identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
720187E4FFA8FFD041A7F1E8FCFAF91B.text	720187E4FFA8FFD041A7F1E8FCFAF91B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acropimpla alboricta (Cresson 1870)	<div><p>Acropimpla alboricta (Cresson, 1870)</p> <p>Material examined. USA. Illinois: 1 ♀ (INHS) Sangamon Co., Springfield, 18.x.1935, coll.A. R. Park. 1 ♀ (INHS) Mason Co., Snd Ridge St. For., 4 mi. NW of Forest City, 1.vi.1976, coll. C. T. Maier.</p> <p>Distribution. Canada, USA (widespread, including Alaska).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA8FFD041A7F1E8FCFAF91B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA8FFD041A7F72BFED5FC06.text	720187E4FFA8FFD041A7F72BFED5FC06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acropimpla Townes 1960	<div><p>Genus Acropimpla Townes, 1960</p> <p>Acropimpla Townes in Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 159.</p> <p>Type species: Charitopimpla leucostoma Cameron, 1907, by original designation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA8FFD041A7F72BFED5FC06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA8FFD041A7F617FE93FD51.text	720187E4FFA8FFD041A7F617FE93FD51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephialtes Gravenhorst 1829	<div><p>Ephialtes genus-group</p> <p>Nine genera of the Ephialtes genus-group with 37 species are found to occur in Mexico. Seven species are described as new to science, two genera (Acropimpla and Endromopoda) and four species are recorded from Mexico for the first time.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA8FFD041A7F617FE93FD51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA8FFD741A7F2ECFBAFFAE4.text	720187E4FFA8FFD741A7F2ECFBAFFAE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acropimpla tequila Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino 2022	<div><p>1. Acropimpla tequila Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1–3, 37)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, [State of] Jalisco, 10 km S of Tequila, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.79" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.85/lat 20.79)">Volcán de Tequila</a>, 20°47.4’N, 103°51.0’W, 2750–2850 m, 7.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim.</p> <p>Paratype. MEXICO. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 10 km ESE of San Cristóbal de las <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.55051&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.668022" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.55051/lat 16.668022)">Casas</a>, 16.668022, -92.550506, 2400 m, pine forest, 6–7.viii.2021, coll. A.I. Khalaim.</p> <p>Description. Female (Fig. 37). Body length about 9.0 mm. Fore wing length 7.5 mm.</p> <p>Upper tooth of mandible longer than the lower tooth. Clypeus with lower margin bilobate. Malar space 0.35× as long as basal mandibular width. Face transverse, 1.3× as broad as long, weakly convex, with fine but sharp punctures, smooth and shining between punctures. Head in dorsal view with genae 0.65× as long as eye width. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.15× its own maximum diameter.</p> <p>Mesoscutum smooth, with fine setiferous punctures. Submetapleural carina entirely absent. Propodeum polished, laterally with fine punctures, with only a pair of lateral longitudinal carinae developed posteriorly. Pleural carina absent, its position indicated by groove behind spiracle (metapleuron and propodeum not separated in front of propodeal spiracle).</p> <p>Fore wing with vein 1cu-a opposite M&amp;RS (Fig. 1). Areolet strongly oblique, triangular, receiving vein 2mcu at its outer corner (Fig. 2). Hind wing with nervellus intercepted somewhat below middle, distal section of CU distinct.</p> <p>First tergite of metasoma 1.1× as long as posteriorly broad, with lateromedian carinae strong in anterior 0.4 of tergite, converging towards centre of tergite. Second tergite slightly transverse, 0.85× as long as maximally broad, with oblique grooves cutting its basolateral corners, centrally coarsely and sparsely punctate, with posterior 0.2 impunctate. Tergites 3–5 strongly transverse, with conspicuous lateromedian convexities. Tergite 5 with weakly and tergite 6 with strongly reduced hind impunctate margin. Ovipositor straight, compressed laterally, projecting beyond hind margin of subgenital plate by 2.1× length of hind tibia; apex of ovipositor with weak dorsal angle, dorsal valve beyond nodus slightly concave, and two proximal teeth of lower valve subtending angle of about 35º (Fig. 3).</p> <p>Body black. Lower part of clypeus brownish black. Palpi brownish yellow. Hind corner of pronotum and tegula whitish. Pterostigma brown. Fore and mid legs reddish brown except whitish fore trochanter and trochantellus and infuscate apex of tarsomere 5 of mid leg. Hind coxa, trochanter, trochantellus and femur entirely reddish brown; tibia whitish with narrow fuscous subbasal and apical bands and broad fuscous stripe on ventral side; tarsomeres 1–3 whitish with fuscous apex, tarsomeres 4 and 5 more or less entirely fuscous.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after the type locality [Volcán de] Tequila, and a traditional Mexican tipple.</p> <p>Comparison. The new species resembles the Nearctic species A. alboricta by having a similar apex of the ovipositor with a weak dorsal angle (Fig. 3; fig. 331 a in Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 627). Acropimpla tequila sp. nov. differs from two other Nearctic species, A. alboricta and A. pronexus Townes, by its entirely orange-brown hind femur without fuscous preapical mark, completely lacking submetapleural carina (more or less complete in A. alboricta) and propodeum dorsally without any vestiges of lateromedian longitudinal carinae (distinct dorsally in A. alboricta). The new species also differs from the occurring in Mexico Iseropus hylesiae by the pronotum with only extreme upper hind corner white (in I. hylesiae pronotum with long white band on its upper margin), fore wing with areolet receiving vein 2m-cu at its outer corner (slightly behind centre of areolet in I. hylesiae), and hind wing with nervellus intercepted below middle (above middle in I. hylesiae).</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Jalisco, Chiapas). First record of genus from Mexico.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA8FFD741A7F2ECFBAFFAE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFAFFFD641A7F1FFFA0AFDF3.text	720187E4FFAFFFD641A7F1FFFA0AFDF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastelgis Townes 1960	<div><p>Genus Anastelgis Townes, 1960</p> <p>Anastelgis Townes in Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 109.</p> <p>Type species: Anastelgis terminalis Townes, 1960, by original designation.</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 12 [catalogue; 1 species in Neotropical region]. Townes 1969: 80 [description; distribution]. Carlson 1979: 328 [catalogue; 1 species in America north of Mexico]. Gauld 1991: 197 [description; review of 3 species (all described as new) from Costa Rica; key]. Gauld et al. 1998: 22 [5 species (2 described as new) in Costa Rica]. Gauld et al. 2002: 34 [1 new species from El Salvador]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; 1 species in Mexico].</p> <p>Anastelgis is a small New World genus comprising eight species: one species, A. terminalis Townes, occurs in the western USA, six species occur in Central America and one species in known from South America. Gauld (1991) mentioned about seven undescribed species from Central and South Americas. Three species of Anastelgis, including one undescribed species, are found to occur in Mexico.</p> <p>The biology of the genus is unknown.</p> <p>Key to species of Anastelgis occurring in Mexico</p> <p>1. All coxae white. El Salvador (not recorded from Mexico)................................ A. imposibilita Gauld et al.</p> <p>- At least hind coxa reddish brown........................................................................ 2</p> <p>2. Mesosoma orange-brown with black markings on pronotum, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum; tegula white. Submetapleural carina centrally weak, in lateral view appears to be discontinuous. Mandible with upper tooth pointed, more or less equal to the lower tooth. Female with tergite 3 subquadrate, 1.0–1.1× as long as maximally broad... 3. A. marini Gauld</p> <p>- Mesosoma entirely orange-brown (Fig. 5); tegula various. Submetapleural carina complete, quite distinct. Upper tooth of mandible blunt, much broader than the lower tooth. Female with tergite 3 distinctly elongate, 1.2–1.5× as long as maximally broad (Fig. 6)........................................................................................ 3</p> <p>3. Tergite 2 of metasoma centrally virtually impunctate, at most with very few scattered isolated punctures (Fig. 6). Tegula orangebrown. Metasoma blackish with blueish purple reflection (Figs 4, 6). Female with fore and mid coxae orange-brown (Fig. 5).................................................................................... 2. A. garciai Gauld</p> <p>- Tergite 2 of metasoma centrally distinctly and densely punctate. Tegula white anteriorly and black posteriorly. Metasoma orange-brown, tergites 2–5 with posterolateral black markings. Female with fore and mid coxae white................................................................................................. 1. A. chiapasana sp. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFAFFFD641A7F1FFFA0AFDF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFAEFFD541A7F6F7FAB4FE15.text	720187E4FFAEFFD541A7F6F7FAB4FE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastelgis chiapasana Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino 2022	<div><p>1. Anastelgis chiapasana Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype female (EMEC), Mexico, Chiapas, Lagunas de Montebello, Sumidero de Río Comitán, 1372 m, 31.viii.1974, coll. D.E. &amp; J.A. Breedlove.</p> <p>Description. Female. Fore wing length about 8.0 mm.</p> <p>Upper tooth of mandible blunt, slightly longer and much broader than the lower tooth. Malar space very short, about 0.15× as long as basal mandibular width. Face somewhat transverse, 1.2× as broad as long, slightly convex, polished, with scattered punctures. Genae short, strongly rounded behind eyes in dorsal view. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by one its own maximum diameter. Occipital carina fine, complete, joining hypostomal carina far above base of mandible.</p> <p>Epomia strong, as subvertical slightly curved ridge. Mesoscutum smooth and shining, with fine punctures and sparse setae. Notaulus distinctly impressed anterolaterally. Mesopleuron polished, very finely and very sparsely punctate. Epicnemial carina reaching above the level of lower corner of pronotum. Metapleuron convex, polished. Submetapleural carina strong, complete, in lateral view clearly visible for its entire length. Propodeum in profile moderately convex, with lateromedian longitudinal carinae discernible as very small tubercles anteriorly, otherwise dorsally smooth. Pleural carina complete. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a opposite M&amp;RS. Hind wing with nervellus intercepted slightly below its middle.</p> <p>Metasoma long and slender. First tergite broadened posteriorly, 1.7× as long as posteriorly broad, dorsally mostly smooth; first tergite dorsally concave in anterior part, the concavity bounded laterally by strong and posteriorly convergent carinae which are distinct in anterior 0.3 of tergite and obsolescent centrally (as in Fig. 6). Upper margin of first tergite, in profile, slightly concave anteriorly and weakly convex posteriorly. Second tergite 1.35× as long as maximally broad, with flattened triangular dull areas anterolaterally, centrally distinctly and densely punctate (distance between punctures equal to or slightly shorter than diameter of one puncture). Third tergite 1.25× as long as maximally broad, with a pair of nearly smooth lateromedian rounded swellings. Tergites 4 and 5 similar, with punctures sparser and weaker. Subgenital plate with broad V-shaped membranous area anteriorly. Ovipositor decurved, projecting beyond apex of metasoma by 4.4× length of hind tibia; sheath with long and dense pubescense.</p> <p>Head black, clypeus and mandible (teeth black) dark brownish black, face with slight brown tinge, palpi white. Antenna with scape and pedicel pale ventrally and blackish dorsally, flagellum entirely black. Mesosoma immaculately orange-brown with only propleuron ventrally (next to fore coxa) pale and extreme hind margin of propodeum black; tegula white in anterior half and brown in posterior half. Pterostigma brown. Legs predominantly orange-brown; fore and mid coxae, trochanters and trochantelli white; hind tarsomere 5 infuscate. Metasoma orangebrown, tergites 2–5 with posterolateral black marks. Ovipositor sheath black with apical 0.2 white.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. The new species is named after the type locality, [State of] Chiapas.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Chiapas).</p> <p>Comparison. In the key to the Costa Rican species of Anastelgis (Gauld et al. 1998: 22), the new species runs to couplet 4, but does not match neither A. garciai Gauld nor A. jaramilloi Gauld in that couplet as it has mesosoma entirely orange-brown, second tergite distinctly and closely punctate centrally, upper tooth of mandibe blunt and much broader than the lower tooth, and epomia quite strong. Anastelgis chiapasana sp. nov. possesses genae, in front view, almost straight, similar to those in A. jaramilloi (see Fig. 261 in Gauld 1991: 199), not convex as in A. garciai. The new species also differs from Central American A. impossibilita Gauld et al. by its orange-brown legs with only fore and mid coxae, trochanters and trochantelli white, and from the Nearctic species A. terminalis Townes by its orange-brown mesosoma without black markings, and longer metasomal tergites 2 and 3.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFAEFFD541A7F6F7FAB4FE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFADFFD541A7F5EFFEA2FB33.text	720187E4FFADFFD541A7F5EFFEA2FB33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastelgis garciai Gauld 1991	<div><p>2. Anastelgis garciai Gauld, 1991</p> <p>(Figs 4–7)</p> <p>Anastelgis garciai Gauld 1991: 200 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Santa Rosa Sector, Bosque Humedo, 300 m, viii.1984, coll. D. Janzen &amp; I.D. Gauld; ♀ ♂, Colombia].</p> <p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 22, 23 [in key; Costa Rica]. Quicke et al. 2009: 1412 [Belize].</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz: 1 ♀ (ZISP) SW of Xalapa, park near <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.93915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.5128" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.93915/lat 19.5128)">Institute de Ecología</a>, 19°30.768’N, 96°56.349’W, 1260 m, 12–14.iv.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (ZISP) NE of San Andrés Tuxtla, Biological Station Los Tuxtlas, 155 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, 14.iv–13.v.2013, coll. M. Madora. 1 ♀ (UNAM) same data, but 205 m, 16.vi–24.vii.2013. 1 ♀ (FSCA) Fortín de Las Flores, 2500–3000 ft. (= 760–915 m), Malaise trap, 14.vii.1968, coll. H. V. Weems. Oaxaca: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Metate, 85.5 km SW of Tuxtepec, 900 m, 16.x.1962, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. PANAMA. 1 ♀ (TAMU) Ciriqui Prov., Reserva La Fortuna, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.23805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.721666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.23805/lat 8.721666)">Biological Station</a>, 3900 ft. (= 1190 m), 8°43’18”N, 72°14’17”W, at light, 4–9.viii.1996, coll. A. R. Gillogly &amp; J.B. Woolley. 1 ♀ (TAMU) Varaguas Prov., 8 km W of Santa Fe, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.11361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.507222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.11361/lat 8.507222)">Cerro Tute</a>, 3000 ft. (= 915 m), 8°30’26”N, 81°06’49”W, Malaise trap, 24.vii–8.viii.1999, coll. J.B. Woolley. 1 ♂ (TAMU) same locality, but 24–26.vii.1999, collector(s) unknown.</p> <p>Variation. Female from Oaxaca has a stouter metasoma with first tergite slightly elongate, second tergite about as long as posteriorly broad, and third tergite distinctly transverse.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca), Belize, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia. First record from Mexico and Panama.