taxonID	type	description	language	source
1C43EA6E9B51FFE9FD945B79FCE15773.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Geolycosa latifrons Montgomery, 1904.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B51FFE9FD945B79FCE15773.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Large lycosids; carapace elevated anteriorly; PME and ALE forming rectangle; septal pedicel on epigyne and spur on TA long (Zyuzin & Logunov 2000).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B51FFE9FD945B79FCE15773.taxon	description	Description Leg I strongest, nearly as long as IV, with thick scopulae on three terminal joints. Chelicerae large. Cephalic region of cephalothorax raised. 1 st eye row as wide as 2 nd eye row (PME). Otherwise, similar to Lycosa (Montgomery 1904). The type species with elongated epigynal septum and elongated palpal TA (Wallace 1942). Natural history Burrowing lycosids, not venturing far from their burrow (except mature males) (Wallace 1942).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B51FFE9FD945B79FCE15773.taxon	distribution	Distribution In its current composition Geolycosa is nearly cosmopolitan, recorded in all continents, except Antarctica, in tropical to temperate latitudes.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B51FFE9FD945B79FCE15773.taxon	discussion	Relationships Geolycosa is a polyphyletic genus, as shown by Piecentini et al. (2019). The morphology is possibly a convergence across Lycosinae, due to adaptation to a digging lifestyle. The type species is from North America, and it might not be related to the Old-World species. Composition 72 species are recorded in the World Spider Catalog (2022).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B50FFEEFD9E5E4CFAA453F1.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, 6 A, 7 A, 8 A, 21 A, 22 A	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B50FFEEFD9E5E4CFAA453F1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Large lycosids (carapace> 5 mm). 1 st eye row as wide as 2 nd eye row (PME). Front of cephalothorax square from above. 1 st eye row <0.5 width of front of carapace. Epigyne septum hammer-shaped, pedicel twice as long as than width of septum base. Terminal apophysis (TA) with prolateral spur. TA (incl. spur)> 0.5 width of bulb. The only species of Geolycosa in the Levantine region (Figs 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, 6 A). The only species in the Levant with a similar habitus is Hogna effera (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872). It is generally smaller, with septal pedicel as long as width of septum base, TA smaller than 0.5 width of bulb.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B50FFEEFD9E5E4CFAA453F1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined ISRAEL – Galilee • 2 ♂♂; Karmiel; [32.9168 ° N, 35.2946 ° E]; 30 Dec. 2016; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20960, HUJ INV-AR 20961.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B50FFEEFD9E5E4CFAA453F1.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history This is a burrowing species, found mainly in open, herbaceous habitats (Mcheidze 1997). Hibernation takes place in the burrow (at least in the north of its range) (Mcheidze 1997), juveniles emerge in springtime. Maturation takes about a year (Mcheidze 1997). The species is preyed upon by pompiliids, scorpions and centipedes, and the eggs are subject to mite infestations (Mcheidze 1997). The specimens examined in this study were found active in daytime in an urban meadow: one on the surface, the other in a burrow with a turret made of soil (Figs 7 A, 19 A, 21 A, 22, Table 4).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B50FFEEFD9E5E4CFAA453F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution AZERBAIJAN, BULGARIA, GEORGIA, HUNGARY, IRAN, RUSSIA, TURKEY, UKRAINE (World Spider Catalog 2022), ISRAEL. According to Mcheidze (1997), also SYRIA.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B50FFEEFD9E5E4CFAA453F1.taxon	discussion	Records ISRAEL: Galilee (Karmiel) (Fig. 1). Relationships Geolycosa vultuosa is related to Geolycosa charitonovi (Mcheidze, 1997) and Geolycosa dunini Zyuzin & Logunov, 2000 (Zyuzin & Logunov 2000). The type species of Geolycosa (G. latifrons Montgomery, 1904) is of Nearctic distribution. It may not be congeneric with the Palearctic species ascribed to Geolycosa. As the revision work needed to find the correct phylogenetic placement of G. vultuosa is widely beyond the scope of this work, we refrained from moving G. vultuosa to a different genus.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B57FFEFFDC65ACEFB435039.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Lycosa tarantula (Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B57FFEFFDC65ACEFB435039.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Large lycosids; anterior eye row clearly shorter than PME; epigyne septum tongue-shaped or rhomboid, confined to posterior half of epigyne; septal pedicel reduced or absent; TA wide and flat, ending with a distal process (TAT) directed retrolaterally to posteriorly (Zyuzin & Logunov 2000).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B57FFEFFDC65ACEFB435039.taxon	description	Description Large lycosids (body length over 12 mm). Carapace sloping posterior to ocular area. Carapace margins with thick pubescence (Zyuzin 1990). Chelicerae with three retromarginal teeth. AER recurved. PME wider than AER. Abdomen venter usually with black markings. Sexual dimorphism weak. Posterior part of epigynal septum widened and clearly outlined. Septal pedicle fused with genital groove or wholly absent. This contrasts with other large Lycosinae (Hogna, Geolycosa), having a clearly outlined pedicle. Cymbium asymmetrical. Tegular apophysis wide and flat, with an elongated distal process, directed retrolaterally to posteriorly. Embolus thin, long, with narrow epiconductor.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B57FFEFFDC65ACEFB435039.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history Generalist predators, typical of open habitats. Most species are burrowing, but some seem to be vagrant (Planas et al. 2013). The burrow entrance is usually modified with a door or a turret (an elevated structure made of silk and vegetation, surrounding the entrance). Activity is mostly nocturnal. Reproductive season recorded in the summer and autumn.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B57FFEFFDC65ACEFB435039.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from the Mediterranean Basin, eastern Europe, Middle East, central Asia and Japan (World Spider Catalog 2022).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B57FFEFFDC65ACEFB435039.taxon	discussion	Relationships Lycosa s. str. is related to Hogna Simon 1885 (Piacentini & Ramírez 2019). According to Zyuzin & Logunov (2000), Lycosa is closely allied with Alopecosa pictilis (Emerton, 1885), A. sibirica (Kulczyn´ski, 1908), A. solivaga (Kulczyn´ski, 1901) and A. hirtipes (Kulczyn´ski, 1908).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B56FFF3FD255977FDAA5764.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 5 A 1 F 6 AD- 14 B 4 - 488 F-BC 74 - A 2 B 5 E 240 A 86 B Figs 1, 2 B, 3 B, 4 B, 5 B, 6 B, 7 B, 8 B, 12 B, 23 – 24	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B56FFF3FD255977FDAA5764.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Male Recognized by pedipalp structure: TAT not bent posteriorly, directed retrolaterally. Contrasts with L. hyraculus sp. nov. by having TAT shorter than TAC (TAT as long as TAC in L. hyraculus sp. nov.). Contrasts with all other known males of Lycosa, with TAT bent posteriorly (Figs 2 B, 3 B, 4 B, 5 B, 6 B, 7 B, 8 B). Female Unknown.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B56FFF3FD255977FDAA5764.taxon	etymology	Etymology Species named after the order of Bene Gesserit, from Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel, Dune.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B56FFF3FD255977FDAA5764.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ISRAEL – Negev • ♂; Har Karkom; [30.28 ° N, 34.74 ° E]; 7 Sep. 2017; E. Gavish-Regev; col. sub.; collected at night; HUJ INV-AR 20631.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B56FFF3FD255977FDAA5764.taxon	description	Description Male HOLOTYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.2; ALE diameter: 0.18; PME diameter: 0.8; PLE diameter: 0.7; carapace length: 6.6; carapace width: 4.8; carapace maximal height: 2.1; abdomen length: 5.2; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 5.5, 2.5, 4.9, 5.5, 2.8; leg II: 5.1, 2.3, 4.6, 5.3, 2.9; leg III: 4.9, 2.4, 4.1, 5.9, 2.3; leg IV: 6, 2.6, 5.5, 8.2, 3.4. CARAPACE. Ocular area> ⅓ length of carapace, distinctly raised, making the carapace between PLE and fovea appear slightly concave in profile. COLOR. Carapace cream colored, with dark brown median bands, darker on margins, connecting to dark ocular area. Perimeter light brown. Sternum grey. Chelicerae reddish-brown. Abdomen yellow infused with light brown dorsad, cardiac mark brown, darker on margins. Abdomen venter with black patch surrounding epigastric fold, connecting to two parallel black bars stretching towards spinnerets (Π shaped patch). Spinnerets brown. Legs cream colored, infused with brown dorsad, yellow-grey ventrad, to reddish-brown distad, with two black bands on tibia. Coxae dark grey, trochanters brown. Pedipalps yellow, to dark brown distad (Figs 6 B, 7 B, 8 B). GENITALIA. Genital opening sclerotized, similar to subadult epigyne. Cymbium reddish-brown. Tegular apophysis (TA) lying flat on bulb, oriented retrolaterally. TAT highly sclerotized, dark brown, not bent posteriorly (unlike most other species of Lycosa), but slightly bent ventrad. Crest of TA (CTA) with smooth edge, and abrupt, rounded end at base of TAT. TAT shorter than width of CTA. Tip of conductor membranous, triangular, with smooth edges. Synembolus with large, slightly sclerotized lobe (SEL), on retrolateral edge (Figs 2 B, 3 B, 4 B, 5 B, 12 B). LEGS. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical triplet. Tibia I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tarsus with scopula.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B56FFF3FD255977FDAA5764.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history This species is nocturnal. A single juvenile male was collected at night, in September, at 650 m a. s. l., in a stony plain near Har Karkom, a secluded tableland in the hyperarid desert (annual precipitation <75 mm) (Fig. 1, Table 4). The specimen was mature after two molts in captivity, in August 2018. Like the closely related L. hyraculus sp. nov., it makes a burrow with a trapdoor. Shares habitat with L. piochardi. Reproductive season unknown.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B56FFF3FD255977FDAA5764.taxon	distribution	Distribution ISRAEL. Possibly endemic to the Har Karkom tableland or found throughout hyperarid zone.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B56FFF3FD255977FDAA5764.taxon	discussion	Records ISRAEL: Negev (Har Karkom) (Fig. 1). Relationships According to our molecular phylogeny, this species is the sister taxon of Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., and closely related to Lycosa oculata, Lycosa aff. oculata 1 and Lycosa aff. oculata 2 (Figs 21 – 24). Cephalothorax is similar to Lycosa macrophthalma Nadolny & Zamani, 2020 and it might be related to it as well. The single known male specimen was raised in the laboratory for two molts. This has probably affected the size of the adult spider. Even though we have observed an aberrant morphology in the genitalia of females grown in lab conditions, we have not observed the same in males, either of L. piochardi or of L. hyraculus sp. nov. We consider it highly probable that the diagnostic characters in the male’s pedipalp were not affected by the laboratory conditions. Although genitalia of other males of Lycosa grown in our laboratory did not show distortions (see discussion about distortions of female genitalia), we cannot dismiss the possibility that the pedipalps of specimens in the wild are somewhat different to the type specimen, which was raised in the laboratory. Notes The locality where the type was found is a remote and not easily reachable nature reserve, encircled by army training areas, that are closed to the public most of the year. There are only few occasions every year that access to the public is possible. As of the writing of this paper, we have not succeeded in collecting additional specimens.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B4AFFFAFDD45E5AFDDE55D4.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 8 BA 7 C 78 F-E 972 - 41 B 9 - B 7 AC-C 65 ECA 9 B 67 E 2 Figs 1, 2 C, 3 C, 4 C, 5 C, 6 C, F, 7 B, F, 8 B – D, 9 B, 10 B, 11 C – D, 12 C, 19, 21 B, 22 B, 23 – 24	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B4AFFFAFDD45E5AFDDE55D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Male TER not bent posteriorly, directed retrolaterally. Contrasts with L. gesserit sp. nov. by having TAT as long as CTA (TAT as shorter than CTA in L. gesserit). Contrasts with all other known males of Lycosa, with TER bent posteriorly (Figs 2 C, 3 C, 4 C, 5 C, 6 C, F, 7 C, 19).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B4AFFFAFDD45E5AFDDE55D4.taxon	description	Female Recognized by combination of characters: ocular area:> ⅓ length of carapace, distinctly raised, making the carapace between PLE and fovea appear slightly concave in profile. Epigyne: septal pedicel reduced, septum trapezoidal, broader proximally, wider than long. Copulatory openings narrow, at anterior end of septum. Carapace resembles L. oculata, L. suboculata, and L. macrophthalma, but in these species the septum is longer than wide. Carapace also resembles Lycosa sp., but in this species the copulatory openings are not visible in ventral view. Epigyne similar to L. piochardi and L. baulnyi, but in these species the ocular area is not distinctly raised, and is <⅓ length of carapace (Figs 6 C, F, 7 C, F, 9 B, 10 B, 11 C – D).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B4AFFFAFDD45E5AFDDE55D4.taxon	etymology	Etymology Species name from Hyrax. This species often leaves the entrance to its burrow open. This behavior reminded the authors of an Israeli nursery rhyme, in which “ the little hyrax forgot to close the door ”.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B4AFFFAFDD45E5AFDDE55D4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ISRAEL – Negev • ♂; Sede Zin; [30.854 ° N, 34.773 ° E]; 13 Aug. 2016; I. Steves leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20818. Paratype ISRAEL – Negev • ♀; same collection data as for holotype; HUJ INV-AR 20817. Other material examined EGYPT – Sinai • 1 juv.; Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea); [30.668 ° N, 34.366 ° E]; 13 Nov. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20840 • ISRAEL – Negev • 1 ♀; Ha-Ro’a Campsite; [30.876 ° N, 34.784 ° E]; 14 Jun. 2015; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20658 • 1 ♂; Haluqim ridge; [30.86 ° N, 34.77 ° E]; 24 Jul. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20663 • 1 juv.; Hawat Even Ari; [30.786 ° N, 34.77 ° E]; 3 Jan. 2018; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20942 • 1 ♂; Mamshit; 7 Nov. 2017; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20553 • 1 juv.; Midreshet Ben-Gurion; [30.854 ° N, 34.773 ° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20737 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20738 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20739 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20740 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20741 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20742 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20743 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20744 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20745 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20746 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20747 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20748 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20749 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20750 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20757 • 1 ♂; Mishor Yamin; [31.003 ° N, 35.1 ° E]; 11 May 2014; S. Aharon leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20855 • 1 ♂; Shivta camp; [30.9245 ° N, 34.6244 ° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; O. Erlichman leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20835 • 1 juv.; Tel Jaulan, Yeruham; [30.985 ° N, 34.904 ° E]; 10 Oct. 1962; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20836 • 1 ♀; Yeruham; [30.985 ° N, 34.9 ° E]; 1 Apr. 2017; A. Novikova leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20523 • 1 juv.; same locality as for preceding; 29 Jul. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20616 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20620 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20617 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20618 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20619 • 1 ♀; same locality as for preceding; 2 Jun. 2016; E. Zvik; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20665 • 1 juv.; same locality as for preceding; 19 Jul. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20868 • 1 ♂; Yeruham Park; 2 Jun. 2016; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20874 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20875.