taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AC87E9455AFFA6FF28FB71FD9B0223.taxon	description	Description: — Valve length 20 – 30 μm, valve breadth 7 – 10 μm. Length to breadth ratio: 2.8. Valves distinctly dorsiventral and heteropolar, semirhomboid-lanceolate (Figs 32 – 59). Dorsal margin distinctly arched, ventral margin with gibbous center portion, though otherwise slightly convex (Fig. 55). Valve apices with rostrate and nearly symmetrical poles (Figs 32 – 53). Internally, valve apices bear small to indistinguishable pseudosepta (Fig. 59). APF of round poroids present at footpole (Fig. 56), surrounded internally by knobby jointed ridge of silica (white arrow in Fig. 59). Axial area narrow, dorsal margin slightly curved (Figs 32 – 53, 55). Central area round, slightly asymmetric, wider on dorsal side (Figs 32 – 53, 54). Single stigmoid present on dorsal side of central nodule, externally circular to transapically elongated (Figs 54, 55), internally elongated slit (Figs 57, 58). Raphe curved and slightly sinusoidal (Figs 54, 55). External proximal raphe ends expanded into small pores dorsally deflected (Figs 54, 55), internally covered by nodular or flap-like silica development (Figs 57, 58). External distal raphe terminal fissures ventrally deflected (Figs 55, 56), internally slightly elevated into small lobed helictoglossa at some distance from valve apices (Figs 57, 59). Striae radiate throughout, uninterruptedly continuing onto valve mantle (Fig. 55), 14 – 16 in 10 μm at middle; 18 in 10 μm at valve apices. Striae composed of 30 – 35 lineate to slit-like areolae in 10 μm, internally ellipsoid without velum (Fig. 57).	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E9455AFFA6FF28FB71FD9B0223.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — REPUBLIC OF MALAWI. Lake Malawi central basin, Core MAL 05 - 1 C, Drive 26 E 2; mud, sampled at 17 – 18 cm; composite 83 m depth (corresponding to ~ 135.5 ka), 11 ° 17 ’ 39.6 ” S 34 ° 26 ’ 09.0 ” E, J. R. Stone, 22 nd May 2006 (holotype designated here, circled specimen ANS-GC 17194! = Fig. 39, isotypes circled specimens ANSGC 17195!, BM- 101978! Cleaned type materials: ANS-GCM 33026. Registration: https: // zoobank. org / NomenclaturalActs / 13 f 4 f 4 e 3 - 74 e 6 - 41 ba-bd 38 - a 84665 cfacd 3	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E9455AFFA6FF28FB71FD9B0223.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species name ‘ nyassae ’ refers to the type locality, Lake Malawi (aka Lake Nyassa).	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E9455AFFA6FF28FB71FD9B0223.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — To date, Afrocymbella nyassae sp. nov. has only been observed from sediment assemblages of Lake Malawi ranging from ~ 140 ka to 90 ka in the MAL 05 - 1 C drillcore (1 C, Fig. 1). It is likely an extinct species, seemingly without extant populations.	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E9455AFFA6FF28FF5BFB580E89.taxon	description	Description: — Valve length 34 – 49 μm, valve breadth 7.5 – 9.5 μm. Length to breadth ratio: 5.8. Valves distinctly dorsiventral, slightly heteropolar, semirhomboid-lanceolate (Figs 2 – 31). Dorsal margin distinctly arched; ventral margin with wide gibbous center portion, typically 1 / 3 length of valve, otherwise weakly convex (Figs 24, 26). Valve apices acutely rounded and slightly protracted, with headpole and footpole nearly symmetrical, often only differentiated by APF and slightly greater breadth in footpole (Figs 25, 26). Internally, each column of the APF poroids partially surrounded by knobby jointed ridge of silica (Fig. 29). From inside, valve apices with small to indistinguishable pseudosepta (Figs 29, 31). Axial area narrow, curved, ventrally displaced (Fig. 24). Central area small, asymmetric and diamond-shaped, notably wider on dorsal side (Figs 2 – 24). Distinct single stigmoid present on dorsal side of central nodule; externally slightly elongated (Fig. 27), internally forming antler-like intermissio (Fig. 30). Raphe slightly sinusoidal (Figs 24, 25). External proximal raphe ends slightly expanded into small pores, deflected towards the dorsal (primary) margin (Fig. 27). External distal raphe terminal fissures ventrally deflected (Figs 25, 26). Internal proximal raphe ends covered by nodular or flap-like development from primary side of valve (Figs 28, 30). Internal distal raphe terminal fissures bisect the APF and terminate into small lobed helictoglossa at some distance from valve apices (white arrow in Fig. 29). Striae almost parallel in the middle, strongly radiate towards the apices, and continue uninterrupted onto valve mantle. Stria density in middle portion 15 – 17 in 10 μm dorsally, often slightly coarser ventrally (15 – 16 in 10 μm) and increasing slightly (17 – 18 in 10 μm) towards valve apices. Areolae elongate slits, becoming smaller and nearly circular at edge of valve mantle, 26 – 30 in 10 μm. Internally, areolae ellipsoid without velum (Figs 28, 30, 31).	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E9455AFFA6FF28FF5BFB580E89.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA. Lake Tanganyika central basin, core NPO 4 - KH 1 - 1 K, Drive 4; mud, sampled at 43 – 44 cm (estimated to be ~ 50 ka), 6 ° 35 ’ 27.0 ” S 30 ° 06 ’ 00.0 ” E, J. R. Stone, 30 th March 2019 (holotype designated here, circled specimen ANS-GC 17192! = Fig. 9, isotypes circled specimens ANS-GC 17193!, BM- 101977!). Cleaned type materials: ANS-GCM 33025. Registration: https: // zoobank. org / NomenclaturalActs / 2 d 7 a 7068 - a 78 b- 425 f-a 9 e 6 - 5 d 41 e 121 a 43 b	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E9455AFFA6FF28FF5BFB580E89.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet ‘ symmetrica ’ refers to the symmetrical outline that characterizes this species.	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E9455AFFA6FF28FF5BFB580E89.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Afrocymbella symmetrica sp. nov. was first observed in sediment assemblages from Lake Tanganyika, dating back to about 60 – 50 ka from the core NPO 4 - KH 1 - 1 K (4 K, Fig. 1) and was not observed in the more recent sediments from this core. Initially, we thought it may have been putatively extinct, but have subsequently observed living specimen from modern samples in Tanzania collected in shallow water near Kigoma.	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94556FFA9FF28FA24FBB00DF6.taxon	description	Description: — Valve length 27 – 45 μm, valve breadth 10.5 – 13.5 μm. Length to breadth ratio: 3.8. Valves distinctly dorsiventral, and strongly heteropolar, semirhomboid-lanceolate (Figs 60 – 86). Dorsal margin distinctly arched, ventral margin tumescent (Figs 60 – 80). Valve apices apiculate-rostrate, with rostrate headpole and protracted footpole, particularly in smaller specimens (Figs 60 – 80). Internally, valve apices with small to indistinguishable pseudosepta (Figs 84, 86). APF of round poroids present at footpole (Fig. 83), covered internally by knobby jointed ridge of silica (Fig. 86). Axial area narrow, curved, slightly displaced ventrally (Figs 60 – 80). Central area small, oval-shaped, notably wider on dorsal side and often minimal on ventral side (Fig. 82). Single (rarely 2) distinct stigmoid present on dorsal side of central nodule (Figs 82, 84), appearing slightly elongated in LM (Fig. 61). From inside, stigmoid opening with elongated slit (Fig. 85). Raphe curved and slightly sinusoidal (Fig. 81). External proximal raphe ends expanded into small pores (Fig. 82). External distal raphe terminal fissures ventrally deflected (Figs 81, 83). Internal proximal raphe ends covered by nodular or flap-like silica development formed by primary side of valve (Figs 84, 85). Internal distal raphe terminal fissures slightly elevated into small lobed helictoglossa at some distance from valve apices (Fig. 86). Striae radiate throughout, but can be slightly radiate-curved in central area, 16 – 20 in 10 μm. Striae continue uninterrupted onto valve mantle (Fig. 81), composed of 26 – 32 areolae in 10 μm. External areolae slit-like poroids (Figs 81, 83). Internal areolae ellipsoid without velum (Fig. 84).	