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFADFFD541A7F5EFFEA2FB33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFADFFD541A7F134FCD9F92A.text	720187E4FFADFFD541A7F134FCD9F92A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastelgis marini Gauld 1991	<div><p>3. Anastelgis marini Gauld, 1991</p> <p>Anastelgis marini Gauld 1991: 203 [holotype ♀ (INBio) Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., Guanacaste National Park, Estatión Cacao (= Mengo), 1100 m, vi.1987, coll. D. Janzen; ♀ ♂].</p> <p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 22, 23 [in key; Costa Rica]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 2 ♀ (UAT) 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, 19.xii.1989, coll. S. Arrambide. 1 ♀ (UAT) Tula, Ejido Acahuales, 1400 m, oak-forest, Malaise trap, 10–28.x.2016, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino &amp; J.M. Coronado-Blanco. Chiapas: 2 ♂ (UANL, UAT) Municipio San Cristóbal, Reserva Cerro El Huitepec, 16°46’06”N, 92°41’04”W, Malaise trap, 2–14.viii.1997, coll. A. González H. 1 ♂ (TAMU) Municipio San Cristóbal, Reserva Huitepec, Malaise trap, 14–20.viii.1990, coll. R.W. Wharton.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Chiapas), Costa Rica.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFADFFD541A7F134FCD9F92A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFADFFDB41A7F33DFA0BF912.text	720187E4FFADFFDB41A7F33DFA0BF912.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calliephialtes Ashmead 1900	<div><p>Genus Calliephialtes Ashmead, 1900</p> <p>Calliephialtes Ashmead 1900a: 54.</p> <p>Type species: Pimpla xanthothorax Ashmead, 1890 (= grapholithae Cresson, 1890), by original designation.</p> <p>References. Ashmead 1890: 446 [Pimpla xanthothorax (description); USA (Missouri)]. Morley 1914: 12 [remarks; key to 2 species]. Townes &amp; Townes 1951: 187 [catalogue; 10 species in America north of Mexico]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 80 [revision of 4 species from America north of Mexico; key]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 10 [catalogue; 9 species in Neotropical region; 1 species in Mexico]. Townes 1969: 74 [description; distribution]. Carlson 1979: 325 [catalogue; 4 species in America north of Mexico]. Gauld 1991: 178 [description; review of 9 species (6 described as new) from Costa Rica; key]. Gauld et al. 1998: 19 [12 species (3 described as new) in Costa Rica; key]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; 2 species in Mexico]. Gauld et al. 2002: 33 [review of 3 species (1 described as new) from El Salvador; key].</p> <p>Calliephialtes is a moderately large genus with 22 species in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Seven species are restricted to South America, 13 species occur in Central America and four in North America. Six species, including one unidentified taxon, are found to occur in Mexico.</p> <p>Calliephialtes coxatus (Smith) was included to the list of Mexican species by Ruíz-Cancino et al. (2002) after Morley (1914: 29) and the catalogue of the Neotropical Ichneumonidae (Townes &amp; Townes 1966), but this record is apparently erroneous (see Remarks under C. coxata). Described from Mexico Epiurus flavipes Cameron was mistakenly synonymized to C. coxatus, but subsequently it was found to be a typical species of Scambus (Gauld 1991: 185). Record of the Costa Rican species C. ruizi Gauld from the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico (Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2010: 63) is apparently incorrect.</p> <p>Types of four Costa Rican species, C. picadoi Gauld, C. rojasi Gauld et al., C. ruizi Gauld and C. sittenfeldae Gauld et al., deposited in the INBio collection, have been examined by the senior author.</p> <p>Species of Calliephialtes are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of a variety of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera whose larvae live in galls, nuts, small fruits, mines, cases and similar niches, or hyperparasitoids via the primary ichneumonoid parasitoid of such host (Gauld 1991; López-Ortega &amp; Khalaim 2011).</p> <p>Key to species of Calliephialtes occurring in Mexico</p> <p>1. Female............................................................................................. 2</p> <p>- Male (unknown for Calliephialtes sp.).................................................................... 7</p> <p>2. Head, mesosoma and metasoma more or less entirely reddish brown....................... 1. C. ferrugineus Cushman</p> <p>- Head black, mesosoma and metasoma black marked to entirely black........................................... 3</p> <p>3. Metasoma with tergites 1–5 orange and tergites 6–8 black (Fig. 9). Hind leg with coxa and femur black, tibia fuscous (Fig. 16). Mesoscutum, mesopleuron and propodeum orange (Fig. 15). [Tergites 2 and 3 transverse (Fig. 10).]................................................................................................ 4. C. sittenfeldae Gauld et al.</p> <p>- Metasoma with tergite 1 black, the rest brown to black. Hind leg with femur and tibia uniformly orange-brown or white with black markings. Mesoscutum, mesopleuron and propodeum with a variable amount of orange-brown and black.......... 4</p> <p>4. Hind coxa and femur whitish with brown or blackish marks (Fig. 14). Nervellus of hind wing intercepted distinctly below its middle (Fig. 13). Mesosoma with metapleuron and propodeum blackish, the rest orange-brown (Fig. 13).............................................................................................. 2. C. grapholithae (Cresson)</p> <p>- Hind coxa and femur uniformly orange-brown. Nervellus of hind wing intercepted near or above its middle............. 5</p> <p>5. White stripe on upper edge of pronotum not reaching base of notaulus. Fore coxa usually orange-brown. Groove between propodeum and metapleuron containing a carina behind spiracle............................ 3. C. notanda (Cresson)</p> <p>- White stripe on upper edge of pronotum reaching forwards beyond base of notaulus (Fig. 17). Fore coxa whitish. Groove between propodeum and metapleuron not containing a carina.................................................. 6</p> <p>6. Propodeum as long as broad in dorsal view (length measured from anterior dorsal margin to base of first tergite, width measured between spiracles in dorsal view), weakly convex in lateral view............................... 6. Calliephialtes sp.</p> <p>- Propodeum shorter, 0.85–0.9× as long as wide in dorsal view, distinctly convex in lateral view (Fig. 17)................................................................................................ 5. C. thurberiae Cushman</p> <p>7. Hind femur uniformly yellowish or reddish brown. Hind wing with nervellus intercepted near or above middle.......... 8</p> <p>- Hind femur whitish with blackish marks basally and apically. Hind wing with nervellus intercepted near, above or below middle............................................................................................. 9</p> <p>8. Metapleural carina present. White mark on upper margin of pronotum not reaching forward to notaulus................................................................................................. 3. C. notanda (Cresson)</p> <p>- Metapleural carina absent, propodeum and metapleuron separated by groove only. White stripe on upper margin of pronotum extending forwards beyond base of notaulus........................................... 5. C. thurberiae Cushman</p> <p>9. Nervellus intercepted above middle. Propodeum orange, sometimes infuscate. Hind coxa, femur and tibia whitish with blackish marks....................................................................... 4. C. sittenfeldae Gauld et al.</p> <p>- Nervellus intercepted near or below middle. Propodeum black. Hind leg sometimes without blackish marks, whitish or reddish brown............................................................................................. 10</p> <p>10. Metapleuron, propodeum and metasoma black....................................... 2. C. grapholithae (Cresson)</p> <p>- Metapleuron and propodeum reddish brown, metasoma mostly reddish brown................ 1. C. ferrugineus Cushman</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFADFFDB41A7F33DFA0BF912	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA3FFDA41A7F2EAFD40FEF9.text	720187E4FFA3FFDA41A7F2EAFD40FEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calliephialtes coxata (Smith 1879)	<div><p>Calliephialtes coxata (Smith, 1879)</p> <p>Pimpla coxata Smith 1879: 229 [holotype ♀ (BMNH), Costa Rica, San José Prov., Volcán Irazú, 2000–2300 m, coll. Rogers].</p> <p>References. Cameron 1886: 267 [Pimpla; Costa Rica; “perhaps only a variety of P. albipes ”]. Morley 1914: 29 [Exeristes; remarks; Mexico (Veracruz)]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 77 [Scambus (Erythroscambus); description]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 10 [catalogue; Scambus (Erythroscambus)]. Gauld 1991: 184 [Calliephialtes (comb.); description; remarks on taxonomy; Costa Rica]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p> <p>Remarks. Some authors (Morley 1914; Townes &amp; Townes 1966) considered Mexican species Epiurus flavipes Cameron as a junior synonym of this species. Gauld (1991) examined types of both species and found that E. flavipes is a distinct species of Scambus, whereas Pimpla coxata Smith belongs to Calliephialtes. Thus, earlier records of C. coxata from Mexico actually may belong to S. flavipes. Morley (1914: 29) mentioned one specimen of coxata (not holotype of flavipes) from Orizaba crater in Mexico, but this record requires verification.</p> <p>Distribution.? Mexico (Veracruz), Costa Rica.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA3FFDA41A7F2EAFD40FEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA2FFDA41A7F583FE5BFBAF.text	720187E4FFA2FFDA41A7F583FE5BFBAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calliephialtes ferrugineus Cushman 1940	<div><p>1. Calliephialtes ferrugineus Cushman, 1940</p> <p>Calliephialtes ferrugineus Cushman 1940: 362</p> <p>[holotype ♀ (USNM), Puerto Rico, Boqueron, ex Pectinophora gossypiella, 20.v.1938, coll. K.A. Bartlett; ♀].</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1951: 188 [catalogue]. Wolcott 1951: 765 [Puerto Rico; host]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 86 [description; USA (Florida), Cuba, Puerto Rico; host]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 11 [catalogue]. Gauld 1991: 187 [description; Costa Rica,? Jamaica]. Carlson 1979: 326 [catalogue]. Gauld et al. 1998: 21 [Costa Rica]. González-Moreno &amp; Bordera 2012: 35 [Mexico (Yucatán)].</p> <p>Material examined. USA. Florida: 2 ♀ (AEIC) Miami, 16.iii.1966, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. 1 ♀ (AEIC) 50 km SW of Miami, “ UadeCo; ChekikaSt. RecArea ”, 3.iii–28.iv.1985, coll. S. &amp; J. Peck et al. 1 ♂ (AEIC) Alachua Co., Gainesville, ex Clydonopteron tecomae Riley (det. D.H. Habeck), 29.x.1962, coll. D.H. Habeck.</p> <p>Distribution. USA (Florida), Mexico (Yucatán), Cuba, Puerto Rico,? Jamaica, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Biology. The holotype and paratype were reared from the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Puerto Rico (Cushman 1940: 362). One male examined in the AEIC was reared from Clydonopteron tecomae Riley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Florida. Wolcott (1951: 765) reported this species as a solitary parasitoid of a shoot borer Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) in Puerto Rico.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA2FFDA41A7F583FE5BFBAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA2FFDA41A7F0B0FEB5FAB9.text	720187E4FFA2FFDA41A7F0B0FEB5FAB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calliephialtes grapholithae (Cresson 1890)	<div><p>2. Calliephialtes grapholithae (Cresson, 1890)</p> <p>(Figs 8, 13, 14)</p> <p>Pimpla grapholithae Cresson 1890: 50</p> <p>[♀ ♂ (ANSP); USA: Missouri, Pennsylvania, ex Grapholitha caryae (= Acrobasis caryae)].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA2FFDA41A7F0B0FEB5FAB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA0FFD841A7F09FFBAAF847.text	720187E4FFA0FFD841A7F09FFBAAF847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calliephialtes notanda (Cresson 1870)	<div><p>3. Calliephialtes notanda (Cresson, 1870)</p> <p>Pimpla notanda Cresson 1870: 148 [♀ ♂ (ANSP); USA: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Colorado].</p> <p>References. Cresson 1872: 165 [Pimpla; USA (Texas)]. Morley 1914: 26 [Exeristes; remarks; USA (Texas); host]. Cresson 1916: 45 [lectotype ♀ (ANSP) designated; USA, Pennsylvania]. Townes &amp; Townes 1951: 188 [catalogue]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 81 [Calliephialtes notandus; description; southern Canada, USA (widespread); host]. Plakidas 1978: 222 [USA (Pennsylvania); host]. Carlson 1979: 326 [catalogue]. Müller &amp; Goeden 1990 [host]. Rothman &amp; Darling 1990 [host]. Bragg 1994 [host].</p> <p>Material examined. USA. Nebraska: 5 ♀, 3 ♂ (AEIC) Valentine Refuge, 4–8.vi.1972, H. &amp; M. Townes. 1 ♀, 4 ♂ (AEIC) Heartwell, 3.vi.1974, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. South Carolina: 3 ♀, 4 ♂ (AEIC) Greenville, 27.v.1956, H. &amp; M. Townes. 1 ♀ (AEIC) Pickens Co., Wattacoo, 30.iv.1959, H.K. Townes. Maryland: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Lexington Park, 13.v.1973, coll. H.K. Townes. Kentucky: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Golden Pond, 10.vi–10.viii.1964, coll. S.G. Breeland. 1 ♂ (AEIC) same data, but 1–8.x.1964. California: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (AEIC) Chula Vista, 13.iv.1974, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. 2 ♀ (AEIC) Julian, 12.v.1974, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. Arizona: 6 ♂ (AEIC) Rustler Park, 8300 ft. (= 2530 m), 20.viii– 13.ix.1987, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. Florida: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Lake Placid, 27.v.1967, coll. G. Heinrich. MEXICO. Guanajuato: 1 ♀ (UAT) El Bajío, 2.vi.1990, coll. M.A. Olivo.</p> <p>Distribution. Canada (south), USA, Mexico (Guanajuato). First record from Mexico.</p> <p>Biology. Reared from larvae of Lepidoptera boring or making galls in the stems: Coleophora parthenica Meyrick (Coleophoridae) (Müller &amp; Goeden 1990), Epiblema desertana (Zeller), E. scudderiana (Clemens) and E. strenuana (Walker) (Tortricidae) (Townes &amp; Townes 1960; Plakidas 1978), Gnorimoschema baccharisella Busk, G. gallaeasteriella (Kellicott) and G. gallaesolidaginis (Riley) (Gelechiidae) (Townes &amp; Townes 1960; Rothman &amp; Darling 1990), and Platyptilia carduidactyla (Riley) (Pterophoridae) (Bragg 1994).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA0FFD841A7F09FFBAAF847	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA7FFDF41A7F4A2FC83FD67.text	720187E4FFA7FFDF41A7F4A2FC83FD67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calliephialtes sittenfeldae Gauld, Ugalde-Gomez & Hanson 1998	<div><p>4. Calliephialtes sittenfeldae Gauld, Ugalde-Gómez &amp; Hanson, 1998</p> <p>(Figs 9, 10, 15, 16)</p> <p>Calliephialtes sittenfeldae Gauld et al. 1998: 144 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, Guanacaste Prov., National Park Rincón de la Vieja, Estación Las Pailas, 800 m, iv.1994, coll. K.E. Taylor; ♀].</p> <p>References. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2010: 63 [checklist; Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. López-Ortega &amp; Khalaim 2011 [Mexico (Veracruz); description of male; host, biology].</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Altas Cimas, Malaise trap, 27.iii– 17.iv.1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♂ (UAT) same data, but 8–15.v.1999. 3 ♀ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Los Cedros, 17.iv–15.v.1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♀ (ZISP) same locality, 340 m, Malaise trap, iii.2002, coll. D. R. Kasparyan. Veracruz: 9 ♀, 6 ♂ (UAT) 15 km S of Xalapa, Tejelo, on Schoephia schreberi, ex Anastrepha spatulata, ii–iii.2007, coll. M. López-Ortega. 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (TAMU) Barranca de Ixtla, on Schoephia schreberi, ex Anastrepha spatulata, 3.iii.2005, coll. Martin Pale.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz), Costa Rica.</p> <p>Biology. Parasitoid of Anastrepha spatulata Stone (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Schoephia schreberi J.F. Gmel. (Olacaceae) in Mexico (López-Ortega &amp; Khalaim 2011).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA7FFDF41A7F4A2FC83FD67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA7FFDF41A7F778FCEEF879.text	720187E4FFA7FFDF41A7F778FCEEF879.