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B4AFFFAFDD45E5AFDDE55D4.taxon	description	Description Male HOLOTYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.4; ALE diameter: 0.35; PME diameter: 1.25; PLE diameter: 0.99; carapace length: 9.71; carapace width: 7.28; carapace maximal height: 3.59; abdomen length: 6.9; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 7.9, 3.54, 6.45, 6.48, 3.67; leg II: 7.31, 3.7, 5.58, 6.93, 3.76; leg III: (missing), 2.88, 5.03, 6.82, 3.57; leg IV: 8.99, 3.56, 7.14, 9.35, 4.07. VARIATION IN MALES COLLECTED AS ADULTS (n = 2, all other male adults collected as juveniles). AME diameter: 0.28 – 0.44; PME diameter: 0.9 – 1.19; carapace length: 0.78 – 10.03; carapace width: 0.59 – 7.75; carapace maximal height: 2.78 – 3.36; abdomen length: 5.9 – 6.5; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 6.44 – 7.7, 3.02 – 3.68, 5.5 – 6.7, 5.84 – 7.3, 3 – 3.23; leg II: 6.19 – 8.2, 2.7 – 3.6, 5 – 6.36, 5.66 – 7.36, 3.1 – 3.8; leg III: 5.85 – 7.66, 2.4 – 3.36, 4.5 – 5.72, 6.2 – 7.58, 2.8 – 3.43; leg IV: 7.5 – 9.42, 2.8 – 3.59, 6.06 – 10, 8.03 – 10.33, 4.03 – 4.26. CARAPACE. Ocular area> ⅓ length of carapace, distinctly raised, making the carapace between PLE and fovea appear slightly concave in profile. COLOR. Carapace cream colored, with light brown median bands, radiated and darker on margins, connecting to dark ocular area. Perimeter light brown. Sternum black. Chelicerae reddish-brown. Abdomen yellow infused with light brown dorsad, cardiac mark brown, darker on margins. Abdomen venter black posterior to epigastric fold. Genital opening brown. Spinnerets black. Legs cream colored, infused with brown dorsad, yellowish ventrad, to reddish-brown distad, with two black bands on tibia. Coxae dark grey, trochanters brown. Pedipalps yellow, to dark brown distad (Figs 6 C, 7 C, 8 C – D). COLOR VARIATION IN MALES (n = 5). Abdominal black patch sometimes traspezoidal, narrow distad; sometimes short, not reaching spinnerets. Spinnerets sometimes grey, brown or yellow. GENITALIA. Genital opening sclerotized, similar to subadult female epigyne. Cymbium reddish-brown. Tegular apophysis (TA) lying flat on bulb, oriented retrolaterally. TAT highly sclerotized, dark brown, not bent posteriorly (unlike most other species of Lycosa), slightly bent ventrad. CTA with smooth edge, and abrupt, rounded end at base of TAT. Tip of conductor membranous, triangular, with smooth edges. Synembolus with small, slightly sclerotized lobe (SEL), on retrolateral edge (Figs 2 C, 3 C, 4 C, 5 C, 19). LEGS. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tibia I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tarsus with scopula. Female PARATYPE MEASUREMENTS. AME diameter: 0.44; PME diameter: 1.6; carapace length: 10.97; carapace width: 7.96; carapace maximal height: 3.96; abdomen length: 10.88; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 8.18, 3.75, 6.07, 5.62, 3.1; leg II: 7.56, 3.7, 5.56, 6.03, 3.1; leg III: 6.34, 3.28, 5, 6.72, 3.29; leg IV: 8.25, 3.66, 6.84, 8.66, 3.75. VARIATION OF AN ADDITIONAL FEMALE COLLECTED AS ADULT (n = 1, all other female adults collected as juveniles). AME diameter: 0.55; PME diameter: 1.35; carapace length: 10.7; carapace width: 8.2; carapace maximal height: 4.02; abdomen length: 9.98; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 8, 3.9, 6.3, 5.5, 3.17; leg II: 8.06, 4, 5.87, 6.26, 3.6; leg III: 7.45, 3.6, 5.56, 6.94, 3.53; leg IV: 9.64, 3.7, 7.46, 10.2, 4.23. CARAPACE. Similar to male. COLOR. Similar to male. No significant variation observed (Figs 6 F, 7 F, 8 C). GENITALIA. Epigyne longer than wide. Septal pedicel reduced, narrower than septum. Septum trapezoidal, wider proximally, about as long as proximal part of epigyne. Copulatory openings narrow, flanking septal pedicel. Spermatheca dark brown, compact, distal part arching laterally. Head of spermatheca distinctly wider than sperm duct, subcircular, positioned anterior to copulatory opening (Figs 9 B, 10 B, 11 C – D). LEGS. Similar to male.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B4AFFFAFDD45E5AFDDE55D4.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history This species is nocturnal. Females were collected March, June, August and September. Males collected June, August and September. Subadult females were collected April and June. Subadult males were collected May, July and September. Juveniles were collected January, June, July and October (Table 4). Reproductive season unknown. This species inhabits loess soils in arid desert environments (annual precipitation 75 – 200 mm). The burrow usually with a modification in the form of a thin, flexible door made of silk and soil, and hinged to the entrance with silk. Rarely an object such as a piece of soil crust or a flat stone can be used as a door. The door is often left open. The spiders are usually found at night, standing near the burrow, rarely on rocks or vegetation. Captive specimens accept a wide variety of insects, similar to other species of Lycosa (Steves et al. 2017) (Figs 8 C – D, 21 B, 22 B).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B4AFFFAFDD45E5AFDDE55D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution EGYPT, ISRAEL.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B4AFFFAFDD45E5AFDDE55D4.taxon	discussion	Records EGYPT: Sinai (Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea )). ISRAEL: Negev (Ha-Ro’a Campsite, Haluqim ridge, Hawat Even Ari, Mamshit, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Mishor Yamin, Sede Zin, Shivta camp, Yeruham) (Fig. 1). Relationships According to our molecular phylogey, this species is the sister taxon of Lycosa gesserit sp. nov., and closely related to Lycosa oculata, Lycosa aff. oculata 1 and Lycosa aff. oculata 2. The cephalothorax is morphologically similar to Lycosa macrophthalma Nadolny & Zamani, 2020 and the species might be related to it as well (Figs 23 – 24).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B41FFC8FDCF5D1FFBB05792.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2 D, 3 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D, G, 7 D, G, 9 C – L, 10 C – L, 11 E – F, 12 D, 13 – 18, 21 C – D, 22 C – D, 23 – 27	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B41FFC8FDCF5D1FFBB05792.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Male Tegular apophysis tip (TAT) bent posteriorly at ~ 90 ° (in L. hyraculus sp. nov. TA unbent posteriorly). CTA (Fig. 2 D) serrated (in L. hyraculus CTA smooth-edged), not wider than TA (in L. praegrandis, Fig. 2 E, CTA wider than TA). Tip of conductor membranous, triangular, smooth-edged (in the similar L. praegrandis it is semicircular and unevenly toothed) (Figs 2 D, 3 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D, 7 D, 12 D, 13). Female Epigyne: septal pedicel reduced, septum subtriangular to trapezoidal, proportions vary greatly! Copulatory openings narrow, at anterior end of septum. Distal part of spermatheca (Fig. 10 C – L) bent dorso-ventrally (in the similar L. praegrandis it is bent distally, so that the left spermatheca twists counterclockwise, Fig. 10 M). Head of spermatheca elongated, not much wider than spermatheca. Both sexes distinguished from other levantine Lycosa by habitus: ocular area <⅓ length of carapace, not raised (Figs 6 G, 7 G, 9 C – L, 10 C – L, 11 E – F).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B41FFC8FDCF5D1FFBB05792.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SYRIA • ♀; 1876; M. Ch. Piochard de la Brûlerie leg.; MNHN 2076 (not examined). Paratypes SYRIA • 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN 1266 (examined) Other material examined EGYPT – Sinai • 1 ♀; Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea); [30.668 ° N, 34.366 ° E]; 13 Nov. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20838 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20839 • 1 ♀; Mt. Catherine; [28.56 ° N, 33.95 ° E]; 16 Aug. 1968; Tsabar leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20860 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Jul. 1968; HUJ INV-AR 20862 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Aug. 1968; HUJ INV-AR 20861 ISRAEL and PALESTINE – Coastal Plain • 1 ♂; Ashdod sands; [31.763 ° N, 35.633 ° E]; 19 Jun. 2020; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20734 • 1 ♂; Be’eri; [31.42 ° N, 34.48 ° E]; 22 Sep. 2011; HUJ INV-AR 20923 • 1 ♀; east Holon (near Yamit 2000); [32 ° N, 34.793 ° E]; 20 Jul. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20735 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Jul. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20782 • 1 juv.; ETSEL memorial monument, Lod; [31.9404 ° N, 34.8658 ° E]; 28 May 2014; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20779 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20780 • 1 ♀; Gaza area; [31.5 ° N, 34.46 ° E]; 1942; HUJ INV-AR 20895 • 1 ♂; grove near Drezner st., Tel Aviv; [32.1295 ° N, 34.808 ° E]; 18 Jun. 2019; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20730 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20731 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20732 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20733 • 1 ♀; Hadera sands; [32.461 ° N, 34.885 ° E]; 23 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20759 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20760 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20761 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Jul. 2019; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20787 • 1 ♀; Hatsor; [31.77 ° N, 34.71 ° E]; 2008; HUJ INV-AR 20897 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20898 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20899 • 1 ♀; Jaffa-Rehoboth; [31.95 ° N, 34.78 ° E]; May 1913; I. Aharoni leg.; SMFD 2184 • 1 ♀; Kfar Bialik; [32.82 ° N, 35.087 ° E]; 17 Sep. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20913 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2018; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20950 • 1 ♀; Mavo Ashdod; [31.84 ° N, 34.7 ° E]; 24 Aug. 2015; HUJ INV-AR 20926 • 1 ♂; Nitzanim; [31.739 ° N, 34.623 ° E]; 11 Jul. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20683 • 1 ♂; Nitzanim sands; 7 Aug. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20572 • 1 ♀; Oranim boarding School, Rishon LeTsiyon; [31.944 ° N, 34.805 ° E]; 24 Aug. 2013; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20762 • 1 ♀; Ramat-Gan; [32.08 ° N, 34.81 ° E]; 1947; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20526 • 1 ♂; Rehovot; [31.8992 ° N, 34.8363 ° E]; 5 Sep. 2019; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20788 • 1 ♀; Savyon; [32.04 ° N, 34.87 ° E]; 29 Sep. 1972; HUJ INV-AR 20937 • 1 ♀; Superland, Rishon LeTsiyon; [31.9748 ° N, 34.74235 ° E]; 6 Sep. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20790 • 1 ♀; Talmei Menashe; [31.941 ° N, 34.853 ° E]; 28 May 2014; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20781 • 1 juv.; Tel Akko; [32.9212 ° N, 35.0877 ° E]; 20 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20736 • 1 ♀; Tel Baruch, Tel Aviv; [32.13 ° N, 34.789 ° E]; 22 Aug. 2020; D. Simon leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20584 • 1 ♀; Tel Kofer, Tel Aviv; [32.04 ° N, 34.807 ° E]; 12 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20685 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20686 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20687 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20688 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20689 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20690 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20691 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20692 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20693 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20694 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20695 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20696 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20697 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20698 • ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20699 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20700 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20701 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20702 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20703 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20704 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20705 • 1 ♀; Tel Michal, Herzlia; [32.162 ° N, 34.8 ° E]; 16 Jun. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. sub; HUJ INV-AR 20716 • 1 ♀; Tira; [32.234 ° N, 34.934 ° E]; 17 Jun. 2019; A. Topper leg.; col. sub; HUJ INV-AR 20548 • 1 juv.; Yashresh nature reserve, Rehovot; [31.9155 ° N, 34.8304 ° E]; 9 Mar. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20813. – Dead Sea Area • 1 ♀; Ein Feshkha; [31.716 ° N, 35.451 ° E]; 15 May 1935; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20530 • 1 ♀; Hawat Einot Kedem; [31.928 ° N, 35.4301 ° E]; 2 Jun. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20621 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20622 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20623 • 1 ♀; Jericho; [31.85 ° N, 35.46 ° E]; 12 Dec. 1987; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20837 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Nov. 1971; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20904. – Galilee • 1 ♀; Adamit; [33.081 ° N, 35.21 ° E]; 10 Aug. 1964; HUJ INV-AR 20903 • 1 ♀; Ahihud forest; [32.92 ° N, 35.19 ° E]; 10 Oct. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20556 • 1 ♀; Biq`at Qedesh; [33.13 ° N, 35.54 ° E]; 13 May 2015; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20588 • 1 ♂; Dishon; [33.085 ° N, 35.519 ° E]; 14 Aug. 2014; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20589 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20590 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20591 • ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20592 • 1 ♀; Eilon; [33.059 ° N, 35.224 ° E]; 24 Jul. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20763 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20764 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20765 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20766 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20767 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20768 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20769 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20770 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20771 • 1 ♂; Har Eliezer; [33.044 ° N, 35.55 ° E]; Sep. 1995; HUJ INV-AR 20955 • 1 ♀; Kfar HaHoresh; [32.7 ° N, 35.27 ° E]; 9 Oct. 1968; Gershoni leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20679 • 1 ♂; Kfar Kisch; [32.67 ° N, 35.45 ° E]; 19 Aug. 2008; HUJ INV-AR 20917 • 1 ♀; Moreshet; [32.825 ° N, 35.232 ° E]; 23 Sep. 2018; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20924 • 1 juv.; Mt. Meron; [32.99 ° N, 35.41 ° E]; 9 Apr. 1967; Pener leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR 20853 • 1 ♂; Nahal Snir; [33.235 ° N, 35.676 ° E]; 9 Jul. 1992; R. Kasher leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20854 • 1 ♀; Nahal Tzippori; [32.75 ° N, 35.19 ° E]; 30 Apr. 2018; D. Ben Natan leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20576 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20577 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; I. Tesler leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20821 • 1 ♀; north Yiftah; [33.134 ° N, 35.548 ° E]; 9 – 17 Sep. 2015; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20633 • 1 juv.; Ramot Naftali; [33.1 ° N, 35.547 ° E]; 13 May 2014; sub. female.; HUJ INV-AR 20905 • 1 ♀; Safed; [32.966 ° N, 35.491 ° E]; 2 Oct. 1967; Blondheim leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20574 • 1 ♀; Yavne’el; [32.697 ° N, 35.5 ° E]; 1 Aug. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20869 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20870 • 1 ♂; Yuvalim; [32.877 ° N, 35.27 ° E]; 3 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20785 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 2017; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20783 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Aug. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20786 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 2017; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20784 • 1 ♂; Zar’it; [33.085 ° N, 35.51 ° E]; 9 – 18 Aug. 2014; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20634 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Aug. 2014; HUJ INV-AR 20594 • 1 ♂; Zavit cave; [33.038 ° N, 35.306 ° E]; 23 Aug. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20598. – Golan Heights • 1 ♀; Horvat Susita; [32.777 °, 35.663 ° E]; 26 Jul. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20607 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20608 • ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20609 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20610 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20611 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20612 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20613 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR 20614 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20615 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20664 • 1 ♀; Nahal Yehudiya; [32.926 ° N, 35.7003 ° E]; 24 May 2015; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20567 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [32.9221 ° N, 35.678 ° E]; 3 Jun. 2015; HUJ INV-AR 20569 • 1 juv.; Odem Forest; [33.22 ° N, 35.75 ° E]; 14 Jun. 1972; P. Amitai leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR 20841 • 1 ♀; Qatsrin; [32.988 ° N, 35.677 ° E]; 7 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg. v; HUJ INV-AR 20791 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20792 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20793 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20794 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20795 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20796 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20797 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20798 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20799 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20800 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20801 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20802 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20803 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20804 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20805 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20806 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20807 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20808 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20809 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20810 • 1 ♂; Waset (Wassit); [33.139 ° N, 35.733 ° E]; 19 Jul. 1970; HUJ INV-AR 20918. – Hermon • 1 juv.; Hermon; [33.3 ° N, 35.78 ° E]; 23 Jun. 2017; N. Givon leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20834 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [33.28 ° N, 35.75 ° E]; 6 Apr. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR 20847 • 1 ♀; Hermon; [33.29 ° N, 35.759 ° E]; 1400 m a. s. l.; 2 Jun. 2017; A. Uzan leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20549 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [33.28 ° N, 35.75 ° E]; 6 Apr. 1971; HUJ INV-AR 20949 • 1 juv.; Hermon; [33.3043 ° N, 35.7882 ° E]; 2000 m a. s. l.; 9 Sep. 1971; Lebovits leg.; dolina; HUJ INV-AR 20832 • 1 juv.; Hermon (dolina near peak 2072); 23 Jun. 2017; N. Givon leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20833 • 1 ♀; Hermon (near upper chairlift station); [33.306 ° N, 35.784 ° E]; 9 Jun. 2019; D. David leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20583 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [33.3061 ° N, 35.7851 ° E]; 14 Jul. 2019; EGR, MC; HUJ INV-AR 20674 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [33.304 ° N, 35.789 ° E]; 23 Jun. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20758 • 1 ♀; Nabi Hazuri; [33.251 ° N, 35.729 ° E]; 24 Aug. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20772 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20773 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20774 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20775 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20776. – Emeq Yizra'el • 1 ♀; Kfar Baruh Reservoir; [32.643 ° N, 35.218 ° E]; 16 Sep. 2019; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20710 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20711 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20712 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20713 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20714 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20715 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [32.641 ° N, 35.219 ° E]; 6 Feb. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20789 • 1 juv.; Sarid; [32.6674 ° N, 35.229 ° E]; 22 Jun. 2020; Y. Zvik leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR 20962. – Jordan Valley • 1 ♀; Ashdot Ya’akov; [32.66 ° N, 35.578 ° E]; 5 Aug. 1972; Zevi leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20894 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 1971; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20957 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20958 • 1 ♀; Ein Sukkot; [32.365 ° N, 35.547 ° E]; 11 May 2017; B. Shacham leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20557 • 1 ♀; Karei Deshe; [32.862 ° N, 35.536 ° E]; 16 Sep. 2013; HUJ INV-AR 20910 • 1 ♀; Maoz Haim; [32.4935 ° N, 35.5517 ° E]; 30 Jan. 1943; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20534 • 1 ♀; Menahemia; [32.664 ° N, 35.5538 ° E]; 22 Sep. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20871 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 24 May 2017; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR 20927 • 1 ♂; Nahal Hagal; [32.631 ° N, 35.554 ° E]; 21 Jun. 2015; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20921 • 1 ♀; Sde Eliyahu; [32.441 ° N, 35.514 ° E]; 23 Jun. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20872 • 1 ♀; Southern Jordan Valley; [32.2471 ° N, 35.5588 ° E]; 23 Apr. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20564 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [32.0446 ° N, 35.5166 ° E]; 24 Apr. 2017; HUJ INV-AR 20566. – Judea • 1 juv.;`Ayn ad Duyuk (near Jericho); [31.8959 ° N, 35.4222 ° E]; 8 Jun. 1978; P. Amitai leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR 20848 • 1 ♀; Alon; [31.833 ° N, 35.352 ° E]; Jan. 2016; D. Waysman leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20585 • 1 ♀; Arad; [31.26 ° N, 35.21 ° E]; 9 Dec. 2015; HUJ INV-AR 20953 • 1 ♀; Arad Cemetery; [31.273 ° N, 35.229 ° E]; 31 Jul. 2018; J. Ballesteros Chaves leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20822 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20823 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20824 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20825 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20826 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20827 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20828 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20829 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20830 • 1 ♀; Beit Guvrin; [31.61 ° N, 34.9 ° E]; 4 Apr. 2015; A. Uzan leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20552 • 1 ♀; Beit Nir; [31.65 ° N, 34.868 ° E]; 31 Jan. 2015; HUJ INV-AR 20941 • 1 ♀; Ben Shemen; [31.95 ° N, 34.92 ° E]; 21 May 2017; B. Shacham leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20563 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Jul. 1956; J. Machlis leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20831 • 1 juv.; Bet Yatir; [31.357 ° N, 35.11 ° E]; 17 Apr. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20911 • 1 ♀; Biq`at Qanna’im; [31.316 ° N, 35.276 ° E]; 5 Aug. 2019; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20880 • 1 ♀; Bor`Atin; [31.3125 ° N, 35.26 ° E]; 3 May 2018; Y. Zvik leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20878 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20879 • 1 juv.; Canada Park; [34.9954 ° N, 31.8427 ° E]; 13 Jun. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; sub. male; HUJ INV-AR 20707 • 1 ♀; Gazelle Valley; [31.759 ° N, 35.196 ° E]; 25 May 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20777 • 1 ♀; Givat Ram, Jerusalem; [31.777 ° N, 35.197 ° E]; 28 Dec. 2014; HUJ INV-AR 20936 • 1 ♂; Har Amasa; [31.343 ° N, 35.103 ° E]; 17 Apr. 2018; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20562 • 1 juv.; Har Hardon; [31.339 ° N, 35.191 ° E]; 8 May 2018; D. Ben-Natan leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20580 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20581 • 1 juv.; Holyland hotel, Jerusalem; [31.784 ° N, 35.233 ° E]; 24 Apr. 1975; faunistics course leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20676 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 15 Apr. 1980; HUJ INV-AR 20909 • 1 ♂; Horkanya valley; [31.719 ° N, 35.364 ° E]; 14 Mar. 2016; B. Shacham leg.; col. sub; HUJ INV-AR 20560 • 1 ♀; Jerusalem; [31.75 ° N, 35.2 ° E]; 30 Sep. 1935; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20537 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1 Mar. 1935; HUJ INV-AR 20531 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Summer 1938; HUJ INV-AR 20547 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Oct. 1929; HUJ INV-AR 20532 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. 1953; HUJ INV-AR 20535 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Sep. 1937; HUJ INV-AR 20538 • 1 ♀; 10 Dec. 1951; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20528 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [31.76 ° N, 35.18 ° E]; 31 Oct. 1953; HUJ INV-AR 20540 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Jun. 1954; HUJ INV-AR 20544 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Apr. 1953; HUJ INV-AR 20545 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [31.75 ° N, 35.2 ° E]; 4 Oct. 1958; Golani leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20680 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1948; HUJ INV-AR 20896 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20900 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20901 • 1 ♂; Judean Desert (road 3199); [31.314 ° N, 35.299 ° E]; 25 Aug. 2017; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20551 • 1 ♀; Kfar Daniel; [31.9342 ° N, 34.9372 ° E]; 3 Oct. 2017; B. Shacham leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20570 • 1 ♀; Kiryat Anavim; [31.81 ° N, 35.12 ° E]; 10 Oct. 1937; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20527 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1936; HUJ INV-AR 20525 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Sep. 1938; HUJ INV-AR 20948 • 1 ♀; Kiryat Shmuel, Jerusalem; [31.769 ° N, 35.211 ° E]; 28 Oct. 1940; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20935 • 1 juv.; Ma’ale Adumim; [31.77 ° N, 35.3 ° E]; 3 May 1977; Broza leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20575 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Jun. 1974; Tsabar leg.; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR 20864 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; sub. male; HUJ INV-AR 20865 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Aug. 1973; HUJ INV-AR 20916 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Oct. 1972; HUJ INV-AR 20931 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 2018; sub. male, col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20954 • 1 ♀; Maon ridge; [31.41 ° N, 35.17 ° E]; 23 May 2017; B. Shacham leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20565 • 1 juv.; Mar Saba; [31.705 ° N, 35.331 ° E]; 7 Jul. 1967; A. Shulov leg.; sub. male; HUJ INV-AR 20546 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20951 • 1 juv.; Matsleva cave; [31.772 ° N, 35.206 ° E]; 1 Aug. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20919 • 1 ♀; Modi’in; [31.89 ° N, 34.978 ° E]; 10 Oct. 2012; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20587 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [31.9 ° N, 34.98 ° E]; 20 Aug. 2013; HUJ INV-AR 20595 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20596 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [31.89 ° N, 34.978 ° E]; 11 – 20 Apr. 2012; I. Bernstein leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20967 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [31.9 ° N, 34.96 ° E]; Apr. 2012; HUJ INV-AR 20814 • 1 ♂; Modi’in (near Pa’ate Modi’in train station); [31.897 ° N, 34.964 ° E]; 20 Aug. 2013; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20597 • 1 ♀; Negohot; [31.493 ° N, 34.983 ° E]; 2 Jun. 2019; B. Shacham; leg. col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20568 • 1 juv.; Ramat Rachel; [31.74 ° N, 35.22 ° E]; 29 Apr. 1980; faunistics course leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20677 • 1 juv.; South Hebron Mountains; [31.5 ° N, 35.04 ° E]; 14 May 2018; B. Shacham leg.; sub. female, col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20561 • 1 ♀; Valley of the Cross; [31.772 ° N, 35.206 ° E]; 15 Oct. 2012; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20593 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 15 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20708. – Karmel • 1 ♂; Isfiya; [32.72 ° N, 35.06 ° E]; 26 Aug. 1971; HUJ INV-AR 20933 • 1 juv.; Mt. Carmel; [32.56 ° N, 34.95 ° E]; 15 Jul. 1955; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20842 • 1 ♀; Ramat Hanadiv; [32.72 ° N, 35.06 ° E]; 5 Oct. 2012; E. Gavish-Regev and R. Raven leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20669 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20670 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20671 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20672 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20673 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 5 – 6 Oct. 2012; with eggsac; TAUZMar 50544 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [32.552 ° N, 34.944 ° E]; 14 Dec. 2017; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20906 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; hatched in capt.; HUJ INV-AR 20907 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; hatched in capt.; HUJ INV-AR 20908 • 1 ♀; Zikhron Ya’akov; [32.57 ° N, 34.95 ° E]; 4 Dec. 1937; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20541 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20542. – Negev • 1 juv.; Arad; [31.269 ° N, 35.208 ° E]; 30 May 1968; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20539 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [31.256 ° N, 35.218 ° E]; 15 Mar. 2018; D. David leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20582 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [31.26 ° N, 35.2 ° E]; 15 Jun. 1969; faunistics course leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20675 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [31.269 ° N, 35.208 ° E]; 30 May 1968; HUJ INV-AR 20678 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [31.256 ° N, 35.218 ° E]; 15 Mar. 2018; I. Tesler leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20820 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [31.269 ° N, 35.208 ° E]; 20 Dec. 1962; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20845 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [31.26 ° N, 35.21 ° E]; 23 Oct. 1968; Tsabar leg.; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20863 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Aug. 1964; HUJ INV-AR 20928 • ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20929 • 1 ♀; Ariel Sharon Camp; [31.053 ° N, 34.837 ° E]; 5 Aug. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20628 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20629 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Jan. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20811 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20812 • 1 juv.; Avdat; [30.79 ° N, 34.77 ° E]; 30 Apr. 1957; Pener leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20852 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [30.794 ° N, 34.772 ° E]; 4 Jul. 2016; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20946 • 1 ♀; Be’er Mash’abim; [31.015 ° N, 34.76 ° E]; 15 Jan. 1946; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20529 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Dec. 1956; Pener leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20849 • 1 ♀; Be’er Milka; [30.935 ° N, 34.408 ° E]; 4 Aug. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20667 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20668 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Jun. 2017; INV-AR 20932 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Aug. 2018; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20947 • 1 ♀; Be’er Sheva; [31.271 ° N, 34.817 ° E]; 15 Nov. 2017; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20709 • 1 juv.; Brosh; [31.37 ° N, 34.63 ° E]; 29 Jun. 1967; Pener leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20851 • 1 ♀; Dimona ridge; [31.08746 ° N, 35.04686 ° E]; 31 Apr. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20624 • 1 ♀; Ezuz; [34.46041 ° N, 30.78654 ° E]; 21 Jan. 2020; D. Ben-Natan leg.; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20578 • 1 ♂; Giv’ot Bar; [31.358 ° N, 34.753 ° E]; 10 Apr. 2018; co. sub. died molting; HUJ INV-AR 20902 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 8 May 2018; co. sub. died molting; HUJ INV-AR 20952 • 1 ♀; Gvaot Goral; [31.34 ° N, 34.83 ° E]; 4 Apr. 2018; B. Shacham leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20571 • 1 ♀; Ha-Ro’a Campsite; [30.876 ° N, 34.784 ° E]; 5 Aug. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20627 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20630 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Jun. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20649 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20650 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20652 • 1 ♀; Haluqim ridge (near Midreshet Ben-Gurion); [30.854 ° N, 34.768 ° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20752 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20753 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20754 • 1 juv.; Har Karkom; [30.28 ° N, 34.74 ° E]; 7 Oct. 2017; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20632 • 1 ♀; Hawat Even Ari; [30.786 ° N, 34.77 ° E]; 11 Jun. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20651 • 1 juv.; Hirbet Rimon; [31.3712 ° N, 34.8646 ° E]; 24 Mar. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20925 • 1 ♀; Holot`Agur; [30.93 ° N, 34.408 ° E]; 17 Sep. 2017; HUJ INV-AR 20912 • 1 juv.; Irus HaNegev; [31.0854 ° N, 34.6809 ° E]; 3 Mar. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20944 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20945 • 1 ♀; Lehavim; [31.37 ° N, 34.82 ° E]; 28 Jun. 2017; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. sub; HUJ INV-AR 20666 • 1 ♀; Lipa Gal lookout; [30.822 ° N, 34.741 ° E]; 21 Mar. 2018; D. Ben-Natan leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20579 • 1 ♀; Mamshit; [31.03 ° N, 35.06 ° E]; 24 Mar. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20533 • 1 juv.; Mamshit; [31.03 ° N, 35.06 ° E]; 11 Apr. 2018; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20550 • 1 ♀; Mash’abim dunes; [31.015 ° N, 34.76 ° E]; 23 Feb. 2020; I. Magalhaes leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20816 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [31.002 ° N, 34.74 ° E]; Aug. 2020; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20956 • 1 juv.; Merhav Am (near Har Qatum); [30.8543 ° N, 34.7688 ° E]; 29 Jun. 2020; sub. male; HUJ INV-AR 20938 • 1 ♂; Midreshet Ben-Gurion; [30.85 ° N, 34.78 ° E]; 26 Jul. 2017; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20606 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; Apr. 2013; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20636 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 2013; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR 20635 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [30.874 ° N, 34.79 ° E]; 21 Jul. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20963 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20964 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 17 May 2016; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20660 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [30.8543 ° N, 34.7688 ° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20751 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; sub. female; HUJ INV-AR 20756 • 1 ♂; Mitzpe Ramon; [30.6632 ° N, 34.8157 ° E]; 13 Jun. 2019; B. Shacham leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20559 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [30.6128 ° N, 34.8039 ° E]; 25 Jun. 2015; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20930 • 1 ♀; Nahal Dumiya, Arad; [31.256 ° N, 35.219 ° E]; 4 Apr. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20626 • 1 ♀; Nahal Gmalim; [31.088 ° N, 35.225 ° E]; 24 Sep. 2019; A. Uzan leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20555 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Sep. 2018; B. Shacham leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20558 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20656 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20657 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Mar. 2018; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20637 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Apr. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20638 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20639 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20640 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20641 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20642 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20643 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20644 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20645 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20647 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20681 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Dec. 2019; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20706 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Apr. 2019; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20778 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Sep. 2019; S. Aharon leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20857 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20858 • 1 ♀; Nahal Hamarmar; [31.087 ° N, 35.234 ° E]; 11 Apr. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20646 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20648 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20682 • 1 ♂; Nahal Nafha; [30.733 ° N, 34.824 ° E]; 30 Apr. 1959; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20536 • 1 ♀; Nahal Revivim; [31.044 ° N, 34.717 ° E]; 28 Jun. 2018; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20934 • 1 ♀; Nahal Tavia; [31.256 ° N, 35.218 ° E]; 15 Mar. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20659 • 1 ♀; Nitzana; [30.887 ° N, 34.423 ° E]; 29 Aug.; HUJ INV-AR 20939 • 1 juv.; 30 May 1957; HUJ INV-AR 20940 • 1 juv.; Park Yeruham; [30.985 ° N, 34.9 ° E]; 6 Apr. 2018; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20881 • 1 juv.; Reches Boker (Boker ridge), near road 40; [30.9502 ° N, 34.7792 ° E]; 3 Jan. 2020; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20625 • 1 juv.; Sand Dunes 15 km S of Be’er Sheva; [31.114 ° N, 34.815 ° E]; 29 May 1980; Pener leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20850 • 1 ♀; Sede Zin; [30.854 ° N, 34.773 ° E]; 1 Aug. 2016; I. Steves leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20819 • 1 juv.; Shivta camp; [30.9245 ° N, 34.6244 ° E]; 22 Oct. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20755 • 1 ♀; upper Nahal Ashalim; [31.079 ° N, 35.225 ° E]; 11 Apr. 2018; Alon leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20554 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Apr. 2018; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20653 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20654 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20655 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [31.088 ° N, 35.225 ° E]; 12 Sep. 2018; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20684 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [31.079 ° N, 35.225 ° E]; S. Aharon leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20856 • 1 ♀; West of Netivot; [31.414 ° N, 34.557 ° E]; 17 Sep. 2019; I. Armiach Steinpress leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20717 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20718 • ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20719 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20720 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20721 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20722 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20723 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20724 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20725 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20726 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20727 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20728 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20729 • 1 juv.; Yeruham; [30.985 ° N, 34.9 ° E]; 5 Jun. 1954; A. Shulov leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20543 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [30.985 ° N, 34.904 ° E]; 10 Apr. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20586 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Apr. 1967; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20843 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20844 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [30.985 ° N, 34.9 ° E]; 2 Jun. 2017; Y. Zvik leg.; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20876 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [30.985 ° N, 34.904 ° E]; 28 May 2017; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20873 • 1 juv.; Yeruham Park (near ruins); [30.985 ° N, 34.899 ° E]; 30 Mar. 2017; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20877. – Samaria • 1 ♀; Ari’el; [32.103 ° N, 35.173 ° E]; 20 Jan. 2015; HUJ INV-AR 20920 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 2014; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20959 • 1 ♀; Barkan; [32.108 ° N, 35.105 ° E]; 28 Nov. 2011; Z. Ganem leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20891 • 1 juv.; Ein Dor; [32.655 ° N, 35.416 ° E]; 3 May 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20945 • 1 ♀; Gilboa; [32.51 ° N, 35.41 ° E]; 22 Sep. 1976; HUJ INV-AR 20922 • 1 ♀; Hemdat, Umm Zoka; [N 32.25 °, E 35.525 °]; 14 Mar. 2018; A. Schmida leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20524 • 1 ♀; Ibthan; [32.369 ° N, 35.048 ° E]; 26 Mar. 2018; Z. Ganem leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20890 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Oct. 2019; HUJ INV-AR 20883 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Aug. 2019; HUJ INV-AR 20893 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Dec. 2017; with eggsac; HUJ INV-AR 20892 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Oct. 2019; with eggsac (hatched 28 Oct. 2019); HUJ INV-AR 20884 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Dec. 2017; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20889 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Aug. 2018; HUJ INV-AR 20882 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Jul. 2018; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20885 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Jul. 2019; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20886 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20887 • 1 juv.; Jatt; [32.397 ° N, 35.036 ° E]; 19 May 2018; Z. Ganem leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20888 • 1 juv.; Lower Nahal Yitspor; [32.495 ° N, 35.433 ° E]; 24 Jun. 2019; E. Gavish-Regev leg.; HUJ INV-AR 620599 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [32.49578 ° N, 35.43363 ° E]; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20600 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [32.4945 ° N, 35.4336 ° E]; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20601 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; [32.49521 ° N, 35.43121 ° E]; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20602 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [32.49495 ° N, 35.43307 ° E]; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20603 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [32.49494 ° N, 35.43307 ° E]; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20604 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [32.495 ° N, 35.433 ° E]; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20605 • 1 ♂; Megiddo; [32.578 ° N, 35.179 ° E]; 27 Jul. 1959; P. Amitai leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20846 • 1 ♀; Mehola; [32.364 ° N, 35.515 ° E]; 6 Oct. 2020; Y. Zvik leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20965 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; HUJ INV-AR 20966 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; [32.36318 ° N, 35.507 ° E]; 10 Jun. 2018; col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20866 • 1 juv.; same collection data as for preceding; [32.364 ° N, 35.515 ° E]; 10 Oct. 2018; sub. female, col. juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20867 • 1 ♀; Mehora; [32.164 ° N, 35.423 ° E]; 12 May 2018; I. Ihia leg.; col. sub.; HUJ INV-AR 20815 • 1 juv.; Wadi Al-Far’a; [32.27 ° N, 35.35 ° E]; 12 May 1972; Tsabar leg.; HUJ INV-AR 20859. JORDAN • 1 ♀; Jerash; [32.28 ° N, 35.89 ° E]; 17 Nov. 1945; HUJ INV-AR 20914 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; with juv.; HUJ INV-AR 20915. LEBANON • 1 ♀; Lebanon; “ ??? ”; Kulchinsky leg.; SMFD 11934, jar 834.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B41FFC8FDCF5D1FFBB05792.taxon	description	Description Male VARIATION IN MALES (n = 54). ALE diameter: 0.3 – 0.39; AME diameter: 0.25 – 0.45; PLE diameter: 0.67 – 0.73; PME diameter: 084 – 1.19; carapace length: 6.6 – 11.71; carapace width: 5 – 8.96; carapace maximum height: 2.5 – 3.19; abdomen length: 5.2 – 9.18; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 5.56 – 9.07, 2.8 – 4.56, 5.3 – 7.91, 5.65 - 8.85, 2.95 – 4.38; leg II: 5.4 – 8.94, 2.8 – 4.39, 5 – 7.53, 5.36 – 8.96, 3.23 – 4.22; leg III: 5.42 – 7.78, 2.27 – 3.56, 4.4 – 6.6, 5.34 – 8.81, 2.99 – 4.13; leg IV: 6.79 – 9.83, 2.73 – 4.19, 5.88 – 8.77, 8.19 – 12.56, 4.99 – 4.79. CARAPACE. Low, gently sloping posteriorly. Ocular area <⅓ length of carapace. COLOR. Carapace light brown, with dark brown median bands, connecting to dark ocular area. Perimeter dark brown. Sternum black. Chelicerae reddish-brown. Abdomen yellow infused with light brown dorsad, cardiac mark brown. Abdomen venter with black patch, orange on margins. Spinnerets brown. Legs light brown, greyish ventrad, to dark brown distad, with two black bands on tibiae. Coxae and trochanters black. Pedipalps light brown (Figs 6 D, 7 D, 16 – 17). COLOR VARIATION IN MALES (n = 52). Coloration varies greatly. General coloration may be sand-yellow (almost as light as Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov.), grey, light brown, reddish-brown and dark brown (Fig. 17). The lighter specimens usually found in arid environments. Black patch on abdomen may be covering the whole ventral