taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EC87837B61FFBD44D42C88FA9FFFD9.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B61FFBD44D42C88FA9FFFD9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ZUEC BRY 61, from the Río Negro, municipality of Iranduba, 6 km SW of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, 3 ˚ 9.792 S, 60 ˚ 3.821 ’ W (Site 9), collected 8 May 2018 by T. Wood and B. Okamura. Paratype: NHMUK 2021.11. 23.7 same details as holotype. Additional unregistered material from the Río Tapajos, 15 km N of Santarém, Pará State, Brazil, 2 ˚ 21.194 ’ S, 54 ˚ 44.879 ’ W (Site 13), collected 12 May 2020 by T. Wood and B. Okamura; also from Bongseon Reservoir, 7.3 km NE of Seocheon, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea, 36.125 ° N, 126.770 ° W, collected 12 October 2016 by Hyeon Sook Chae and Ho Jin Yang.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B61FFBD44D42C88FA9FFFD9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name honors Edson Adriano, Professor of Parasitology at Universidade Federal de São Paulo, organizer and leader of the two Amazon expeditions.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B61FFBD44D42C88FA9FFFD9.taxon	description	Description. Colonies composed of slender, branching tubules with widely spaced zooids; mostly adherent to the substratum but capable of developing free branches; tentacles numbering 18 – 22; statoblasts produced only in portions of the colony attached to the substratum, seldom more than one statoblast per zooid, a sharply defined reticulum covering both valves of the statoblast with interstices measuring 4 – 12 µm in diameter (Fig. 2 a, b).	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B61FFBD44D42C88FA9FFFD9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This was the most frequently encountered phylactolaemate species during our survey. Colonies appeared to have developed from larvae. They were generally small, with fewer than 20 zooids, and they were most abundant on submerged tree bark in calm waters. Fredericella adrianoi n. sp. is defined by the prominent statoblast reticulation with large interstices, which is qualitatively different from anything seen before. In other species with statoblast reticulation (F. indica, F. borealis, F. crenulata) the interstices are uniform in size, and so small that they often appear as a field of rounded depressions. Other fredericellid species fall into two groups based on statoblast morphology. In one group the statoblast surface is smooth and shiny with no trace of ornamentation (e. g. F. sultana and F. australiensis). In the other group the statoblasts are enveloped in a persistent, wrinkled membrane, a feature attributed only to F. browni (Rogick, 1945), but which may characterise other species not yet described. Statoblasts matching those of F. adrianoi n. sp. have been found in the Republic of Korea, Chungcheongnam-do District, Bongseon Reservoir, 7.3 km northeast of Seocheon (collected by Hyeon Sook Chae and Ho Jin Yang, see Fig. 2 c). It is assumed for now that this is a single species with a disjunct distribution, similar to Asajirella gelatinosa (Oka, 1891) occurring both in eastern Asia and Panama (Wood & Okamura 1999). However, cryptic speciation would not be unexpected, particularly as fredericellid populations exhibit relatively high genetic divergence (Hartikainen et al. 2013, Ruggeri et al. 2019). Future molecular characterization will be helpful to resolve this issue.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B60FFBB44D42D38FD13F951.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B60FFBB44D42D38FD13F951.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ZUEC BRY 62 from the Río Tapajos, 8 km N of Santarém, Pará State, Brazil, 2 ˚ 21.194 ’ S, 54 ˚ 44.879 ’ W (Site 16), collected 14 May 2018 by T. Wood and B. Okamura. Paratype: NHMUK 2021.11.23, same details as holotype. Colonies attached to emergent reeds, including floatoblasts but no sessoblasts.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B60FFBB44D42D38FD13F951.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name honors the Brazilian marine biologist, Diva Diniz Corrêa (1918 – 1993), whose close association with bryozoologists Ernst and Eveline Marcus inspired a lifetime of research on marine invertebrates.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B60FFBB44D42D38FD13F951.taxon	description	Description. Colony sparse and spreading across the substratum, with many upright and free branches, keel and furrow prominent along every tubule, ectocyst semitransparent with statoblasts easily visible inside; floatoblasts usually oval and elongate (Fig. 3 a), relatively small, about 423 µm long, but occasionally more broadly oval and less than 370 µm in length, dorsal fenestra less than half overall statoblast length, ventral fenestra dimensions slightly less than those of the capsule, both dorsal and ventral fenestrae strongly tuberculated (Fig. 3 b), floatoblast fenestra and annulus covered with raised lines that appear densely scattered, slightly contorted, and randomly oriented, measuring 0.2 – 2 µm in length and visible only by scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 3 c, d); sessoblasts unknown at this time. Floatoblast dimensions are shown in Table 1.