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calliephialtes thurberiae Cushman 1915	<div><p>5. Calliephialtes thurberiae Cushman, 1915</p> <p>(Figs 11, 12, 17)</p> <p>Calliephialtes thurberiae Cushman 1915: 132 [holotype ♀ (USNM), USA, Arizona, Stone Cabin Canyon, Santa Rita Mts, xii.1913, coll. E.A. Schwarz; ♀ ♂].</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1951: 188 [catalogue]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 83 [description; USA (Arizona), Mexico (Nuevo León, Durango), Costa Rica; host]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 11 [catalogue; Mexico]. Carlson 1979: 326 [catalogue]. Gauld 1991: 193 [description; Costa Rica; host]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico]. Gauld et al. 2002: 34 [El Salvador]. Quicke et al. 2009: 1412 [? Costa Rica].</p> <p>Material examined. USA. Arizona: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Portal, 20.viii.1987, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. MEXICO. Chihuahua: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) Villa Coronado, ex Cydia caryana, xi.2004, coll. R. Rodriguez Martinez. Coahuila: 1 ♀ (UAT) Parras de la Fuente, 17.x.1986, coll. M. Flores. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, 1400–1450 m, 12.i.2013, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 3 ♀ (UAT) 17 km N of Palmillas, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.557335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.449917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.557335/lat 23.449917)">Ejido Magdaleno Aguilar</a>, 23°26.995’N, 99°33.440’W, 1450 m, pine forest + juniper, Malaise trap, 10–23.v, 14–27.vi and 2–15.viii.2012, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. San Luis Potosí: 1 ♀ (UAT) Puerta de la Huerta, km 228 San Luis Potosí—Río Verde, herbs, 7.vii.2000, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. Querétaro: 1 ♀ (UNAM) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.110275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.136667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.110275/lat 20.136667)">Amealco San Pedro Tenango</a>, 20º08’12”N, 100º06’37”W, 2518 m, 24.x.2007, coll. H. Brailovsky &amp; L. Cervantes. Michoacán: 1 ♀ (UMSNH) Morelia, Cerro Punhuato, 19°41’954”N, 101°08’351”W, 2096 m, Área de Nopalera, yellow pan traps, 1.x.2010, coll. Ana L. Escalante &amp; Jiménez. Hidalgo: 1 ♀ (UNAM) Tasquillo, 30.xii.1985, coll. L. Rivera. D.F.: 1 ♀ (AEIC) “ Distrito Federal X.11.62 Mexico H. &amp; M. Townes ”.</p> <p>Remarks. Examined material from Mexico exactly corresponds with the description of this species by Townes &amp; Townes (1960). According to the description by Gauld (1991), tergites 1–3 of metasoma are elongate (first tergite 1.3×, second tergite 1.2×, and third tergite 1.1× as long as maximally broad), whereas in our material tergites 1 and 2 are 0.8–1.0× as long as broad, and tergite 3 is always distinctly transverse (less than 0.8× as long as broad).</p> <p>Variation. One female from Querétaro possesses upper tooth of mandible somewhat longer than the lower tooth. In other specimens mandibular teeth are more or less equal by length.</p> <p>Distribution. USA (Arizona), Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Durango, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Michoacán, D.F., Hidalgo), El Salvador, Costa Rica.</p> <p>Biology. Reared in USA from Anthonomus grandis thurberiae Pierce (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), from bolls of Gossypium thurberi Todaro (Malvaceae) and from galls of Disholcaspis sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Quercus oblongifolia Torrey (Townes &amp; Townes 1960). Reared from the seed of Quercus sp. in Costa Rica (Gauld 1991) and from Cydia caryana (Fitch) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Mexico.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA7FFDF41A7F778FCEEF879	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA6FFDD41A7F292FA0BF9D8.text	720187E4FFA6FFDD41A7F292FA0BF9D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichomitus Smith 1877	<div><p>Genus Dolichomitus Smith, 1877</p> <p>Dolichomitus Smith 1877: 411.</p> <p>Type species: Dolichomitus longicauda Smith, 1877, by monotypy.</p> <p>Synonyms:</p> <p>Closterocerus Hartig, 1847 (name preoccupied by Westwood, 1833).</p> <p>Diclosterocerus Viereck, 1914 (new name for Closterocerus Hartig, 1847).</p> <p>Exeristoidea Viereck, 1924.</p> <p>Mesoephialtes Schmiedeknecht, 1906.</p> <p>Tuberculephialtes Ozols, 1962.</p> <p>References. Morley 1914: 9 [Closteroceros (sic!); remarks], 13 [Dolichomitus; remarks]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 111 [revision of 19 species (7 described as new) from America north of Mexico; key]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 12 [catalogue; 7 species and subspecies in Neotropical region; 4 species in Mexico]. Townes 1969: 81 [description; distribution]. Townes 1975 [2 new species from Peru]. Gauld 1991: 205 [review of 6 species (3 described as new) from Costa Rica; key]. Gauld et al. 1998: 23 [8 species (2 described as new) in Costa Rica; key]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; 4 species in Mexico]. Gauld et al. 2002: 35 [review of 4 species from El Salvador; key]. Zwakhals 2010 [revision of Western Palaearctic species (3 described as new); key]. Loffredo &amp; Penteado-Dias 2012 [2 new species from Brazil]. Matsumoto 2018 [1 new species from Japan]. Araujo et al. 2020 [5 new species from Colombia; key to 13 South American species]. DiGiovanni et al. 2021 [1 new species from Ecuador].</p> <p>Dolichomitus is a predominantly Holarctic genus that includes about 80 species in the Holarctic, Neotropical and Oriental regions; several species were introduced into South Africa and New Zealand. In the New World, 20 species occur in the Nearctic region (nine of them also occur in the Palaearctic region), one species is known only from Cuba (Ashmead 1900c: 352; Portuondo-Ferrer et al. 2004: 125), eight species occur in Central America and 14 species in South America.</p> <p>Four species of Dolichomitus are known to occur in Mexico, of them one species is Nearctic, two are Neotropical, and one has a range extending from Canada to Costa Rica.</p> <p>Species of Dolichomitus are known as ectoparasitods of larvae of xylophagous insects. Most host records are from the coleopteran family Cerambycidae, also known from the families Curculionidae, Melandryidae, Scolytidae, Synchroidae (Coleoptera), Sesiidae (Lepidoptera) and Xiphydriidae (Hymenoptera).</p> <p>Key to species of Dolichomitus occurring in Mexico</p> <p>1. Hind coxa black (Figs 22, 25). Mesosoma completely black (Figs 22, 25). Mid coxa of male with two strong tubercles on its outer side (Fig. 26). [Fore and mid coxae black in female (Fig. 22) and whitish in male (Fig. 25). Metasoma dark red to blackish (Figs 22, 25). Lobe of lower valve of ovipositor with five teeth (Fig. 24).].................... 3. D. irritator (Fabricius)</p> <p>- Hind coxa yellow or reddish brown, sometimes with black markings (Figs 19, 21). Mesosoma not completely black, at least upper margin of pronotum white (Figs 19, 21). Male with mid coxa without tubercles or with two weak tubercles........ 2</p> <p>2. Body predominantly black, partly dark red, pronotum laterally with white stripe along its upper margin (Figs 18, 19). Submetapleural carina incomplete, present as a short tubercle anteriorly (Fig. 19). [Mid coxa of male without tubercles on its outer side.].................................................................... 2. D. dolichosoma (Viereck)</p> <p>- Body yellow with black or reddish brown markings (Fig. 20); mesosoma yellow and black (Fig. 21). Submetapleural carina at least distinct on anterior 0.8 of metapleuron (Fig. 21)........................................................ 3</p> <p>3. Female............................................................................................. 4</p> <p>- Male............................................................................................... 5</p> <p>4. Propodeum dorsally with central smooth area strongly and evenly broadened posteriorly so that near hind margin it is more than twice as broad as it is anteriorly, generally with this area partly to completely black and the slightly raised part lateral to it yellow. Hind wing with nervellus intercepted in or slightly below its middle.............. 1. D. annulicornis (Cameron)</p> <p>- Propodeum dorsally with central smooth area only slightly expanded posteriorly so that near hind margin it is less than twice as broad as it is anteriorly, generally with this area black, but with parallel black stripes on the slightly raised, yellow, lateral part. Hind wing with nervellus intercepted distinctly above its middle (Fig. 21)...................... 4. D. zonatus (Cresson)</p> <p>5. Outer side of mid coxa bearing two strongly raised prominences. Tergites 2–4 of metasoma with apical yellow band narrow, less than half of segment length................................................. 1. D. annulicornis (Cameron)</p> <p>- Outer side of mid coxa with a weak basal prominence, centrally barely raised. Tergites 2–4 of metasoma with apical yellow band broad, more than half of segment length (Fig. 20)..................................... 4. D. zonatus (Cresson)</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA6FFDD41A7F292FA0BF9D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA5FFDC41A7F2BFFE3CFCA5.text	720187E4FFA5FFDC41A7F2BFFE3CFCA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichomitus annulicornis (Cameron 1886)	<div><p>1. Dolichomitus annulicornis (Cameron, 1886)</p> <p>Ephialtes annulicornis Cameron 1886: 262 [♀ (all in BMNH), Guatemala (San Isidro at 1600 ft. and San Jéronimo, coll. Champion), Panama (Volcán de Chiriquí at 2000 to 6000 ft., coll. Champion)].</p> <p>References. Schulz 1907: 323 [Labena]. Morley 1914: 19 [Ephialtes; remarks; Mexico (Oaxaca, Tabasco)]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 13 [catalogue; syn. of D. zonarus zonatus; Guatemala, Panama]. Gauld 1991: 216 [ex synonym; Dolichomitus; lectotype ♀ (BMNH) designated, Guatemala, San Jerónimo, coll. Champion; Mexico (Tabasco), Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Brazil (Bahia); biology]. Gauld et al. 1998: 25 [in key; Costa Rica]. Gauld et al. 2002: 36 [El Salvador]. RuízCancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico]. Hernández-Aguilar et al. 2005: 470 [Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Quicke et al. 2009: 1413 [Costa Rica]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2010: 64 [checklist; Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Araujo et al. 2020: 93 [in key], 95 [figs.].</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) Llera [Municipio], El Encino, 27.iii.2001, coll. C.A. Covarrubias D. 4 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Altas Cimas, Malaise trap, 24.iv–22.v.1999, coll. S. Hernández A. 1 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Los Cedros, 300 m, Malaise trap, 13.iii.2003, coll. D. R. Kasparyan. 2 ♂ (UAT) Gómez Farías, Canindo, Malaise trap, 20–21.vii.1994, coll. J.B. Woolley. Ocampo, Ejido El Bejuco, 900 m, Malaise trap, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. (all in UAT): 12–25.vi.2016 (2 ♂), 30.vii–12.viii.2016 (1 ♂). Jalisco: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 8 mi. S of Autlan, 8.vii.1984, coll. Carroll, Schaffner &amp; Friedlander. Veracruz: 2 ♀ (UNAM) NE of San Andrés Tuxtla, Biological Station Los Tuxtlas, 13–20.xi, 15–19.xii.1988, coll. E. Mejorada. Same locality, 150–210 m, selva alta perennifolia, Malaise trap, coll. M. Madora: 1 ♂ (UNAM) 10.iii–14.iv.2013, 1 ♂ (ZISP) 16–31.iii.2014, 3 ♂ (UNAM) 31.iii–16.iv.2014, 1 ♂ (UNAM) 14–28.v.2014, 1 ♂ (ZISP) 28.v–16.vi.2014. Oaxaca: 1 ♂ (TAMU) 15.1 mi. N of San Gabriel Mixtepec, 3850 ft. (= 1175 m), Highway 131, 11.vii.1987, coll. R. Wharton. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 40 km E of Comitán, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.72924&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.132282" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.72924/lat 16.132282)">National Park Lagos de Montebello</a>, 16.132282, -91.729243, 9.viii.2021, coll. A.I. Khalaim. COSTA RICA. Cartago: 1 ♂ (INHS) Turrialba, 2.ix.1979, coll. M.E. Irwin.</p> <p>Remarks. The species belongs to the zonatus species-group, defined by Gauld (1991) for three species occurring in Costa Rica, having a vespid mimicking males with specialized fore trochanters and coxae, and females with ovipositor sheath sparsely and shortly hirsute.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas), Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Brazil (Bahia).</p> <p>Biology. Males of this species are Batesian mimics of a common species of Agelaia Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (Gauld 1991).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA5FFDC41A7F2BFFE3CFCA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA4FFDC41A7F7BFFC6AFA72.text	720187E4FFA4FFDC41A7F7BFFC6AFA72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichomitus dolichosoma (Viereck 1912)	<div><p>2. Dolichomitus dolichosoma (Viereck, 1912)</p> <p>(Figs 18–19)</p> <p>Ephialtes dolichosoma Viereck 1912: 637 [holotype ♀ (USNM), USA, North Carolina, Tryon, “No. 3075E, Hopk. U.S., Castanea dentata, W. F. Fiske collector.”, No. 14740].</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1951: 189 [Pimpla (comb.); catalogue]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 116 [Dolichomitus; USA]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Nuevo León: 3 ♀ (FSCA) ca. Monterrey, Mesa de Chipinque, 19–22.vi.1976, coll. C. Porter. Tamaulipas: 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, coll. E. &amp; J. Ruíz-Cancino (all in UAT): iv.1984 (1 ♀, 1 ♂), v.1984 (2 ♀), xi.1984 (1 ♀), xii.1984 (2 ♀), iv.1985 (1 ♀). 1 ♀ (ZISP) same locality, 26.i.2013, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (UAT) SSW Cd. Victoria, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.21243&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.6227" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.21243/lat 23.6227)">Rancho Santa Elena</a>, 23º37.362’N, 99º12.746’W, 970 m, Malaise trap, 16–29.iii.2011, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino &amp; J.M. Coronado-Blanco.</p> <p>Remarks. The species belongs to the taeniatus species-group comprising three Nearctic species, the Cuban D. rufescens (Cresson) and the Costa Rican D. grilloi Gauld.</p> <p>Variation. One female from El Madroño collected by A.I. Khalaim, possesses hind coxa moderately fuscous.</p> <p>Distribution. USA (east and centre), Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA4FFDC41A7F7BFFC6AFA72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFA4FFC341A7F275FEC3F96F.text	720187E4FFA4FFC341A7F275FEC3F96F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichomitus irritator (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>3. Dolichomitus irritator (Fabricius, 1775)</p> <p>(Figs 22–26)</p> <p>Ichneumon irritator Fabricius 1775: 336 [type ♀ (BMNH), “America”].</p> <p>Synonym:</p> <p>Ephialtes nigricans Cameron, 1886 (Morley 1914: 17–18; Gauld 1991: 215).</p> <p>References. Cameron 1886: 263 [Ephialtes nigricans (description)]. Morley 1914: 17–18 [Ephialtes irritator; E. nigricans (syn.); remarks]. Champlain 1922: 98 [Ichneumon; USA (Pennsylvania); host]. Kaston 1937: 359 [Ichneumon; USA (Connecticut); host]. Townes &amp; Townes 1951: 189 [Pimpla; catalogue]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 129 [Dolichomitus nigricans (ex syn.); Guatemala], 137 [Dolichomitus; Canada (Ontario), USA; host]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 13 [catalogue; D. nigricans; Guatemala, Mexico (Guerrero)], 14 [misdet.]. Ruíz-Cancino &amp; Tejada 1986: 39 [Mexico (Nuevo León)]. Gauld 1991: 214 [description; Canada (Ontario), USA, Mexico (Guerrero), Guatemala, Costa Rica]. Gauld et al. 1998: 24, 25 [in key; Costa Rica]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico]. Gauld et al. 2002: 36 [El Salvador]. Kasparyan &amp; Ruíz-Cancino 2004: 723 [Mexico (Oaxaca)]. Hernández-Aguilar et al. 2005: 470 [Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2010: 64 [checklist; Mexico (Tamaulipas)]. Tindall &amp; Fothergill 2012 [USA (Missouri); host]. Sánchez-García et al. 2015: 827 [checklist; Mexico (Oaxaca)].</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Nuevo León: 1 ♀ (UAT) Cola de Caballo (waterfall), 1.iv.1981, coll. H. González. Tamaulipas: 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, 1400–1450 m, coll. E. &amp; J. Ruíz-Cancino (all in UAT): v.1984 (1 ♂), vi.1984 (2 ♂), i.1985 (1 ♀), v.1985 (1 ♀, 1 ♂), vii.1985 (1 ♀, 1 ♂), ix.1985 (1 ♀). 