
FB3C87F1F22EAC58FF67F8B5FB89AF9E.text	FB3C87F1F22EAC58FF67F8B5FB89AF9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pamphilius varius (Serville 1823)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pamphilius varius (Serville, 1823)</p>
            <p>(Figs 127–129) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405325)</p>
            <p> Lyda varia Serville, 1823: 90 . </p>
            <p> Anoplolyda engelhardti Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1930: 93 ; Gussakovskij, 1935: 183, 381 (syn. of  P. varius ). </p>
            <p> Pamphilius varius: Gussakovskij, 1935: 183 , 381; Takeuchi, 1938: 223; Doi, 1938: 32; Berland, 1947: 55; Kim, 1963: 278; Verzhutskij, 1966: 28; Kim, 1970: 126; Shinohara &amp; Okutani, 1983: 279; Achterberg &amp; Aartsen, 1986: 45; Kim et al., 1994: 217; Zhelochovtsev &amp; Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Taeger et al., 1998: 106; Shinohara, 2002b: 428; Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara &amp; Hara, 2005: 276; Shinohara &amp; Lelej, 2007: 940, 941; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 91; Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2015: 250; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 11; Shinohara, 2019: 12; Shinohara, 2020: 21, 251. </p>
            <p> Anoplolyda vafer: Takeuchi, 1936a: 61 . Not Linné, 1767. </p>
            <p>For more synonyms and references, see Berland (1947) and Taeger et al. (2010).</p>
            <p> Material examined. About 2460 specimens, including 1004 specimens from the Russian Far Est and South Korea (Takeuchi 1936a; National Museum of Nature and Science 2021; present work). New collection data:  RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (Fig. 127, DEI-GISHym 86311), Yakovlevka 12km NW, 250m, 44.541°N 133.366°E, 27. V. 2016, K. Kramp, M. Prous &amp; A. Taeger, RU019 (SDEI).  SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 4♂ (incl. NSMT 30760– 30762), Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m,  Odaesan Mts ., 25–30. V. 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT);  1♀ 28♂, same locality, 28. V.–5. VI  . 2009 , A. Shinohara (NSMT); 14♀ 1♂, same locality, 11–18. VI  . 2010 , A. Shinohara (NSMT). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Europe, through Siberia to the Russian Far East (Kamchatka Kraj, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin, northern Kuriles), North and South Korea and Japan (Hokkaido, southern Kuriles, Honshu, Kyushu).</p>
            <p> Host plants.  Betulaceae :  Betula spp. ,  Alnus incana (Taeger et al. 1998; Shinohara &amp; Hara 1999, 2005). </p>
            <p> Remarks. This is a widely distributed northern Palaearctic species, often commonly found in birch forests on higher mountains in Korea and Japan.  Pamphilius varius belongs to the  P. varius subgroup of the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b). This species looks similar to the species of the  P. vafer complex (Shinohara 2005) or the  P. vafer subgroup of the  P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b), such as  P. alnivorus ,  P. masao or  P. pallipes , but the usually impunctate or sparsely punctate, almost glabrous upper part of head, the small and pilose ovipositor sheath appendage in the female and the characteristic anchor-shaped valviceps in the male genitalia (Fig. 129g, h) will easily separate  P. varius . In our molecular analysis, however, available sequences of this species were not well resolved and did not even form a single cluster. It is interesting that the European (German and Finnish) specimens were retrieved as close to the Japanese (in-group distances 0.2–0.9% in Europe and distances between Europe and Japan 1.1–1.7%) and these were placed at a distance (3.7–5.3%) from the specimens from Primorskij Kraj and South Korea (in-group distances 0.1–1.3%, excluding one doubtfully identified larval specimen) in the COI analysis (Fig. 150). The genetic variations and affinities of this and the related species are still poorly understood. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1F22EAC58FF67F8B5FB89AF9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shinohara, Akihiko;Kramp, Katja;Taeger, Andreas	Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja, Taeger, Andreas (2022): The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). Zootaxa 5167 (1): 1-251, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
