taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B787E9822B135B25A5813BFA2EFC88.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Eusparassus dufouri Simon, 1932, subsequent designation by Simon (1932). The type species was misidentified by Simon (1903) under the name “ E. argelasius ” sensu Latreille, 1818. The females misidentified by Latreille (1818) under the name “ Micrommata argelasia ” were type specimens which are not available. Thus, the neotype was designated from Montalvão (Portugal), re-described and illustrated by Moradmand and Jäger (2012 a) [for more details on the nomenclature, see Moradmand and Jäger (2012 b)].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9822B135B25A5813BFA2EFC88.taxon	materials_examined	Cercetius Simon, 1902: 253 (description of juvenile, holotype examined from Dibba, Persian Gulf). Simon 1903: 1020, 1023, 1026; Jäger & Kunz 2005: 170, figs 201 – 204 (illustration of juvenile holotype) [see the nomenclatural note in the description of Cercetius perezi Simon, 1902, below].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9822B135B25A5813BFA2EFC88.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Eusparassus is easily diagnosable from other members of subfamily Eusparassinae by the presence of two pairs of ventral tibial spines on legs I – IV (three pairs in Pseudomicrommata, Arandisa, Leucorchestris Lawrence, 1962 and Carparachne Lawrence, 1962); from Olios (subfamily Sparassinae) by a combination of characters including the presence of intermarginal denticles in some Eusparassus spp. (absent in Olios spp.), presence of a single bristle on the anterior margin of cheliceral basal segment below fangs but that number can reach a maximum of five (mostly> 10 in Olios spp.). However, the best characters to distinguish between these two morphologically closely similar genera are those of the copulatory structures. In Eusparassus spp. the male palp is characterized by embolus and tegulum nearly of the same length arranged as a U-shaped structure, presence of embolus membrane (EM) [EM can be considered a well developed pars pendula, personal communication with C. A. Rheims], lack of any tegulum apophysis (Fig. 1); female epigyne shows two large lateral lobes (LL), and simple straight copulatory ducts leading to a more complex turning loop (TL) (Fig. 2).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9822B135B25A5813BFA2EFC88.taxon	description	Description. See Moradmand and Jäger (2012 a).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9822B135B25A5813BFA2EFC88.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history and habitat preferences. The knowledge on the biology of stone huntsman spiders is quite scanty. They produce large silken papery retreats attached to the underside of stones or in crevices of rocks. They hide during the day in these retreats and also use them to moult in. The excuvia are mostly found within the abandoned retreats (personal observation). Females construct a sealed egg-sac inside the larger retreat and guard it until the spiderlings hatch. In E. walckenaeri (Audouin, 1826), it took nearly one month from pre-larval stage to hatching stage (Gabriel 2011). Like most Sparassidae, the stone huntsman spiders are nocturnal predators. They are known from semi-arid pine forest in the Atlas Mountains and the borders of the Sahara in Northern Africa to the Wahiba sand dunes and Wadis in Arabia, from the Mediterranean area to Central Asian deserts and the slopes of the Himalayas, and throughout the Eastern and Southern African Savannah to the arid borders of the Namib and Kalahari deserts. They can occur in very high elevations above sea level (e. g., E. pontii up to 3000 – 4000 m in Himalayas, Moradmand & Jäger 2012 a). Earlier biological notes are restricted to some observations on the species E. walckenaeri by Gerhardt (1928, 1933) who documented his observations on the mating behaviour of this species (sub Sparassus sp. from Greece). Gabriel (2011) published his observations of the developments of spiderlings and some parasites and predators from Turkey.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9822B135B25A5813BFA2EFC88.taxon	discussion	Copulation. The first photographical documentation of the copulation process of palp and epigyne in the genus Eusparassus is recorded and presented here. Combining knowledge of the morphology of the copulatory structures in Eusparassus spp. and the detailed documentation on how they function in action provide some valuable data on the functional morphology of the pedipalp and epigyne. Juvenile specimens of E. walckenaeri were collected by Dr Peter Jäger in the Negev desert (during the 26 th European congress of Arachnology) in September 2011. Specimens were reared in captivity until they reached maturity in August 2012. On the 7 th of August, the female was housed in a glass terrarium (30 cm diameter x 20 cm high) and one day later, the male was introduced into the terrarium. A few minutes later, the male started searching and tracing the female. Suddenly he attacked her and tried to grab her by the legs and chelicerae but the female autotomized one leg and escaped. He fed on the leg of the female and subsequently killed a cricket roaming in the terrarium but did not consume it. The male approached the female again. This time the female did not struggle and the male seized her, face to face, using both his legs and chelicerae. He gently bit the female’s pedicel area between prosoma and opisthosoma and held her with his legs (Fig. 44 a). They remained in this position for a few seconds until the female was totally subdued and did not move till the end of mating. The male attempted to reach the female’s epigyne, first from her right side using his left palp but without inserting his embolus (Figs 44 b – d). Then he shifted to the left side of the female. The process of coupling palp and epigyne was initiated by anchoring the RTA (dRTA) into the posterior margin of epigyne between the lateral lobes (Figs 45 a, d), the male stretched his right palp next, which suddenly expanded and the embolus was inserted into the copulatory opening (Fig. 45 b). This observation (inserting dRTA into posterior margin between lateral lobes of epigyne) gives some evidence about a similar structure in the vulva which was recently recognized in the species of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999. This structure was named membranous sac (Msa) and is supposed to hold the dRTA during copulation (Jäger 2012). The Msa can be mistaken for intermediate tissue and muscles around vulva, and is usually removed during vulva preparation since its presence restricts the view on scleriotized vulva structures .. The Msa in Eusparassus species is located medially between the fertilization ducts (Figs 11 d, e). Another modification in the female copulatory organ might be the following: Eusparassus species with a more robust dRTA have special modifications dorsally of the median septum, from a simple hyaline structure (Fig. 2 b) to a sclerotized longitudinal band (Fig. 16 b) and even a complex folded structure (Fig. 36 b).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98229135D25A586F6FE99FDD9.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 3, 46 a – e, 59 a, b	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98229135D25A586F6FE99FDD9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Neotype of E. walckenaeri (subsequent designation by Moradmand and Jäger 2012 a): male, EGYPT: Muhafazat al Qahirah: Cairo [N 30 ° 3 ', E 31 ° 15 '], 1971 (SNSD 52); Holotype of Drassus civilis (designated by Reuss 1834): immatere, EGYPT: Sinai: Tor, 1827 Rüppell leg. (SMF 4575); Holotype of Sparassus validus (designated by Thorell, 1875 a): female, TURKAY: Taurus Mountains, (label: Taur. Merid., Ent. etikett nr = 232), Nordmann leg. (MZH 20.492). Other material examined. (16 ♂, 18 ♀♀): EGYPT: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MM 121), with same data as for neotype (SNSD); Muhafazat al Qahirah: 1 ♂, Helwan, March 1901, in house (NHM); 1 ♂, Fayid, gravel area, 15 April 1947, J. H. Graham leg. (NHM 1948.10.11.7); 1 ♂, Cairo, with label: “ Sparassus linnaei, Cairo, det. Kulczy ṅski, F. 1691 ” (MIZ 212984); Muhafazat al Qina: 1 ♂ (MM 3), 2 ♀♀ (MM 17, MM 206), Luxor (Al Uqsur), Thebes (SMF 5557); Muhafazat al Jizah: 1 ♂ (MM 7), Al Jizah (= Gizeh) (SMF 5576); Muhafazat al Suways: 1 ♀, Djebel Genaifa, W of Suez Canal, 9 June 1947, G. Konieczny leg. (SMF); 3 ♂, 7 ♀♀, 1 juv., “ Prof. J. Omer-Cooper SIWA Expedition 1935 ”, Libyan Desert, Siwa Oasis, 20 – 30 May (2 ♀♀, 1 juv.: NHM 1936.2.12.94 – 96, 2 ♂: NHM 1936.2.12.97 – 98), 29 April (1 ♂: NHM 1936.7.10.6), 22 July (1 ♀: NHM 1936.2.12.176), August (1 ♀: NHM 1936.2.12.157), 22 August (1 ♀: NHM 1936.2.12.177), 30 August (1 ♀: NHM 1936.2.12.560); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 18 October 1985, Sörensen & Kollend leg. (ZMUC); LIBYA: Baladiyat al Kufrah: 1 ♂, Jebel Uweinat, Karkur Talh [N 21 ° 54 ’, E 024 ° 58 ’], “ Mission Scientifique Belge ”, 25 October 1968 (MRAC 135886); 1 ♀, Baladiyat Shahhat, Susa (= Soussa) (MNHN 227.61); SUDAN: Wilayat al Khartoum: 1 ♂, Khartoum, July 1909, S. S. Floman leg. (NHM 09.10.13.1048); 1 ♀, 1 juv., Khartoum, October 1979, El Hamin El Rayal leg. (MRAC 152086 – 87); Wilayat al Bahar al Ahmar: 1 ♀, Gabet al Maadin, 20 km S of Mohammed Qul., 21 September 1960, Prof. J. C. Thompson leg. (NHM); ALGERIA: Wilaya d' El Oued: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, El Oued, C. I. E. coll: 13593 - 1559, 1953, L. Past al Ag leg. (NHM); Wilaya d' Illizi: 1 ♂, Fort Polignac, C. I. E. coll: 13593 - 3585, September 1953, L. Pastal Ag leg. (NHM); Wilaya d' Tamanghasset: 1 ♀, 1 juv., Tamarnaset, C. I. E. coll: 13593, 1953, L. Past al Ag leg. (NHM); TUNISIA: Gouvernorat de Gafsa: 1 ♂, Gafsa, 1904, Weiss leg. (MNHN); Gouvernorat de Kebili: 1 ♂. Kebili, Zaafrane 15 km w Douz, N 33 ° 26 ' 44.2 '', E 8 ° 54 ' 7.6 '', 21 May 2007, C. Muster leg. (CCM).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98229135D25A586F6FE99FDD9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Embolus tip (ET) retrolaterad and subsequently twisted distad (Fig. 1 d); dRTA extending laterodistally (Fig. 1 b); MS (compared to that of E. laevatus comb. nov.) enlarged and longer than wide (Figs 2 a; 3 a, c). [see also diagnosis for walckenaeri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98229135D25A586F6FE99FDD9.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 17, single measurement: MM 7): Measurements. Medium sized; total length 13.6 – 16.7, prosoma length 7.1 – 8.4, prosoma width 6.0 – 7.2, anterior width of prosoma 2.8 – 3.8, opisthosoma length 6.5 – 8.3, opisthosoma width 5.0 – 5.8. Eye diameters: AME 0.50, ALE 0.48, PME 0.47, PLE 0.51; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.44, PME-PLE 0.52, AME-PME 0.42, ALE-PLE 0.30, clypeus height at AME 0.63, clypeus height at ALE 0.69. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 to 5 posterior teeth (first three larger with additional smaller ones); cheliceral furrow with 8 to 20 intermarginal denticles; mostly with one bristle at distal end of cheliceral basal segment (Fig. 1 f). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs (MM 7): Palp 11.8 [3.8, 1.7, 2.2, 4.1], I 44.7 [12.0, 4.6, 12.2, 12.3, 3.6], II 48.1 [13.1, 4.8, 13.4, 13.2, 3.6], III 40.8 [11.7, 4.2, 11.2, 10.6, 3.1], IV 45.5 [12.5, 4.0, 12.0, 13.7, 3.3]. Spination. Palp 131, 001 / 101, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321 / 322; Patella I – IV 001 / 101; Tibia I – IV 2124 / 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium less than two times longer than tibia (Fig. 1 c); ET hyline and not covered by EM ventrally (Fig. 1 d); vRTA pointed and triangular in ventral view (Fig. 1 b). Female (ranges: n = 18, single measurement: MM 17): Measurements. Medium to large sized; total length 17.8 – 26.6, prosoma length 7.5 – 10.1, prosoma width 6.4 – 8.7, anterior width of prosoma 3.7 – 5.0, opisthosoma length 10.3 – 16.5, opisthosoma width 7.2 – 11.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.47, ALE 0.42, PME 0.44, PLE 0.51; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.19, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.41, PME-PLE 0.57, AME-PME 0.50, ALE-PLE 0.39, clypeus AME 0.71, clypeus ALE 0.65. Chelicerae. Chelicerae as in males. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 12.0 [3.6, 1.8, 2.5, 4.1], I 36.6 [10.0, 4.5, 9.2, 9.7, 3.2], II 40.6 [11.3, 4.9, 10.5, 10.7, 3.2], III 34.3 [10.1, 4.1, 8.8, 8.5, 2.8], IV 38.7 [11.0, 4.1, 9.7, 10.7, 3.2]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321 / 322; Patella I – IV 000 / 001; Tibia I – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3034 / 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF slightly longer than wide (Fig. 2 a) or as wide as long (Figs 3 a, c); MS lacking a sclerotized strip dorsally (Fig. 2 b); TL of vulva simply spherical (Fig. 3 b) or folded (Fig. 3 d). Colouration (Live). Varies from dark brown with darker W-shaped distinct pattern on prosoma, a series of chevrons on dorsal opisthosoma and surrounding additional dark patches; legs clearly banded (Figs 46 a, c – e) to a milky cream body decorated with fewer dark patches on prosoma and opisthosoma, femora not banded with dark rings (Fig. 46 b); ventral opisthosoma lacking dark marking (Fig. 46 d).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98229135D25A586F6FE99FDD9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species boundaries in walckenaeri species group remain obscure, despite distinguishing three valid species. Since E. walckenaeri shows a great similarity in copulatory structures in a vast area, it requires an additional and robust molecular investigation to uncover potential hidden diversity. For example, specimens from the Seychelles (MRAC 144729) examined by Benoit (1978) were studied and confirmed to be an Eusparassus sp. of the walckenaeri species group. Levy (1989) and Saaristo (2010) mentioned this record referring to Benoit (1978) but it seems that they did not study the specimens, as no illustration of the specimens appeared in their publications. These specimens closely resemble undescribed species from Eastern Africa and Arabia and were probably introduced to the islands by ships. Benoit (1978) stated that E. walckenaeri was introduced to the Seychelles Islands from the Mediterranean region. These specimens resemble E. walckenaeri but the diagnostic characters are neither sufficient to describe a new species nor to list them under E. walckenaeri. These speciemens are larger and more robust than E. walckenaeri and the epigyne has dorsally an additional sclerotized median band on the MS (Figs 9 d, e; 10 a – b), Gpo is located in a small circular depression on vulva but with considerable distance from TL (Figs 9 f, 10 e), compared to that of E. walckenaeri. The specimens from Somalia and Sudan have a similar dark pattern as E. walckenaeri group but with white background (Fig. 46 f) (instead of dark brown or creamy as in other walckenaeri group members). DNA barcoding from freshly collected samples hopefully will assist in any final decision. Known geographical distribution and habitat. From Greece in the North to Chad in the South and from Algeria in the West to Iraq in the East (Fig. 70 a), collected near vicinities of villages, orchards, stony deserts, living under stones.