1 ♂ (ZISP) same locality, 12.i.2013, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality, 10.vii.1985, coll. S. Arrambide. 1 ♂ (UAT) Ocampo, Manantiales, 13.v.1995, coll. S. Niño M., H. Hernández &amp; C. Hernández. 2 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañón de la Libertad, 1000–1100 m, 5.ii and 26.iii.1988, coll. R. Meza V. 2 ♀ (UAT) Cd. Victoria, Cañón del Novillo, 850 m, 12.xii.1987, coll. R. Meza V. 1 ♀ (UAT) same data, but 900 m, 20.iii.1988. Hidalgo: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 8 km N of Pachuca de Soto, National Park El Chico, 20°11.4’N, 98°44.55’W, 2800–2900 m, 18–22.xii.2014, coll. A. I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (UNAM) Huasca, Rancho Santa Elena, 20º07’53”N, 98º31’38”W, 2500 m, 26.ii–26.iii.2003, coll. Menchaca &amp; A. Contreras. Morelos: 1 ♀ (UAT) N of Cuernavaca, Chamilpa, 20.ix.1991, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♂ (UAT) same data, but 25.i.1991. 1 ♀ (CIUM) Tlayacapan, San José de los Laureles, 18.98034°N, 99.01328°W, 1500 m, bosque templado, on herbs, 4.x.2013, coll. V.H. Toledo. Puebla: 1 ♀ (EMEC) 7 km SE of Morelos Canadá, 4–5.vii.1974, coll. J. A. Chemsak &amp; J. Powell. Guerrero: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 4 mi. W of Chilpancingo, 15.vii.1984, coll. Carroll, Schaffner &amp; Friedlander. Oaxaca: 1 ♀ (IPN) Cuilapam, Nogal, Malaise trap, 19.iii.2005, coll. J. M. Maldonado. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 10 mi. N of Miltepec, 26.vii.1974, coll. Clark, Murray, Ashe &amp; Schaffner. 1 ♀ (UNAM) “ C. V. Mexico ”, 26.vi.1980, coll. I. Gutierez. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 10 km ESE of San Cristóbal de las Casas, 16.668022, -92.550506, 2400 m, pine forest, 6–7.viii.2021, coll. A. I. Khalaim. HONDURAS. 1 ♂ (AEIC) Cerro Monserrat, 1800 m, 30.v.1994, coll. H. &amp; A. Howden.</p> <p>Variation. The male from Morelos has lower part of mesopleuron extensively yellowish.</p> <p>Distribution. Canada (Ontario), USA (northeast and east), Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, Morelos, Puebla, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica. First record from Honduras.</p> <p>Biology. There are many host records from wood boring insects, especially from branches lying on the ground (Townes &amp; Townes 1960; Gauld 1991). Most records are from Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), and less commonly from Buprestidae, Curculionidae, Melandryidae, Synchroidae (Coleoptera) and Sesiidae (Lepidoptera). All parasitoids were reared in North America. Complete list of insect and plant hosts of D. irritator was published by Tindall &amp; Fothergill (2012).</p> <p>Most host records were provided by Townes &amp; Townes (1960): Anelaphus parallelus (Newman), A. villosus (F.) on the American chestnut Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. and Quercus sp., Elaphidion sp. on Quercus sp., Graphisurus sp., “ Leptura ” on Quercus sp., Megacyllene robiniae (Forster) (= pictus Drury) on Carya sp., Obrium rufulum Gahan on Fraxinus sp., Pachyta lamed (L.), Parelaphidion incertum (Newman) on Carya sp., Rhagium inquisitor (L.) (= lineatus Oliver), Saperda discoidea F. and Trigonarthris proxima (Say) on Acer sp., Xylotrechus annosus (Say) (Cerambycidae), Melandrya striata Say (Melandryidae) on Fagus sp., Synchroa punctata Newman (Synchroidae), and Synanthedon tipuliformis (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae).</p> <p>Other host records are from Astyleiopus variegatus (Haldeman) on Acer negundo L. (Chittenden 1893; Kaston 1937), Megacyllene robiniae (Forster) (= pictus Drury) (Champlain 1922) and Graphisurus fasciatus (DeGeer) (Cerambycidae) on hickory (Kaston 1937), Chrysobothris sp. (Buprestidae) on Cercis canadensis L. (Champlain 1922) and Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.) (Curculionidae) on Salix sp. (Pierce 1908; Kaston 1937).</p> <p>Recently, D. irritator was reared from Dectes texanus LeConte (Curculionidae) on soybean Glycine max (L.) (Fabaceae); this is the first record of D. irritator utilizing hosts within an annual, herbaceous plant (Tindall &amp; Fothergill 2012).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFA4FFC341A7F275FEC3F96F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFBAFFC241A7F4A2FC03FE84.text	720187E4FFBAFFC241A7F4A2FC03FE84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichomitus zonatus (Cresson 1874)	<div><p>4. Dolichomitus zonatus (Cresson, 1874)</p> <p>(Figs 20–21)</p> <p>Pimpla zonata Cresson 1874: 401 [♀ (ANSP), Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFBAFFC241A7F4A2FC03FE84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFB8FFC741A7F745FC7FFF49.text	720187E4FFB8FFC741A7F745FC7FFF49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endromopoda daschi Khalaim & Ruíz-Cancino 2022	<div><p>1. Endromopoda daschi Khalaim, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 27–28)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype female (AEIC), Mexico, State of Mexico, 3 mi. E of Río Frío [de Juárez], 10.xi.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch.</p> <p>Description. Female. Body length (without ovipositor) about 7.5 mm. Fore wing length 6.5 mm.</p> <p>Head polished, with very fine sparse punctures. Mandible with upper tooth longer than the lower tooth. Clypeus apically bilobed. Malar space 0.3× as long as basal mandibular width. Flagellum with 22 flagellomeres.</p> <p>Mesosoma 1.8× as long as high. Mesoscutum with very fine and moderately dense punctures, with rather dense setae, dull. Notaulus deep anterolaterally, extending in basal 0.3 of mesoscutum. Epomia distinct, arcuate. Epicnemial carina fine but distinct, reaching well above the level of lower corner of pronotum. Mesopleuron with very fine and sparse punctures, smooth and shining. Metapleuron polished and impunctate centrally. Submetapleural carina complete. Propodeum dorsally polished, with fine punctures anteriorly, impunctate posteriorly; laterally with shallow but distinct punctures; lateromedian longitudinal carinae very weak, slightly divergent posteriorly, discernible in anterior 0.3 of propodeum.All apical tarsomeres swollen; tarsal claws large, with large basal lobe. Fore wing with 1cu-a (nervulus) opposite to M&amp;RS (basal vein). Areolet present. Hind wing with nervellus intercepted in posterior 0.4.</p> <p>First metasomal tergite somewhat elongate, coarsely punctate, with lateromedian carinae distinct in anterior 0.4–0.5 of tergite. Ovipositor robust, very strongly compressed laterally, weakly upcurved (Fig. 27), apically with about six vertical ventral teeth, with neither nodus nor swelling dorsally (Fig. 28); sheath 1.1× as long as hind tibia.</p> <p>Head (including clypeus and manible), antenna, mesosoma and metasoma black; extreme hind corner of pronotum and tegula yellow; palpi fuscous. Fore and mid legs orange-brown, mid tarsus slightly infuscate. Hind coxa, trochanter, trochantellus and femur orange-brown; tibia brown with pale median stripe on outer side; tarsomeres pale basally and brown apically. Pterostigma pale brown. Wings slightly brownish.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in memory of the American entomologist Clement Eugene Dasch (1925– 2007), expert in the Ichneumonidae and collector of the type specimen.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Mexico). First record of genus from Mexico.</p> <p>Comparison. The new species is very similar to the Nearctic E. producta (Walley) but may be distinguished from this species by the propodeum with lateromedian longitudinal carinae discernible only in its anterior 0.3 (in anterior 0.75 in E. producta), first tergite with lateromedian carinae present in anterior 0.4–0.5 (in anterior 0.7 in E. producta), ovipositor weakly but distinctly upcurved and sheath 1.1× as long as hind tibia (Fig. 27), while in E. producta the ovipositor is straight and sheath 1.2–1.4× as long as hind tibia.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFB8FFC741A7F745FC7FFF49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFB8FFC041A7F55BFC96FC82.text	720187E4FFB8FFC041A7F55BFC96FC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endromopoda Hellen 1939	<div><p>Genus Endromopoda Hellén, 1939</p> <p>Scambus (Endromopoda) Hellén 1839: 56.</p> <p>Type species: Scambus (Endromopoda) melanopyga (Gravenhorst, 1829), by original designation.</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 18 [Scambus (Endromopoda); revision of 3 species (2 described as new) from America north of Mexico]. Carlson 1979: 322 [Scambus (Endromopoda); catalogue; 4 species in America north of Mexico].</p> <p>Endromopoda is a small predominantly Holarctic genus with 11 species. Four species occur in the Nearctic region. One undescribed species is recorded here in Mexico.</p> <p>Species of Endromopoda are known as parasitods of insects living within the stems of reeds and grasses (Townes &amp; Townes 1960). Most host records are from various Lepidoptera; also recorded from Cephidae (Hymenoptera), Chloropidae (Diptera) and Curculionidae (Coleoptera).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFB8FFC041A7F55BFC96FC82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFBFFFC741A7F513FCEDFE4D.text	720187E4FFBFFFC741A7F513FCEDFE4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endromopoda producta (Walley 1960)	<div><p>Endromopoda producta (Walley, 1960)</p> <p>Material examined. USA. Montana: 1 ♀ (INHS) Glacier National Park, Cut Bank Creek, 12.vii.1940, coll. H.H. &amp; J.A. Ross. Colorado: 1 ♀ (INHS) Green Mt. Falls, 2.viii.1943, coll. H.H. Ross.</p> <p>Distribution. Canada, USA (including Alaska, to California).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFBFFFC741A7F513FCEDFE4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFBFFFC741A7F02BFAE7FBE7.text	720187E4FFBFFFC741A7F02BFAE7FBE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephialtes duplicauda Heinrich 1949	<div><p>1. Ephialtes duplicauda Heinrich, 1949</p> <p>Ephialtes duplicauda Heinrich 1949: 67 [holotype ♀ (AEIC), Germany, “ Berchtesgaden Hachelgraben 1600 m, 18.6.47”].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFBFFFC741A7F02BFAE7FBE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFBFFFC741A7F617FB44FC51.text	720187E4FFBFFFC741A7F617FB44FC51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephialtes Gravenhorst 1829	<div><p>Genus Ephialtes Gravenhorst, 1829</p> <p>Ephialtes Gravenhorst 1829: 748.</p> <p>Type species: Ichneumon manifestator Linnaeus, 1758.</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 100 [Pimpla; revision of 4 species (2 described as new) from America north of Mexico]. Townes 1969: 76 [Pimpla; description; distribution]. Carlson 1979: 326 [Pimpla; catalogue; 4 species in America north of Mexico]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; 1 species in Mexico]. Horstmann 2008: 153 [revision of 4 European species; key; record of E. manifestator (L.) from Nearctic region].</p> <p>Ephialtes is a small predominantly Holarctic genus with nine species (taxonomic status of several West Palaearctic species is uncertain). Five species occur in the Nearctic region, of them two species are Holarctic (i.e. also occur in the Palaeaerctic region). One species is known from northern Mexico.</p> <p>Parasitoids of wasps nesting in the wood (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) and xylophagous insects.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFBFFFC741A7F617FB44FC51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFBEFFC641A7F764FA04FA58.text	720187E4FFBEFFC641A7F764FA04FA58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iseropus hylesiae Kasparyan 2006	<div><p>1. Iseropus hylesiae Kasparyan, 2006</p> <p>(Figs 29–31)</p> <p>Iseropus hylesiae Kasparyan 2006: 210 [holotype ♀ (UAT), Mexico, Tlaxcala, Huamantla, ex Hylesia iola Dyar, viii.2001; ♀ ♂, Mexico (Hidalgo, Chiapas)].</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Sinaloa: 1 ♀ (EMEC) 8 mi. W of El Palmito, 6000 ft. (= 1830 m), at light, 12.x.1975, coll. J. Powell et al. Querétaro: 1 ♀ (UNAM) S of Amealco de Bonfil, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.110275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.136667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.110275/lat 20.136667)">San Pedro Tenango</a>, 20º08’12”N, 100º06’37”W, 2518 m, 24.x.2007, coll. H. Brailovsky &amp; L. Cervantes. 1 ♀ (UAQ) Municipio Colón, Los Trigos, Cerro El Zamorano Mt., 12.iii.1997, coll. Eliut Hurtado. Hidalgo: 1 ♀ (ZISP) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.612885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.204739" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.612885/lat 20.204739)">SW of Prismas Basalticos</a>, 20.204738ºN, - 98.612887ºW, forest, 28.vii.2021, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (UAT) Acaxochitlán, pine-oak forest, 21.vii.1995, coll. C.A. Covarrubias D. &amp; S. Hernández A. D.F.: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (UNAM) “ La Villa Sur del D.F. Agosto, 1962”.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Submetapleural carina absent. Pronotum with white stripe along its dorsal margin (Fig. 30). Fore wing with pterostigma brownish yellow (Fig. 29). Face of male black. Female with ovipositor sheath 1.6–1.7× as long as hind tibia (Fig. 29).</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Sinaloa, Querétaro, Hidalgo, D.F., Tlaxcala, Chiapas).</p> <p>Biology. Specimens from Tlaxcala were reared from Hylesia iola Dyar (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), and specimens from Chiapas from the nest of Hylesia sp. on Arbutus xalapensis Kunth (Ericaceae) (Kasparyan 2006).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFBEFFC641A7F764FA04FA58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFBEFFC441A7F23EFA0AFE0B.text	720187E4FFBEFFC441A7F23EFA0AFE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liotryphon Ashmead 1900	<div><p>Genus Liotryphon Ashmead, 1900</p> <p>Liotryphon Ashmead 1900b: 368 (new name for Liogaster Kriechbaumer, 1890).</p> <p>Type species: Liogaster longulus Kriechbaumer, 1890 (= punctulatus Ratzeburg, 1848), by monotypy.</p> <p>Synonyms:</p> <p>Apistes Seyrig, 1927 (name preoccupied by Fischer, 1823).</p> <p>Apistephialtes Seyrig, 1928 (new name for Apistes Seyrig).</p> <p>Liogaster Kriechbaumer, 1890 (name preoccupied by Meyer, 1844).</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 10 [syn. of Exeristes], 87 [Apistephialtes; revision of 8 Nearctic species (1 species actually belongs to another genus, 2 species described as new); key]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 12 [catalogue; 2 species in Neotropical region; 2 species in Mexico]. Townes 1969: 77 [description; distribution]. Carlson 1979: 326 [catalogue; 10 species in America north of Mexico]. Gauld 1991: 166 [“some species occur in the highlands of Central Mexico ”]. RuízCancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; 2 species in Mexico].</p> <p>Liotryphon is a predominantly Holarctic and Oriental genus with about 25 species; eight species occur in the Nearctic region, one species (L. atriceps) is known only from Mexico, and one Nearctic species (L. petulcus) was recorded from central Mexico by Townes (Townes &amp; Townes 1960).</p> <p>Four species are recorded from Mexico in this paper, including two new species described below. Two new species differ from their Nearctic congeners by absence of the submetapleural carina, and from L. atriceps by the hirsute mesoscutum, almost entirely black body (in L. atriceps mesosoma and metasoma are extensively pale reddish brown) and predominantly reddish legs (whitish in L. atriceps). The genus is very rarely collected in Mexico.</p> <p>Species of Liotryphon commonly attack Lepidoptera pupating under loose bark (Townes &amp; Townes 1960).</p> <p>Key to species of Liotryphon occurring in Mexico</p> <p>1. Mesosoma extensively pale reddish brown with black markings. Scape and pedicel of antenna ventrally white. Pronotum wih white stripe on its upper margin. Submetapleural carina complete (unknown for L. atriceps)......................... 2</p> <p>- Mesosoma black, sometimes only with white stripe on upper margin of pronotum (Fig. 34). Scape and pedicel of antenna entirely black. Pronotum with or without white stripe on its upper margin. Submetapleural carina absent................ 3</p> <p>2. Metasoma reddish brown. Mesoscutum almost bare....................................... 1. L. atriceps (Cresson)</p> <p>- Metasoma black. Mesoscutum with moderately dense, evenly distributed setae................. 3. L. petulcus (Cresson)</p> <p>3. Pronotum entirely black. Metapleuron polished, impunctate. Fore coxa whitish. Wings yellowish. Second tergite with oblique grooves anterolaterally and with a pair of rounded lateromedian swellings. Tergites 2–5 with posterior impunctate 0.25 dull. Large species with body length 16.5 mm and fore wing length 12.3 mm (Fig. 32).................. 