taxonID	type	description	language	source
CB5F6D31966AEE2588C27AD3FE9A4938.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica (type country), Panama. Identification. This species was identified from descriptions and illustrations found in the revision by Prather (2004). It is similar to B. quincemil and B. sylvana, but differs in having a long, acute apicoventral projection of tergum X.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966AEE2588C27BCFFC534F6B.taxon	discussion	Endemic to the Neotropics, this genus is represented by 17 species distributed from Nicaragua south to Argentina (Prather 2004; Holzenthal & Calor 2017). Previously, a single species, Banyallarga fortuna (Resh 1983) (in Denning et al. 1983), was described from Panama. We here add a second species.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966AEE2588C278A7FE5F4E57.taxon	discussion	This family is represented in the Neotropics by two genera, Banyallarga and Phylloicus, and 75 total species (Holzenthal & Calor 2017).	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966AEE2588C27C23FA0949D3.taxon	discussion	This family is represented in the Neotropics by 11 genera and over 270 species (Holzenthal & Calor 2017; Blahnik & Armitage 2019). In Panama, three genera are known (Culoptila; Mortoniella, and Protoptila), and 31 total species.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966AEE2588C27F4BFE014B30.taxon	discussion	Known from Mexico, Central and South America, and the Lesser Antilles, 90 species have been identified in the Neotropics (Holzenthal & Calor 2017; Blahnik & Armitage 2019). Additional taxa are found in North America. Panama is home to 13 species (Armitage et al. 2015; Blahnik & Armitage 2019). Herein we add two more species from western Panama.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966AEE2488C27E2BFAB14D77.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras (type country), Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama. Identification. This species was identified from descriptions and illustrations found in the revision by Holzenthal & Blahnik (2006). The horn-like processes projecting from the phallicata are similar to those of P. cristula Holzenthal & Blahnik 2006 and P. rota Mosely 1937. It differs from these two species by the shorter, ventral processes of the phallicata and by the ventral margin of sternum VIII, which is shorter and less deeply bifurcate apically.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966BEE2488C27C22FF414B33.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica (type country), Panama. Identification. This species was identified from keys, descriptions, and illustrations found in the publications by Denning & Blickle (1979), Johanson (2002, 2003), Johanson & Malm (2006), and Johanson & Holzenthal (2010). This species, based on the boomerang-shaped inferior appendages, bears a slight resemblance to H. vergelana Ross 1956. It differs from this and other species by the ventrad-directed tergum X and the overall shape of the inferior appendages in lateral and dorsal views, each with the distal portion <1.5 X as broad as its distal portion in lateral view.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966BEE2488C27D1EFB2A493B.taxon	discussion	This genus has been divided into two subgenera (Ferropsyche and Cochliopsyche) in the Neotropics (Johanson 1998; Holzenthal & Calor 2017). The current 14 species of Helicopsyche in Panama all belong to the Ferropsyche subgenus (Armitage et al. 2015, 2020). Herein we add one more species from central Panama.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966BEE2488C27A1AFE254827.taxon	discussion	Worldwide in distribution, this family has over 250 species, primarily in tropical regions. In the Neotropics there are over 120 species, all in the genus Helicopsyche. The other genus in this family, Rakiura McFarlane 1973, is endemic to New Zealand.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966BEE2488C278EEFD6C4F23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica (type country), Panama. Identification. This species was identified from descriptions and illustrations found in the revision by Holzenthal & Blahnik (2006). The phallicata of this species is distinctively shaped, appearing wide preapically in lateral view and narrow basally in dorsoventral view. Additional characters, such as the elongate, apically bifurcate processes of tergum X, the shape of the paramere spine, and the elongate, narrowed ventral apex of sternum VIII assist in the diagnosis of this species (Holzenthal & Blahnik 2006).	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966CEE2388C278EFFDD14E0B.taxon	discussion	The genus Calosopsyche is found in Costa Rica and Panama (five species; C. continentalis Group) and the Greater Antilles (nine species; C. calosa Group). In Panama there are four species previously known (Holzenthal & Calor 2017). Here we add one more species.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966CEE2388C27BF3FD3B4FDB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica (type country), Panama. Identification. This species was identified by keys, descriptions, and figures by Flint (1967) and Flint & Bueno-Soria (1987). A member of the C. continentalis Group (Oláh & Johanson 2008), it is most closely related to C. continentalis Flint & Bueno-Soria 1987 and C. bicuspis Flint & Bueno-Soria 1987, differing from both by the widely forked apex of each inferior appendage.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966CEE2388C279EBFC224D77.taxon	discussion	This is a large trichopteran family which is divided into five subfamilies. The greatest diversity of Neotropical species and genera occur in the Macronematinae and Smicrideinae subfamilies (Holzenthal & Calor 2017). Fifteen genera and approximately 480 species are known from the Neotropics.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966CEE2388C27E73FF724BEB.taxon	discussion	This is another large trichopteran family with over 1,800 species worldwide. Divided into four subfamilies, it is represented in the Neotropics by three of them (Triplectidinae, Grumichellinae, and Leptocerinae). There are approximately 235 extant species known from the Neotropics, distributed among 16 genera (Holzenthal & Calor 2017).	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966CEE2388C27C23FEFC4A88.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica (type country), Ecuador, Panama. Identification. This species was identified by keys, descriptions, and figures by Flint (1974). A member of the S. peruana Group within the Rhyacophylax subgenus, in Panama it is most closely related to S. (R.) talamanca Flint 1974. The pointed triangular process on sternum IX and major differences in the aedeagus distinguish this species from S. talamanca.