identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
217A020B6E563F0FFF6C4DD2FDB8C866.text	217A020B6E563F0FFF6C4DD2FDB8C866.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclorhipidion druk Smith & Beaver 2022	<div><p>Cyclorhipidion druk Smith &amp; Beaver sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1‒4)</p> <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5686C839-BD36-4A9D-B347-A6FD6EA2A4FD</p> <p>Type material. Holotype, female: Bhutan, Gedu, 6.viii.[19]85, B.S. Padgham coll., ex Castanopsis CIE A 17491, NHMUK014591745 (NHML). Paratypes, as holotype except B.F. Padgham coll., NHMUK014591826 - NHMUK014591830 (NHML, 5).</p> <p>Diagnosis. 3.3−3.4 mm long (mean = 3.38 mm; n = 5); 2.75−2.83 × as long as wide. This species can be distinguished by the small size and stout form, obliquely truncate declivity with granulate margins, pronotum longer than wide and subquadrate from dorsal view (type 3); declivital interstriae with confused granules; declivital interstriae 2 weakly impressed.</p> <p>Similar species. Cyclorhipidion amasoides Smith, Beaver &amp; Cognato, C. amputatum Smith, Beaver &amp; Cognato, C. circumcisum (Sampson), C. muticum Smith, Beaver &amp; Cognato, C. truncaudinum Smith, Beaver &amp; Cognato, C. umbratum (Eggers), all of which are large and have an obliquely truncate or truncate elytral declivity.</p> <p>Description (female). 3.3−3.4 mm long (mean = 3.38 mm; n = 5); 2.75−2.83 × as long as wide. Appearing bicolored: body, antennae, legs, elytral base light red brown, declivity dark red brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes; surface subshining, impunctate, alutaceous, rugose. Eyes shallowly emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum narrow, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, as long as club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 as long as pedicel. Club approximately circular and flat, type 3; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying about basal 1/3; segment 2 narrow, corneous; segments 1‒2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 1.08 × as long as wide. In dorsal view subquadrate, sides convex, type 3, narrowly rounded anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view elongate with disc as long as anterior slope, type 7, disc flat, summit at midpoint. Anterior slope shagreened, with densely spaced, fine, narrow asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit, bearing long, fine, semi-recumbent, hair-like setae. Disc subshining, alutaceous, densely, finely punctate, finely setose, setae short, erect, hair-like. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles broadly rounded. Elytra: 1.75 × as long as wide, 1.62 × as long as pronotum. Scutellum large, broad, linguiform, shining, flush with elytra, flat. Elytral base transverse, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 4/5, then broadly rounded to apex. Disc flat, shining, striae and interstriae densely setose, setae long, semi-recumbent, hair-like, strial and interstrial punctures strongly confused, indistinguishable; striae and interstriae not impressed, minutely punctate, punctures separated by 1‒4 diameters of a puncture. Declivity occupying 1/3 of elytra, obliquely truncate, face weakly impressed along interstriae 2, shagreened, dull; 5 striae present, striae 1 distinctly impressed, striae 2 closer to striae 3 than striae 1, strial punctures large, distinct, shagreened, subcontiguous, much larger than on disc; interstriae 1, 3‒5 weakly convex, interstriae densely setose, setae long, semi-erect hair-like; interstriae impunctate, confusedly granulate, granules numerous on interstriae 1, 3‒5, moderately large and irregularly spaced; interstriae 2 granules smaller, less abundant than other interstriae. Posterolateral margin costate, granulate, extending laterally to interstriae 7; setose, setae long, fine, erect, hair-like. Legs: procoxae contiguous; prosternal coxal piece tall and pointed. Protibiae semi-circular with evenly rounded outer margin, broadest at apical 1/3; posterior face smooth; apical 1/3 of outer margin with 9 moderate socketed denticles, their length approximately as long as basal width. Meso- and metatibiae broad, flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with 17 and 12 moderate socketed denticles, respectively.</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan.</p> <p>Host plants. Castanopsis (Fagaceae).</p> <p>Etymology. Druk (Dzongkha) = Thunder Dragon. The Druk is a Bhutanese national symbol after which the country is named. Noun in apposition.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E563F0FFF6C4DD2FDB8C866	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E503F09FF6C4D9AFF31C97A.text	217A020B6E503F09FF6C4D9AFF31C97A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euwallacea insolitus Smith & Beaver 2022	<div><p>Euwallacea insolitus Smith &amp; Beaver sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 5‒8)</p> <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C268A443-EE7A-4892-BC62-BA81618D361A</p> <p>Type material. Holotype, female: Bhutan, Gedu, TDRI, 6.viii.