2. L. gauldi sp. nov.</p> <p>- Pronotum black with white stripe on its upper margin (Fig. 34). Metapleuron finely and sparsely punctate. Fore coxa reddish orange. Wings more or less hyaline. Second tergite without oblique grooves anterolaterally, with a pair of very weak lateromedian swellings (Fig. 35). Tergites 2–5 with posterior impunctate 0.25 shining (Fig. 35). Smaller, body length 8.2–10.8 mm and fore wing length 7.0– 9.2 mm (Fig. 33)..................................................... 4. L. tamajalus sp. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFBEFFC441A7F23EFA0AFE0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFBCFFC441A7F5E8FDD4FB5E.text	720187E4FFBCFFC441A7F5E8FDD4FB5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liotryphon atriceps (Cresson 1874)	<div><p>1. Liotryphon atriceps (Cresson, 1874)</p> <p>Ephialtes atriceps Cresson 1874: 394 [♀ (ANSP), Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba].</p> <p>References. Cameron 1886: 262 [Ephialtes; Mexico (Veracruz)]. Morley 1914: 16 [Ephialtes; remarks]. Cresson 1916: 18 [lectotype ♀ (ANSP) designated; Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 97 [Apistephialtes]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 12 [catalogue; Mexico]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p> <p>Remarks. We know this species only from its descriptions and remarks on the morphology from following publications:</p> <p>[Body] pale ferruginous. Head, antennae, most of prothorax, sutures on thorax above, and transverse spot on lateral apical margin of second and three following abdominal segments black. Scape beneath, tegulae, line before [on upper margin of pronotum] and most of legs white. Hind coxa and femur (except tips) pale honey-yellow. Line on fore and mid femora above and tarsi dusky. Wings hyaline, iridescent. [Body] elongate, narrow, smooth and shining. Head subglobose. Antennae short, slender. Metathorax smooth, rounded. Metasoma subsessile, very long, of uniform width, segments 2–5 above with a swelling on each side of middle. Fore wing with areolet subtriangular (Cresson 1874).</p> <p>“Abdomen red or ferrugineous, at least towards the anus... Mesothorax red, with scape and callosity at tegulae white” (Morley 1914: 15).</p> <p>Townes (Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 87) also mentioned that mesoscutum of this species is almost bare, unlike Nearctic species having mesoscutum with moderately dense setae.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFBCFFC441A7F5E8FDD4FB5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFBCFFCB41A7F121FAD3FC1D.text	720187E4FFBCFFCB41A7F121FAD3FC1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liotryphon gauldi Khalaim & Ruíz-Cancino 2022	<div><p>2. Liotryphon gauldi Khalaim, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 32)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype female (TAMU), Mexico, Chiapas, Municipio San Cristóbal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.68445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.768333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.68445/lat 16.768333)">Reserva Huitepec</a>, 16°46’06”N, 92°41’04”W, 8000 ft. (= 2440 m), Malaise trap, 2–14.viii.1997, coll. Woolley, González &amp; Galdamez.</p> <p>Description. Female. Body length (without ovipositor) about 16.5 mm. Fore wing length 12.3 mm.</p> <p>Head roundly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view. Mandible punctate and matt in basal half, with upper tooth broader and slightly longer than lower tooth. Malar space 0.15× as long as basal mandibular width. Clypeus 2.2× as broad as long, apically bilobate. Face transverse, almost 0.8× as long as broad. Antenna with scape very obliquely truncate, angled at about 45°; flagellum with 30 flagellomeres. Lateral ocellus separated from eye margin by 1.05× maximum diameter of lateral ocellus. Face, frons, vertex and gena finely punctate, smooth between punctures (punctures sparser on vertex and gena).</p> <p>Epomia distinct, curved. Pronotum smooth, peripherally finely punctate. Mesoscutum finely punctate, smooth between punctures, with moderately dense setae (centrally punctures and setae sparser). Notaulus rather deep in anterior 0.3 of mesoscutum. Epicnemial carina well developed ventrally and laterally. Mesopleuron and propodeum mostly finely punctate, smooth and shining between punctures. Metapleuron polished, impunctate. Submetapleural carina virtually absent, represented as small tubercle anteriorly. Propodeum almost ecarinate, lateromedian longitudinal carinae completely absent, only lateral longitudinal carinae developed posteriorly. Metapleuron separated from propodeum by thin and sharp furrow, without distinct carina. Propodeal spiracle slightly elongate, situated distinctly above pleural furrow.</p> <p>Fore wing with 1cu-a (nervulus) opposite to M&amp;RS (basal vein). Hind wing with nervellus intercepted in upper 0.35–0.4, distal section of CU distinct. Tarsal claw strongly curved, with large acute basal lobe.</p> <p>Metasoma depressed. First tergite 1.2× as long as posteriorly broad, with lateromedian longitudinal carinae developed in basal 0.4–0.5, and lateral longitudinal carinae developed basally and apically, indistinct medially (behind spiracle). Second tergite as long as broad posteriorly, with weak but distinct oblique grooves anterolaterally, with a pair of conspicuous lateral swellings, smooth, with moderately large punctures, impunctate and matt on posterior about 0.25. Tergites 3–5 with conspicuous lateral swellings, with posterior impunctate 0.25 matt. Ovipositor decurved, at apex with weak but distinct nodus dorsally and oblique teeth ventrally; its sheath about 1.5× as long as fore wing.</p> <p>Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Clypeus and base of mandible brownish black. Palpi whitish. Antenna black. Tegula white basally and brownish black on apical 0.4. Pterostigma brownish black. Wings yellow. Legs yellowish orange; fore coxa, trochanter and trochantellus whitish. Ovipositor sheath black with slight metallic reflection.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. Named in honor of the late British entomologist, Ian D. Gauld, who made a great contribution to the study of Mesoamerican Ichneumonidae.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Chiapas).</p> <p>Comparison. This is a very distinct species which may easily be recognised by the entirely black body without any pale markings, yellowish wings, reddish orange legs with only fore coxa, trochanter and trochantellus whitish, dull impunctate posterior band on tergites 3–5 and large size of the body. It differs from eight Nearctic congeners by absence of the submetapleural carina, and from three other Mexican species by characters given in the key.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFBCFFCB41A7F121FAD3FC1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFB3FFCB41A7F7E7FCBFFA8D.text	720187E4FFB3FFCB41A7F7E7FCBFFA8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liotryphon petulcus (Cresson 1872)	<div><p>3. Liotryphon petulcus (Cresson, 1872)</p> <p>Pimpla petulca Cresson 1872: 165 [holotype ♀ (USNM), USA, Texas, Bosque Co., coll. G.W. Belfrage].</p> <p>References. Morley 1914: 26 [Exeristes; remarks]. Cresson 1916: 49 [holotype ♀ (USNM), USA, Texas]. Townes &amp; Townes 1951: 188 [Calliephialtes; catalogue]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 97 [Apistephialtes; description; USA (Texas), Mexico (Michoacán)]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 12 [catalogue; Mexico]. Carlson 1979: 327 [catalogue]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p> <p>Distribution. USA (Texas, Kansas), Mexico (Michoacán).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFB3FFCB41A7F7E7FCBFFA8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFB3FFC941A7F157FCFCFC1D.text	720187E4FFB3FFC941A7F157FCFCFC1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liotryphon tamajalus Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino 2022	<div><p>4. Liotryphon tamajalus Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 33–36)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype female (UAT), Mexico, Tamaulipas, 6 km NE of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.7075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.602083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.7075/lat 23.602083)">Miquihuana</a>, 23°36.125’N, 99°42.45’W, 2200–2300 m, 24.x.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim.</p> <p>Paratype. MEXICO. Jalisco: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 10 km S of Tequila, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.79" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.85/lat 20.79)">Mt. Tequila</a>, 20°47.4’N, 103°51’W, 2750–2850 m, 7.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim.</p> <p>Description. Female. Body length 10.8 mm. Fore wing length 9.2 mm.</p> <p>Head roundly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view. Mandible punctate in basal half, with upper tooth subequal to lower tooth. Malar space 0.2–0.3× as long as basal mandibular width. Clypeus almost twice as broad as long, apically bilobate. Face transverse, almost 0.8× long as broad. Antenna with scape very obliquely truncate, angled at about 45°; flagellum with 26 flagellomeres. Lateral ocellus separated from eye margin by 1.2× maximum diameter of lateral ocellus. Face, frons, vertex and gena finely punctate, smooth between punctures (punctures sparser on vertex and gena). Occipital carina complete, dorsally weak.</p> <p>Epomia distinct, curved. Pronotum polished, peripherally finely punctate. Mesoscutum finely punctate, smooth between punctures, with moderately dense setae. Notaulus rather deep in anterior 0.25 of mesoscutum. Epicnemial carina well developed ventrally and laterally. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum mostly finely punctate, smooth and shining between punctures. Submetapleural carina virtually absent, represented by a small tubercle anteriorly. Propodeum almost ecarinate, lateromedian longitudinal carinae completely absent, only lateral longitudinal carinae developed posteriorly. Metapleuron separated from propodeum by thin and sharp furrow, without distinct carina. Propodeal spiracle situated distinctly above pleural furrow.</p> <p>Fore wing with 1cu-a (nervulus) opposite or somewhat distad to M&amp;RS (basal vein). Hind wing with nervellus intercepted in upper 0.4, distal section of CU distinct. Tarsal claw strongly curved, with large acute basal lobe.</p> <p>Metasoma depressed. First tergite almost as long as posteriorly broad, with lateromedian longitudinal carinae developed in basal 0.4–0.5, and lateral longitudinal carinae developed basally and apically, indistinct medially (behind spiracle). Second tergite slightly transverse, without distinct oblique grooves anterolaterally, smooth, with moderately large punctures, impunctate on posterior about 0.25. Third tergite 0.75× as long as broad. Tergites 3–5 with conspicuous lateral swellings. Ovipositor more or less straight, apically slightly decurved (Fig. 33), with weak nodus dorsally and oblique teeth ventrally (Fig. 36); its sheath about 1.3× as long as fore wing.</p> <p>Head and mesosoma black. Clypeus and mandible (except teeth) dark reddish brown. Palpi white. Antenna black. Pronotum with white stripe on its upper margin extending forward from its hind corner to almost base of notaulus (Fig. 34). Tegula white. Pterostigma brown. Legs reddish orange; trochanter and trochantellus of fore leg and trochantelli of mid and hind legs more or less whitish; hind tibia infuscate. First metasomal tergite and ovipositor sheath black, tergites 2+ brownish black.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Variation. The paratype is very similar to the holotype but is smaller, with body length 8.2 mm and fore wing length 7.0 mm, flagellum with 24 segments, second tergite 0.8× and third tergite 0.7× as long as broad posteriorly.</p> <p>Etymology. Combination of names of the states Tama[ulipas] and Jal[isco] where the holotype and paratype specimens were collected from.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jalisco).</p> <p>Comparison. The new species differs from eight Nearctic congeners by lack of the submetapleural carina, and from three other Mexican species by characters given in the key.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFB3FFC941A7F157FCFCFC1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFB1FFCE41A7F7E7FA0BFDF9.text	720187E4FFB1FFCE41A7F7E7FA0BFDF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus Hartig 1838	<div><p>Genus Scambus Hartig, 1838</p> <p>Scambus Hartig 1838: 267.</p> <p>Type species: Scambus sagax Hartig, 1838, by subsequent designation (Viereck 1914: 131).</p> <p>Synonyms:</p> <p>Ateleophadnus Cameron, 1905.</p> <p>Epiurus Förster, 1869 (name preoccupied by Rafinesque, 1815).</p> <p>Erythroscambus Walley, 1960.</p> <p>Lissoscambus Walley, 1960.</p> <p>Pseudopoemenia Kiss, 1924.</p> <p>Troctocerus Woldstedt, 1876.</p> <p>Tromera Förster, 1869.</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1951: 185 [catalogue; 13 species in America north of Mexico]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 15 [revision of 5 subgenera and 26 species (2 subgenera and 13 species described as new) from America north of Mexico; key]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 9 [catalogue; 3 subgenera and 9 species in Neotropical region; 7 species in Mexico]. Townes 1969: 69 [description; distribution]. Carlson 1979: 322 [catalogue; 5 subgenera and 27 species in America north of Mexico]. Gauld 1991: 167 [description; review of 6 species (all described as new) from Costa Rica; key]. Gauld et al. 1998: 17 [6 species in Costa Rica; key]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; 10 species in Mexico]. Gauld et al. 2002: 33 [review of 4 species from El Salvador (1 described as new); key]. Khalaim 2010: 209 [1 new species from Costa Rica]. Gómez &amp; Yabar-Landa 2015 [2 new species from Peru; key to 15 Neotropical species].</p> <p>Scambus is a large predominantly Holarctic genus comprising about 90 distinct species, and taxonomical status of about 50 species is uncertain (Yu et al. 2016). In South America the genus appears to be uncommon being represented by only four species (Gómez &amp; Yabar-Landa 2015). Eight species are known from Central America and about ten species were reported from Mexico (Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002).</p> <p>Townes (Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 25) mentioned two undescribed Mexican species similar to S. arizonensis. Scambus coxatus (Smith), mentioned by Townes in the catalogue of Neotropical Ichneumonidae (Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 10) actually belongs to Calliephialtes (see Gauld 1991: 169, 185).</p> <p>Three Mexican species, S. flavipes (Cameron), S. mexicanus (Cameron) and S. montezuma (Cameron), are known to us only from their brief descriptions, and therefore these species are not included to the key. Type of S. mexicanus is lost, the taxonomic status of this species is uncertain, and therefore it is not included to the list of Mexican species. We were unable to associate six morphospecies to known Mexican species and therefore marked them by letters A to F. When types of the three Cameron species deposited in the BMNH collection are examined, these morphospecies will be associated with our morphospecies, or described as new.</p> <p>The abundant Holarctic species S. vesicarius (Ratzeburg) was reported from Mexico in the checklist by RuízCancino et al. (2002). This record was based on a single male from the State of Durango which was preliminarily identified by D. R. Kasparyan as S. vesicarius. However, the presence of this species in Mexico requires confirmation based on the new material, especially on the collecting of females.</p> <p>Types of six Costa Rican species, S. emeritae Gauld, S. erasi Gauld, S. espinozai Gauld, S. basseyi Gauld, S. scotti Gauld and S. yalileae, deposited in the INBio collection, have been examined by the senior author. Scambus bassey was found to be conspecific with S. crassicauda (Cresson) (syn. nov.), and S. espinozai is probably a junior synonym of S. albipes (Cresson).</p> <p>One species, S. monroi Gauld et al., was described from El Salvador (Gauld et al. 2002); according to its original describtion, this species is similar to S. albipes and characterized by white hind coxa, ovipositor 2.4–2.5× as long as hind tibia, with apical denticles on the lower valve oblique (about 45° from horizontal), and propodeum with a broad longitudinal black mark extending from its base to apex.