side, a part of it (this is the most common condition) or, in rare cases, be altogether absent. GENITALIA. Cymbium reddish-brown, asymmetrical. Tegular apophysis (TA) lying flat on bulb, oriented retrolaterally. TAT highly sclerotized, dark brown, bent posteriorly at ~ 90 °. Crest of TA with unevenly serrated edge, tapering towards TAT. Tip of conductor membranous, triangular, with smooth edges. Synembolus with an indistinct, unsclerotized retrolateral edge (Figs 2 D, 3 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D, 7 D, 12 D, 13). LEGS. Metatarsus I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tibia I ventral spination: 2 pairs + apical pair. Tarsus and metatarsus with scopula. Female FEMALE PARATYPE (MNHN 1266) MEASUREMENTS. ALE diameter: 0.4; AME diameter: 0.5; PLE diameter: 0.95; PME diameter: 1.2; carapace length: 11.7; carapace width: 8.9; carapace maximum height: 3.6; abdomen length: 10; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 8.2, 4.8, 6.6, 6.8, 3.8; leg II: 7.8, 4.2, 6.4, 6.5, 3.7; leg III: 7, 3.8, 5.7, 7.5, 3.6; leg IV: 9.5, 4.3, 7.9, 11, 4.3. VARIATION IN FEMALES (n = 172). ALE diameter: 0.32 – 0.44; AME diameter: 0.32 – 0.53; PLE diameter: 0.68 – 1.05; PME diameter: 0.82 – 1.3; carapace length: 6.26 – 14.29; carapace width: 4.61 – 10.89; carapace maximum height: 2.37 – 4.08; abdomen length: 7.51 – 11.73; leg I (Fe, Pa, Ti, Mt, Tr): 4.99 – 9.44, 2.61 – 5, 3.91 – 7.93, 3.58 – 7.79, 2.13 – 3.91; leg II: 4.88 – 8.85, 2.2 – 4.9, 4.07 – 7.14, 3.9 – 7.49, 2.21 – 3.94; leg III: 4.43 – 8.48, 2.17 – 4.19, 3.68 – 6.6, 4.06 – 8.26, 2.24 – 3.63; leg IV: 5.87 – x, 2.53 – 4.8, 4.8 – 8.9, 6.41 – 12.26, 2.82 – 4.54. CARAPACE. As in male. COLOR. As in male (Figs 6 G, 7 G, 14, 16 – 17). GENITALIA. Epigyne: oval, longer than wide, anterior tip pinched, merging with background. Septal pedicel reduced. Septum less than ½ epigyne length, subtriangular, as long as wide, slightly constricted posteriorly, tips rounded. Atria reduced to slits, slightly widening posteriorly. Copulatory openings narrow, at anterior end of septum. Two low, parallel ridges anterior to copulatory openings. Vulva: distal part of spermathecae narrow, oriented dorso-ventrally (parallel). Head of spermatheca elongated, conical, not much wider than spermatheca, oriented vendtrad, positioned anteriorly to copulatory opening (Figs 6 G, 7 G, 9 C – L, 10 C – L, 11 E – F). VARIATION IN FEMALE GENITALIA (n = 241). Epigyne: proportions vary greatly! General shape of epigyne oval to pentagonal; as long as wide to much longer than wide; sometimes asymmetrical in relation to septum. Septum triangular to trapezoidal, almost rectangular, wider than long to longer than wide. Copulatory openings, usually reduced to slits, but rarely a little wider. Wide copulatory openings sometimes appear in laboratory-raised specimens (not found in the wild, Fig. 27). Anterior edges of atria aligned or prolaterally slanting, wider or narrower than septal pedicel. Ridges anterior to copulatory openings sometimes accentuated with dark color. Vulva: head of spermatheca often with protrusions (‘ warts’) in random places. Distal part of spermatheca sometimes slightly undulating (Figs 9 – 10). LEGS. As in male.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B41FFC8FDCF5D1FFBB05792.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history The species is mostly nocturnal, but diurnal activity in winter is suspected. Females were collected throughout the year. Females carrying eggs or juveniles were collected September through January, with a single specimen from June. 79 % of adult females (167 specimens) were collected July – October. Males were collected in April, July – October and December. 86 % of the males (45 specimens) were collected in July – September. Subadult females were collected in March – July and October. Subadult males were collected in January and March – August. Juveniles were collected throughout the year (Table 4). Twenty seven of the specimens kept in the laboratory lived for more than a year. Specimen HUJ INV-AR 20813 was collected as a young juvenile, lived for 26 months and moulted ten times, before dying as a subadult (Fig. 26). Lycosa piochardi is found in a wide range of climates: dry summer continental climate, Mediterranean, steppe, arid desert and hyperarid desert, spanning altitudes of 380 m b. s. l. to 2400 m a. s. l., and average precipitations of 21 mm to 1150 mm. It is most commonly found in low scrub, grasslands and habitats with bare ground. Lycosa piochardi is abundant in natural and agricultural areas, but is very uncommon in urban environments. The burrow is built in open ground, in a great variety of soil types: from stabilized sand to alluvial clay soils and rocky regosols. The burrow opening is usually modified, with a short turret, made of vegetation held together with silk. Yet, it is not rare to find turretless entrances. Some turrets are found sealed with silk in autumn. One burrow (specimen HUJ INV-AR 20912) found in a sandy substrate had a full silk lining. In rare cases L. piochardi is found in a retreat under a stone. Lycosa piochardi is a generalist predator, feeding on a wide variety of prey species. Captive specimens readily accept crickets, cockroaches, honeybees, flies, butterflies, pholcid spiders and other soft-bodied arthropods (personal observation). Beetles and bugs were usually rejected, yet wild specimens were observed feeding on Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Figs 16 – 17, 21 C – D, 22 C – D, 25 – 26).	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B41FFC8FDCF5D1FFBB05792.taxon	distribution	Distribution EGYPT, IRAN, ISRAEL, LEBANON, PALESTINE, SYRIA, TURKEY.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
1C43EA6E9B41FFC8FDCF5D1FFBB05792.taxon	discussion	Records EGYPT: Sinai (Al-Qusaymah (Kadesh Barnea), Mt. Catherine). ISRAEL and PALESTINE: Coastal Plain (Akko, Ashdod, Be’eri, Gaza, Hadera, Hatsor, Herzlia, Holon, Kfar Bialik, Lod, Nitzanim, Ramat-Gan, Rehovot, Rishon LeTsiyon, Savyon, Talmei Menashe, Tel Aviv, Tira), Dead Sea Area (Ein Feshkha, Hawat Einot Kedem, Jericho), Galilee (Adamit, Ahihud forest, Biq`at Qedesh, Dishon, Eilon, Her Eliezer, Kfar HaHoresh, Kfar Kisch, Moreshet, Mt. Meron, Nahal Tzippori, Ramot Naftali, Snir, Yavne’el, Yiftah, Yuvalim, Zar’it, Zavit cave), Golan Heights (Horvat Susita, Nahal Yehudiya, Odem forest, Qatsrin, Waset), Hermon (Givon, Nabi Hazuri, upper chairlift station), Emeq Yizra'el (Kfar Baruh, Sarid), Jordan Valley (Ashdot Ya’akov, Ein Sukkot, Karei Deshe, Maoz Haim, Menahemia, Nahal Hagal, Sde Eliyahu, Southern Jordan Valley), Judea (`Ayn ad Duyuk, Alon, Arad, Beit Guvrin, Beit Nir, Ben Shemen, Bet Yatir, Biq`at Qanna’im, Bor`Atin, Canada Park, Har Amasa, Har Hardon, Horkanya valley, Jerusalem, Kfar Daniel, Kiryat Anavim, Kiryat Shmuel, Ma’ale Adumim, Maon ridge, Mar Saba, Modi’in, Negohot, Ramat Rachel, South Hebron Mountains), Karmel (Isfiya, Ramat Hanadiv, Zikhron Ya’akov), Negev (Ariel Sharon camp, Avdat, Be’er Mash’abim, Be’er Milka, Be’er Sheva, Brosh, Dimona ridge, Ezuz, Giv’ot Bar, Gvaot Goral, Haluqim ridge, Har Karkom, Hirbet Rimon, Holot ‘ Agur, Irus HaNegev, Lehavim, Lipa Gal lookout, Mamshit, Merhav Am, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Mitzpe Ramon, Nahal Gmalim, Nahal Hamarmar, Nahal Ashalim, Nahal Nafha, Nahal Revivim, Netivot, Nitzana, Yeruham, Shivta camp), Samaria (Ari’el, Barkan, Ein Dor, Gilboa, Hemdat, Ibthan, Jatt, Megiddo, Mehola, Mehora, Wadi Al-Far’a). JORDAN: Jerash. SYRIA (Fig. 1) Relationships According to our molecular phylogeny, this species is closely related to Lycosa baulnyi (Figs 23 – 24). Notes We could not locate the holotype of Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, either in its original repository in the MNHN or in other collections. For the identification we used a paratype (MNHN 1266, Fig. 18) that was collected with the holotype and identified by Simon. We examined the holotype of Lycosa piochardi infraclara Strand, 1915 (SMFD 2184). We synonymize it with L. piochardi, as its morphology (Figs 9 F, 10 F) falls within the normal range of L. piochardi morphology and is described from the typical area of distribution for this species. We could not locate the holotype of Allocosa olivieri (Simon, 1876), but judging from the locality (the Jordan Valley) and the shape of the epigyne in the illustration (Simon 1876: pl. 3 fig. 10), it should probably be synonymized with L. piochardi. A male specimen (BMNH 742) collected by Koch in Sardarapat (Armenia) was originally identified as L. piochardi. Our examination shows it to be L. praegrandis, with a characteristic semicircular conductor, rather than a triangular one. Lycosa piochardi was recently recorded by Zamani et al. (2021) from Iran. The epigynes and spermathecae presented in the paper (Zamani et al. 2021: fig. 8) bear great resemblance to the material examined by us. However, the Iranian specimens differ by having stouter spermathecae with bulbous heads (unlike the elongated heads in our material). A molecular phylogeny may help to decide whether the specimens are indeed L. piochardi, or represent a closely related, but separate species.	en	Steinpress, Igor Armiach, Cohen, Mira, Pétillon, Julien, Chipman, Ariel D., Gavish-Regev, Efrat (2022): Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904. European Journal of Taxonomy 832 (1): 1-54, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.832.1877