[19]85, A.J, D.E. Padgham coll., ex Acer sp. CIE A17491, NHMUK014591818 (NHML).</p> <p>Diagnosis. 2.9 mm long (n = 1); 2.42 × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by its pronotum conical in dorsal view (type 0); obliquely truncate antennal club with two sutures on the posterior face (type 2); elytra unarmed by tubercles and granules, and posterolateral margin rounded.</p> <p>Similar species. Anisandrus Ferrari spp.</p> <p>Description (female). 2.9 mm long (n = 1); 2.42 × as long as wide. Body dark brown. Legs and antennae brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes; surface alutaceous, sparsely punctate, setose; punctures bearing a long, erect hair-like seta. Eyes shallowly emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum broadly triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick. Funicle 4-segmented. Club longer than wide, obliquely truncate, type 2; segment 1 corneous, transverse on anterior face, occupying basal half; segment 2 narrow, corneous; segments 1 and 2 present on posterior face. Pronotum: 0.92 × as long as wide. In dorsal view conical, type 0, sides convex, conical anteriorly; anterior margin without serrations. In lateral view tall, type 2, disc flat, summit at apical 2/5. Anterior slope with dense low, broad asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit. Disc shagreened with moderately dense, minute punctures, some longer hair-like setae at margins. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles acutely rounded. Elytra: 1.50 × as long as wide, 1.64 × as long as pronotum. Scutellum moderately sized, linguiform, shining, flush with elytra, flat. Elytral base transverse, edge oblique and unarmed by granules, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 3/5, then broadly rounded to apex. Striae and interstriae flush, unarmed by tubercles or granules; interstriae opalescent. Disc flat, striae not impressed, with large, deep punctures separated by 1.5‒2 diameters of a puncture, setose; each puncture bearing a semi-erect hair-like seta, increasing in length towards declivity; interstriae flat, punctures subequal to strial punctures, each bearing an erect seta longer than the width of an interstria. Declivital slope very gradual, occupying approximately 1/3 of elytra, declivital face weakly convex; strial punctures very large, shallow, much larger and deeper than those of disc, setose, setae short, as long as strial punctures; interstriae sparsely, minutely punctate, setose, setae long, erect. Posterolateral margin rounded. Legs: protibiae distinctly triangular, broadest at apical 1/4; posterior face smooth; apical 1/2 of outer margin with 7 moderate socketed denticles, their length as long as basal width. Meso- and metatibiae flattened; outer margin evenly rounded with 8 moderate socketed denticles, respectively.</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan.</p> <p>Host plants. Acer (Sapindaceae).</p> <p>Etymology. L. insolitus = unusual, strange. An adjective. In reference to the unusual combination of characters exhibited by this species (see remarks.)</p> <p>Remarks. This is a rather unique Euwallacea species with an idiosyncratic combination of characters. Overall, the species is rather similar to Anisandrus species which often have a similar form with a conical type 0 pronotum, gradual elytral declivity, rounded posterolateral elytra margin, and unarmed interstriae. It can be readily distinguished from Anisandrus by the lack of a pronotal mycangial tuft and type 2 antennal club with two sutures on the posterior face.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E503F09FF6C4D9AFF31C97A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E503F0AFF6C4BAEFF0CCAEA.text	217A020B6E503F0AFF6C4BAEFF0CCAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylosandrus geduensis Smith & Beaver 2022	<div><p>Xylosandrus geduensis Smith &amp; Beaver sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 9‒12)</p> <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 845C6E48-F4B5-47B0-8AAC-244459B1C562</p> <p>Type material. Holotype, female: Bhutan, Gedu, 6.viii.[19]85, X. Padgham coll., ex Trewia nudiflora CIE A 17491, NHMUK014591825 (NHML).</p> <p>Diagnosis. 2.1 mm long (n = 1); 2.33 × as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the small size; declivity obliquely truncate, abruptly separated from disc; posterolateral margins of elytra carinate to interstriae 7; declivital face with 5 punctate striae; declivital interstriae with densely uniseriate denticles; pronotum from dorsal view rounded (type 1) and lateral view basic (type 0), pronotal summit at midpoint, basal 1/2 smooth, shining, sparsely minutely punctate; sparse mycangial tuft on the pronotal base; and outer margin of protibia armed with 5 large socketed denticles.