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9822C134125A5833DFC73F97A.taxon	description	Figs 4 – 6, 47 a – c, 59 c, d	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9822C134125A5833DFC73F97A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes (designated by Simon 1897 c): 1 ♀, 1 ♂, ETHIOPIA: 1 ♀, West of Shebelle River, (label: Sparassus laevatus Simon, Type, W of Shebeli River, 15.12.94), (NHM 97.11.10.55); 1 ♂ Shebelle River, (label: Sparassus laevatus Sim, Shebeli, 1.9.94) (NHM). Other material examined. (17 ♂, 15 ♀♀): ETHIOPIA: Afar Region: 1 ♂, Awash National Park, RAS Hotel, 08 ° 59 ’ N, 040 ° 10 ’ E, in gravely area, 5 October 1988, A. Russell-Smith leg. (MRAC 236211); 1 ♂, Awash National Park, RAS Hotel, 08 ° 59 ’ N, 040 ° 10 ’ E, in Caravan, 18 February 1986, A. Russell-Smith leg. (MRAC 236152); DJIBOUTI: Tadjourah Region: 3 ♂, 4 ♀♀, Tadjoura, Randa, 1958 [label: Coloniales Cote francaise de Somalies, Tadjoura, Roünda, 1958] (MNHN); SOMALIA: Nugal: 1 ♂, Run, Valle del Nogal, July 1969 (MRAC 173159); Gobolka Woqooyi Galbeed: 1 ♀, Somaliland, NE Hargeshia, 1111 m, 8 July 2011, F. Kovařík leg. (SMF, SD 841, MM 163); YEMEN: Muhafazat al Mahwit: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Ar Rujum, 16 October 2000 – 15 January 2001, in Malaise trap, A. van Harten & A. M. Hayer (15.26 N, 43.40 E, 1900 m) leg. No. 1500 (SMF); 2 ♂, Ar Rujum, 9 April – 5 June 2001, in Malaise trap, A. van Harten leg. No. 1500 (SMF); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Al Lahima, 1 January – 8 April 2001, in Malaise trap, A. van Harten leg. No. 1368 (SMF); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 12 km NW of Mankha, 5 May – 6 July 2001, in Malaise trap, A. van Harten leg. No. 1795 (SMF); Muhafazat Hadramawt: 1 ♀, Hadhramaut, D. Anderion (NHM 94.11.1); 1 ♀, Haraz Mountain, Southern slope of Al Lan, 2600 m, 23 June 2010, V. Hula & J. Niedobová (SMF, SD 813, MM 164); SAUDI ARABIA: 1 ♂, Arabian, A. B. Derewal leg. (NHM 99.12.2.16); Al Bahah: 1 ♂, Bani Sar, 29 February – 7 March 1984, W. Büttiker leg. (NMB); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, An-Namas, 17 April 1980, 2380 m, W. Büttiker leg. (NMB); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, An-Namas, 19 September 1980, 2380 m, W. Büttiker leg. (NMB); 1 ♀, Wadi Damad, 800 m, 24 September 1981, W. Büttiker leg. (NMB); OMAN: 1 ♂, Mudhaybi, 530 m, N 22 ˚ 12 ', E 58 ˚ 06 ', camp 12, 12 March 1986, W. Büttiker leg. (NMB); Muhafazat Zufar: 1 ♀, ca. 40 km NE Dhofar, Tawi Atayr, Wadi Hinna, Salah Collection permit granted to Prof. Weygoldt No. 07 / 2000, 23 September 2000, S. Huber leg. (SMF, MM 32); UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Ra's al Khaymah: 1 ♀, Wadi Shawkah, 5 – 12 May 2007, in water trap, A. van Harten leg. (SMF, MM 49)	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9822C134125A5833DFC73F97A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Closely similar to E. walckenaeri but males differ in shape and direction of dRTA which extends disto-ventrally (Fig. 4 a); female differ in having MS reduced in size (Figs 5 a; 6 a, d); Gpo situated in an indentation in connection with TL collar forming a continuous ridge (Figs 5 b – c, 6 b – c) [see also diagnosis for walckenaeri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9822C134125A5833DFC73F97A.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 18, single measurement: syntype): Measurements. Medium sized; total length: 12.3 – 15.7, prosoma length 5.8 – 7.5, prosoma width 4.5 – 6.7, anterior width of prosoma 2.1 – 3.6, opisthosoma length 6.5 – 8.2, opisthosoma width 3.5 – 5.2. Eye diameters: AME 0.50, ALE 0.40, PME 0.37, PLE 0.43, Eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.36, PME-PLE 0.38, AME-PME 0.39, ALE-PLE 0.23, clypeus height at AME 0.25, clypeus height at ALE 0.41. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 or 5 posterior teeth; cheliceral furrow with intermarginal denticles. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 9.4 [3.1, 1.1, 1.7, 3.5], I 35.0 [9.2, 3.6, 9.6, 9.7, 2.9], II 37.1 [10.2, 3.7, 10.0, 10.3, 2.9], III 30.9 [9.0, 3.1, 8.0, 8.2, 2.6], IV 35.2 [10.0, 3.0, 9.1, 10.2, 2.9]. Spination. Palp 131, 001 / 101, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321 / 322; Patella I – IV 001 / 101; Tibia I – IV 2124 / 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium longer than tibia but not more than twice tibia length (Fig. 4 b); vRTA pointed and triangular (Fig. 4 a); ET retrolaterad first and slightly distad (Fig. 4 c). Female (ranges: n = 17, single measurement: syntype): Measurements. Medium sized; total length: 16.3 – 18.1, prosoma length 7.0 – 8.6, prosoma width 6.2 – 7.5, anterior width of prosoma 3.5 – 4.3, opisthosoma length 9.3 – 9.5, opisthosoma width 6.3 – 6.5. Eye diameters: AME 0.51, ALE 0.37, PME 0.36, PLE 0.41; Eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.23, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.50, PME-PLE 0.45, AME-PME 0.37, ALE-PLE 0.23, clypeus AME 0.43, clypeus ALE 0.56. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 to 5 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow with 8 to 20 intermarginal denticles; one bristle at distal end of cheliceral basal segment (Fig. 5 e). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.0 [2.8, 1.5, 2.0, 3.7], I 29.7 [7.8, 3.7, 7.7, 8.0, 2.5], II 32.5 [9.2, 3.7, 8.5, 8.6, 2.5], III 26.8 [8.2, 3.2, 6.7, 6.6, 2.1], IV 30.7 [9.1, 3.1, 7.8, 8.3, 2.4]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321 / 322; Patella I – IV 000 / 001; Tibia I – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3034 / 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF slightly wider than long (Fig. 5 a) or as long as wide (Figs 6 a, d); longitudinal sclerotized strip on MS present (Fig. 6 b) or absent (Fig. 5 b); CD short, vulva robust and compact (Figs 5 c, 6 c) compared to other walckenaeri group members. Colouration (Live). Yellowish brown with distinct dark pattern on prosoma, dorsal opisthosoma with a long cardiac mark, legs clearly banded (Fig. 47 b) to paler bands (Fig. 47 c); specimen in ethanol reddish brown with pale body (Fig. 47 a).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9822C134125A5833DFC73F97A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Simon (1897 c) described only the female of E. laevatus comb. nov. but he listed two different field numbers corresponding to specimens collected from the type locality, Shebelle River (Simon 1897 c: 389). My investigation in the collection of NHM revealed that the second number (1.9.94) refers to a male sympatrically collected from the type locality and definitely examined by Simon (1897 c). According to Article 72.4.1 of the Code (ICZN 1999), the male belongs to the type series, and is, as the female, a syntype. The type specimens were collected by the American investigator, A. D. Smith during “ The first expedition from Somaliland to Lake Lamu ” in 1893 – 94. The female is redescribed but the male, even though it is a syntype, is described for the first time. Known geographical distribution and habitat. East Africa from southern Ethiopia to the horn of Africa in Somalia and Djibouti (new country record), and the Arabian Peninsula in Yemen (new country record), Saudi Arabia (new country record) and Oman (new country record) (Fig. 70 a).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98231134425A5822EFE7AFD50.taxon	description	Figs 7 – 8, 47 d – e, 59 e – f	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98231134425A5822EFE7AFD50.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: male, SAUDI ARABIA: Mintaqat ar Riyad: Wadi Mizbil [N 24 ˚ 30 ', E 46 ˚ 25 '], 13 April 1977, W. Büttiker leg. (NMB-ARAN 20666). Paratypes (4 ♂, 1 ♀): SAUDI ARABIA: 1 ♂, same data as for holotype (SMF); Mintaqat al Hail: 1 ♀, Wadi Naqben [in Jebel Aja Mountain], N 27 ˚ 41 ', E 41 ˚ 38 ', 1050 m, 27 May 1981, W. Büttiker leg. (NMB-ARAN 20667); Mintaqat Makkah: 1 ♂, Abha, Asir Mountains, 2200 m, April 1977, Dr. C. Lowe leg. (NHM); 1 ♂, Abulat Island, Red Sea, “ Mission de la Calypso Mer Rouge 1952 ”, Cherbounier leg. (MNHN); UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Dubayy: 1 ♂, Barasti, Jumeriah, 1964, Peck leg. (AMNH).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98231134425A5822EFE7AFD50.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the type locality. Adjective.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98231134425A5822EFE7AFD50.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is the only walckenaeri group member with PLE distinctly larger than AME (~ 1.2 times) (Figs 7 d, 47 d – e); male palp closely similar to that of E. walckenaeri (especially ET) but can be easily recognized by the more slender and longer dRTA and less developed vRTA (Figs. 7 a – b) [see also diagnosis for walckenaeri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98231134425A5822EFE7AFD50.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 5, single measurement: holotype): Males medium-sized; total length 13.2, prosoma length 6.7, prosoma width 5.8, anterior width of prosoma 2.8, opisthosoma length 6.5, opisthosoma width 4.6. Eye diameters: AME 0.44, ALE 0.50, PME 0.46, PLE 0.53, eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.14, AME-ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.30, PME-PLE 0.33, AME-PME 0.38, ALE-PLE 0.25, clypeus height at AME 0.35, clypeus height at ALE 0.40. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 to 4 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow with intermarginal denticles (Fig. 7 e). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.6 [3.6, 1.6, 2.2, 3.2], I 40.4 [10.7, 4.2, 11.2, 11.5, 2.8], II 44.9 [12.1, 4.2, 12.8, 12.7, 3.1], III 38.6 [11.1, 3.7, 10.9, 10.3, 2.6], IV 41.4 [12.0, 4.0, 11.4, 11.3, 2.7]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 322; Patella I – IV 001 / 101; Tibia I – IV 2124 / 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with generally elongated and slender palp, cymbium slightly longer than tibia, dRTA elongated, vRTA not pointed (Figs 7 a – b); ET retrolaterad and twisted at its distal end, ET covered partially by conductor (Fig. 7 c). Female (n = 1, paratype): Large sized; total length: 21.3, prosoma length 8.5, prosoma width 7.6, anterior width of prosoma 4.3, opisthosoma length 12.8, opisthosoma width 8.5. Eye diameters: AME 0.51, ALE 0.56, PME 0.54, PLE 0.63. Eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.41, PME-PLE 0.46, AME-PME 0.53, ALE-PLE 0.41, clypeus height at AME 0.42, clypeus height at ALE 0.55. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 posterior teeth; cheliceral furrow with 10 intermarginal denticles. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 11.6 [3.5, 1.7, 2.3, 4.1], I 36.4 [10.2, 4.3, 9.4, 9.8, 2.7], II 40.4 [11.3, 4.6, 11.5, 1.3, 2.7], III 34.8 [10.5, 4.0, 9.3, 8.6, 2.4], IV 38.3 [11.0, 4.0, 10.2, 10.5, 2.6]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 322; Patella I – II 000, III – IV 001; Tibia I – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. EF slightly longer than wide, EF fused anterioly with a bridge but AMLL not encircling MS entirely (Fig. 8 a); CD membranous (Fig. 8 b), TL spherical and robust (Fig. 8 c). Colouration [in ethanol]. Reddish to yellowish brown with darker W-shaped patches on prosoma, remains of cardiac mark on dorsal opisthosoma and legs with pale bands (Figs 47 d, e). Known geographical distribution and habitat. Endemic to Northern Arabian Peninsula collected from wadis and oases (Fig. 70 a).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98234134425A58619FEBCFADB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Opisthosoma ventrally with a distinct dark marking (Figs 48 b, d; 49 b, f); chelicerae without intermarginal denticles (Figs 13 e, 15 d, 23 e); male palp with ST reduced in size and mostly not visible (Figs 12 a, 15 a, 17 a, 20 a, 22 a); female epigyne with fused AMLL encircling MS entirely (Figs 11 c, 13 a, 16 a, 18 a, 21 a, 23 a, f) Species composition. Eight species: Eusparassus dufouri Simon, 1932; E. barbarus (Lucas, 1846); E. oraniensis (Lucas, 1846); E. fritschi (Koch, 1873) stat. rev.; E. letourneuxi (Simon, 1874); E. atlanticus Simon, 1909 stat. nov.; E. syrticus Simon, 1909 and E. levantinus Urones, 2006.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98234134425A58619FEBCFADB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. From Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain) to North-western Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya) (Fig. 70 b).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98234134425A58619FEBCFADB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Identification of females in the dufouri group is difficult; therefore a combination of characters must be used to identify the species, including eye pattern and structures of vulvas. Males are easily distinguishable by the shape of RTA and ET. Eusparassus fritschi stat. rev. is removed from synonymy with E. oraniensis. Eusparassus atlanticus stat. nov. which was subspecies of E. dufouri is elevated to species level, for comparison the nominate species (E. dufouri) is illustrated (Figs 11 a – e) [for more details see Moradmand and Jäger 2012 a: figs 2 – 3, 23 C].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98234134825A58092FE16F846.taxon	description	Figs 12 – 14, 49 a – b, 60 e – f	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98234134825A58092FE16F846.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes (designated by Simon 1909): 7 ♀♀ and 1 immature ♀, MOROCCO: Region de Doukkala-Abda: Djebel Demnata (= Demnate), Jar N. 1669, Simon N. 5732 (MNHN). Other material examined. MOROCCO: Region de Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Marrakesh, Sidi Mimoun, G. Buchat leg. 1903 (MNHN); Region de Souss-Massa-Draa: 1 ♀ (MM 21), ca. 20 km S of Tizi-n-Test, under stone in retreat, 23 July 2000, S. Huber leg. (SMF).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98234134825A58092FE16F846.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male differentiated by simple pointed and retrolaterad ET (Fig. 12 c) and slightly curved dRTA (Fig. 12 a); compared to other congeners in dufouri group, LL and MS more elongated (Figs 13 a, 14 a, b) [see also diagnosis for dufouri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98234134825A58092FE16F846.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 1, MM 191): Measurements. Medium sized; total length 13.3, prosoma length 6.5, prosoma width 5.8, anterior width of prosoma 2.7, opisthosoma length 6.8, opisthosoma width 4.7. Eye diameters: AME 0.37, ALE 0.28, PME 0.26, PLE 0.31; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.25, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.40, PME-PLE 0.47, AME-PME 0.35, ALE-PLE 0.30, clypeus height at AME 0.20, clypeus height at ALE 0.28. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 posterior teeth; cheliceral furrow lacking intermarginal denticles. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 8.7 [2.8, 1.2, 1.4, 3.3], I 30.0 [8.2. 3.1, 7.3, 8.6, 2.8], II 32.9 [9.2, 3.1, 8.3, 9.5, 2.8], III 27.1 [7.9, 2.7, 6.5, 7.4, 2.6], IV 30.7 [8.8, 2.6, 7.5, 9.1, 2.7]. Spination. Palp 131, 101, 1111; Legs: Femur I 324, II 424, III 324, IV 322; Patella I – IV 101; Tibia I – IV 2224; Metatarsus I 1014, II – III 2024, IV 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium twice as long as tibia; vRTA not well developed (Figs. 12 a, b); EM not covering ET in ventral view (Fig. 12 c). Female (ranges: n = 9, single measurement: syntype): Measurements. Medium sized; total length 16.6 – 18.8, prosoma length 7.2 – 8.6, prosoma width 6.5 – 7.8, anterior width of prosoma 4.1 – 4.5, opisthosoma length 9.4 – 10.2, opisthosoma width 5.7 – 6.2. Eye diameters: AME 0.53, ALE 0.42, PME 0.40, PLE 0.44; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.30, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.51, PME-PLE 0.65, AME-PME 0.42, ALE-PLE 0.35, clypeus height at AME 0.47, clypeus height at ALE 0.62. Eyes subequal; AME slightly larger than others (Fig. 13 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 to 5 posterior teeth, intermarginal denticles absent (Fig. 13 e). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.5 [3.1, 1.6, 2.0, 3.8], I 30.6 [8.6, 3.9, 7.3, 8.4, 2.4], II 33.1 [9.7, 4.1, 8.2, 8.6, 2.5], III 29.2 [8.8, 3.7, 7.0, 7.3, 2.4], IV 32.4 [9.7, 3.6, 7.8, 8.8, 2.5]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 424, IV 321 / 423; Patella I – IV 000 / 101; Tibia I – IV 0004 / 2024; Metatarsus I 0004 / 1014, II 1014 / 2024, III 2024, IV 3034 / 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF generally elongated; MS longer than wide, hyaline (Figs 13 a, 14 b) to fully sclerotized (Fig. 14 a); vulva with glandular process (Fig. 13 c). Colouration [in ethanol]. Reddish brown, prosoma with transverse dark lines leading to fovea, dorsal opisthosoma with series of large chevrons at proximal end turning smaller gradually at distal end, legs clearly banded (Figs 49 a – b); ventral opisthosoma with a uniform compact dark marking below epigastric furrow (Fig. 49 b).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98234134825A58092FE16F846.taxon	discussion	Remarks. E. atlanticus stat. nov. is elevated from subspecies to species level here. In the original description, Simon (1909) emphasized on the dark marking of the ventral opisthosoma and placed this species under E. dufouri (sub E. argelasius atlanticus). After E. dufouri was defined by Moradmand and Jäger (2012 a), the description of the male and female of E. atlanticus stat. nov. revealed that this species must be considered as its own valid species and not a subspecies. The male is described here for the first time. Known geographical distribution and habitat. Western Morocco in Atlas Mountains, under stones, and gravel in dry river beds.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9823D134C25A58594FC99FE1B.taxon	description	Figs 15 – 16, 51 a – b, 61 a – b	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9823D134C25A58594FC99FE1B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Neotype: male, ALGERIA: Wilaya de Ain Defla: Teniet el Haad [N 35 ° 52 ' 16 '', E 2 ° 1 ' 41 ''], 1800 m, Cedar Forest, 19 February 1988, R. Jocqué & R. Bosmans leg. (MRAC 168777). Other material examined. ALGERIA: 1 ♀, with same data as for neotype (MRAC); Wilaya de Batna: 1 ♂, Jebel Metlili, N 35 ° 15 ', E 5 ° 38 ', Pine forest, 1000 m altitude, 13 April 1987, R. Jocqué leg. (MRAC 167560); Wilaya de Biskra: 1 ♀, Biskra, King leg. (ZSM A 20110054); Wilaya de Tizi Ouzou: 1 ♂, Djurdjura Mountain, Tala Guilet, 1600 m, April 1983, H. Franz leg. (SMF); Wilaya de Adrar: 1 ♀, Great Atlas Mountains, Tadlest [N 29 ° 18 ', E 0 ° 16 '], 2250 m, 20 June 1930 (SMF 4604); 2 ♂, 6 ♀♀, 42 juveniles, 1866 – 67, W. T. Taczanovski leg. [label: Olios barbarus Luc., Algeria 1866 - 67, leg & det. WT. Taczanovski] (MIZ F 15); TUNISIA: 1 ♂, 1959, Kahmann leg. (SMF).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9823D134C25A58594FC99FE1B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male differs from other congeners by ET flattened dorso-ventrally and ET pointing first proximad and then ventrad (Fig. 15 c); It resembles that of E. letourneuxi but differs in dRTA bending toward cymbium (Figs 15 a, b); epigyne similar to that of E. letourneuxi but differs from it by the triangular-shape of the MS (Fig. 16 a) (semicircular in E. letourneuxi) [see also diagnosis for dufouri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9823D134C25A58594FC99FE1B.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 6, single measurement: neotype): Measurements. Medium sized; total length: 16.5 – 17.6, prosoma length 7.0 – 7.6, prosoma width 6.4 – 6.8, anterior width of prosoma 3.3 – 3.4, opisthosoma length 9.5 – 10, opisthosoma width 5.6 – 6.0; Eye diameters: AME 0.43, ALE 0.38, PME 0.32, PLE 0.41; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.27, AME-ALE 0.17, PME-PME 0.43, PME-PLE 0.51, AME-PME 0.37, ALE-PLE 0.30, clypeus height at AME 0.35, clypeus height at ALE 0.40. AME largest (Fig. 15 e). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 posterior teeth; cheliceral furrow without intermarginal denticles (Fig. 15 d). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 9.4 [3.0, 1.4, 1.5, 3.5], I 30.5 [8.5, 3.6, 7.5, 8.4, 2.5], II 33.2 [9.4, 3.4, 8.5, 9.1, 2.8], III 28.3 [8.5, 3.1, 7.0, 7.2, 2.5], IV 31.2 [9.1, 3.2, 7.5, 8.8, 2.6]. Spination. Palp 131, 101, 1111; Legs: Femur I 324 (5) / 424, II – III 324 (3) / 424, IV 423 / (3) 424; Patella I – IV 101; Tibia I – IV 21 (0) 24 / 2224; Metatarsus I – III 1014 / 2024, IV 3034 / 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis, with cymbium approximately twice as long as tibia; dRTA widened dorso-ventrally, vRTA small in size and shifted toward cymbium in ventral view (Figs 15 a – c). Female (ranges: n = 9, single measurement: MM 205): Measurements. Medium to large sized; total length: 17.5 – 22.5, prosoma length 7.0 – 10.2, prosoma width 6.1 – 8.6, anterior width of prosoma 3.8 – 5.1, opisthosoma length 10.5 – 12.5, opisthosoma width 7.5 – 8.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.54, ALE 0.41, PME 0.42, PLE 0.46; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.36, AME-ALE 0.14, PME-PME 0.65, PME-PLE 0.75, AME-PME 0.45, ALE-PLE 0.28, clypeus height at AME 0.50, clypeus height at ALE 0.60. Chelicerae. Chelicerae as in males. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.7 [3.2, 1.7, 2.0, 3.8], I 31.7 [9.1, 4.3, 7.5, 8.5, 2.8], II 35.0 [10.2, 4.5, 8.5, 9.0, 2.8], III 30.7 [9.4, 4.2, 7.2, 7.3, 2.6], IV 33.7 [10.2, 3.8, 8.1, 8.8, 2.8]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – II 324 / 424, III 424, IV 322 / 423; Patella I – IV 000 / 101; Tibia I – IV 0004 / 2024; Metatarsus I – III 0004 / 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF longer than wide (Fig. 16 a); MS hyaline with a longitudinal sclerotized strip dorsally (Fig. 16 b); GP present (Fig. 16 c). Colouration [in ethanol]. Reddish cream, prosoma with a dark Y-shaped patch and additional transverse lines, opisthosoma with a brown band along the entire length and additional small patches (Figs 51 a – b); opisthosoma ventrally with V-shaped marking with bold inner lines (Fig. 51 b).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9823D134C25A58594FC99FE1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lucas (1846) described two species (sub Olios) currently assigned to the genus Eusparassus: E. barbarus and E. oraniensis. The type material is not available at MNHN and presumed to be lost, as confirmed by other researchers (i. e. Azarkina & Logunov 2006) and verified by author’s direct investigation in MNHN. Fortunately, Lucas (1846) illustrated the habitus and eye arrangement, and provided a description of the colouration of the ventral opisthosoma. The illustration of prosoma in O. barbarus is unique. This colouration is recognized in this study among some Eusparassus specimens found nearby the type locality. Since E. barbarus can easily be mistaken with the similar parapatric species E. letourneuxi, one male is designated here as neotype to avoid taxonomic problems and misidentification in the future. The eye arrangement and colouration of the neotype correspond to the original drawings and description. Known geographical distribution and habitat. From Northern Algeria to Tunisia, up to 1800 meters altitude in mountainous pine and cedar forests, found under stones.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9823C137125A584DFFE39F86D.taxon	description	Figs 17 – 19, 50, 62 a, b	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9823C137125A584DFFE39F86D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Neotype: female, ALGERIA: Wilaya de Oran, 1906, Scherer leg. (ZSM A 20110055). Other material examined. ALGERIA: 1 ♀, with same data as for neotype (ZSM A 20110056); Wilaya de Bechar: 1 ♀, Beni Ounif, March 1955, Fittkau leg. (ZSM A 20110053); Wilaya de Biskra: 1 ♀, 1 juv., Biskra, September 1912 B. H. Boxtux leg. (NHM 1948.11.29.4 - 5); 2 ♀♀, Biskra, 1903 (NHM 10.10.29.26.27); MOROCCO: Region de Guelmim-Es Semara: 1 ♂, N 28 56 ' 11.54 ", W 8 57 ' 10.08 ", point 37, September 2011, S. Henriques leg. (SMF, SD 843); Region de Souss-Massa-Draa: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Anti-Atlas, between Tizuit and Tafraut, 2 km E of Kerdouss, 1100 m, under stone, 22 July 2000, S. Huber leg. (SMF); 1 ♀, Anti-Atlas, ca. 15 km S of Igherm, under stone, 28 August 2001, S. Huber leg. (SMF); 1 ♂, Zagora, December 2008, G. Ackermann leg. (SMF, SD 444); 1 ♂, E of Bou Rbia, N 30 ° 07 ' 60.2 ", W 6 ° 23 ' 0.27 ", 16 September 1999, H. Nickel leg. (SMF); Region de Meknes-Tafilalet: 1 ♂, Erg Chebbi, N 31 ° 16 ' 12.69 ", W 3 ° 59 ' 28.50 ", 760 m, under stone, 13 July 2009, J. Achenberg leg. (SMF, SD 615, MM 9); 1 ♂, Meski, around water source, 29 July 1971, R. Jocqué leg. (MRAC 154281).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9823C137125A584DFFE39F86D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. PLE largest (unique character within the group, Fig. 18 d), ET retrolaterad first, slightly proximad, finally distad (Fig. 17 c); vulva robust and widened as in E. syrticus but differring from it in having smaller and spherical GP (Figs 18 b, c) [see also diagnosis for dufouri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9823C137125A584DFFE39F86D.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 5, single measurement: MM 9): Measurements. Medium to large sized Eusparassus species [largest male (MM 9) with 13.3 cm legspan]. Total length 14.2 – 24.8, prosoma length 7.8 – 11.5, prosoma width 6.8 – 11.3, anterior width of prosoma 3.5 – 5.6, opisthosoma length 6.4 – 13.3, opisthosoma width 4.0 – 9.1. Eye diameters: AME 0.62, ALE 0.64, PME 0.61, PLE 0.75; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.28, AME-ALE 0.09, PME-PME 0.64, PME-PLE 0.70, AME-PME 0.80, ALE-PLE 0.57, clypeus height at AME 0.53, clypeus height at ALE 0.66. PLE larger than others. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 to 5 posterior teeth; cheliceral furrow lacking intermarginal denticles Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 15.5 [5.2, 2.6, 2.3, 5.4], I 55.5 [15.5, 5.6, 15.0, 15.7, 3.7], II 57.9 [16.1, 5.8, 15.5, 16.7, 3.8], III 51.1 [15.5, 5.4, 13.3, 13.8, 3.1], IV 56.7 [16.7, 5.1, 14.5, 16.6, 3.8]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 424, IV 333 / 433; Patella I – IV 101; Tibia I – IV 2 (1) 224; Metatarsus I – III 1014 / 2024, IV 3034 / 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with robust cymbium longer than tibia; vRTA pointed and triangular in ventral view (Figs 17 a, b); ET hardened and sclerotized (Fig. 17 c). Female (ranges: n = 8, single measurement: neotype): Measurements. Medium to large sized Eusparassus species. Total length (neotype) 29.5, prosoma length 6.7 – 11.5, prosoma width 5.8 – 9.7, anterior width of prosoma 3.5 – 5.4, opisthosoma length 8.5 – 18.0, opisthosoma width 5.5 – 15.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.64, ALE 0.63, PME 0.61, PLE 0.68; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.33, AME- ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.67, PME-PLE 0.60, AME-PME 0.85, ALE-PLE 0.53, clypeus height at AME 0.43, clypeus height at ALE 0.52. PLE largest (Fig. 18 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae dentition as in males (Fig. 18 e). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I = III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 15.8 [4.2, 2.2, 2.4, 5.0], I 42.7 [12.4, 5.2, 10.7, 11.3, 3.1], II 48.6 [13.8, 5.7, 12.7, 13.2, 3.2], III 42.9 [12.9, 5.1, 10.6, 11.3, 3.0], IV 47.8 [14.0, 5.0, 12.1, 13.5, 3.2]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 424, IV 422 / 423; Patella I – IV 000 / 101; Tibia I – IV 2024 / 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2124 / 2224, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF longer than wide (Figs 18 a, 19 a); MS as long as wide (Fig. 18 a) or longer than wide (Fig. 19 a); FD partially (Fig. 19 b) to fully sclerotized (SMF, MM 192 from Algeria: Beni Ounif). Colouration. Creamy gray or yellowish brown, prosoma with distinct radial small dark bands especially along posterior eyes, opisthosoma with a longitudinal band in which outer lines are dark. Femora of legs without any band, but two clear dark patches on tibia ventrally (Figs 50 a – b); ventral opisthosoma with a uniform dark marking with a notch at its anterior side (Fig. 50 c).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9823C137125A584DFFE39F86D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lucas (1846) provided an illustration and a detailed description of colouration of this species, and noted that the ventral opisthosoma is decorated with two dark brown longitudinal bands, which meet in their posterior part, resembling the letter V. This character can be seen in specimens preserved for a long time in several species of the dufouri group. Even a compact marking in a freshly collected specimen can turn into V-shaped marking after preservation. In the illustration of O. oraniensis (Lucas 1846: pl. 11, fig. 9) no pattern is present on dorsal opisthosoma and no dark bands on the legs are illustrated, the body is uniformly coloured. This can be generally observed in specimens preserved for a long period. Lucas (1846) named the species after the type locality, the Oran region in the north-western part of Algeria. One Eusparassus specimen collected from Oran (deposited in ZSM) is designated here as neotype to avoid confusion with similar parapatric species of the group. Known geographical distribution and habitat. Western Algeria and South-Eastern Morocco, under stones near to water sources.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98200137725A58594FA20FF6B.taxon	description	Figs 20 – 21, 49 c – d, 61 c – d	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98200137725A58594FA20FF6B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes (designated by Koch 1873): 2 ♀♀, MOROCCO: Region de Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz: Mtouga [label: 2 Types, Ocypete fritschi C. Koch, Marroko: Mtüga] 1872, Fritsch & Rein leg. (SMF 4569). Other material examined. MOROCCO: Region de Souss-Massa-Draa: 4 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Agadir, April 1939, L. Bulaud (MNHN); 2 ♀♀, 1 juv, Tafraoute, camp place, 21 August 1999, H. Nickel (SMF); 1 ♂ (MM 198), 1 ♀, June 1986, Wirtz leg. (SMF); Region de Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz: 1 ♂ (MM 194), Tizi-n-Test, Taroudannt, Buland leg. (MNHN); 1 ♂, Atlas, river gravel at Ouirgane, May 1976, 1200 m, P. Hillyard leg. (NHM). 5 ♀♀, 1 sub ♀, S. E. of Marrakesh, Lala Aziza (MNHN 6550); Region de Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate: 2 ♀♀, Taza Province, Taza (N 34 ° 12 ' 36, W 4 ° 0 ' 36), 19 May 1936 (SMF 4656); Region de Meknes-Tafilalet: 1 ♀, Azrou, 28 May 1930 (SMF 4603).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98200137725A58594FA20FF6B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Compared to other group members, it is the only species with posterior eyes (especially PME) distinctly reduced in size (~ 1.4 times smaller than AME) (Fig. 21 d); male distinguished easily from other congeners by EM with a projected bulge (Fig. 20 c); epigyne with MS and EF as long as wide (Fig. 21 a) [see also diagnosis for dufouri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98200137725A58594FA20FF6B.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 7, single measurement: MM 198): Measurements. Males of medium size. Total length 14.6 – 16.7; prosoma length 7.1 – 8.2, prosoma width 6.0 – 7.1, anterior width of prosoma 3.2 – 3.5, opisthosoma length 7.5 – 8.5, opisthosoma width 5.0 – 5.3. Eye diameters: AME 0.46, ALE 0.38, PME 0.37, PLE 0.40; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.21, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.42, PME-PLE 0.47, AME-PME 0.35, ALE-PLE 0.25, clypeus height at AME 0.32, clypeus height at ALE 0.37. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 or 5 posterior teeth; cheliceral furrow lacking intermarginal denticles. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 9.9 [3.1, 1.5, 1.7, 3.6], I 35.5 [9.9, 3.7, 9.0, 9.8, 3.1], II 38.9 [11.1, 3.8, 10.2, 10.6, 3.2], III 33.1 [9.8, 3.4, 8.5, 8.6, 2.8], IV 37.8 [10.9, 3.3, 9.4, 11.1, 3.1]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111; Legs: Femur I 324 / 424, II 323 / 424, III 424, IV 322 / 422; Patella I – IV 101; Tibia I – IV 2224; Metatarsus I 1014, II – III 2024, IV 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with ST not visible; vRTA rounded and weakly developed; cymbium longer than tibia (Figs 20 a, b); ET pointing first proximad and distally ventrad; hyaline EM bulging and covering part of ET (Fig. 20 c). Female (ranges: n = 10, single measurement: syntype): Measurements. Females of large size. Total length 20.8 – 25.0, prosoma length 8.8 – 10.0, prosoma width 7.5 – 9.4, anterior width of prosoma 4.6 – 6.0, opisthosoma length 12.0 – 15.0, opisthosoma width 7.0 – 10.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.50, ALE 0.43, PME 0.38, PLE 0.36; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.33, AME-ALE 0.16, PME-PME 0.60, PME-PLE 0.75, AME-PME 0.56, ALE-PLE 0.46, clypeus AME 0.45, clypeus ALE 0.53. AE distinctly larger than PE, with AME distinctly larger than others (Fig. 21 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 or 5 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow lacking intermarginal denticles; one bristle at distal end of cheliceral basal segment (Fig. 21 e). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 11.5 [3.4, 1.8, 2.2, 4.1], I 34.1 [9.4, 4.5, 8.1, 9.3, 2.8], II 36.7 [10.7, 4.5, 9.0, 9.7, 2.8], III 31.6 [9.7, 4.0, 7.6, 7.8, 2.5], IV 36.1 [10.3, 4.3, 8.8, 10.0, 2.7]. Spination. Palp 131, 101, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I 223 / 224 / 424, II – III 424, IV 322 / 422; Patella I – IV 000; Tibia I – II 0004 / 2024, III – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 1014 / 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF as long as wide (Fig. 21 a) or slightly longer than wide, longitudinal band on MS (dorsal view) weakly developed (Fig. 21 b), GP well developed (Fig. 21 c). Colouration [in ethanol]. Reddish brown with series of chevron like patterns on dorsal opisthosoma, legs banded (Figs 49 c – d), ventral opisthosoma with V-shaped dark marking (Fig. 49 d).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98200137725A58594FA20FF6B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Koch (1873) described two females from the Mtuga Plateau, Morocco. He noted the general similarities in traits between this species and E. walckenaeri (sub Ocypete tersa). Simon (1880) listed this species as synonym of E. oraniensis but with a question mark (sub Sparassus oraniensis). Probably he did not see the syntypes, but referred to the colouration of the ventral opisthosoma for his judgment. The dark marking is a diagnostic character in all members of the dufouri group. In E. fritschi stat. rev. clear differences exist between the characters of the copulatory organs (especially the newly discovered male) compared to other species. Thus, species rank is re-established and the male is described here for the first time. Known geographical distribution and habitat. The Atlas Mountains in Morocco, river gravel under stones.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98205137A25A58594FCF8FD50.taxon	description	Figs 22 – 23, 49 e – f, 61 e – f	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98205137A25A58594FCF8FD50.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Neotype: female, ALGERIA: Wilaya de Tizi Ouzou: Kabylie region: Yakouren [N 36 ° 44 ', E 4 ° 27 '], [label: Eus. letourneuxi E. S., Kabilia, Yakouren, C. M. 1905] (MNHN 22629). Other material examined. ALGERIA: 2 ♀♀, with same data as for neotype (MNHN). Wilaya de Blida: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Atlas Blidéen, Djebel Ferroukha, Gellaï, 1350 m, pitfalls in planted Cedrus forest, 20 June 1987 – 9 May 1988, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Wilaya de Tizi Ouzou: 2 ♀♀, Tala Guilef, 1550 – 2000 m, litter in old, open Cedrus forest, 29 April 1984, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB); 1 ♀, Massif du Djurdjura, Col de Tizi N’Kouillal, 1700 m, among stones in montane grassland, 22 October 1982, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB); 1 ♂, Massif du Djurdjura, Tala Guilef, 1420 m, pitfall in grassland in Cedrus forest, 20 June 1993, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB); Wilaya de Bejaia: 1 ♀, Oued Daas, 15 m, beach near river mouth, 22 May 1988, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Wilaya de M’sila: 1 ♀, Djebel Maadid, 1500 m, Quercus ilex forest, 9 March 1990, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB); Wilaya de Boumerdes: 1 ♂, entre Toulmout et Keddara, 500 m, 27 April 1989, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Wilaya de Tissemsslit: 2 ♂, Theniet El Had, around Djebel Meddad, 1780 m, 19 February 1988, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB); 1 ♂, Theniet-el-Had, Djebel Meddad, 1450 m, stones mixed Cerdrus atlanticus and Querqus faginea forest, 18 May 1988, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Wilaya de Bouira: 1 ♂, Massif du Djurdjura, Tikjda, 1450 m, among stones around Hotel, 17 September 1987, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98205137A25A58594FCF8FD50.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Resembles E. barbarus in having a short ET but differs by having a slimmer ET (Fig. 22 c) and dRTA directed distad (Figs 22 a, b); female epigyne with unique MS semicircular (Figs 23 a, f) [see also diagnosis for dufouri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98205137A25A58594FCF8FD50.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 7, single measurement: MM 195): Measurements. Medium sized. Total length 15.6 – 17.8, prosoma length 7.1 – 8.3, prosoma width 6.3 – 6.7, anterior width of prosoma 3.3 – 3.8, opisthosoma length 8.5 – 9.5, opisthosoma width 5.0 – 5.5. Eye diameters: AME 0.45, ALE 0.35, PME 0.32, PLE 0.38; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.26, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.38, PME-PLE 0.55, AME-PME 0.34, ALE-PLE 0.28, clypeus height at AME 0.25, clypeus height at ALE 0.38. Chelicerae. Chelicerae as in females. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 8.9 [2.5, 1.3, 1.5, 3.6], I 31.9 [8.6, 3.3, 8.0, 9.0, 3.1], II 34.2 [9.4, 3.2, 8.9, 9.7, 3.0], III 29.2 [8.5, 3.2, 7.1, 7.6, 2.8], IV 32.5 [9.1, 3.1, 8.0, 9.3, 3.0]. Spination. Palp 131, 101, 1111; Legs: Femur I 323 (4) / 324, II – III 324 / 424, IV 322 / 422 / 423; Patella I – IV 001 / 101; Tibia I – IV 2224; Metatarsus I – III 1014 / 2024, IV 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium nearly twice as long as tibia, dRTA sickle-shaped and vRTA not developed (Figs 22 a, b); ET shortened distally but robust proximally (Fig. 22 c). Female (n = 9): Measurements. Neotype: Total length: 18.8, prosoma length 7.4, prosoma width 6.3, anterior width of prosoma 3.8, opisthosoma length 11.2, opisthosoma width 7.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.50, ALE 0.34, PME 0.35, PLE 0.41; Eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.28, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.43, PME-PLE 0.51, AME-PME 0.31, ALE- PLE 0.28, clypeus AME 0.37, clypeus ALE 0.41. AME largest and ALE smallest (Fig. 23 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 or 5 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow lacking intermarginal denticles; one bristle at distal end of cheliceral basal segment (Fig. 23 e). Legs. Leg formula: IV II I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 8.3 [2.4, 1.4, 1.6, 2.9], I 25.3 [7.1, 3.5, 6.0, 6.6, 2.1], II 25.0 [7.2, 3.2, 6.1, 6.3, 2.2], III 23.6 [7.3, 3.1, 5.5, 5.6, 2.1], IV 26.3 [7.8, 3.0, 6.2, 7.1, 2.2]. Spination. Palp 131, 101, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I 224 / 324, II – III 123 / 424, IV 421 / 422; Patella I – IV 000 / 101; Tibia I – II 0004 / 2024, III – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 1014 / 1024 / 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF approximately quadrangulate in shape (Figs 23 a, f); MS partially (Fig. 23 a) to fully sclerotized (Fig. 23 f); MS dorsally with a sclerotized strip (Fig. 23 b); vulva equipped with a glandular process (GP) (Fig. 23 c). Colouration [in ethanol]. Yellowish brown or reddish brown, dorsal opisthosoma dark brown with small series of yellow chevrons, legs (tibia and femur) clearly banded (Fig. 49 e); ventral opisthosoma with V-shaped dark marking in which the mark is not filled with dark colour but is only outlined as “ V ” with especially the inner lines bold (Fig. 49 f).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98205137A25A58594FCF8FD50.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type specimens were collected from Northern Algeria in Constantine Province and around the capital city Algiers (Simon 1874: 253). Unfortunately, the type series could not be located in MNHN neither could the other male specimens identified by Simon. Exceptionally, in this species, females are easily recognized by the shape of the MS of epigyne. Several different tubes containing E. letourneuxi females and juveniles were found in MNHN. Among them a female collected near to the original type locality from Kabylie: Yakouren was selected and designated as neotype to clarify the species identity and reduce taxonomic problems in distinguishing this species from closely similar species in nearby regions of Western Algeria (E. oraniensis), Eastern Algeria (E. barbarus) and Southern Tunisia (E. syrticus). The designated neotype was identified by Simon as E. letourneuxi as clearly indicated by his abbreviation “ E. S ” on the label, confirming that the specimen is correctly identified to E. letourneuxi. Several sympatric male and female from different localities were used to describe the male. Known geographical distribution and habitat. North-Eastern Algeria in the Atlas Mountains, inhabiting stony areas of mountainous grassland, Cedar and Oak forests.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820A137A25A5861CFC7FF872.taxon	description	Figs 24, 51 c – d, 62 c	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820A137A25A5861CFC7FF872.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype: female, TUNISIA: Governorat de Tataouine: Tataouine [N 32 ° 25 ' 32 '', E 10 ° 10 ' 29 ''] (label: Eus. argel. syrticus E. S. Tunesia S of Triholitaine, Tatahouine), Jar number: 1668, Simon number: 22701 (MNHN).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820A137A25A5861CFC7FF872.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Copulatory duct very robust and wide like that of E. oraniensis but differing from it by TL not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 24 b) and having larger and semispherical GP overlapping with distal end of CD (Fig. 24 c) [see also diagnosis for dufouri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820A137A25A5861CFC7FF872.taxon	description	Description. Female (lectotype): Measurements. Large sized Eusparassus species; total length 22.8, prosoma length 9.5, prosoma width 8.6, anterior width of prosoma 4.8, opisthosoma length 13.3, opisthosoma width 9.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.55, ALE 0.60, PME 0.55, PLE 0.62; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.23, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.50, PME-PLE 0.51, AME-PME 0.62, ALE-PLE 0.39, clypeus height at AME 0.52, clypeus height at ALE 0.58. PLE largest; LE larger than ME (Fig. 24 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 posterior teeth, intermarginal denticles absent (Fig. 24 e). Legs. Leg formula: IV II I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 11.2 [3.5, 1.7, 2.2, 3.8], I 34.4 [10.0, 4.3, 8.6, 9.1, 2.4], II 36.2 [10.7, 4.4, 9.4, 9.2, 2.5], III 34.1 [10.7, 4.0, 8.4, 8.5, 2.5], IV 37.5 [11.7, 3.8, 9.2, 10.2, 2.6]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 424, IV 423; Patella I – IV 101; Tibia I – IV 2024; Metatarsus I 1014, II – III 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF longer than wide, MS as long as wide (Fig. 24 a); CD widened and covered by TL, only parts of GP extending beyond CD in dorsal view of vulva (Fig. 24 b); GP enlarged (Fig. 24 c). Colouration [in ethanol]. Reddish brown with banded legs: femur with a distal dark band, tibia with two strong bands (Fig. 51 c); ventral opisthosoma with a robust V-shaped dark marking (Fig. 51 d). Male: unknown.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820A137A25A5861CFC7FF872.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type series consists of two females and one immature female. The one medium sized female belongs to the known species E. barbarus. The larger female and immature female both belong to the same species. Thus, in order to conserve the specific name syrticus, this latter female is selected and designated here as lectotype. Levy (1989: 137, figs 22 – 23) studied one female (sub Sparassus syrticus) from Morocco but it was a misidentification and the species is actually belonged to E. atlanticus stat. nov. Known geographical distribution. Southern Tunisia (type locality).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98208137825A58594FB61FE6E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chelicerae without intermarginal denticles, one to four retromarginal bristles at distal end of cheliceral basal segment (Figs 25 e, 28 d); ventral opisthosoma with a distinct dark marking (Figs 52 b, f, 53 c); male with unique prominent and elongated vRTA (at least one third of dRTA length) (Figs 25 a, 27 a); epigyne with AMLL fused together and entirely encircling MS, epigyne with MS noticeably enlarged and fully sclerotized (Figs 26 a, d; 28 a). Species composition. Three species: E. vestigator (Simon, 1897) comb. nov.; E. reverentia spec. nov.; E. pearsoni (Pocock, 1901) (for latter species description, see Moradmand & Jäger 2012 a).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98208137825A58594FB61FE6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Central to Eastern Africa and an isolated area in South Asia (India) (Fig. 71 a).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98208137D25A58745FE0CFB93.taxon	description	Figs 25 – 26, 52 a – b, 63 a – b	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98208137D25A58745FE0CFB93.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes of Sparassus vestigator (designated by Simon 1897 c): 1 ♂, 1 subadult ♀, ETHIOPIA: between Oromia and Somali Regions: male, West of Shebelle River, (label: Sparassus vestigator Simon, W of Shebeli River, 15.12.94) (NHM 97.11.10.56), subadult female, Shebelle River (label: Sparassus vestigator Simon, Type, 5.6.95) (NHM); Syntypes of Eusparassus rufobrunneus (designated by Caporiacco 1941): 2 ♂, ETHIOPIA: Southern Nations Region: 1 ♂, El Dire, “ Missione Biologica Sagan = Omo, 1939, Prof. Edoardo Zavattari ”, 18 May 1939 (MZUF), 1 ♂, Elolo, “ Missione Biologica Sagan = Omo, 1939, Prof. Edoardo Zavattari ”, 16 July 1939 (MZUF). Other material examined. 6 ♂, 5 ♀♀, ETHIOPIA: 1 ♂, Valley of the Omo River, field number 6, 14 May 1969, D. Houin leg. (MNHN); 1 ♀, Valley of the Omo River, field number 27, 7 August 1972, O. F. Rodhain leg. (MNHN); SOMALIA: 1 ♀, Somaliland, Bohalgarshan, 28 October 1895 (NHM 97.11.10.54); KENYA: Rift Valley Province: 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (MM 170), Northern Turkana, Kenya colony, “ Lake Rudolf Rift Valley Expedition 1934 ”, February – June 1934, V. E. Fuchs leg. (NHM); 1 ♀, Lake Baringo area, dry bed of Kapinga River, 16 May 1975, A. J. Penniman leg. (AMNH); Central Province: 1 ♀, Mangu, Lome, Prof. Kobert leg. (ZMB); 1 ♀, Mangu, 3 March 1935, Dr. B. Beuzon leg. (ZMUC); TANZANIA: Zanzibar Region: 1 ♂, Zanzibar, Hildebrandt leg. (ZMB).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98208137D25A58745FE0CFB93.