</p> <p>Thus, sixteen species of Scambus are recognized here in the fauna of Mexico, including six morphospecies, and excepting S. mexicanus and S. vesicarius.</p> <p>Species of Scambus are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of larvae of various holometabolous insects (mainly Lepidoptera) concealed in plant tissues; also known as facultative hyperparasitoids (Gauld 1991).</p> <p>Key to species of Scambus occurring in Mexico</p> <p>1. Mesosoma entirely black, excepting narrowly whitish posterior corner or dorsal margin of pronotum (Figs 55, 59). Mesoscutum more or less densely pubescent. Submetapleural carina present or absent......................................... 2</p> <p>- Mesosoma red, or red and black, at least mesopleuron extensively red marked (Figs 42, 51, 65, 70, 81, 84). Mesoscutum polished, with sparse setae. Submetapleural carina absent or incomplete......................................... 5</p> <p>2. Hind coxa unusually long, almost twice as long as broad (Fig. 61). Tergites 3 and 4 slightly transverse. Ovipositor thin and straight, as least as long as body (Fig. 60). [Tergites 2–8 dark reddish brown with black transverse posterior bands; black bands on tergites 5–8 more or less reduced medially (Fig. 60).]................................... 9. S. longicoxa sp. nov.</p> <p>- Hind coxa not unusually slender, about 1.5× as long as broad. Tergites 3 and 4 strongly transverse. Ovipositor slender or robust, distinctly shorter than body............................................................................. 3</p> <p>3. Submetapleural carina absent (Fig. 56). Fore coxa white (Fig. 55). First tergite with lateromedian carinae short, reaching 0.5 of the tergite. Tergites 2–4 with scattered sharp punctures, smooth and shining between punctures (Fig. 57). Ovipositor sheath 1.5–1.6× as long as hind tibia, or 0.7–0.8× as long as metasoma (Fig. 54)........................ 6. S. emeritae Gauld</p> <p>- Submetapleural carina complete. Fore coxa orange-brown. First tergite with lateromedian carinae longer, reaching 0.6–0.7 of the tergite. Tergites 2–4 densely punctate. Ovipositor sheath more than twice as long as hind tibia (Figs 38, 40).......... 4</p> <p>4. Notaulus deeply impressed, long, reaching centre of mesoscutum. Pterostigma pale yellow. Legs entirely reddish orange (Fig. 59).......................................................................... 8. S. irapuatoensis sp. nov.</p> <p>- Notaulus moderately strong, not reaching centre of mesoscutum. Pterostigma brown. Fore trochanter and trochantellus whitish, hind tibia with conspicuous white stripe on upper side, hind tarsomeres white basally and blackish apically............................................................................................ 3. S. aplopappi (Ashmead)</p> <p>5(1). Mesepimeron and propodeum black, metapleuron red or black (Figs 65, 70, 76). Hind leg with coxa and femur reddish orange............................................................................................. 6</p> <p>- Mesepimerom white or red, propodeum and metapleuron usually partly or entirely red (Figs 42, 51). Hind leg with coxa and femur orange or white................................................................................. 8</p> <p>6. Ovipositor sheath 1.3–1.5× as long as metasoma (Fig. 63). Malar space 0.4× as long as basal mandibular width in female and 0.3–04× in male. Mesopleuron ventrally more or less blackish (especially in males), sometimes entire ventral and lateroventral parts of mesopleuron black. Tergites 3–5 irregularly punctate basally in female (Fig. 66) and impunctate in male (more or less corrugate). Pterostigma pale yellow (Fig. 63). [Male with parameres apically broadly rounded.]........ 12. Scambus sp. B</p> <p>- Ovipositor sheath at most 1.2× as long as metasoma. Malar space 0.2–0.3× as long as basal mandibular width. Mesopleuron ventrally red, sometimes only mesosternal suture blackish. Tergites 3–5 distinctly punctate basally (or entirely) in female (Fig. 74), either punctate or impunctate in male. Pterostigma pale brown to brown (Figs 68, 72)........................... 7</p> <p>7. Metapleuron red (Fig. 70). Mesoscutum red but usually with central and posterior blackish marks (Fig. 69)................................................................................................... 13. Scambus sp. C</p> <p>- Metapleuron black (Fig. 76). Mesoscutum immaculately red (Fig. 77)............................ 14. Scambus sp. D</p> <p>8. Ovipositor strongly compressed, 2.0–2.5× as high as wide centrally, with ventral subapical teeth mostly subvertical, most proximal tooth subtending an angle of about 45º to axis of shaft (Figs 49, 82); sheath 0.5–0.8× as long as metasoma (Figs 47, 52, 80)............................................................................................. 9</p> <p>- Ovipositor weakly compressed, about 1.5× as high as wide centrally, with ventral subapical teeth mostly oblique, most proximal tooth subtending an angle of about 30º to axis of shaft (as in Figs 58, 67, 79); sheath 0.6–1.2× as long as metasoma...... 11</p> <p>9. Hind coxa and usually femur white (Fig. 52). Mesopleuron usually immaculately orange, without black markings; mesepimeron yellow (Fig. 52). Propodeum red, sometimes with median longitudinal blackish stripe.......... 5. S. crassicauda Cresson</p> <p>- Hind coxa and femur orange (femur apically narrowly whitish), distinctly differing from whitish hind trochanter, trochantellus and tibia (tibia with fuscous marks) (Figs 47, 80). Mesopleuron often conspicuously black-marked. Propodeum black or extensively black marked............................................................................. 10</p> <p>10. Fore and mid coxae white (Fig. 51). Pronotum tricoloured—black ventrally, orange centrally and white dorsally (Fig. 51). Scape and pedicel of antenna usually white ventrally. Malar space 0.3–0.4× as long as basal mandibular width. Submetapleural carina usually completely absent. [Ovipositor sheath 1.6–1.8× as long as hind tibia (Fig. 47). Male paramers apically long, pointed and usually decurved.]....................................................... 4. S. arizonensis Walley</p> <p>- Fore and mid coxae orange (Fig. 80). Pronotum black with white dorsal stripe (Fig. 81). Scape and pedicel of antenna black. Malar space 0.4–0.6× as long as basal mandibular width. Submetapleural carina present in anterior 0.2–0.3 of metapleuron as distinct tubercle. [Ovipositor sheath 1.55–1.9× as long as hind tibia. Propodeum black.].............. 15. Scambus sp. E</p> <p>11. Hind coxa and femur white; hind femur in female usually with fuscous stripes on inner and outer sides (Fig. 43). Hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu 1 absent or extremely indistinct (Fig. 44). [Female with tergite 6 apically strongly reduced (Fig. 45). Ovipositor sheath about as long as metasoma (Fig. 41). Mesopleuron orange, without black markings (Fig. 42). Propodeum blackish anteriorly. Male parameres apically narrow and ventrally concave, metasoma dark reddish brown to black.].......................................................................................... 1. S. albipes Cresson</p> <p>- Hind coxa and sometimes femur orange (Figs 46, 83). Hind wing with distal abscissa of Cu 1 distinct (Fig. 84).......... 12</p> <p>12. Mesosoma reddish orange, only propleuron and pronotum with blackish and white marks, and mesepimeron whitish (Fig. 46). Tergite 5 of metasoma not of weakly reduced apically. Ovipositor sheath 0.6–0.8× as long as metasoma (Fig. 46)........................................................................................... 2. S. albitibia (Morley)</p> <p>- Mesopleuron with dorsoposterior black mark (Fig. 84); propodeum extensively black marked to entirely black (Fig. 84). Tergite 5 of metasoma with hind smooth black margin sometimes entirely reduced. Ovipositor sheath 0.9–1.2× as long as metasoma (Fig. 83)........................................................................................... 13</p> <p>13. Tergite 5 of metasoma with hind smooth black margin entirely reduced. Propodeum red with black markings.................................................................................................. 11. Scambus sp. A</p> <p>- Tergite 5 of metasoma with hind smooth black margin not or weakly reduced (Fig. 85). Propodeum black, sometimes with lateral sides reddish (Fig. 84)............................................................. 16. Scambus sp. F</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFB1FFCE41A7F7E7FA0BFDF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFB6FFCE41A7F69FFE6CF908.text	720187E4FFB6FFCE41A7F69FFE6CF908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus albipes (Cresson 1874)	<div><p>1. Scambus albipes (Cresson, 1874)</p> <p>(Figs 41–45)</p> <p>Pimpla albipes Cresson 1874: 399 [♀ (ANSP), Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba].</p> <p>References. Cameron 1886: 267 [Pimpla; Mexico (Veracruz)]. Cresson 1916: 14 [lectotype ♀ (ANSP) designated; Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 77 [Scambus (Erythroscambus)]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 10 [catalogue; Scambus (Erythroscambus); Mexico]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico]. Gauld et al. 2002: 33 [El Salvador].</p> <p>Remarks. One Mexican specimen was compared with the holotype of S. espinozai Gauld from Costa Rica, and these specimens were found to be very similar, except the propodeum which is more or less entirely black in S. espinozai and predominantly red in Mexican specimens. Scambus espinozai probably is a junior synonym of S. albipes but we do not synonymize this species here while the Nearctic material of S. albipes is not studied.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Nuevo León: 1 ♀ (FSCA) Mesa de Chipinque, 17–18.viii.1984, coll. L. Stange &amp; C. Porter. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) SSW Cd. Victoria, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.21243&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.6227" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.21243/lat 23.6227)">Rancho Santa Elena</a>, 23º37.362’N, 99º12.746’W, 970 m, Malaise trap, 1–18.i.2011, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino &amp; A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (ZISP) 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, 16–18.xii.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim (compared with S. espinosai holotype). 1 ♀ (ZISP) same data, but 12.i.2013. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality, 9.xii.1984, coll. J. Ruíz-Cancino &amp; S. Arrambide. 2 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 29.i.1985, coll. J. Ruíz-Cancino. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality, 28.iv.1985, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 16.xi.1985, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino &amp; S. Arrambide. 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 23.xii.1987, coll. E. &amp; H. Ruíz-Cancino. Jalisco: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 10 km S of Tequila, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.79" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.85/lat 20.79)">Volcán de Tequila</a>, 20°47.4’N, 103°51’W, 2750–2850 m, 7.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Veracruz: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Orizaba, 2500 ft. (= 765 m), 13.ii.1954, coll. R. R. Dreisbach. Oaxaca: 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (UNAM) Santiago Comaltepec, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.3695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.62661" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.3695/lat 17.62661)">La Esperanza</a>, 17.62661ºN, 96.36950ºW, 1600 m, Malaise trap, 1–10.vii.2008, coll. A. López García. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 50 km ESE of Comitán, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.705154&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.10655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.705154/lat 16.10655)">National Park Lagos de Montebello</a>, 16.106551, -91.705158, 1500 m, 8.viii.2021, coll. A.I. Khalaim. GUATEMALA. 3 ♀ (AEIC) Quetzaltenango Department, Zunil, 2200 m, 7.ix.1987, coll. M.J. Sharkey.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas), Guatemala, El Salvador. First record from Guatemala.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFB6FFCE41A7F69FFE6CF908	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFB6FFCC41A7F2ECFF76FA7B.text	720187E4FFB6FFCC41A7F2ECFF76FA7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus albitibia (Morley 1914)	<div><p>2. Scambus albitibia (Morley, 1914)</p> <p>(Fig. 46)</p> <p>Epiurus albitibia Morley 1914: 87 [holotype ♀ (BMNH), Mexico, Guerrero, Chilpancingo, 4600 ft. (= 1400 m); ♀ ♂, Mexico, Guerrero, 2800–8000 ft. (= 855–2440 m): Amula, Omiltemi, Venta de Zopilote, Xucumanatlán].</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 77 [Scambus (Erythroscambus)]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 10 [catalogue; Scambus (Erythroscambus); Mexico]. Cave 1992: 596 [Honduras; host, biology]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico]. Gauld et al. 2002: 33 [El Salvador].</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) Hidalgo, Santa Engracia, Malaise trap, 19.xi.1994, coll. C.A. Covarrubias D. &amp; S. Hernández A. 1 ♀ (UAT) SW of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.39888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.401333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.39888/lat 23.401333)">Jaumave</a>, 23°24.08’N, 99°23.933’W, 400 m, 24.x.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (UAT) 17 km N of Palmillas, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.557335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.449917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.557335/lat 23.449917)">Ejido Magdaleno Aguilar</a>, 23°26.995’N, 99°33.440’W, 1450 m, pine forest + juniper, Malaise trap, 30.viii–12.ix.2012, coll. S. Mireles C. &amp; A.J. Rodriguez M. Nayarit: 1 ♀ (EMEC) Maria, 27.vii.1955, coll. B. Malkin. Jalisco: 46 ♀ (2 ♀ in AEIC, 2 ♀ in FSCA, 2 ♀ in TAMU, 2 ♀ in UNAM, 23 ♀ in ZISP) 10 km S of Tequila, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.79" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.85/lat 20.79)">Volcán de Tequila</a>, 20°47.4’N, 103°51’W, 2750–2850 m, 7.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Querétaro: 1 ♀ (UNAM) Amealco, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-100.110275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.136667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -100.110275/lat 20.136667)">San Pedro Tenango</a>, 20°08’12”N, 100°06’37”W, 2520 m, 24.x.2007, coll. H. Brailovsky &amp; L. Cervantes. 1 ♀ (UAQ) Municipio Colón, Pinar del Zamorano, 29.iii.2004, coll. F. Espinosa. 4 ♀ (UAQ) Municipio Colón, 6 km NE of Los Trigos, Cerro El Zamorano Mt., 24.ii.1997, coll. M. Gálvez et al. Guanajuato: 1 ♀ (AEIC) San Miguel de Allende, 5.vii.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch. Michoacán: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Tancítaro, 6586 ft. (= 2010 m), 17.vii.1940, coll. Hoo [illegibly] Knight, “ Homotype det. H.K. Townes”. Puebla: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 4.4 mi. SW of Acatepec, 9.vii.1981, coll. Bogar, Schaffner &amp; Friedlander. Veracruz: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Orizaba, 14.xi.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch. Morelos: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Tepoztlán, 20.viii.1956, coll. R. &amp; K. Dreisbach, “ Homotype det. H.K. Townes”. 1 ♀ (CIUM) ESE of Cuautla, Amilcingo, 17.xi.1991, coll. J. Flores. 3 ♀ (2 ♀ in CIUM, 1 ♀ in UAT) Yautepec, Rancho Coatlán Grande, 26.ix.1991, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♂ (CIUM) Cuernavaca—Mexicapa, 2100 m, 24.[illegibly].1991, coll. G. Peña. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 4.4 mi. E of Cuernavaca, Malaise trap, 27–29.vii.1976, coll. Peigler et al. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (UAT) San Cristóbal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.68445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.768333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.68445/lat 16.768333)">Reserva Cerro El Huitepec</a>, 16°46’06”N, 92°41’04”W, 7900 ft. (= 2410 m), Malaise trap, 20.ix.1995, coll. O. Gómez &amp; M. Girón. HONDURAS: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (FSCA) Francisco Morazán, Cerro Uyuca, 2000 m, 3.xii.1989, coll. V. &amp; S. Gupta.