</p> <p>Description (female). 2.1 mm long (n = 1); 2.33 × as long as wide. Head, pronotum and elytral disc light redbrown, declivity dark red-brown, antennae and legs light brown. Head: epistoma entire, transverse, with a row of hair-like setae. Frons weakly convex to upper level of eyes; median carina present; surface shagreened, sparsely punctate, punctures, large, shallow, alutaceous, sparsely setose, setae erect, hair-like. Eyes very shallowly emarginate just above antennal insertion, upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum broad, triangular, deeply impressed. Antennal scape regularly thick, approximately as long as club. Pedicel as wide as scape, shorter than funicle. Funicle 4-segmented, segment 1 as long as pedicel. Club 1.1 × taller than broad, subcircular, obliquely truncate, type 1; segment 1 corneous, encircling anterior face, margin costate. Pronotum: 1.11 × as long as wide. In dorsal view rounded, type 1, sides parallel in basal 1/2, rounded anteriorly; anterior margin with a row of six serrations. In lateral view basic, type 0, disc flat, summit at midpoint. Anterior slope with densely spaced, moderate asperities, becoming lower and more strongly transverse towards summit, bearing long, fine, erect hair-like setae, some longer hair-like setae at anterior and lateral margins. Disc shining, alutaceous with sparse, fine punctures, glabrous. Lateral margins obliquely costate. Base transverse, posterior angles broadly rounded. Mycangial tuft present along basal margin, tuft broad, sparse, laterally extending to striae 3. Elytra: 1.22 × as long as wide, 1.1 × as long as pronotum. Scutellum moderately sized, linguiform, flush with elytra, flat, shining. Elytral base transverse, edge oblique, humeral angles rounded, parallel-sided in basal 2/3, then broadly rounded to apex. Striae punctate, not impressed. Disc occupying basal half of elytra, shining, interstriae punctate, moderately setose, setae semi-erect, hair-like. Declivity sharply distinct from disc, 5 striae visible, strial punctures larger, deeper than those of disc; interstriae with densely uniseriate denticles, denticles small, spaced 2-4 diameters of a denticle, with erect hair-like setae, as long as the distance between suture and striae 2. Apex emarginate, margins acutely carinate. Posterolateral margin carinate to interstriae 7. Legs: procoxae widely separated; prosternal coxal piece flat, inconspicuous. Protibiae slender, broadest at apical 1/4; posterior face smooth; outer margin of apical 1/2 with 5 large socketed denticles, their length much longer than basal width; apical mucro prominent, strongly incurved. Meso- and metatibiae flattened, outer margins evenly rounded with 10 and 12, small similarly sized socketed denticles, their length no longer than basal width, respectively.</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan.</p> <p>Host plants. Mallotus (= Trewia) nudiflorus (Euphorbiaceae)</p> <p>Etymology. In reference to the type locality, Gedu. Latinized adjective.</p> <p>Remarks. This species is very similar to the Indomalayan species Xylosandrus derupteterminatus (Schedl). It can be separated by the following combination of characters (X. geduensis given first): elongate form, 2.33 × as long as wide vs stout 1.82–2.0 × as long as wide (Smith et al. 2020); outer margin of protibia with 5 denticles vs 4 denticles; more gradual declivital slope, declivity occupying 1/2 of elytra vs. 2/5 of elytra; and interstrial setae shorter, as long as the distance between suture and striae 2 vs. longer, as long as the distance between the suture and striae 3.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E503F0AFF6C4BAEFF0CCAEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E533F05FF6C4BE7FBDECE36.text	217A020B6E533F05FF6C4BE7FBDECE36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryphalus discretus Eichhoff 1878	<div><p>Cryphalus discretus Eichhoff</p> <p>Cryphalus discretus Eichhoff, 1878a: 385.</p> <p>Cryphalus scabricollis Eichhoff, 1878b: 491. Synonymy: Wood 1989: 172.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan (as C. scabricollis) by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>Distribution. Recorded from India and Sri Lanka through Southeast Asia to Indonesia and as far East as the Solomon Is. Introduced into the Mediterranean region.</p> <p>Biology. Most species of Cryphalus are host-specific at the level of the host family, but C. discretus has been recorded from several different plant families (Wood &amp; Bright 1992). It is likely that some of these records involve misidentification of the beetle. Wood (1989) notes that the species is common in Ficus (Moraceae) in the Oriental region, and this is also the host in the Mediterranean region (Faccoli et al. 2016).