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male palpal morphology similar to that of E. reverentia spec. nov. but differing in having more slender ET lacking pointed triangular process and more slender dRTA (Figs 25 a – c); female differentiated by elongated GP parallel to copulatory duct (CD) (Figs 26 b, c) [see also diagnosis for vestigator species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98208137D25A58745FE0CFB93.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 9, single measurement: syntype): Measurements. Medium to large sized; total length 18.2 – 20.2, prosoma length 8.2 – 10.0, prosoma width 6.8 – 8.3, anterior width of prosoma 3.7 – 4.6, opisthosoma length 10 – 10.2, opisthosoma width 5.5 – 7.3. Eye diameters: AME 0.46, ALE 0.35, PME 0.34, PLE 0.35; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.22, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.43, PME-PLE 0.42, AME-PME 0.31, ALE-PLE 0.20, clypeus height at AME 0.25, clypeus height at ALE 0.35. AME largest, other eyes subequal (Fig. 25 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 or 5 posterior teeth; cheliceral furrow without intermarginal denticles (Fig. 25 e). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 8.5 [2.8, 1.3, 1.4, 3.0], I 30.1 [8.4, 3.2, 7.5, 8.5, 2.5], II 33.4 [9.5, 3.5, 8.4, 9.3, 2.7], III 27.3 [8.1, 3.0, 7.0, 7.2, 2.0], IV 31.6 [9.1, 2.7, 7.8, 9.7, 2.3]. Spination. Palp 131, 101, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 424, IV 323 / 422 / 423; Patella I – IV 101; Tibia I – IV 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium more than twice as long as tibia (Fig. 25 b); E and T expanded and covering ST (Fig. 25 a); ET directed proximad and retrolaterad at its distal end (Fig. 25 c). Female (ranges: n = 5, single measurement: MM 170): Measurements. Medium to large sized; total length 18.5 – 21.7, prosoma length 8.5 – 9.7, prosoma width 7.7 – 8.5, anterior width of prosoma 4.8 – 5.2, opisthosoma length 10.0 – 12.0, opisthosoma width 6.5 – 7.5. Eye diameters: AME 0.61, ALE 0.46, PME 0.45, PLE 0.45; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.38, AME-ALE 0.20, PME-PME 0.63, PME-PLE 0.77, AME-PME 0.47, ALE-PLE 0.32, clypeus AME 0.45, clypeus ALE 0.62, eye arrangement as in males. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 to 5 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow without intermarginal denticles; one to four retromarginal bristles at distal end of cheliceral basal segment. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 7.4 [2.2, 1.1, 1.6, 2.5], I 22.8 [6.5, 2.8, 6.0, 5.8, 1.7], II 25.6 [7.7, 3.2, 6.7, 6.2, 1.8], III 21.6 [6.6, 2.7, 5.6, 5.2, 1.5], IV 25.5 [7.8, 2.7, 6.6, 6.7, 1.7]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 424, IV 422 / 423; Patella I – IV 000 / 101; Tibia I – IV 2024 / 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF longer than wide; sclerotized MS as long as wide (Fig. 26 a) or slightly wider than long (Fig. 26 d); large, robust CD and GP, GP long; a median longitudinal sclerotized band on MS dorsally (Figs 26 b, c). Colouration [in ethanol]. Reddish brown to yellowish cream with dark bands on legs, dorsal opisthosoma with a longitudinal dark band composed of fused chevron patterns, ventral opisthosoma with V-shaped dark marking with inner lines bold (Figs 52 a – b); live colouration is brownish gray with black patches on body and bands on legs (Fig. 52 d).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98208137D25A58745FE0CFB93.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Like other Eusparassus species described before 1903, this species was originally placed in Sparassus by Simon (1897 c) (along with E. laevatus comb. nov.). Roewer (1955 b) made an unjustified combination and transferred the species to Olios. Eusparassus rufobrunneus Caporiacco, 1941 syn. nov. is proposed here as a junior synonym. The two syntype males from southern Ethiopia exhibit congruent diagnostic characters similar to the syntype male of E. vestigator. The syntype female is an immature specimen, thus the female is here described for the first time. Unlike most of Eusparassus spp., E. vestigator and the other two known species in the vestigator group bear more than two thick retromarginal bristles at the distal base of chelicerae. Known geographical distribution and habitat. East Africa in southern Ethiopia (type locality), Somalia (new country record), Kenya (new country record) and Tanzania (new country record) (Fig. 71 a). Found under stones near dry river beds.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820D136225A58167FEBEFC5B.taxon	description	Figs 27 – 28, 53, 63 c – d	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820D136225A58167FEBEFC5B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: male, BURKINA FASO: Houet Province: Bobo Dioulasso [N 11 ˚ 11 ', W 4 ˚ 17 '], 1965, B. Steinstra leg. (MRAC 128181). Paratype: NIGERIA: Plateau State: 1 ♀, Jos [N 9 ˚ 56 ', E 8 ˚ 53 '], female with hatched spiderlings (second instar) in papery egg sac, 7 – 26 April 1963, E. Bouquiaux leg. (MRAC 123751).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820D136225A58167FEBEFC5B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Closely similar to E. vestigator comb. nov., but male differing by flatter and wider ET equipped with pointed triangular process (Fig. 27 c), and more robust dRTA flattened dorso-ventrally (Figs 27 a, b). Female differing in the shape of GP attached to main vulva by most of its length (in E. vestigator comb. nov. separated) (Figs 28 b, c) [see also diagnosis for vestigator species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820D136225A58167FEBEFC5B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a Latin translation derived from the German phrase “ Ehrfurcht vor dem Leben ” (English: “ the reverence for life ”), in honour of the idea of Dr Albert Schweitzer (1875 – 1965) who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (1952) because of it. The idea could be defined in the following statement by J. Brabazon: “ ... we are brothers and sisters to all living things, and owe to all of them the same care and respect that we wish for ourselves. ” Term in apposition.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820D136225A58167FEBEFC5B.taxon	description	Description. Male (n = 1, holotype): Measurements. Male medium sized; total length 15.1, prosoma length 8.6, prosoma width 7.3, anterior width of prosoma 4.2, opisthosoma length 6.5, opisthosoma width 3.5. Eye diameters: AME 0.53, ALE 0.45, PME 0.40, PLE 0.46; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.32, AME-ALE 0.16, PME-PME 0.55, PME-PLE 0.65, AME-PME 0.40, ALE-PLE 0.32, clypeus height at AME 0.40, clypeus height at ALE 0.45. AME largest, lateral eyes subequal (Fig. 27 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow lacking intermarginal denticles (Fig. 27 e). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 11.1 [3.7, 1.6, 1.7, 4.1], I 37.3 [9.8, 4.2, 9.5, 10.7, 3.1], II 40.6 [11.5, 4.2, 10.2, 11.5, 3.2], III 34.6 [10.2, 3.6, 8.6, 9.5, 2.7], IV 38.9 [11.0, 3.7, 9.6, 11.5, 3.1]. Spination. Palp 131, 101, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 424, IV 322; Patella I – IV 101; Tibia I – IV 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium more than twice as longer as tibia (Fig. 27 b); ET with a pointed triangular process (Fig. 27 c). Female (n = 1, paratype): Measurements. Female large sized; total length 22.8, prosoma length 9.8, prosoma width 8.6, anterior width of prosoma 5.5, opisthosoma length 13.0, opisthosoma width 8.2. Eye diameters: AME 0.58, ALE 0.45, PME 0.38, PLE 0.47; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.50, AME-ALE 0.22, PME-PME 0.82, PME-PLE 0.70, AME-PME 0.69, ALE-PLE 0.48, clypeus height at AME 0.52, clypeus height at ALE 0.65. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 5 posterior teeth. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.4 [3.1, 1.7, 2.0, 3.6], I 31.9 [9.1, 4.1, 8.2, 8.6, 2.7], II 34.0 [10.1, 4.4, 8.2, 8.6, 2.7], III 28.9 [8.6, 4.0, 6.8, 7.2, 2.3], IV 32.8 [9.6, 3.8, 8.0, 8.7, 2.7]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 424, IV 322; Patella I – IV 001; Tibia I – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF slightly longer than wide but MS is distinctly wider than long (Fig. 28 a); CD partially to fully sclerotized, GP not well developed but parallel to CD (Figs 28 b, c) Colouration [in ethanol]. Reddish brown with darker bands on tibiae and femora of the legs, ventral opisthosoma with a V-shaped dark marking (Figs 53 a – c).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9820D136225A58167FEBEFC5B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype male and paratype female both share the same somatic characters including eyes arrangement, leg formula, spination pattern, cheliceral dentition and presence of the ventral opisthosoma dark marking and three to five thick bristles at the retromarginal side of chelicerae basal segment. Known geographical distribution and habitat. From Burkina Faso to Nigeria (Jos Plateau) in Central Africa (Fig. 71 a).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98212136225A5811FFCCAFAB2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Intermarginal denticles of chelicerae present (Figs 29 e, 31 e, 35 e); in female epigyne, AMLL fused together and encircling MS entirely (Figs 30 a, 32 a, 34 a, 36 a); male palp exhibiting an obviously enlarged subtegulum (Figs 29 a, 31 a, 35 a). Species composition. Four species: E. jaegeri spec. nov., E. jocquei spec. nov., E. schoemanae spec. nov. and E. borakalalo spec. nov.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98212136225A5811FFCCAFAB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. From Southern Africa to Zimbabwe (Fig. 71 b).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98212136725A58081FA9BFA00.taxon	description	Figs 29 – 30, 54 a, 64 a, d	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98212136725A58081FA9BFA00.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng Province: 20 km NE of Pretoria, S 25 ˚ 36.321 ', E 28 ˚ 19.450 ', under stone in retreat, collected at night, 8 September 2004, D. Kunz leg. (SMF, SD 295, MM 52). Paratypes (7 ♂, 5 ♀♀): SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng Province: 1 ♀, Pretoria, Baviaanspoort, under stones, 22 October 1988, M. Filmer leg. (PPRI 90 / 387); 1 ♀, Western Transvaal, 4 April 1987, H. Uys leg. (PPRI 88 / 354); Limpopo Province: 1 ♀, Roodeplaat, S 25 ˚ 36.052 ', E 28 ˚ 19.731 ', 1226 m, under stone in retreat, 13 July 2004, D. Kunz leg. (SMF, SD 34, MM 51); 1 ♀, Klein Kariba, S 24 º 50 ' 59 '', E 28 º 20 ' 20 '', 26 November 1996, A. V. D Berg leg. (PPRI 97 / 163). North West Province: 1 ♂, Borakalalo Nature Reserve, label: “ Buphuthatswana ”, S 25 ˚, E 27 ˚, October 1986, M. Filmer leg. (PPRI 87 / 720); 1 ♂, same data as previous (PPRI 87 / 75); 1 ♂, same data as previous, April 1986 (PPRI 87 / 131); 1 ♂, same data as previous, 20 November 1986 (PPRI 87 / 120); 1 ♂, Magaliesberg, May 1990, L. Prendini leg. (PPRI 91 / 1435); 1 ♂, Farms Elandsfontein / Buffelshoek, 37 km W of Thabazimbi, under stone in cocoon, area covered with dry leaves, 3 November 1979, M. Stiller leg. (PPRI 80 / 174), 1 ♂, Buffelspoort dam, Rustenburg District, under dry bark of protea stump, 14 October 1979, M. Stiller leg. (PPRI 80 / 185); BOTSWANA: 1 ♀, Rooikop, 15 January 1994, A. Harington leg. (PPRI 2001 / 96). Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo Province: 2 ♀♀, 6 juveniles, Makapan, S 23 º 10 ' 60 '', E 28 º 36 ' 0 '', (MNHN 16.851); 1 ♀, Northen Cape Province: Kimberley (MNHN 13.037).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98212136725A58081FA9BFA00.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honour of Dr Peter Jäger (SMF) in recognition of his scientific support of this project and also his invaluable help, motivation and encouragement; noun in genitive.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98212136725A58081FA9BFA00.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males differing from congeners by slender and curving ET pointing smoothly distad at its distal end (Fig. 29 c) and dRTA with a ventral bulge (Figs 29 a, b); epigyne with two large triangular processes at posterior margine of lateral lobes (LL) (Fig. 30 a) [see also diagnosis for jaegeri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98212136725A58081FA9BFA00.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 8, single measurement: holotype): Measurements. Males medium sized; total length 13.5, prosoma length 5.7 – 6.3, prosoma width 4.7 – 5.8, anterior width of prosoma 2.5 – 3.1, opisthosoma length 7.8 – 8.0, opisthosoma width 4.0 – 4.7. Eye diameters: AME 0.40, ALE 0.30, PME 0.25, PLE 0.27; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.38, PME-PLE 0.44, AME-PME 0.28, ALE-PLE 0.24, clypeus height at AME 0.23, clypeus height at ALE 0.31. AME largest (> 1.5 times larger than PME) (Fig. 29 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 or 5 posterior teeth (3 or 4 larger teeth followed by smaller ones), cheliceral furrow with median line of 3 to 5 intermarginal denticles (Fig. 29 e). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 6.9 [2.2, 1.1, 1.1, 2.5], I 24.2 [6.5, 2.1, 6.0, 6.5, 2.1], II 28.2 [7.8, 2.7, 7.3, 8.2, 2.2], III 22.5 [6.5, 2.3, 5.5, 6.2, 2.0], IV 25.0 [7.0, 2.3, 6.2, 7.4, 2.1]. Spination. Palp 131, 000 / 001, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 323 (423), IV 322; Patella I – IV 101; Tibia I – IV 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium more than twice as long as tibia (Fig. 29 b), dRTA beak-like and vRTA wide and triangular in ventral view (Fig. 29 a); ET retrolaterad with distal tip bent at right angle (Fig. 29 c). Female (ranges: n = 8, single measurement: paratype MM 51): Measurements. Medium sized; total length: 13.4 – 19.2, prosoma length 5.3 – 7.2, prosoma width 4.8 – 6.3, anterior width of prosoma 3.0 – 3.8, opisthosoma length 8.1 – 12.0, opisthosoma width 5.2 – 7.6. Eye diameters: AME 0.45, ALE 0.34, PME 0.31, PLE 0.35; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.31, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.51, PME-PLE 0.52, AME-PME 0.32, ALE-PLE 0.25, clypeus height at AME 0.34, clypeus height at ALE 0.40. Chelicerae. Chelicerae dentition as in males. AME largest. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 7.4 [2.3, 1.2, 1.5, 2.4], I 24.7 [6.6, 3.3, 5.9, 6.8, 2.1], II 27.3 [7.5, 3.5, 6.6, 7.5, 2.2], III 22.9 [6.7, 2.8, 5.4, 6.0, 2.0], IV 25.1 [7.0, 2.8, 6.0, 7.2, 2.1]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321 / 322; Patella I – IV 000 / 101; Tibia I – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with MS enlarged, roundish and bulged outward ventrally (Fig. 30 a), CD massive and dark in colour and fully to partially sclerotized (Fig. 30 b), GP reduced in size and situated close to TL (Figs 30 c, d). Colouration. Body uniformly coloured with pale brownish gray hairs and a longitudinal darker strip on dorsal opisthosoma (Fig. 54 a) Known geographical distribution and habitat. South Africa: central region and Botswana collected from retreats under stones covered by bushes. One specimen sampled with an Euprosthenops sp. (Pisauridae).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98217136425A580ECFDEDF816.taxon	description	Figs 31 – 33, 54 b – c, 64 b, e	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98217136425A580ECFDEDF816.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: male, SOUTH AFRICA: Northern Cape Province: Namaqualand, Lieliefontein, S 30.39 ˚, E 18.28 ˚, 1048 m, Malaise trap, 28 October 2001, (PH II 6), C. Mayer leg. (ZMB 48505). Paratypes (2 ♂, 2 ♀♀): SOUTH AFRICA: Northern Cape Province: 1 ♂, with same data as for holotype (SMF); 2 ♀♀, Kamiesberg Mountain, 22 – 24 km E of Kamieskroon, S 30 ˚ 18 ', E 18 ˚ 05 ', 4 – 5 November 1985, C. Griswold, J. Doyen & T. M. Griswold leg. (NMSA 20184); 1 ♀, Farm Loeriesfontein, Aberdeen, Great Karroo, under stone, 1972 – 73, M. Stiller leg. (PPRI 80 / 194); NAMIBIA: Karas Region: 1 ♂, Near Kodaspiek, 3 September 1992, S. Neser leg. (PPRI 92 / 543). Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA: Northern Cape Province: 4 ♀♀, Calvinia, 10 km N of Loeriesfontein, [S 30.58 ˚, E 19.26 ˚, 3152 m], 22 October 1990, L. N. Lotz leg. (BMSA 5490).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98217136425A580ECFDEDF816.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a patronyme in honour of Dr Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman who promotes the arachnological science in Africa; noun in genitive case.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98217136425A580ECFDEDF816.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small-sized Eusparassus species. Male with diagnostic triangular ET and lobe of EM projecting behind base of conductor on tegulum (Figs 31 a, c). Epigyne and MS elongated (Figs 32 a, 33 a); vulva with humplike glandular process (Figs 32 c, 33 b) [see also diagnosis for jaegeri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98217136425A580ECFDEDF816.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 3, single measurement: holotype): Measurements. Small-sized species. Total length 10.4, prosoma length 4.6, prosoma width 3.8, anterior width of prosoma 2.1, opisthosoma length 5.8, opisthosoma width 3.5. Eye diameters: AME 0.38, ALE 0.25, PME 0.24, PLE 0.27; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.17, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.38, PME-PLE 0.25, AME-PME 0.20, ALE-PLE 0.12, clypeus height at AME 0.17, clypeus height at ALE 0.25. AME largest, other eyes subequal (Fig. 31 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 to 6 posterior teeth (3 or 4 larger teeth followed by smaller ones), cheliceral furrow with 2 to 5 intermarginal denticles close to anterior teeth (Fig. 31 e). Legs. Leg formula: II IV = I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 6.0 [2.0, 0.8, 1.1, 2.1], I 22.4 [5.9, 2.3, 5.8, 6.4, 2.0], II 24.8 [6.7, 2.5, 6.5, 7.0, 2.1], III 20.3 [5.8, 2.1, 5.2, 5.5, 1.7], IV 22.5 [6.4, 2.2, 5.7, 6.2, 2.0]. Spination. Palp 131, 000 / 001, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 323 (422), IV 322 (332); Patella I – IV 000 / 001; Tibia I – IV 2024 / 2124; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3034 / 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium approximately twice as long as tibia (Fig. 31 b); T and ST bulged and expanded, dRTA pointing distad and vRTA hump-like (Fig. 31 a). Female (ranges: n = 7, single measurement: paratype MM 182): Measurements. Small sized; total length: 8.5 – 10.2, prosoma length 4.5 – 5.5, prosoma width 4.0 – 4.7, anterior width of prosoma 2.3 – 2.7, opisthosoma length 7.0 – 9.3, opisthosoma width 4.2 – 5.8. Eye diameters: AME 0.37, ALE 0.30, PME 0.26, PLE 0.28; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.26, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.43, PME- PLE 0.45, AME-PME 0.28, ALE-PLE 0.23, clypeus height at AME 0.20, clypeus height at ALE 0.28. Chelicerae. Chelicerae dentition as in males, sometimes with fewer intermarginal denticles. Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 6.6 [1.8, 1.0, 1.4, 2.4], I 19.4 [5.3, 2.5, 4.8, 5.4, 1.6], II 21.2 [6.1, 2.1, 5.3, 6.1, 1.6], III 17.3 [5.1, 2.0, 4.2, 4.5, 1.5], IV 19.4 [5.6, 2.1, 4.6, 5.5, 1.6]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321 / 322; Patella I – IV 000 / 001; Tibia I – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis, epigyne with hyaline MS generally elongated (Figs 32 a, 33 a), anterior bands of epigynal field present (Fig. 33 a), CD narrow and TL hidden behind MS dorsally (Fig. 32 b). Colouration [in ethanol]. Prosoma and legs uniformly yellowish brown, opisthosoma brownish gray dorsally with a line of small dark chevrons (Figs 54 b – c). Known geographical distribution and habitat. South Africa (Northern Cape) and Namibia (Fig. 71 b); under stones at higher elevations in mountains.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136A25A58594FD85FB5F.taxon	description	Figs 34, 55 c, 64 g	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136A25A58594FD85FB5F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: female, SOUTH AFRICA: Limpopo Province: Borakalalo Nature Reserve, Rust de Winter, S 25.15 ˚, E 28.29 ˚, in grass, April 1986, M. Filmer leg. (PPRI 87 / 137, MM 65). Paratype (1 ♀): SOUTH AFRICA: Gauteng Province: 1 ♀, Johannesburg, October 1995, A. Harrington leg. (PPRI 2001 / 94, MM 68).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136A25A58594FD85FB5F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136A25A58594FD85FB5F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is the only known member of the jaegeri - group whose EF is distinctly wider than long (Figs 34 a, f) [see also diagnosis for jaegeri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136A25A58594FD85FB5F.taxon	description	Description Female (n = 2) [holotype first with measurements of paratype in parenthesis]: Measurements. Medium sized; total length 12.1, prosoma length 6.4 (5.7), prosoma width 5.7 (4.9), anterior width of prosoma 3.4 (3.1), opisthosoma length 9.3 (7.0), opisthosoma width 5.1 (4.5). Eye diameters: AME 0.41, ALE 0.30, PME 0.28, PLE 0.33; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.27, AME-ALE 0.11, PME-PME 0.48, PME- PLE 0.50, AME-PME 0.25, ALE-PLE 0.23, clypeus height at AME 0.30, clypeus height at ALE 0.35. AME largest (~ 1.4 times larger), others subequal (Fig. 34 e). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 4 or 5 posterior teeth (2 or 3 larger teeth followed by smaller ones), cheliceral furrow with a median line of 8 to 10 intermarginal denticles (Fig. 34 d). Legs. Leg formula: II IV I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 7.0 [2.1, 1.2, 1.5, 2.2], I 22.3 [5.9, 3.0, 5.3, 6.1, 2.0], II 24.9 [7.0, 3.0, 6.2, 6.7, 2.0], III 20.5 [5.7, 2.5, 4.8, 5.1, 1.8], IV 23.1 [6.1, 2.5, 6.1, 6.4, 2.0]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321 (322); Patella I – IV 000; Tibia I – IV 0004 / 2024; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036 / 3034. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with AMLL straight (Fig. 34 a) or with bulge (Fig. 34 f), posterior margin of LL expanded laterally (Fig. 34 a); CD slender and in connection with membranous MS, TL visible in dorsal view (Fig. 34 b); glandular pores restricted to small circular depression on vulva (Fig. 34 c). Colouration [in ethanol]. Yellowish brown, opisthosoma darker dorsally with a line of small dark chevrons (Fig. 55 c). Male. Unknown. Known geographical distribution and habitat. South Africa (central), sympatric in some area with E. jaegeri spec. nov., collected in grass.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136F25A58015FDA3FBCB.taxon	description	Figs 35 – 36, 55 a – b, 64 c, f	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136F25A58015FDA3FBCB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: male, ZIMBABWE: Matabeleland North Province: Bulawayo (S 20 ° 8 ' 60, E 28 ° 34 ' 60, 1351 m) [label: Rhodesia: Bulawayo], November 1964 – January 1965, S. Bucklin leg., MM 201 (MRAC 128093). Paratypes: 5 ♂, 1 ♀ (MM 202), 2 juveniles, with same data as for holotype (4 ♂, 1 ♀ MRAC; 1 ♂ SMF). Other material examined. 1 ♀, “ Ostafrika ” [= East Africa] (potentially Tanzania, Mozambique, Rwanda or Burundi; see remarks below), December 1904, W. Triesler leg. (ZMB).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136F25A58015FDA3FBCB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honour of Dr Rudy Jocqué (MRAC). The visit of the author to MRAC coincided with his retirement. The author would like to dedicate the name of this conspicuous species to him in recognition of his long time of productive arachnological research especially on African spiders; noun in genitive case.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136F25A58015FDA3FBCB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is the only Eusparassus species whose male’s dRTA is bifurcated at its distal end (Figs 35 a, b) and female epigyne with MS clearly visible posteriorly (Fig. 36 a) [see also diagnosis for jaegeri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136F25A58015FDA3FBCB.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 6, single measurement: holotype): Measurements. Males medium-sized. Total length 12.0 – 13.8, prosoma length 5.7 – 6.3, prosoma width 4.6 – 5.4, anterior width of prosoma 2.7 – 3.0, opisthosoma length 6.3 – 7.5, opisthosoma width 4.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.47, ALE 0.33, PME 0.31, PLE 0.34; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.42, PME- PLE 0.45, AME-PME 0.33, ALE-PLE 0.22, clypeus height at AME 0.23, clypeus height at ALE 0.37. AME largest, other eyes subequal (Fig. 35 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 or 4 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow with a line of 7 to 10 intermarginal denticles (Fig. 35 e). Legs. Leg formula: II I IV III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 8.3 [2.8, 1.2, 1.3, 3.0], I 29.8 [7.9, 3.1, 7.5, 8.7, 2.6], II 32.0 [8.7, 3.3, 8.3, 9.1, 2.6], III 26.8 [7.7, 2.8, 6.7, 7.4, 2.2], IV 29.1 [8.1, 2.7, 7.2, 8.7, 2.4]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 322; Patella I – IV 001 / 101; Tibia I – IV 2124 / 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with weakly developed vRTA, ST huge and cymbium approximately twice as long as tibia (Figs 35 a, b); ET wide and only distally narrowed, ET directed retrolaterad first and ending proximad at its distal end (Fig. 35 c). Female (n = 2, single measurement: paratype): Measurements. Medium sized. Total length 17.1; prosoma length 6.7, prosoma width 5.6, anterior width of prosoma 3.6, opisthosoma length 10.4, opisthosoma width 7.5. Eye diameters: AME 0.45, ALE 0.33, PME 0.31, PLE 0.33; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.25, AME-ALE 0.13, PME-PME 0.45, PME-PLE 0.51, AME-PME 0.33, ALE-PLE 0.23, clypeus height at AME 0.35, clypeus height at ALE 0.45. Chelicerae. Chelicerae dentition like as male. Legs. Leg formula II I IV III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 7.5 [2.3, 1.1, 1.4, 2.7], I 23.7 [6.3, 2.9, 5.7, 6.7, 2.1], II 25.6 [7.0, 3.0, 6.2, 7.2, 2.2], III 20.0 [6.1, 2.2, 4.8, 5.3, 1.6], IV 22.3 [6.5, 2.5, 5.4, 6.3, 2.1]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321; Patella I – IV 000 / 001; Tibia I – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF nearly as wide as long; MS thoroughly visible between lateral lobes (Fig. 36 a); MS folded and in connection with extra membranous parts forming an inverse pocket visible in dorsal view between CDs (Fig. 36 b); glandular pores restricted to a small depression near TL (Fig. 36 c). Colouration [in ethanol]. Yellowish cream prosoma with dark brown dorsal opisthosoma decorated with a chevron pattern, ventral opisthosoma pale in colour (Figs 55 a – b).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821A136F25A58015FDA3FBCB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The copulatory structures of E. jocquei spec. nov. are strikingly different from other members of jaegeri group including the bifurcated dRTA and the distinctly visible MS between LL. However, it contains all the diagnostic characters of jaegeri species group. A female was found in ZMB, with label information “ Ostafrika ” [= German for “ East Africa ”]. German East Africa used to be a German colony at the date of collecting (1904) which included what are now modern Tanzania, Rwanda, Mozambique and Burundi. Since the majority of the former German colony currently comprises the modern countries Tanzania and Mozambique, the specimen was probably collected from one of these countries. Known geographical distribution and habitat. Known from the type locality and probably Tanzania or Mozambique in Southeast Africa.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821F136F25A581AFFC18FA22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Lacking intermarginal denticles in chelicerae (Figs 37 e, 40 e); female epigyne with AMLL fused together and encircling MS entirely (Figs 38 a, 41 a); male palps with an enlarged sub-tegulum (not as large as those of jaegeri - group) and very long embolus tip, embolus much longer relative to tegulum compared to other species groups; EM developed and forming a process covering ET partially (Figs 37 a – c) to completely (Figs 40 a – c). Species composition. Two species: E. tuckeri comb. nov., E. educatus spec. nov.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821F136F25A581AFFC18FA22.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South-west Africa: Namibia and Angola (Fig. 71 b).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821F131225A58311FEBCFE1B.taxon	description	Figs 37 – 39, 56 b, 65 a – b	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821F131225A58311FEBCFE1B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype of Olios tuckeri (designated by Lawrence 1927): male, NAMIBIA: Kunene Region: Kunene River [label: Type, 1 ♂, Sparassidae, Eusparassus tuckeri lawr., South West Africa, Kunene R., c 1712 BC, R. F. Lawrence 1922, Shelf no. SAM / Aran 2639] (SAMC B 7124); Lectotype of Olios furcatus (designated here): female, NAMIBIA: Kunene Region: Kunene River [label: South West Africa, Kunene R. c 1712 BC, March 1923, R. F. Lawrence, Acc. no. B 6625, Shelf no. SAM / Aran 2427] (SAMC B 6625). Other material examined. NAMIBIA: Kunene Region: 1 ♂, Epupa Falls, DK 334, 22 February 2005, D. Kunz leg. (SMF); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 sub ♀, 1 juvenile, Etosha National Park, Sprokieswoud, 19 ˚ 05 ' S, 15 ˚ 37 ' E, 10 October 1986, under stones, E. Griffin leg. (NMNW 40564); 1 ♀, Etosha Pan, 18 ˚ 50 ' S, 16 ˚ 20 ' E, 4 March 1969, B. Lamoral & R. Day leg. (NMSA 12519); 2 ♂, Etosha National Park: Halali, 19 ˚ 01 ' S, 16 ˚ 29 ' E, 16 December 1993, B. M. Ullig leg. (ZMB); 2 ♀♀, SW of Windhoek, December 1929, R. Tucker leg. (SAMC 5162). Oshikoto Region: 2 ♀♀, Tsumeb, 1920, E. Koodig leg. (SAMC 4810). Otjozondjupa Region: 2 ♀♀, Road B 8, S 19 ˚ 16.962 ', E 18 ˚ 26.935 ', 1233 m, 19 October 2009, M. Forman leg. (SD 802 & 803, SMF); 2 ♀♀, Grootfontein, 1919, R. M. Lightfoot leg. (SAMC 4625); ANGOLA: Namibe Province: 1 ♂, Parque Nacional de Iona (Iona National Park), 31 km S of Tombor, S 16 ˚ 20 ' 36.1 '', E 12 ˚ 26 ' 21.1 '', 241 m, 11 January 2006, under stones, dense silk retreats, T. & C. Bird leg. (NMNW 45826); 1 ♀, 30 – 45 km NE of Namibe, 14 ˚ 55 ' 25.6 '' S, 12 ˚ 22 ' 11.7 '' E, 316 m, 12 January 2006, TB 06 / 36, T. & C. Bird leg. (NMNW 45828); 1 ♀, Parque Nacional de Iona, 52 km NW of Espinheira, S 17 ˚ 04 ' 26.9 '', E 12 ˚ 03 ' 40.9 '', 564 m, 10 January 2006, dense silk retreats under stones, T. & C. Bird leg. (NMNW 45829); 1 ♀, Iona district, “ Espaniera ” (Espinheira), mountainous desert on grassy plain in between, 14 July 1996, R. Harris leg. (PPRI 96 / 595).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821F131225A58311FEBCFE1B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males easily distinguishable by long and slender ET directed proximad and by folded process of EM extending beyond ET retrolaterally (Figs 37 a – c); females vulva with simple and straight CD and TL (Figs 38 b – c, 39 c) [compared to E. educatus spec. nov. with complicated vulvas] [see also diagnosis for tuckeri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821F131225A58311FEBCFE1B.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 6, single measurement: holotype): Measurements (holotype first). Total length 8.7 – 10.1, prosoma length 4.2 – 5.1, prosoma width 3.5 – 4.7, anterior width of prosoma 1.8 – 2.6, opisthosoma length 4.5 – 5.0, opisthosoma width 3.0 – 4.1. Eye diameters: AME 0.32, ALE 0.25, PME 0.23, PLE 0.27. Eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.36, PME- PLE 0.30, AME-PME 0.24, ALE-PLE 0.20, clypeus height at AME 0.09, clypeus height at ALE 0.17. AME largest, ALE and PME subequal and smaller than PLE (Fig. 37 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 or 4 posterior teeth; cheliceral furrow without intermarginal denticles (Fig. 37 e). Legs. Leg formula: II IV = I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 5.5 [1.7, 0.8, 0.9, 2.1], I 19.4 [5.5, 1.9, 5.1, 5.3, 1.6], II 23.2 [6.3, 2.2, 6.1, 6.7, 1.9], III 17.1 [5.0, 1.7, 4.1, 4.5, 1.8], IV 19.4 [5.5, 1.7, 4.9, 5.7, 1.6]. Spination. Palp 131, 001; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 322; Patella I – IV 101; Tibia I – IV 2124 / 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3034. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium ~ 2.5 times longer than tibia; dRTA shortened and vRTA hump-like (Figs 37 a, b). Female (ranges: n = 14, single measurement: lectotype): Measurements (lectotype first). Total length: 12.2 – 14.3 prosoma length 4.6 – 6.1, prosoma width 3.9 – 5.0, anterior width of prosoma 3.0 – 3.3, opisthosoma length 7.6 – 8.2, opisthosoma width 4.0 – 5.2. Eye diameters: AME 0.36, ALE 0.26, PME 0.25, PLE 0.31; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.24, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.42, PME-PLE 0.43, AME-PME 0.21, ALE-PLE 0.17, clypeus AME 0.15, clypeus ALE 0.20. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow with intermarginal denticles; one bristle at distal end of cheliceral basal segment. Legs. Leg formula: II IV = I III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 5.4 [1.4, 0.7, 1.0, 2.3], I 16.5 [4.7, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 1.4], II 19.1 [5.4, 2.3, 4.8, 5.1, 1.5], III 14.0 [4.2, 1.7, 3.3, 3.4, 1.4], IV 16.9 [4.7, 2.2, 4.0, 4.6, 1.4]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321 / 322; Patella I – IV 000 / 001; Tibia I – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3034. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF slightly longer than wide (Fig. 38 a), but in some specimens clearly longer than wide (Figs 39 a, b); AMLL arch-shaped and LL enlarged laterally (Figs 38 a, 39 a, b); vulva with part of glandular pores shifted close to TL (Figs 38 b, c; 39 c). Colouration [in ethanol]. Yellowish brown with uniform body colour in prosoma and legs; dorsal opisthosoma with a darker band and surrounding dark patches (Fig. 56 b).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9821F131225A58311FEBCFE1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type specimens were collected during the museum (SAMC) expedition to Kunene River in 1923. Lawrence (1927) described male and female of a single species under two different specific names. He classified them in the genus Olios. At that time, usage of the generic names Eusparassus and Olios was a subject of disputes, as the genera were not explicitly diagnosed. Simon (1932) was the first reviewer who distinguished between the genera Olios and Eusparassus (for more details see Moradmand and Jäger 2012 b). However, this problem existed until recently as these two genera are very similar in terms of somatic characters and many transfers have been proposed (Moradmand & Jäger 2012 a). Lawrence (1927) found two different male morphs and one female morph from the same locality, Kunene River. He described a male under the name tuckeri using a single male specimen. For some unexplained reason he described the female of tuckeri under the name furcatus along with a different male. This strange male (Lawrence 1927: fig. 68) belongs to a different, undescribed genus of Eusparassinae. According to the original description by Lawrence (1927), specific name furcatus is clearly assigned to the female. There are two main reasons for this judgment: first, Lawrence (1927) didnot list the accession number of the male (SAMC B 6751) in the description, second he gave differential diagnosis just for the female. Thus, O. furcatus sensu Lawrence, 1927 is explicitly the female. Accordingly, the female and male of O. furcatus are designated as lectotype and paralectotype, respectively. The female (lectotype of Olios furcatus) was misidentified by Lawrence and is clearly the conspecific female of E. tuckeri comb. nov. Finding of several sympatric males and females confirms this decision. Consequently, O. furcatus is proposed to be the junior synonym of E. tuckeri comb. nov. The paralectotype male of Olios furcatus resembles the genus Eusparassus in many somatic and genital characters but belongs to an undescribed genus. The vial of these specimens contained several male and also a female with a pre-epigyne, this female was probably overlooked by Lawrence. Known geographical distribution and habitat. Northern Namibia and southern Angola (new country record) (Fig. 71 b).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98262131725A584DFFC8BFE80.taxon	description	Figs 40 – 41, 56 a, 65 c – d	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98262131725A584DFFC8BFE80.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: male, NAMIBIA: Kunene Region: NE of Juriesdraai, Palmwag Lodge, under roof, S 19 ˚ 53.246 ', E 13 ˚ 56.203 ', 3 March 2005, DK 378, D. Kunz leg. (SMF). Paratypes (4 ♂, 5 ♀♀): NAMIBIA: Kunene Region: 1 ♂, campsite Warmquelle, under roof, S 19 ˚ 8.299 ', E 13 ˚ 48.830 ', 2 March 2005, DK 376, D. Kunz leg. (SMF); 1 ♂, campsite Warmquelle, under roof, S 19 ˚ 8.299 ', E 13 ˚ 48.830 ', 3 March 2005, (DK 377, SD 341), D. Kunz leg. (SMF); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Epupa Falls, S 17 ˚ 0.122 ', E 13 ˚ 14.714 ', 23 March 2005, D. Kunz leg. (SMF, 1 ♂, DK 337, SD 530, 1 ♀, DK 336, SD 332). Karasburg District: 1 ♂, Farm Augurabis 109, Gaapriver, S 27 ˚ 27 ' 04.0 '', E 17 ˚ 42 ' 18.9 '', 556 m, 25 August 2005, TB 05 / 174, EduVentures 7 th Expedition in Fish River Canyon (NMNW 47510). Erongo Region: 1 ♀, Brandberg, Hungarob River side, S 21 ˚ 13.25 ', E 14 ˚ 31.03 ', 700 m, Pitfall row 2, 27 April 2000, K. Meakin leg. (NMNW 45421); 1 ♀, Brandberg, Numas Plateau (NMNW 35237); 1 ♀, N of Keetmanshoop, W. 1910 – 11, Kramer leg., Dr Werner ded. 28 August 1912 (ZMH).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98262131725A584DFFC8BFE80.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ educatus ” is a Latin term (adjective) meaning “ to train ” or “ to bring up a child ”. It referrs to “ the EduVentures Programme ”, an educational program by NMNW aiming to explore and collect the biodiversity data within the remote areas of Namibia and educating children who have in most cases disadvantaged lives. One paratype male was collected during “ the EduVentures 7 th Expedition ” by these children. This new species is the first species described from their material and named to promote this educational project and support these children.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98262131725A584DFFC8BFE80.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This unique species can be easily diagnosed by strongly elongated palpal structures, especially the slender embolus, which is covered by the similar long EM (Figs 40 a – c, 41 d); female vulva is uniquely coiled and twisted and has an extra small glandular process (Figs 41 b, c) [see also diagnosis for tuckeri species group above].	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98262131725A584DFFC8BFE80.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 5, single measurement: holotype): Measurements (holotype first). Males medium-sized. Total length 11.1 – 16.3, prosoma length 6.0 – 8.2, prosoma width 5.4 – 6.8, anterior width of prosoma 2.9 – 3.5, opisthosoma length 5.1 – 8.1, opisthosoma width 2.3 – 5.5. Eye diameters: AME 0.52, ALE 0.48, PME 0.42, PLE 0.51; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.20, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.43, PME-PLE 0.53, AME-PME 0.41, ALE-PLE 0.28, clypeus height at AME 0.37, clypeus height at ALE 0.48. AME and PLE approximately equal (Fig. 40 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 to 5 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow without intermarginal denticles (Fig. 40 e). Legs. Leg formula: II I IV III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 11.3 [3.6, 1.3, 2.1, 4.3], I 36.0 [10.0, 4.4, 9.7, 9.8, 2.1], II 41.5 [11.6, 4.7, 11.7, 10.8, 2.7], III 32.4 [9.8, 4.0, 8.6, 7.9, 2.1], IV 34.2 [10.0, 3.7, 9.1, 9.3, 2.1]. Spination. Palp 131, 000 / 001, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 322; Patella I – IV 001 / 101; Tibia I – IV 2124 / 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3034 / 3036. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium approximately 2.5 times longer than tibia; dRTA very slim, vRTA rounded and not well developed; embolus very narrow, covered by hyaline and folded embolus membrane (EM) (Figs 40 a – c), E and EM loosely connected (Fig. 41 d). Female (ranges: n = 5, single measurement: paratype MM 52): Measurements. Medium-sized; total length 16.7 – 19.0, prosoma length 8.1 – 8.5, prosoma width 6.8 – 7.4, anterior width of prosoma 3.8 – 4.3, opisthosoma length 8.6 – 10.5, opisthosoma width 5.0 – 7.5. Eye diameters: AME 0.48, ALE 0.50, PME 0.44, PLE 0.56; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.24, AME-ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.50, PME-PLE 0.45, AME-PME 0.46, ALE-PLE 0.28, clypeus height at AME 0.38, clypeus height at ALE 0.50. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 to 5 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow without intermarginal denticles. Legs. Leg formula: II I IV III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 8.3 [2.5, 1.2, 1.3, 3.3], I 26.5 [7.3, 3.3, 7.1, 7.2, 1.6], II 28.5 [8.3, 3.4, 7.8, 7.3, 1.7], III 23.5 [7.1, 3.0, 6.1, 5.8, 1.5], IV 24.8 [7.3, 2.7, 6.5, 6.7, 1.6]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 322; Patella I – II 000, III – IV 001; Tibia I – IV 2024; Metatarsus I – III 2024, IV 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with EF longer than wide (Fig. 41 a), MS hyaline and connected to CD in dorsal view (Fig. 41 b); vulva coiled in series of complex loops (Fig. 41 c) Colouration. Yellowish cream with dark black marks on prosoma and dorsal opisthosoma, legs distinctly with strong black bands (Fig. 56 a). Known geographical distribution and habitat. Relatively widely distributed throughout Namibia, collected from desert areas, some specimens under roofs of buildings.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98267131725A5846CFF7AFBBA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chelicerae without intermarginal denticles; ventral opisthosoma pale in colour (Fig. 58 b); ST small in size and located behind EM (e. g. Fig. 67 a); AMLL of epigyne not fused anteriorly (e. g. Fig. 67 b); GP present. Species composition. Seven species: Eusparassus doriae (Simon, 1874); E. oculatus (Kroneberg, 1875); E. potanini (Simon, 1895); E. maynardi (Pocock, 1901); E. kronebergi Denis, 1958; E. fuscimanus Denis, 1958 and E. mesopotamicus Moradmand and Jäger, 2012 (for full descriptions, see Moradmand & Jäger 2012 a).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98267131725A5846CFF7AFBBA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. From the Middle East to Central and parts of South Asia (Fig. 72 a). Species with unclear group affiliation The following three species, Eusparassus xerxes (Pocock, 1901), E. pontii Caporiacco, 1935 and Cercetius perezi Simon, 1902 cannot be placed in the species groups recognized above. They show a transition in character states. Eusparassus pontii is closely allied to the members of the doriae group but differ from them by having a distinct dark marking on the ventral opisthosoma (Fig. 56 f). Eusparassus pontii is also similar to E. xerxes (presence of ventral opisthosoma marking) but differs by having a single bristle instead of four at the basal segment of the chelicerae. This species is probably derived from the members of the doriae group in the Himalayas. For full description of E. pontii, see Moradmand & Jäger 2012 a. The distribution of these three species is shown in Fig. 72 b.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98267131625A58171FEBCFF48.taxon	description	Figs 56 c – d, 66 c – d	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98267131625A58171FEBCFF48.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Syntypes (designated by Pocock 1901): 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 immatures, IRAN: Bushehr Province: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juvenile, Bushehr (sub Bushier), F. W. Townsend leg. (NHM 1882.109); 1 ♂, PAKISTAN: Baluchistan Province: Ormara, Makran Coast, F. W. Townsend leg. (NHM 1899.10.6.7); 1 ♂, Ormara, Makran Coast, F. W. Townsend leg. (NHM 0.5.6.20). Material examined. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Ajman: 1 ♂, S of Al Manamah, Wadi Siji, 1995, Ziegler leg. (SMF).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98267131625A58171FEBCFF48.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the first record of E. xerxes from the Arabian Peninsula. According to the distribution range of E. xerxes, it occurs along the Northern strip of the Persian Gulf in Iran to the Makran Coast and central parts of Pakistan (Fig. 72 b). However, it was not surprising to encounter this species on the Southern shores of the Persian Gulf. This single male specimen has all the diagnostic character of this species. In addition to the characters of copulatory structure, it has the diagnostic vase-like dark marking on the opisthosoma ventrally (Fig. 56 d). For detailed species description, see Moradmand and Jäger (2012 a: 43). Systematic position. Eusparassus xerxes is similar to the dufouri and vestigator groups due to the presence of the dark marking on the ventral opisthosoma, but the females differ in having not fused AMLL of epigyne. It is similar to doriae group in the latter character. Eusparassus xerxes has four thick bristles, a character shared with the vestigator group, but it differs in lacking the autapomorphic character of the vestigator group, the strongly developed vRTA. Consequently, E. xerxes could not be placed in any of the vestigator, doriae or dufouri groups. Its geographical distribution also supports this intermediate status. Known geographical distribution. From the Middle East [Iran and UAE (new country record)] to Pakistan (Fig. 72 b).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98266131625A58424FCB4FD1E.taxon	discussion	The monotypic genus Cercetius was erected by Simon (1902) based on a juvenile specimen. The genus and its type species, C. perezi Simon, 1902 have never been explicitly diagnosed prior to this study. Examination of the type material revealed that Cercetius falls into the synonymy of Eusparassus as defined by Moradmand and Jäger (2012 a). To maintain stability of nomenclature case proposal 3596 was submitted to ICZN to give the widely used name Eusparassus Simon, 1903 priority over Cercetius (for details see Moradmand & Jäger 2012 b). In accordance with Article 82.1 of the Code, the prevailing usage of names is maintained until the ruling of the Commission is published. Therefore, both generic names Eusparassus and Cercetius are used in this paper, and formal synonymization is postponed until final ICZN decision.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98266131B25A587D5FEC7FB75.taxon	description	Figs 42 – 43, 57, 66 a – b, e	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98266131B25A587D5FEC7FB75.