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94556FFA9FF28FA24FBB00DF6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA. Lake Tanganyika, Isanga Bay, at 767 m elevation, rock scrape, 8 ° 39 ’ 15.9 ” S 31 ° 11 ’ 31.6 ” E, E. Jovanovska & P. Hamilton, 7 th September 2018, (holotype designated here, circled specimen ANSGC 17196! = Fig. 74, isotypes circled specimens ANS-GC 17197!, BM- 101979!). Cleaned type materials: ANS-GCM 33027. Registration: https: // zoobank. org / NomenclaturalActs / 6 d 108 e 31 - d 99 a- 4 a 74 - b 574 - 02 f 8 fbc 27 ed 9	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94556FFA9FF28FA24FBB00DF6.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet ‘ delphinea ’ relates to the delphine (dolphin-like) outline that characterizes this species.	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94556FFA9FF28FA24FBB00DF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — To date, Afrocymbella delphinea sp. nov. has been observed most commonly as an epilithic species attached on rocks in the littoral zones in the southern sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika. We observed this species at sites from Mpulungu (Mp), Chituta (Ch / Cb), Isanga (Is), and near the Kalambo Falls. We also found this species occurring in samples from Chembe (Cm) in the southern sub-basin of Lake Malawi (Fig. 1).	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94550FFACFF28FF58FD120E80.taxon	description	Description: — Valve length 35.0 – 51.5 μm, valve breadth 9.5 – 12.5 μm. Valves distinctly dorsiventral and heteropolar, semirhomboid-lanceolate (Figs 87 – 115). Dorsal margin broadly arched, slightly protracted near apices (Figs 87 – 108). Ventral margin weakly convex, barely tumescent in central area, tapering gently toward apices (Figs 87 – 108). Footpole narrowing, rounded with APF, headpole distinctly rostrate (Fig. 109). APF externally with round poroids (Fig. 111), internally covered by knobby jointed ridge of silica (Fig. 114). Internally, both poles bear small to indistinguishable pseudosepta (Figs 112, 114, 115). Axial area narrow, curved, slightly ventrally displaced (Figs 87 – 108). Central area small, broadly elliptical, slightly more arched on dorsal side (Figs 109, 110). A round stigmoid is present on dorsal side of central nodule (Fig. 110), opening internally through elongated slit (Fig. 113). Raphe curved and slightly sinusoidal (Fig. 109). External proximal raphe ends expanded into small pores (Fig. 110). External distal raphe terminal fissures deflected towards the ventral margin (Figs 109, 111). Internal proximal raphe ends covered by nodular or flap-like silica development formed by the primary side of the valve (Fig. 113). Internal distal raphe terminal fissures slightly elevated into small lobed helictoglossa at some distance from valve apices (Figs 112, 114, 115). Striae parallel in the middle, becoming radiate towards the valve apices (Figs 109, 111), 11 – 12 in 10 μm (central area) and approaching 14 in 10 μm (apices). Central-most striae often more widely and unevenly spaced. Striae continue uninterrupted onto valve mantle (Fig. 109). External areolae slit-like poroids (Figs 109, 110), appearing blocky in LM, 26 – 30 in 10 μm. Internal areolae ellipsoid without velum (Figs 112, 113).	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94550FFACFF28FF58FD120E80.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA. Upstream from the Kalambo River Falls, at 1220 m elevation, rock scrape, 8 ° 35 ’ 47.0 ” S 31 ° 14 ’ 22.3 ” E, A. Indermaur & F. Ronco, 8 th September 2018 (holotype designated here, circled specimen ANS-GC 17198! = Fig. 93, isotypes circled specimens ANS-GC 17199!, BM- 101980!. Cleaned type materials: ANSGCM 33028. Registration: https: // zoobank. org / NomenclaturalActs / 468 dba 87 - d 6 ff- 4 bfb- 95 f 7 - 2 f 5 c 20 b 83 e 4 f	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94550FFACFF28FF58FD120E80.