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E533F05FF6C4BE7FBDECE36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5C3F05FF6C4CBAFA9ACD82.text	217A020B6E5C3F05FF6C4CBAFA9ACD82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coccotrypes carpophagus (Hornung)	<div><p>Coccotrypes carpophagus (Hornung) *</p> <p>Bostrichus carpophagus Hornung, 1842: 116.</p> <p>Coccotrypes carpophagus (Hornung): Schedl 1938: 10.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, Sergham, 1000m, viii.1982, C. J. Rai (1) (NKME).</p> <p>Distribution. Circumtropical. Often intercepted in seeds and fruits in temperate zone countries.</p> <p>Biology. The species breeds in the seeds and fruits of many plant species, particularly palms (Arecaceae).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5C3F05FF6C4CBAFA9ACD82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5C3F05FF6C49C2FBD0C906.text	217A020B6E5C3F05FF6C49C2FBD0C906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ips longifolia (Stebbing)	<div><p>Ips longifolia (Stebbing)</p> <p>Tomicus longifolia Stebbing, 1909: 26.</p> <p>Ips longifolia (Stebbing): Hagedorn 1910: 56.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schmutzenhofer (1988a) and Cognato &amp; Sperling (2000).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh), Pakistan.</p> <p>Biology. The species primarily attacks Pinus roxburghii (Pinaceae) in the subtropical conifer forest belt of the Himalayas at elevations between 500 and 2000 m (Kirisits et al. 2002). Other conifers may also be attacked, but confusion with closely-related species of Ips makes most early host records unreliable. It is considered to be a secondary species, attacking severely stressed or dying trees (Kirisits et al. 2002).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5C3F05FF6C49C2FBD0C906	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5C3F04FF6C4B5BFE35CE6A.text	217A020B6E5C3F04FF6C4B5BFE35CE6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ips schmutzenhoferi Holzschuh 1988	<div><p>Ips schmutzenhoferi Holzschuh</p> <p>Ips schmutzenhoferi Holzschuh, 1988: 482.</p> <p>This species was described from Bhutan (Holzschuh 1988). Further records from Bhutan can be found in the publications cited below.Although synonymised with Ips stebbingi Strohmeyer by Wood (1992), several later studies have shown that it is both morphologically and phylogenetically distinct (Cognato &amp; Sperling 2000; Cognato &amp; Vogler 2001; Buhroo &amp; Lakatos 2011).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (Sikkim), Nepal.</p> <p>Biology. The species attacks several genera of conifers (Pinus, Picea, Larix) (Pinaceae). The basic biology, life history and associated blue-stain fungi have been described by Schmutzenhofer (1988a), Eidmann &amp; Wiersma (1989) and Kirisits et al. (2002). The components of the aggregation pheromone have been analysed by Eidmann &amp; Birgersson (1988) and Kohnle et al. (1988). It tends to breed at higher altitudes (2500‒3800m) than I. longifolia (Schmutzenhofer 1988a). It is an aggressive species capable of killing trees through mass attacks. The history, causes and extent of the outbreak in western Bhutan in the 1980’s leading to extensive mortality of Picea spinulosa and Pinus wallichiana, are discussed by Schmutzenhofer (1988a), Chhetri (1991), and Kirisits et al. (2002), and control methods suggested.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5C3F04FF6C4B5BFE35CE6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5C3F05FF6C4FDBFEFACB1E.text	217A020B6E5C3F05FF6C4FDBFEFACB1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taphrorychus hewetti (Stebbing)	<div><p>Taphrorychus hewetti (Stebbing)</p> <p>Dryocoetes hewetti Stebbing, 1908: 11.</p> <p>Taphrorychus hewetti (Stebbing): Wood &amp; Bright 1992: 559.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975 as Dryocoetes hewetti).</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, Nobding, 40 km Ost Wangdi Ph., 2800 m, 1972 (1) (NHMW).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh), Nepal.</p> <p>Biology. Stebbing (1914) gives some notes on the life history and the gallery system in the phloem. All host records are from Quercus spp. (Fagaceae). The beetles attack weakened trees, especially those parasitised by mistletoe.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5C3F05FF6C4FDBFEFACB1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FC57CC76.text	217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FC57CC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polygraphus major Stebbing	<div><p>Polygraphus major Stebbing</p> <p>Polygraphus major Stebbing, 1903: 234.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Wood &amp; Bright (1992). We have been unable to trace the original record, but it is highly probable that the species occurs in the country.