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (designated by Simon 1902): juvenile, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Dibba, Persian Gulf shore, [label: Golfe persique: Dibba, St. XLV, Mission Bonnier – Perez, Cotes-Arabie, March – April 1901, MM. J. Bonnier & Ch. Perez leg. (MNHN 1658 - 21936)]. Other material examined (9 ♂, 6 ♀♀). UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi: 1 ♂, Dibba, Sweihan, N 24 ˚ 28 ', E 55 ˚ 22 ', 160 m altitude, collected by NARC (National Avian Research Centre), 14 September 1993 (ICEAD, MM 1); 1 ♂, 2 immatures, Persian Gulf shore, Suwayhan (= Sweihan), April 1970, C. Williams leg. (MNHN, MM 158). OMAN: 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (MM 30), Mudhaybi, N 22 ˚ 12 ', E 58 ˚ 06 ', 530 m altitude, camp. p., Oman Eastern Sand Project, 12 March 1986, W. Büttiker leg. (NMB); 1 ♀, Al-Araqi, September 2000, S. Huber leg. (SMF); 1 ♂, 2 immatures, Wadi Matam, Wahiba, N 21 ˚ 53 ', E 58 ˚ 17 ', 170 m altitude, 31 January 1986, Oman Eastern Sand Project (NMB); Ad Dakhiliyah: 1 ♀, outside of Fallah cave, September 2000, S. Huber leg. (SMF); Mintaqat Masqat: 1 ♀, near Rusayl, N 25 ˚ 33 ', E 58 ˚ 15 ', March 1984, W. Cookson leg. (NMB); Mintaqat al Sharghiah: 1 ♂, Msirah, February 1979, K. M. Guichard leg. (NHM); 1 ♂, Central Oman, N 22 ˚ 25 ', E 56 ˚ 45 ' [south of Jebel Karwr Mountain, Al-Dakhiliah], sand desert, A. J. Wart leg. (NHM 26.7.63); Mintaqat Zufar: 2 immatures, near Thamarit, Dhofar, N 17 ˚ 42 ', E 54 ˚ 02 ', 450 m, under tyre on soft sand, 24 March 1980, J. N. Barnes leg. (NHM). YEMEN: Muhafazat Shabwah: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature, Sayhut, between Al-Mukalla and border of Oman, 5 – 8 March 1995, B. Schätti leg. (MHNG); Tihama Region: 1 ♀, Tihama, Northern Yemen, 1985, F. Schüffe leg. (SMF). SOMALIA: Somaliland: 1 ♂, near Berbera, N 10 ˚ 14 ' 25 '', E 45 ˚ 04 ' 55.4 '', 407 m, 9 July 2011, T. Mazuch & F. Kovarik leg. (SMF, SD 840). DJIBOUTI: Region d’ Obock: 1 ♀, Obock, 22 February 1893, M. Maindron leg. (MNHN).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98266131B25A587D5FEC7FB75.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Large-sized and robust hairy species (total length: male 24 mm, female 28 mm, leg span up to 13.5 cm) with diagnostic uniform large black marking covering ventral opisthosoma posteriorly and partially around epigastric furrow (Fig. 57 b) in both sexes; males with short and slender embolus tip pointing distad in ventral view, embolus membrane composed of folded hyaline layers (Figs 42 a – c); vulva composed of several bulbous parts at turning loop, glandular pores present on a small process (Figs 43 b – d).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98266131B25A587D5FEC7FB75.taxon	description	Description. Male (ranges: n = 9, single measurement: MM 1): Measurements. Medium to large sized; total length 16.8 – 23.8, prosoma length 8.5 – 12.3, prosoma width 7.4 – 10.4, anterior width of prosoma 4.2 – 6.2, opisthosoma length 8.3 – 11.5, opisthosoma width 5.5 – 8.5. Eye diameters: AME 0.70, ALE 0.75, PME 0.57, PLE 0.80; eye inter-distances: AME-AME 0.23, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.54, PME-PLE 0.55, AME-PME 0.60, ALE-PLE 0.38, clypeus height at AME 0.45, clypeus height at ALE 0.58. PLE largest, posterior eye row recurved (Fig. 42 d). Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 to 5 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow usually with 1 or 2 intermarginal denticles close to anterior teeth; basal segment of chelicerae at distal end retro-marginally with 1 bristle (Fig. 42 e). Legs. Leg formula: II I IV III. Measurements of palp and legs (largest male): Palp 16.3 [5.5, 2.3, 2.8, 5.7], I 54.2 [14.6, 6.8, 14.5, 14.3, 4.0], II 57.2 [16.5, 7.5, 16.1, 15.5, 3.6], III 52.7 [15.7, 6.1, 14.3, 13.1, 3.5], IV 53.2 [15.9, 6.0, 14.5, 13.3, 3.5]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321; Patella I – IV 000 (1) / 101; Tibia I – IV 2224; Metatarsus I – III 2 (1) 024, IV 3034 / 30 (1) 36. Palp. As in diagnosis with cymbium longer than tibia; tegulum shorter than embolus; dRTA long and slender with slight median bent, vRTA weakly developed (Figs 42 a, b); tip of embolus hyaline and worm-like, embolic membrane consisting of folded layers distally; conductor elongated (Fig. 42 c). Female (ranges: n = 7, single measurement: MM 30): Measurements. Medium to large sized; total length 21.5 – 28.0, prosoma length 9.5 – 12.5, prosoma width 8.6 – 11.1, anterior width of prosoma 5.7 – 7.5, opisthosoma length 12.0 – 15.5, opisthosoma width 7.8 – 11.0. Eye diameters: AME 0.81, ALE 0.84, PME 0.70, PLE 0.88; eye interdistances: AME-AME 0.33, AME-ALE 0.20, PME-PME 0.85, PME-PLE 0.95, AME-PME 0.90, ALE-PLE 0.75, clypeus height at AME 0.65, clypeus height at ALE 0.70. Chelicerae. Chelicerae with 2 anterior and 3 or 4 posterior teeth, Cheliceral furrow with 1 or 2 intermarginal denticles close to anterior teeth or without denticles. Basal segment of chelicerae at distal end retro-marginally with a single bristle. Legs. Leg formula: II I IV III. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 16.3 [5.0, 2.5, 3.1, 5.7], I 46.4 [13.5, 6.5, 11.4, 11.8, 3.2], II 51.9 [14.9, 6.6, 14.0, 13.2, 3.2], III 44.4 [13.7, 6.0, 11.1, 10.8, 2.8], IV 45.6 [14.3, 5.8, 10.9, 11.4, 3.2]. Spination. Palp 131, 001, 1111, 1013; Legs: Femur I – III 323, IV 321; Patella I – IV 101; Tibia I – IV 22 (1) 24; Metatarsus I – III 2 (1) 024, IV 3034 / 3036. Epigyne / vulva. As in diagnosis with epigyne composed of two large triangular lateral lobes, epigynal field slightly longer than wide, anterior margin of lateral lobes fused together and encircling MS entirely, epigynal field bridge (EFB) present and not separated from anterior margin of lateral lobes (Figs 43 a, b). Colouration. A freshly collected single male was obtained from Somalia whose prosoma and dorsal opisthosoma is creamy-white with shiny white hairs dorsally on legs (Fig. 57 a); preserved specimens are reddishbrown spiders with darker scopula hairs on metatarsus and tarsus; prosoma margins, anterior part of prosoma around eyes, chelicerae and dorsal side of femora covered with dense white hairs (Figs 57 a, c), in contrast, sternum, coxae of legs and basal segment of chelicerae covered with dense black hairs, ventral opisthosoma with large black marking posterior to and around epigastric furrow (Fig. 57 b). Systematic position. The somatic features and the copulatory organs of Cercetius perezi correspond well with the Eusparassus delimitation as given by Moradmand and Jäger (2012 a) and in this paper. The presence of intermarginal denticles of chelicerae, eyes arrangement, leg formula, spination pattern and the presence of dark marking at ventral opisthosoma are all somatic characters which are present in the immature holotype and the newly discovered adult specimens from the type locality. However, C. perezi cannot be affiliated with any of the known species groups. This species embodies some synapomorphies of the dufouri group (e. g. dark marking of ventral opisthosoma, epigyne with AMLL encircling MS entirely) and also some of the jaegeri and walckenaeri groups (presence of intermarginal denticles in some specimens). Cercetius perezi is likely to belong to an intermediate lineage among the noted Eusparassus species groups. The geographical distribution between the three groups mentioned above supports this hypothesis. Currently known distribution and habitats. Eastern and southern Arabian Peninsula in the United Arab Emirates (type locality), Oman (new country record) and Yemen (new country record), horn of Africa in Somalia and Djibouti (new country record) (Fig. 72 b). Specimens were collected in wadis, sandy substrates, gravel plains and from under stones in deserts. Misplaced species	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9826B131B25A58015FE98F9E6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species cannot be categorized in any known Sparassidae genus, and it certainly does not belong to the genus Eusparassus. More likely it is a member of an undescribed genus which would be grouped within the subfamily Sparassinae, when more material (especially the conspecific female) from the type locality is recovered. The holotype was most likely collected between Mombasa and Lake Victoria in Kenya, formerly known as “ British East Africa ”.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9826B131A25A583CDFCE3FF48.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The subadult male holotype was collected from Madagascar. The combination of somatic characters clearly distinguishes it from Eusparassus: three anterior teeth in chelicerae (two in Eusparassus), a patch of several intermarginal denticles close to anterior teeth (scattered or in a line in Eusparassus, if present) and the number of ventral tibial spines: I – II 8, III – IV 6 (I – IV 4 in Eusparassus); the species is tentatively classified in “ Rhitymna ” saccata group and is actually an undescribed genus endemic to Madagascar (Peter Jäger, unpublished data). There is no other record of the genus Eusparassus from Madagascar.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9826A131A25A58787FB87FBFF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to the original description, this species could not be placed in the genus Eusparassus, as its legs have three pairs of ventral tibial spines (two pairs in Eusparassus). Strand (1907 a) expressed doubts on placing his new species in Eusparassus by using a question mark. Remarks on Ethiopian types of Strand. The type specimens of the following four species were unfortunately destroyed during World War II (Renner 1988). The excursion of the author to Ethiopia (June 2011) as well as investigations in major spider collections in Europe resulted in the recognition of two known valid species of Eusparassus distributed in the country, namely E. laevatus comb. nov. (East and North-East), and E. vestigator comb. nov. (South). These two species were described before those of Strand. Therefore, Strand’s species are most likely junior synonyms of E. laevatus comb. nov. and / or E. vestigator comb. nov..	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9826A131A25A58424FB9CFDAC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The sketchy illustration of the epigyne by Strand (1908 c) reveals that this species does not belong to the genus Eusparassus, as it lacks the diagnostic triangular lateral lobes and the median septum is visible throughout median line posteriorly. However, it cannot be affiliated with any sparassid genus.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E9826A131925A5824DFBB8FE80.taxon	discussion	Remarks on West-African types of Strand. The descriptions of the following two species by Strand (1906 b) are based on a highly variable character, namely the number of cheliceral retro-marginal teeth. Eusparassus spp. show intra and interspecific variation in this character [three to six teeth (three larger and one to three smaller ones)]. Unfortunately, both type specimens were destroyed in Stuttgart (Renner 1988).	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98269131825A58625FAFFFCC0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The largest Sparassidae genus in terms of species number, Olios, needs a comprehensive revision to uncover its hidden diversity and several misplacements. “ Quesitio ” is the Latin translation for the term “ investigation ”, referring to the need for taxonomic revision of Olios spp. Noun in apposition.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
03B787E98269131825A58625FAFFFCC0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The subadult male holotype was collected by Prof Edoardo Zavattari from Borana region in Southern Ethiopia. The combination of somatic characters revealed that the specimen belongs to the genus Olios based on eye arrangement, equal length and width of prosoma, absence of intermarginal denticles, presence of two to five thick bristles at retromarginal side of chelicerae basal segment and spotted legs. The new combination is a secondary homonym of Olios concolor Keyserling, 1884 (currently considered a junior synonym of O. giganteus Keyserling, 1884), therefore a replacement name is proposed here. Systematics and zoogeography With completion of this revision, 30 species of the stone huntsman spiders, genus Eusparassus are known (including C. perezi), of which 27 species are classified into six species groups and the rest three species are listed as incertae sedis. All species groups show a continuous range of distribution, fully to partially separated from nearby groups. The intermarginal denticles of chelicerae are present in just two species groups namely walckenaeri and jaegeri (present also in some specimens of C. perezi, but in different pattern). Thus, it could be assumed that these two groups are phylogenitically closely related. Consequently, the recently discovered Eusparassus fossil (amber), E. crassipes, is probably allied to one of these groups, since its chelicerae have distinct intermarginal denticles (Dunlop et al. 2011: figs 2 e – f). The jaegeri group is endemic to Southern Africa (Fig. 71 b) which is far from the locality of E. crassipes in Northern Europe. Thus, E. crassipes is probably closely related to the walckenaeri group whose distribution range extends into the Eastern Mediterranean region (Fig. 70 a). The remaining four species groups lack any intermarginal denticles on their chelicerae. Nevertheless, the presence of intermarginal denticles could be also the result of homoplasy and gain and loss of the character might have been taken place several times during the evolution of the members. The dufouri and vestigator groups are related in terms of the presence of the dark marking ventrally on the opisthosoma and the spination of the legs femora (I – IV 424, exception E. pearsoni 323). The disjunctive distribution of the isolated member of vestigator group, E. pearsoni in India, far from its closest relatives in Eastern Africa (Fig. 71 a) can be explained by the following hypothesis: the occurrence of this species in Indian plate is a secondary distribution of its ancestral stock from Eastern Africa. The Indian subcontinent was not totally isolated from Africa after its separation from Gondwanaland. India was reattached to northeast Africa via Greater Somalia around 65 – 60 MYA (million years ago), on its northward drift toward Eurasia (Briggs 2003). The hypothesized ancestor of E. pearsoni may have dispersed from Eastern Africa to Western India at that time. A similar scenariao was proposed for the distribution of the genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 (Zodariidae) by Dankittipakul et al. (2012). The doriae group - distributed in the Middle East to parts of Central and South Asia - might have evolved from the walckenaeri group by losing their intermarginal denticles. The tuckeri group represents an endemic lineage in Southwest Africa (Fig. 71 b). Since most parts of the distribution range of Eusparassus species are not explored yet, more species are to be expected, especially in the transition zones between different species groups. The stone huntsman spiders inhabit semidry and dry deserts. Tectonic drifts have caused major changes in the position of the continents and consequently those of deserts. Many of the current deserts are geologically young, but in contrast, the world’s oldest desert is believed to be the Namib Desert, originating from some 55 MYA (Ward 2009). Since the close relatives of Eusparassus and Eusparassinae (e. g. Pseudomicrommata, Arandisa, Leucorchestris and Carparachne) are living in the Namib Desert and nearby regions, this area is a potential centre of origin of Eusparassus spp. This hypothesis of a Southern African origin of Eusparassus is supported by the absence of representatives in the Americas, Madagascar and Australia (previous records from these regions proved to be misidentifications). Thus, Eusparassus does not have a Gondwanan distribution and probably evolved after the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwanaland, which was completed in Early Cretaceous at around 110 – 100 MYA (Briggs 1995). Diversification of the genus and area expansion probably occurred during the Tertiary.	en	Moradmand, Majid (2013): The stone huntsman spider genus Eusparassus (Araneae: Sparassidae): systematics and zoogeography with revision of the African and Arabian species. Zootaxa 3675 (1): 1-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3675.1.1