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species name ‘ cocquytiana ’ honors Dr. Christine Cocquyt, who has contributed greatly to the diatom taxonomy of the African Rift lakes.	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94550FFACFF28FF58FD120E80.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — This species was only observed in abundance from the Kalambo River (Ka), which marks the boundary between Tanzania and Zambia (Fig. 1). We also observed a small population of this species in Isanga Bay (Is) in the southern sub-basin of Lake Tanganyika.	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94550FFADFF28FB74FE6D0B21.taxon	description	Description: — Valve length 52.5 – 93.0 μm, valve breadth 16.5 – 22.5 μm. Length to breadth ratio: 2.8 – 4.2. Valves distinctly dorsiventral and heteropolar, semirhomboid-lanceolate (Figs 116 – 143). Dorsal margin widely arched (Figs 116 – 135). Ventral margin ranging from slightly to strongly tumescent, typically broad and spanning ½ – 2 / 3 length of valve, otherwise weakly convex (Figs 116 – 135). APF of round poroids present at footpole (Figs 136, 138), covered internally by knobby jointed ridge of silica (Fig. 143). Valve apices narrowly rounded, with headpole becoming slightly rostrate in smaller specimens (Figs 116 – 135); internally with small to indistinguishable pseudosepta (Figs 142, 143). Axial area narrow, curved, slightly ventrally displaced (Fig. 136). Central area large, oval shaped, notably wider and more diamond-shaped on dorsal side (Fig. 139). Prominent single (rarely 2) stigmoid present on dorsal side of central nodule (Fig. 136), externally round to transapically elongated (Fig. 139), while internally elongated slit (Fig. 141). Raphe curved and slightly sinusoidal (Fig. 136). External proximal raphe ends slightly expanded into small pores, dorsally deflected (Fig. 139). External distal raphe terminal fissures ventrally deflected (Figs 136 – 138). Internal proximal raphe ends covered by nodular or flap-like silica development formed by primary side of valve (Figs 140, 141). Internal distal raphe terminal fissures slightly elevated into small lobed helictoglossa at some distance from valve apices (Figs 140, 142, 143). Striae radiate or radiate-curved, uninterruptedly continuing onto valve mantle (Fig. 136), 13 – 15 in 10 μm (counted dorsally at central area). External areolae slit-like poroids, appearing blocky in LM, 16 – 18 in 10 μm. Internal areolae ellipsoid without velum (Figs 140, 142).	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94550FFADFF28FB74FE6D0B21.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — REPUBLIC OF MALAWI. Lake Malawi, Chembe Bay, at 469 m elevation, rock scrape, 14 ° 00 ’ 43.4 ” S 34 ° 51 ’ 00.1 ” E, E. Jovanovska, 22 nd September 2018 (holotype designated here, circled specimen ANS-GC 17200! = Fig. 120, isotypes circled specimens ANS-GC 17201!, BM- 101981! Cleaned type materials: ANS-GCM 33029. Registration: https: // zoobank. org / NomenclaturalActs / 429 ab 0 b 2 - a 77 b- 4 be 4 - 8101 - 0 c 5 b 99 bb 6 b 27	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94550FFADFF28FB74FE6D0B21.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species name ‘ gibba ’ refers to the wide, tumescent shape of the ventral margin that distinguishes it from other similar large Afrocymbella species.	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
03AC87E94550FFADFF28FB74FE6D0B21.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Afrocymbella gibba sp. nov. has been observed in both Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika. It was common in samples from Chembe (Cm) and Mangochi (Ma) in the southern sub-basin of Lake Malawi (Fig. 1). We also observed many specimens with similar characteristics to this taxon from the sediments of the core MAL 05 - 1 C, although rare in occurrence.	en	Stone, Jeffery R., Wilson, Mallory C., Jovanovska, Elena (2022): The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species. Phytotaxa 556 (1): 21-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.1.3