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Head black. Scape and pedicel of antenna white, flagellum orange. Mesosoma reddish orange; propleuron blackish; pronotum with anterior lower part blackish, dorsoposteriorly whitish; mesepimeron whitish. Tegula white. Pterostigma pale brown. Fore and mid legs predominantly whitish (especially coxae, trochanters and trochantelli). Hind leg with coxa and femur orange (femur apically whitish); trochanter, trochantellus, tibia and tarsus whitish; tibia slightly infuscate apically. Metasoma reddish brown, darkened posteriorly. Malar space very short, about 0.1× as long as basal mandibular width. Submetapleural carina as a short tubercle anteriorly. Nervellus intercepted in lower 0.3–0.35. Tergites 1–5 distinctly transverse, strongly and densely punctate, with hind margins not reduced; tergite 6 with hind margin weakly reduced. Ovipositor weakly compressed, with nodus, with upper margin somewhat concave behind nodus; ventral teeth strongly oblique. Ovipositor sheath 0.6–0.8× as long as metasoma.</p> <p>Scambus albitibia is similar to S. hirticauda (Provanvher) occurring in Canada and USA but differs from this species by the following features:</p> <p>1. Ovipositor not especially thickened apically, its sheath 0.6–0.8× as long as metasoma. Mesosoma reddish orange, only propleuron and pronotum with blackish and white marks..................................... S. albitibia (Morley)</p> <p>- Ovipositor apically spear-shaped, with raised nodus, its sheath 1.0–1.2× as long as metasoma. Mesosoma reddish orange with black markings on mesopleuron and propodeum. [Canada, USA (California, Arizona). Not recorded from Mexico.]...................................................................................... S. hirticauda (Provancher)</p> <p>Variation. Female from Amilcingo in Morelos possesses hind tarsi with tarsomeres unusually short, probably abnormal.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nayarit, Jalisco, Querétaro, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Puebla, Veracruz, Guerrero, Morelos, Chiapas), Honduras, El Salvador.</p> <p>Biology. Reared from Mocis latipes (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Oryza sativa L. and Digitaria sp. (Poaceae) in Honduras (Cave 1992). The parasitoid attacks host larva, and 1 to 24 adult parasitoids emerge from each pupa. Several cases of multiparasitism of S. albitibia and Lespesia parviteres (Aldrich &amp; Webber) (Tachinidae) were registered. Only one adult of L. parviteres and 2 to 10 adults of S. albitibia emerged from each host (Cave 1992).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFB6FFCC41A7F2ECFF76FA7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FFB4FFCC41A7F20CFD8AF944.text	720187E4FFB4FFCC41A7F20CFD8AF944.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus aplopappi (Ashmead 1890)	<div><p>3. Scambus aplopappi (Ashmead, 1890)</p> <p>(Fig. 38)</p> <p>Pimpla aplopappi Ashmead 1890: 446 [holotype ♀ (USNM), USA, California, Los Angeles, ex lepidopterous gall on Aplopappus squamosa, coll. D.W. Coquillett].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FFB4FFCC41A7F20CFD8AF944	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF8BFFF341A7F583FE43F821.text	720187E4FF8BFFF341A7F583FE43F821.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus arizonensis Walley 1960	<div><p>4. Scambus arizonensis Walley, 1960</p> <p>(Figs 47–51)</p> <p>Scambus (Lissoscambus) arizonensis Walley in Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 25 [holotype ♀ (AEIC), USA, Arizona, Sierra Ancha, Parker Creek, 20.iv.1947, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes; USA (Arizona, Colorado), Mexico (Mexico City, 8000 ft. (= 2440 m); State of Mexico, “ W. Cortez Pass ”, 8500 ft. (= 2590 m)].</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 9 [catalogue; Scambus (Lissoscambus); Mexico]. Carlson 1979: 322 [catalogue; Scambus (Lissoscambus)]. Townes &amp; Townes 1983: 25 [type in AEIC]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Durango: 1 ♀ (AEIC) 9 mi. W of La Ciudad Durango, 8800 ft. (= 2685 m), 11.vii.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) km 16 Palmillas—Miquihuana, 2.xi.1988, coll. R. Thompson F. 1 ♀ (UAT) 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, 27–31.xii.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (ZISP) same data, but 26.i.2013. 4 ♀ (UAT) same locality, 19.xii.1984, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino &amp; S. Arrambide. 2 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 16.xi.1985, coll. S. Arrambide. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality, 26.xii.1985, coll. J. Ruíz-Cancino. 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 1400 m, 20.i.2000, coll. J.A. Martinez Ramírez. 1 ♀ (UAT) Tula, Ejido Acahuales, 1400 m, oak-forest, Malaise trap, 10–28.x.2016, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. Guanajuato: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 3.6 mi. NE of Guanajuato, 5.vii.1985, coll. Jones &amp; Schaffner. Querétaro: 1 ♀ (UAQ) Municipio Colón, 6 km NE of Los Trigos, Cerro El Zamorano Mt., 24.ii.1997, coll. M. Gálvez et al. Michoacán: 2 ♀ (TAMU) 6 mi. N of Cherán, 8.vii.1985, coll. J.B. Woolley &amp; G. Zolnerowich. Hidalgo: 1 ♀ (UAT) 8 km N of Pachuca de Soto, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.7425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.19" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.7425/lat 20.19)">National Park El Chico</a>, 20°11.4’N, 98°44.55’W, 2950–3000 m, 27.iii.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 2 ♀ (UAT, ZISP) same data, but 2800–2900 m, 18–22.xii.2014. D.F.: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Desierto de los Leones, 2900 m, 13.x.1962, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. Tlaxcala: 1 ♀ (UAT) 15 km SSE of Apizaco, north slope of La Malinche volcano, 3300 m, pine forest, 19.iv.2022, A.I. Khalaim. Puebla: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Choula, 8.xi.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 2 mi. SW of La Cumbre, 4900 ft. (= 1495 m), 23.vii.1987, coll. R. Wharton. Guerrero: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 6.6 mi. SW of Filo de Caballo, 12.vii.1985, coll. Jones &amp; Schaffner. 4 ♀ (TAMU) 6.4 mi. SW of Filo de Caballo, 9000 ft. (= 2745 m), 8.vii.1987, coll. J.B. Woolley &amp; G. Zolnerowich. 1 ♀ (TAMU) 5 mi. SW of Filo de Caballo, 8000 ft. (= 2440 m), 7.vii.1984, coll. J.B. Woolley. Oaxaca: 1 ♀ (UNAM) Santiago Comaltepec, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.3695&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.02661" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.3695/lat 17.02661)">La</a> Esperanza, 17.02661°N, 96.36950°W, 1600 m, Malaise trap, 2–12.viii.2008, coll. A. López García. 3 ♀ (2 ♀ in UNAM, 1 ♀ in ZISP) same data, but 10–20.vi.2008. Chiapas: 1 ♂ (UAT) Balun Canal, Tenejapa, 17.vii.1997, coll. A. González H. 1 ♀ (TAMU) Parque Nacional Lagunas de Montebello, near Cinco Lagos, at light, 5.viii.1991, coll. R. W. Jones &amp; C. Mayorga. 1 ♀ (UNAM) Cacahoatlán, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.14389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.134167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.14389/lat 15.134167)">Ejido Benito Juárez</a>, 1705 m, 15º08’03”N, 92º08’38”W, 7.x–7.xi.2018, coll. R. Cancino &amp; A.M. Luna. USA. Arizona: 1 ♀ (AEIC) “ParkerCrAriz Serra Ancha Apr 29-1947 H&amp;M Townes”, “ Scambus arizonensis P-type Wly.” GUATEMALA. 1 ♀ (AEIC) San Marcos Department, San Antonio Sacatepécuez, 2500 m, 8.ix.1087, coll. M.J. Sharkey. 1 ♀ (UCR) Sacatepécuez Department, Sumpango, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-90.71992&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.671534" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -90.71992/lat 14.671534)">Durwest Farm</a>, 14°40.292’N, 90°43.195’W, 5985 ft. (= 1800 m), Malaise trap, [date absent], coll. M. Hoddley. HONDURAS. 1 ♀ (FSCA) Francisco Morazán, San Antonio de Oriente, Cerro Uyuca, cloud forest, Malaise trap, 29.v–4.vi.1990, coll. R. Cave.</p> <p>Additional material. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) 6 km NE of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.7075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.602083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.7075/lat 23.602083)">Miquihuana</a>, 23°36.125’N, 99°42.45’W, 2200–2300 m, 24.x.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim.</p> <p>Variation. One female from Miquihuana is similar to other material of S. arizonensis but possesses longer ovipositor and malar space.</p> <p>Distribution. USA (Arizona, Colorado), Mexico (Durango, Tamaulipas, Guanajuato, Querétaro, Michoacán, Hidalgo, D.F., Mexico, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras. First record from Guatemala and Honduras.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF8BFFF341A7F583FE43F821	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF89FFF141A7F4A2FC5AFE84.text	720187E4FF89FFF141A7F4A2FC5AFE84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus crassicauda (Cresson 1874)	<div><p>5. Scambus crassicauda (Cresson, 1874)</p> <p>(Figs 52, 53)</p> <p>Pimpla crassicauda Cresson 1874: 399 [♀ (ANSP), Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF89FFF141A7F4A2FC5AFE84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF89FFF041A7F271FE63FF49.text	720187E4FF89FFF041A7F271FE63FF49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus emeritae Gauld 1991	<div><p>6. Scambus emeritae Gauld, 1991</p> <p>(Figs 54–58)</p> <p>Scambus emeritae Gauld 1991: 171 [holotype ♀ (INBio), Costa Rica, San José Prov., Cerro de la Muerte, 20 km S of Empalme, 2800 m, ix.1988, coll. P. Hanson; ♀,? ♂].</p> <p>References. Gauld et al. 1998: 18 [in key; Costa Rica; host].</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 8 km NNE Miquihuana, 2200–2300 m, 5.xi.2013, coll. S.A. Belokobylskij. Jalisco: 1 ♀ (UAT) 10 km S of Tequila, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.79" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.85/lat 20.79)">Volcán de Tequila</a>, 20°47.4’N, 103°51’W, 2750–2850 m, 7.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim (compared with S. emeritae holotype). Puebla: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Cholula, 8.xi.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Puebla), Costa Rica. First record from Mexico.</p> <p>Biology. Reared from the gall of Eutreta sp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the stem of Ageratina sp. (Asteraceae) in Costa Rica (Gauld et al. 1998).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF89FFF041A7F271FE63FF49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF88FFF741A7F2DEFDC3FEF9.text	720187E4FF88FFF741A7F2DEFDC3FEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus flavipes (Cameron 1904)	<div><p>7. Scambus flavipes (Cameron, 1904)</p> <p>Epiurus flavipes Cameron 1904: 258 [♀ (BMNH), Mexico].</p> <p>References. Morley 1914: 29 [syn. of Exeristes coxata (Smith) (see Remarks under Calliephialtes coxata]. Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 77 [Scambus (Erythroscambus)]. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 10 [catalogue; syn. of Scambus coxatus (Smith) (see Remarks under Calliephialtes coxata)]. Gauld 1991: 169, 185 [Scambus, ex syn.]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico]. Gauld et al. 2002: 33 [El Salvador].</p> <p>Remarks. Gauld (1991: 175) noted that this species closely resembles the Costa Rican S. espinozai Gauld, but differs in having a distal abscissa of Cu 1 in the hind wing (absent in S. espinozai) and tergites 2–4 only with isolated coarse punctures centrally (far more densely punctate in S. espinozai). See also Remarks section under S. albipes.</p> <p>Scambus flavipes has hind coxa orange, metasoma blackish, second tergite subquadrate, almost 0.9× as long as broad and with scattered punctures centrally (Gauld et al. 2002).</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico, El Salvador.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF88FFF741A7F2DEFDC3FEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF8FFFF741A7F583FBF3F809.text	720187E4FF8FFFF741A7F583FBF3F809.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus irapuatoensis Khalaim & Ruiz-Cancino 2022	<div><p>8. Scambus irapuatoensis Khalaim &amp; Ruíz-Cancino, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 40, 59)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype female (EMEC), Mexico, Guanajuato, 18 mi. W of Irapuato, 24.vii.1954, coll. J.W. MacSwain &amp; E.I. Schlinger.</p> <p>Paratypes. MEXICO. Coahuila: 3 ♀ (2 in AEIC, 1 in ZISP) 6 mi. W of Saltillo, 5200 ft. (= 1585 m), 14– 20.vii.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch. Nuevo León: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 12.4 mi. NE of Dr. Arroyo, 7.vii.1986, coll. Schaffner &amp; Kovarik. Michoacán: 1 ♀ (EMEC) 10 km W of Zitácuaro, 11.vii.1951, coll. P.D. Hurd. México: 1 ♀ (UAT) Jilotepec, 14.vii.1992, coll. A.J. Guzmán Larralde. 1 ♀ (FSCA) ca. [San Gregorio] Atlapulco, 3000 m, 16.vi.1974, coll. C. Porter. Puebla: 1 ♀ (UAT) Cholula, pastos, en cultivo, 15.v.1992, coll. A.J. Guzmán Larralde. 8 ♀ (AEIC) Cholula, 8–11.xi.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch.</p> <p>Description. Female (Fig. 40). Fore wing length 7.6 mm.</p> <p>Body length 9.0 mm. Head in dorsal view almost twice as broad as long, strongly rounded behind eyes in dorsal view. Mandible weakly tapered towards apex, with upper tooth somewhat longer and much broader than the lower. Clypeus with lower margin medially strongly concave. Malar space about 0.3× as long as basal mandibular width. Face distinctly transverse, 1.45× as broad as medially high, weakly convex. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.3× its own maximum diameter. Head polished with fine and very sparse setiferous punctures.</p> <p>Mesoscutum polished, finely punctate and moderately densely pubescent. Epomia weak, curved. Notaulus deeply impressed, long, reaching centre of mesoscutum. Submetapleural carina distinct, complete; metapleuron rather short. Propodeum mediodorsally polished, laterally with shallow punctures; lateromedian longitudinal carinae represented by short ridges in anterior 0.2 of propodeum. Pleural carina present, fine but quite distinct behind propodeal spiracle. Legs slender, hind coxa 1.45× as long as maximally broad.</p> <p>Fore wing with 1cu-a (nervulus) opposite to M&amp;RS (basal vein). Hind wing with nervellus distinctly intercepted in posterior 0.4, distal section of CU weakly pigmented.</p> <p>First tergite 0.95×, second tergite 0.65× and third tergite 0.6× as long as posteriorly (maximally) broad. First tergite in profile with dorsal margin straight in basal 0.7, abruptly angled and slightly convex posteriorly; lateromedian carinae distinct in basal 0.7 of tergite; lateral longitudinal carina more or less complete, sometimes partly obliterated. Tergites 2–5 with distinct and dense punctures, with smooth or finely striate impunctate bands on posterior 0.2. Tergite 5 weakly and tergite 6 strongly emarginated posteromedially. Ovipositor straight, robust, moderately compressed, apically with weak nodus and about 8–9 oblique teeth on lower valve; most proximal teeth strongly oblique. Sheath 2.3× as long as hind tibia.</p> <p>Head black, clypeus and base of mandible dark reddish brown. Antenna black with slight brownish tinge. Mesosoma black with only hind corner of pronotum narrowly white (Fig. 59). Tegula white. Pterostigma pale yellow. Wings yellowish. Legs uniformly reddish orange, hind tarsomeres sometimes slightly infuscate apically (Fig. 59). Tergite 1 black. Following metasomal tergites reddish brown laterally to black medially, with posterior 0.2 black (black band more or less reduced medially on tergites 5 and 6).</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Coahuila, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, Michoacán, Mexico, Puebla).</p> <p>Comparison. Runs to S. canadensis Walley in couplet 10 of the key to the Nearctic species by Townes &amp; Townes (1960: 39), but differs from this species by the pale yellow pterostigma (brown in S. canadensis), uniformly reddish orange legs (with extensive blackish marking, see Fig. 320k in Townes &amp; Townes 1960: 616), white hind corner of pronotum, and propodeum with very short lateromedian longitudinal carinae.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF8FFFF741A7F583FBF3F809	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF8EFFF441A7F2C2FC22FBA9.text	720187E4FF8EFFF441A7F2C2FC22FBA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus longicoxa Khalaim & Ruíz-Cancino 2022	<div><p>9. Scambus longicoxa Khalaim, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 39, 60–62)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype female (TAMU), Mexico, Puebla, San Salvador, 22.vii.1987, coll. P. Kovarik. Paratype. MEXICO. Coahuila: 1 ♀ (UAT) Arteaga, El Tunal, 8.vii.2000, coll. C. Covarrubias D. Description. Female (Fig. 60). Fore wing length 5.0 mm.