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966CEE2388C27D43FDD8493B.taxon	discussion	The genus Smicridea is found throughout the Neotropical realm, with a few species extending into the Nearctic portions of Mexico and the southwestern United States. The genus is divided into two subgenera: Smicridea s. s. and Rhyacophylax. In Panama there are 26 species known (Razuri-Gonzalez & Armitage, 2019). Here we add one more species in the Rhyacophylax subgenus.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966DEE2288C27CB7FC6E4B1F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, U. S. A., Venezuela. Identification. This species was identified using the keys, descriptions, and illustrations by Blahnik (1998). It resembles C. pylaea Denning 1941 most closely, with both having fold-like lateral lobes of tergum X. It differs from this species in having a less elongate ventral apex of each inferior appendage.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966DEE2288C27DB3FD9E494F.taxon	discussion	This genus is divided into four subgenera (Chimarra, Chimarrita, Curgia, and Otarrha), the latter three of which, with the exception of a few species of Curgia, are endemic to the Neotropics. Over 256 Neotropical species are distributed among the subgenera.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966DEE2288C27813FDAB4F93.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica (type country), Panama. Identification. This species is in the O. falicia Group, which is characterized by the dorsolateral processes on segment IX and the membranous tergum IX. This species was identified from the description and figures in the revision by Quinteiro & Holzenthal (2017). It can be distinguished from other members of this group by the very elongate dorsal lobe of tergum X, with its slightly clavate apex, the divided apex of each inferior appendage, and by the elongate, asymmetrical, dorsolateral processes on segment IX. It is most closely related to O. prolongata Flint 1981 (Quinteiro & Holzenthal 2017).	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966DEE2288C279EBFB4C4D2B.taxon	discussion	This is a very large genus with worldwide distribution, Oecetis is represented in the Neotropics by 51 species (Holzenthal & Calor 2017). In Panama, nine species are known. Herein we add one more species.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966DEE2288C27A8BFB144848.taxon	discussion	This is a very large trichopteran family in the Neotropics, with five genera and over 277 species (Holzenthal & Calor 2017). In Panama, three genera are recorded: Chimarra, Chimarrhodella, and Wormaldia.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966DEE2188C27E07FED54CE3.taxon	discussion	This family is represented in the Neotropics by five genera and about 315 species (Holzenthal & Calor 2017; Camargos 2020). In Panama, 24 species are known, distributed among four genera: Cernotina, Cyrnellus, Polycentropus, and Polyplectropus.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966EEE2188C27C46FC4F4A1B.taxon	discussion	Previously, the genus Cnodocentron was divided into two subgenera: Cnodocentron (Oriental in distribution) and Caenocentron (Neotropical and Nearctic in distribution). However, Vilarino et al. (2021) demonstrated separate evolutionary histories for the two subgenera, and elevated each to the genus level. Eight of the nine species now constituting Caenocentron are endemic to the Neotropics (Vilarino et al. 2021). Two species were previously known from Panama. Herein, we record two additional species as new to Panama.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966EEE2188C27F03FD784BEB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Colombia (type country), Panama. Identification. This species was identified using the descriptions and illustrations by Flint (1991), Schmid (1982), and Vilarino et al. (2021). Caenocentron immaculatum is most similar to C. galesus Schmid 1982. However, the apical segment of each inferior appendage in C. immaculatum is broader and more strongly arched, and the basal segment bears a strong tooth near the ventral margin.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966EEE2188C278A6FEF04FDB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Costa Rica (type country), Panama. Identification. Polyplectropus exilis was identified by keys, descriptions, and illustrations in the revision by Charmorro & Holzenthal (2010). It is a member of the P. charlesi Group and is most closely related to P. charlesi (Ross 1941) and P. kylistos Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal 2004. It is distinguished from both of these species by the absence of peg-like setae on either the dorsal or ventral branches of the inferior appendages, by the absence of endothecal phallic spines, by the acute apex of the mesoventral process of each preanal appendage, and by the presence of a narrow, lightly sclerotized process between the dorsal and ventral branches (Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal 2004).	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966EEE2188C2785AFB534DBF.taxon	discussion	This genus is represented in Panama by 12 species. Here we add one more new country record.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966EEE2188C27D42FC2048DF.taxon	discussion	This family is represented in the Neotropics by three genera and over 62 species (Vilarino & Bispo 2020). In Panama, all three Neotropical genera are known: (Caenocentron Schmid 1982, Machairocentron Schmid 1982, and Xiphocentron Brauer 1870), within which are distributed eight species.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966FEE2088C279EBFB534DE7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Nicaragua (type country), Panama. Identification. This species was identified using the descriptions and illustrations by Schmid (1982) and Vilarino et al. (2021). Caenocentron lausus is most similar to C. galesus Schmid 1982 but differs in the shape of the inferior appendage and in the lower piliferous area composed of setae of very different lengths.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966FEE2088C27A63FDF64897.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Guatemala (type country), Panama. Identification. Xiphocentron alcmeon was identified by using keys, descriptions, and illustrations by Schmid (1982). This species is most closely related to X. euryale, but differs in the apical points of tergum X and in the general shape of the inferior appendages.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
CB5F6D31966FEE2088C27B5FFD1D4EF8.taxon	discussion	The genus Xiphocentron is represented in the Neotropics by about 53 species distributed among five subgenera (Schmid 1982). Four species in three subgenera were previously known from Panama. Here we add one more species in a fourth subgenus, Glyphocentron.	en	Armitage, Brian J., Aguirre, Yusseff, Ríos González, Tomás A., Blahnik, Roger J. (2022): The Trichoptera of Panama. XVIII. Twelve first country records of macrocaddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Zootaxa 5168 (5): 578-588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.6