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B60FFBB44D42D38FD13F951.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Other Amazon floatoblasts have a small dorsal fenestra, but all have an overall length greater than 400 µm and the fenestra is not so heavily tuberculated. In this species the small, broadly oval floatoblasts with small dorsal fenestra are unlike any other floatoblasts so far encountered in the Amazon. Similar floatoblasts have been collected (without colonies) from the Presidente Calles reservoir at San Jose de Gracia, Aguascalientes in central Mexico (Wood, unpublished). In that species, however, the floatoblast ventral fenestra is markedly smaller than the capsule.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B67FFBA44D42EB8FA17F8F8.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B67FFBA44D42EB8FA17F8F8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ZUEC BRY 60, from the Río Negro, municipality of Iranduba, 6 km SW Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, 3 ˚ 9.956 ’ S, 60 ˚ 3.264 ’ W (Site 9), collected 8 May 2018 by T. Wood and B. Okamura. Paratype: NHMUK 2021.11. 23.9, same details as holotype. Colonies attached to an abandoned foam rubber sandal, including floatoblasts but no sessoblasts. Additional unregistered material from the Río Tapajos, 10 km N of Santarem, Pará State, Brazil, 2 ˚ 19.700 ’ S, 54 ˚ 45.210 ’ W (Site 14), collected 14 May 2018 by T. Wood and B. Okamura. Colonies attached to emergent reeds, including floatoblasts but no sessoblasts.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B67FFBA44D42EB8FA17F8F8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name honors Hanna Hartikainen, an assistant professor at the University of Nottingham, who has substantially contributed to the understanding of phylactolaemate evolutionary ecology, diversification and interactions with myxozoan parasites.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B67FFBA44D42EB8FA17F8F8.taxon	description	Description. The colony spreads widely, with long branches adhering closely to the substratum, body wall soft, colorless, and transparent, with no trace of raphe or furrow (Fig. 4 a); floatoblasts elongate and often present a diamond shape, widest in the middle and curving gently to broadly rounded ends (Fig. 4 b), lateral profile showing floatoblast unusually thin and characterized by a suture that is entirely linear, not curved (Fig. 4 c, f), dorsal and ventral fenestrae similar in size, with the dorsal annulus encroaching just slightly more over the capsule (Fig. 4 b, d), both fenestrae bearing well defined, rounded tubercles (Fig. 4 e), polar grooves on the dorsal valve indistinct. Floatoblast dimensions are shown in Table 1.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B67FFBA44D42EB8FA17F8F8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This appears to be the same species noted and illustrated by Wiebach (1970) as Plumatella javanica from the Amazon Basin. That material had reported floatoblast dimensions of 460 by 260 µm, which conform to the measurements of P. hartikainenae n. sp. Corresponding dimensions for P. javanica are considerably smaller (Kraepelin 1906, Wood et al. 2006). Previously, Wiebach (1967) had suggested that P. javanica appears in many forms, so he was prepared to allow for this difference in floatoblast size. However, there is also a difference in the relative dimensions of the floatoblast ventral fenestra: large and oval in P. javanica but smaller and circular in P. hartikainenae n. sp.. So far, no bryozoans matching the holotype of P. javanica have been seen in South America.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B66FFBA44D42805FA19FC40.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B66FFBA44D42805FA19FC40.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ZUEC BRY 63 from the Río Negro, municipality of Iranduba, 4 km SW of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, 3 ° 9.956 ’ S, 60 ° 3.264 ’ W (Site 4), collected 5 May 2018 by T. Wood and B. Okamura. Paratype: NHMUK 2021.11.23, same details as holotype. Colonies attached to emergent reeds, including floatoblasts and sessoblasts.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B66FFBA44D42805FA19FC40.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name honors Mary Spencer Jones, a scientist at the Natural History Museum in London since 1984, and currently Senior Curator of the Bryozoa Section, in appreciation for her deep expertise and invaluable contributions to the study of marine and freshwater bryozoans.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B66FFBA44D42805FA19FC40.taxon	description	Description. Colony diffuse, spreading, with zooid tips, entire zooids, or sometimes even short branches raised above the substratum; body wall soft and semitransparent, with statoblasts still easily visible within; raphe apparently absent, but a transparent line (sometimes called a “ furrow ”) extending faintly along the top of the zooecial tubes; floatoblast valves irregularly shaped at the poles (Fig. 5 b, d), lateral profile showing distinct curvature towards the dorsal side (Fig. 5 c), ventral valve convex with the fenestra perimeter matching the capsule outline (Fig. 5 b), fenestra well tuberculated (Fig. 5 d, e), floatoblast dorsal valve slightly concave (Fig. 5 c), the fenestra slightly smaller than the capsule (Fig. 5 b) and the annulus encroaching uniformly all the way around; sessoblast frontal valves with tall, rounded tubercles (Fig. 5 f), annulus showing an indistinct pattern and bearing a slightly thickened rim (Fig. 5 g). Floatoblast dimensions are shown in Table 1.