</p> <p>Body length 6.5 mm. Head in dorsal view 1.7× as broad as long, strongly rounded behind eyes in dorsal view. Mandible strongly tapered towards apex, with upper tooth somewhat longer than the lower. Clypeus medioventrally with rather deep concavity, lower margin medially strongly concave. Malar space 0.25× as long as basal mandibular width. Face transverse, 1.25× as broad as medially high, weakly convex. Lateral ocellus separated from eye by 1.1× its own maximum diameter. Head polished with fine and sparse punctures.</p> <p>Mesoscutum polished, finely punctate and moderately densely pubescent. Submetapleural carina distinct, complete. Propodeum mediodorsally polished, laterally with moderately large and shallow punctures; lateromedian longitudinal carinae represented by a pair of small swellings on extreme anterior margin of propodeum. Pleural carina present, fine but quite distinct behind propodeal spiracle. Legs slender, hind coxa unusually long, almost twice as long as maximally broad (Fig. 61). Fore wing with 1cu-a (nervulus) opposite to M&amp; RS (basal vein). Hind wing with nervellus distinctly intercepted in posterior 0.3, distal section of CU very weak.</p> <p>Metasoma long. First tergite 1.35×, second tergite 1.1×, third tergite 0.9× and fourth tergite 0.75× as long as posteriorly (maximally) broad. First tergite in profile weakly and evenly convex dorsally, with lateromedian carinae distinct in basal 0.5–0.6 of tergite; lateral longitudinal carina rather weak and inconspicuous behind spiracle, distinct at extreme posterior end of tergite. Tergites 3–5 with a pair of weak lateral convexities. Tergites 2–5 with shallow punctures which are denser laterally and sparse or almost absent on lateral convexities. Tergites 5 and 6 with apical smooth and black margin medially largely emarginated. Ovipositor very long and straight, slender, weakly compressed, apically with a small but conspicuous nodus and about 10 teeth on lower valve; most proximal teeth strongly oblique. Sheath 4.5× as long as hind tibia.</p> <p>Head black, clypeus and mandible dark reddish brown. Antenna black with slight brownish tinge. Mesosoma black with only hind corner of pronotum narrowly white. Tegula white. Pterostigma pale yellowish brown. Wings slightly brownish. Legs mostly orange, fore trochanter and trochantellus whitish ventrally, hind tibia whitish with fuscous subbasal and apical marks and stripe on ventral side. Hind tarsomeres more or less infuscate apically. Tergite 1 black; following metasomal tergites reddish brown, tergites 2–5 with posterior 0.2–0.25 black.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Variation. The paratype is conspicuously smaller than the holotype.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Coahuila, Puebla).</p> <p>Comparison. The new species belongs to the ephialtoides species-group and runs to S. ephialtoides in the key to Nearctic species by Townes &amp; Townes (1960). Scambus longicoxa sp. nov. differs from S. ephialtoides by the ovipositor sheath with long setae, propodeum without lateromedian longitudinal carinae, whitish hind corner of pronotum and all coxae reddish brown with the same colour as femora.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF8EFFF441A7F2C2FC22FBA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF8CFFF441A7F0B3FE53F93B.text	720187E4FF8CFFF441A7F0B3FE53F93B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus mexicanus (Cameron 1886)	<div><p>Scambus mexicanus (Cameron, 1886)</p> <p>Pimpla mexicana Cameron 1886: 266 [♀ (lost), Mexico, coll. Bilimek].</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 9 [catalogue; Scambus (? Lissoscambus); Mexico; type lost]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p> <p>Remarks. Taxonomical status of this species is uncertain, the type is lost. Cameron(1886:266) provided the following description of this species: “Nigra; tegulis palpisque albis; scutello, pedibus maculaque pleurali rufis; tibiis posticis albis, apice nigris; tarsis posticis pallidis, nigro annulatis; alis subfumatis, stigmate sordide testaceo.”, “Antennae scarcely so long as the abdomen; fuscous on the lower side (especially towards the base of the flagellum); covered with a microscopic pile. Head finely punctured, semiopaque. Mesonotum aciculate; pleurae shining, impunctate; a broad oblique reddish band proceeding from the tegulse to the hind coxae. Metathorax finely punctured, aciculate in the middle above. Abdomen closely and somewhat strongly punctured, the apices of the segments shining. Sheaths of the ovipositor thick, densely pilose, a little shorter than the tibiae.”</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF8CFFF441A7F0B3FE53F93B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF8CFFFB41A7F2CCFD9BFE31.text	720187E4FF8CFFFB41A7F2CCFD9BFE31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus montezuma (Cameron 1886)	<div><p>10. Scambus montezuma (Cameron, 1886)</p> <p>Pimpla montezuma Cameron 1886: 266 [♀ (BMNH), Mexico, D.F., Chapultepec, coll. Bilimek].</p> <p>References. Townes &amp; Townes 1966: 9 [catalogue; Scambus (Scambus); Mexico]. Ruíz-Cancino et al. 2002: 645 [checklist; Mexico].</p> <p>Remarks. Cameron (1986: 266) provided the following description of this species: “Identical in coloration with P. punicipes (black, with the legs red and the tegulae white), but smaller and narrower; the antennae shorter, being scarcely longer than the abdomen, while in P. punicipes they are nearly as long as the thorax and abdomen together; the ovipositor much longer, being fully three fourths of the length of the abdomen; the metanotum shining and impunctate; the petiole shining and scarcely punctured, and with an oblique punctured depression on each side at the apex above; the abdomen longer, the segments not so strongly punctured, and with a wider impunctate band at the apices; the wings have a darker tint, and have the stigma livid testaceous. The pleurae and head are punctured, but not strongly; palpi yellow; sheath of the ovipositor densely pilose.”</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (D.F.).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF8CFFFB41A7F2CCFD9BFE31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF82FFF941A7F31EFB8AFEDD.text	720187E4FF82FFF941A7F31EFB8AFEDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus undefined-A	<div><p>11. Scambus sp. A</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 2 ♀ (UAT) 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, 27.x.1984, 26.xii.1985, coll. J. &amp; E. Ruíz-Cancino. 1 ♂ (UAT) same locality, 28.iv.1985, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. Morelos: 1 ♀ (AEIC) 12 mi. E of Cuernavaca, 4200 ft. (= 1280 m), 12.viii.1954, coll. R. R. Dreisbach. Oaxaca: 1 ♂ (IPN) Cuilapam, nogal, Malaise trap, 9.iv.2005, coll. J.M. Maldonado. Chiapas: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 4 km W of San Cristóbal, San Felipe, 10–13.viii.1990, coll. J.B. Woolley. 1 ♀ (TAMU) same locality, 2200 m, oak-grass woodlands, 24– 28.viii.1990, coll. R. W. Jones. 1 ♀ (AEIC) San Cristóbal de las Casas, 7200 ft. (= 2200 m), 27.v.1969, coll. B. V. Petersen. GUATEMALA. 3 ♀ (2 in AEIC, 1 in UAT) Quetzaltenango Department, Zunil, 2200 m, 7.ix.1987, coll. M.J. Sharkey. 1 ♀ (AEIC) Sacatepéquez Department, near Antigua Guatemala, 1700 m, 23.xi.1986, coll. Sharkey.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Morelos, Oaxaca, Chiapas), Guatemala.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF82FFF941A7F31EFB8AFEDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF81FFF941A7F5A7FDC9FCA5.text	720187E4FF81FFF941A7F5A7FDC9FCA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus undefined-B	<div><p>12. Scambus sp. B</p> <p>(Figs 63–67)</p> <p>Material examined. Mexico. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) Miquihuana [Municipio], La Marcela, 2500 m, forest Pinus + Quercus, Malaise trap, 2.x–2.xi.2012, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino &amp; J. Treviño C. 5 ♀, 22 ♂ (4 ♀ and 21 ♂ in UAT, 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ in ZISP) Miquihuana, Aserradero, 4.xi.1988, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino, S. Arrambide &amp; R. Thompson F. 1 ♀, 5 ♂ (UAT) Miquihuana, La Puerta, 28.viii.1993, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. 3 ♂ (UAT) Miquihuana, km 11–12 La Peña—Aserradero, 24.x.2008, 9.ix.2011, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. 1 ♂ (UAT) Miquihuana, km 15 from La Peña, 2500 m, 16.viii.2000, coll. D. R. Kasparyan. 4 ♂ (UAT) 6 km NE of Miquihuana, 23°36.125’N, 99°42.45’W, 2200– 2300 m, 24.x.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♂ (UAT) same data, but coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. 1 ♀ (ZISP) 8 km NNE Miquihuana, 2200–2300 m, 5.xi.2013, coll. S.A. Belokobylskij.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF81FFF941A7F5A7FDC9FCA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF81FFF841A7F1C5FE8EFE81.text	720187E4FF81FFF841A7F1C5FE8EFE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus undefined-C	<div><p>13. Scambus sp. C</p> <p>(Figs 68–74)</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Sinaloa: 1 ♀ (EMEC) 8 mi. W of El Palmito, 6000 ft. (= 1830 m), 12.x.1975, coll. J. Powell, J.A. Chemsak, T. Eichlin &amp; T. Friedlander. Nuevo León: 1 ♀ (FSCA) Mesa de Chipinque, 17–18.viii.1984, coll. L. Stange &amp; C. Porter. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) Miquihuana, Aserradero, 4.xi.1988, coll. S. Arrambide. 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, 1400–1450 m, coll. A.I. Khalaim: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ (UAT) 16–31.xii.2008, 1 ♀ (UAT) 26.ii.2009, 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ (1 ♂ in UAT, 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ in ZISP) 12.i.2013, 1 ♂ (UAT) 26.i.2013, 1 ♀ (ZISP) 29.x.2013. 3 ♀ (UAT) same locality, 20.x.1984, 29.i.1985, 28.iv.1985, coll. J. &amp; H. Ruíz-Cancino. Jalisco: 2 ♂ (UAT, ZISP) 10 km S of Tequila, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.79" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.85/lat 20.79)">Volcán de Tequila</a>, 20°47.4’N, 103°51’W, 2750–2850 m, 7.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Hidalgo: 2 ♀ (UAT, ZISP) 8 km N of Pachuca de Soto, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.7425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.19" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.7425/lat 20.19)">National Park El Chico</a>, 20°11.4’N, 98°44.55’W, 2800–2900 m, 18–22.xii.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Mexico: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Hidalgo National Park, 3000 m, 12.x.1962, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. D.F.: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Desierto de los Leones, 2900 m, 13.x.1962, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. Tlaxcala: 1 ♀ (UAT) 15 km SSE of Apizaco, north slope of La Malinche volcano, 3300 m, pine forest, 19.iv.2022, A.I. Khalaim. Puebla: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Cholula, 9.xi.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch. GUATEMALA. 1 ♀ (AEIC) Quetzaltenango Department, Zunil, 2200 m, 7.ix.1987, coll. M.J. Sharkey.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Sinaloa, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Hidalgo, Mexico, D.F., Tlaxcala, Puebla), Guatemala.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF81FFF841A7F1C5FE8EFE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF80FFF841A7F551FD4BFDE6.text	720187E4FF80FFF841A7F551FD4BFDE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus undefined-D	<div><p>14. Scambus sp. D</p> <p>(Figs 75–79)</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria, El Madroño, coll. A.I. Khalaim: 1 ♀ (ZISP) 16–18.xii.2008, 2 ♀ (UAT, ZISP) 12.I.2013. 1 ♀ (UAT) same locality, 19.xii.1984, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. 1 ♀, 1 ♂ (UAT) Ocampo, Joya de Manantiales, 13.v.1995, coll. S. Niño M., C. Hernández V. &amp; H. HernándezMartinez. Querétaro: 1 ♀ (UAT) NW Jalpan de Serra, El Pilón, 29.ix.2012, coll. B. Camacho M.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Querétaro).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF80FFF841A7F551FD4BFDE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF87FFFF41A7F4A2FAB6FD35.text	720187E4FF87FFFF41A7F4A2FAB6FD35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus undefined-E	<div><p>15. Scambus sp. E</p> <p>(Figs 80–82)</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Coahuila: 4 ♀ (AEIC) 6 mi. W of Saltillo, 5200 ft. (= 1585 m), 14–21.vii.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch. Durango: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Durango, 6314 ft. (= 1925 m), 9.vii.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.7075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.602083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.7075/lat 23.602083)">6 km NE of Miquihuana</a>, 23°36.125′ N, 99°42.45′ W, 2200–2300 m, 24.x.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim. 1 ♀ (UAT) Miquihuana, 2500 m, pine forest, Malaise trap, 12–20.viii.2011, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino &amp; J. Treviño. 1 ♀ (UAT) Miquihuana, Aserradero, 4.xi.1988, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino. 1 ♀ (UAT) Miquihuana, Ejido La Marcela, 3200 m, Abies forest, Malaise trap, 16.v–26.vi.2017, coll. E. Ruíz-Cancino et al. Veracruz: 1 ♀ (AEIC) “Texpan” [Tuxpan], “8-12-54”, 7500 ft. (= 2290 m), coll. R. R. Dreisbach. Hidalgo: 1 ♀ (UAT) 8 km N of Pachuca de Soto, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.7425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.19" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.7425/lat 20.19)">National Park El Chico</a>, 20°11.4’N, 98°44.55’W, 2800–2900 m, 18–22.xii.2014, coll. A.I. Khalaim. D.F.: 5 ♀ (4 ♀ in AEIC, 1 ♀ in UAT) Mexico, 11.x.1962, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes. Tlaxcala: 1 ♀ (UAT) 15 km SSE of Apizaco, north slope of La Malinche volcano, 3200–3400 m, pine forest, 30.vii.2021, A.I. Khalaim. Puebla: 1 ♀ (TAMU) 6.4 mi. E of Azumbilla, 15.iv.1979, coll. T.P. Friedlander &amp; J.C. Schaffner.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Hidalgo, D.F., Tlaxcala, Puebla).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF87FFFF41A7F4A2FAB6FD35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
720187E4FF87FFFF41A7F266FBDBF865.text	720187E4FF87FFFF41A7F266FBDBF865.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scambus undefined-F	<div><p>16. Scambus sp. F</p> <p>(Figs 83–85)</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO. Tamaulipas: 1 ♀ (UAT) <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.7075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.602083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.7075/lat 23.602083)">6 km NE of Miquihuana</a>, 23°36.125′ N, 99°42.45′ W, 2200–2600 m, 24.x.2008, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Jalisco: 1 ♀ (UAT) 10 km S of Tequila, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.79" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.85/lat 20.79)">Volcán de Tequila</a>, 20°47.4’N, 103°51.0’W, 2750–2850 m, 7.ii.2009, coll. A.I. Khalaim. Hidalgo: 1 ♀ (ZISP) Huasca, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.52723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.13139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.52723/lat 20.13139)">Rancho Santa Elena</a>, 20º07’53”N, 98º31’38”W, 2500 m, 29.i–26.ii.2003, coll. Menchaca &amp; A. Contreras. 1 ♀ (UNAM) same data, but 7.xii.2002 – 9.i.2003. Tlaxcala: 2 ♀ (UNAM) Nanacamilpa, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.583336/lat 19.466667)">Ejido Los Búfalos</a>, 19°28’N, 98°35’W, 2830–2900 m, bosque Pino-Encino, Malaise trap, 4.iv–2.vi.2016, coll. Y. Marquez &amp; A. Contreras. 1 ♀ (UAT) same data, but 3– 30.vi.2016. Puebla: 2 ♀ (AEIC) Cholula, 8–9.xi.1972, coll. B. &amp; C. Dasch. Mexico: 1 ♀ (AEIC) Hidalgo National Park, 3000 m, 12.x.1962, coll. H. &amp; M. Townes.</p> <p>Distribution. Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, Puebla, Mexico).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/720187E4FF87FFFF41A7F266FBDBF865	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khalaim, Andrey I.;Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique	Khalaim, Andrey I., Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (2022): Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group. Zootaxa 5169 (3): 201-251, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1