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B66FFBA44D42805FA19FC40.taxon	discussion	Remarks. At first glance this species bears a strong resemblance to P. hartikainenae n. sp. described above. In both species the colonies spread widely on unrestricted substrata, the body wall is colorless and nearly transparent, and the clearly visible floatoblasts appear dark and elongate. However, the straight lateral floatoblast profile in P. hartilainenae n. sp. is distinctive. Plumatella spencerjonesae n. sp. floatoblasts have somewhat irregular shape, a curved lateral profile, and a length: width ratio of 2, which is greater than any other plumatellid examined so far in the Amazon.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B65FFB844D42A27FAB4FA55.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. NHMUK 2021.11. 23.10, from the Río Negro, municipality of Iranduba, 6 km SW of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, 3 ° 9.792 ’ S, 60 ° 3.821 ’ W (Site 9), collected 8 May 2018 by T. Wood and B. Okamura.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B65FFB844D42A27FAB4FA55.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A previous sighting of this species in Brazil was in Sao Paulo State (Wood & Okamura, 2017). The geographic range also includes Thailand and Indonesia. This species is easily identified from the brooding of embryos as individual outgrowths from the parent zooid (Wood et al. 2006 a). Once the young polypide is fully formed the outgrowth detaches and swims away under the power of its own lophophore cilia. Timwoodiellina natans was originally placed in the Family Hislopidae based solely on colony morphology. When it became apparent that colonies brood their embryos instead of releasing microlecithal eggs a new genus was proposed, Natanella, under a new Family Natanellidae (Wood & Okamura 2017). However, d’Hondt (2014) had already reclassified the genus Natanella as a subgenus of Hislopia named Timwoodiellina. On the belief that the unique brooding structure in the species warrants further distance from Hislopia we propose to elevate Timwoodiellina to the full genus level. A recent molecular phylogeny of ctenostome bryozoans (Zhou 2020) shows Timwoodiellina clustering with hislopiid species, so we now return this species to the Family Hislopidae.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B64FFB844D42DA9FDDCF895.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. NHMUK 2021.11. 23.22 from the Río Negro, municipality of Iranduba, 4 km SW of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, 3 ° 9.956 ’ S, 60 ° 3.264 ’ W (Site 4), collected 5 May 2018 by T. Wood and B. Okamura. Colonies were attached to a disposable plastic plate.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B64FFB844D42DA9FDDCF895.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was previously known only from a lake on the campus of São Paulo University at Pirassununga, São Paulo State, Brazil (Wood & Okamura 2017). In the original description the colony ectocyst was described as “ well encrusted, giving it a velvety appearance ” (Wood & Okamura 2017). In the Amazon material the ectocyst was colorless and nearly transparent, but with distinct raphe and furrow. One feature of the floatoblast, shown but not emphasized in the original description, is the prominent polar groove at each end of the dorsal fenestra that is much wider than in most other plumatellids (Fig. 6 a). The slightly curved lateral profile of the floatoblast is shown in Fig. 6 b; the crenulated suture is easily seen in Fig. 6 c where it has a more serrated appearance. Floatoblast dimensions in Table 1 are consistent with those of the type material (Wood & Okamura 2017).	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B64FFB844D42A88FAADFCE2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Statoblasts from the Río Negro, 13 km NW of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil, 3 ° 0.099 ’ S, 60 ° 5.623 ’ W (Site 7), collected 6 May 2018 by T. Wood and B. Okamura.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
03EC87837B64FFB844D42A88FAADFCE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The slender statoblasts of this species, previously seen only in January, 2016 near Santarém (Wood & Okamura 2017), were encountered for the first time in the Río Negro near Manaus. While many appeared to be intact, they contained no living material. The canoe-like shape of these statoblasts is so unique that the species has been placed in its own family, Tapajosellidae. While colonies have not yet been found, the occurrence of statoblasts in a different season and in a new location suggests that they may be a constant presence in the Amazon.	en	Wood, Timothy S., Okamura, Beth (2022): Further species and range extensions of Amazonian bryozoans: chipping away at the iceberg. Zootaxa 5169 (4): 381-391, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.7