</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Xizang), India (Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand), Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan.</p> <p>Biology. This species attacks conifers in the genera, Pinus, Picea and Cedrus (Pinaceae), but is particularly important as a pest of Pinus wallichiana in the Himalayan region (Browne 1968). Its biology has been described by Stebbing (1914), Beeson (1961) and Khanday et al. (2020). Associated coleopteran predators are considered to be important in regulating population levels (Khanday et al. 2016, 2018).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4CD7FC57CC76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4E87FE58CB56.text	217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4E87FE58CB56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polygraphus squamosus (Schedl)	<div><p>Polygraphus squamosus (Schedl)</p> <p>Blastophagus squamosus Schedl, 1975: 384.</p> <p>Polygraphus squamosus (Schedl): Wood 1986: 268.</p> <p>This species was described from Bhutan (Schedl 1975). Only the holotype and one paratype are known.</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan.</p> <p>Biology. Unknown.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4E87FE58CB56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4BE7FCB7C8D1.text	217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4BE7FCB7C8D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolytoplatypus pubescens Hagedorn 1904	<div><p>Scolytoplatypus pubescens Hagedorn *</p> <p>Scolytoplatypus pubescens Hagedorn, 1904: 123.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, W. Paro distr., Gedu, 2100m, 17‒26.vi.1988, C. Holzschuh (1) (NKME).</p> <p>Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan), India (Assam, Uttar Pradesh, W. Bengal), Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. Beeson (1961) describes the biology and figures the gallery system. The species is known to attack at least 12 different families of trees (Beaver &amp; Gebhardt 2006).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C4BE7FCB7C8D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C481BFAC5C996.text	217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C481BFAC5C996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolytoplatypus raja Blandford 1893	<div><p>Scolytoplatypus raja Blandford</p> <p>Scolytoplatypus raja Blandford, 1893: 440.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975 as Scolytoplatypus mikado Blandford). Schedl made frequent errors in identifying and synonymising species of Scolytoplatypus (Beaver &amp; Gebhardt 2006). The species, S. mikado, has a more northerly distribution than S. raja, and records of the former species from Bhutan, India and Southeast Asia almost certainly all refer to S. raja (Beaver &amp; Gebhardt 2006).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Xizang, Yunnan), India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Laos, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, West Malaysia.</p> <p>Biology. The biology and life history of Scolytoplatypus species are described by Beeson (1961), Browne (1961 a), Beaver &amp; Gebhardt (2006) and Beaver &amp; Liu (2018). Scolytoplatypus raja is a polyphagous species attacking both coniferous and angiosperm trees (Beeson 1961, Maiti &amp; Saha 2009, Wood &amp; Bright 1992).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5D3F04FF6C481BFAC5C996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5E3F07FF6C4E4EFE4FCBEE.text	217A020B6E5E3F07FF6C4E4EFE4FCBEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ambrosiodmus minor (Stebbing)	<div><p>Ambrosiodmus minor (Stebbing)</p> <p>Phloeosinus minor Stebbing, 1907: 37.</p> <p>Dryocoetes minor (Stebbing): Stebbing 1914: 549.</p> <p>Xyleborus minor (Stebbing): Beeson 1930: 70.</p> <p>Ambrosiodmus minor (Stebbing): Wood &amp; Bright 1992: 676.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>Distribution. South China, India and Nepal, through Southeast Asia to East Malaysia, Taiwan.</p> <p>Biology. A polyphagous species like the majority of Xyleborini. Beeson (1930) describes the biology, gallery system and phenology. He notes that the species tends to attack timber which has been felled for several weeks rather than freshly felled.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5E3F07FF6C4E4EFE4FCBEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5E3F07FF6C49FEFAC8C906.text	217A020B6E5E3F07FF6C49FEFAC8C906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ambrosiophilus satoi (Schedl 1966)	<div><p>Ambrosiophilus satoi (Schedl)</p> <p>Xyleborus satoi Schedl, 1966: 39.</p> <p>Ambrosiophilus satoi (Schedl): Beaver &amp; Liu 2010: 22.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, Taiwan, Thailand. The recorded distribution is discordant, but RAB has examined one of the specimens from Bhutan recorded by Schedl (1975), and it is undoubtedly conspecific with specimens collected in Taiwan (Beaver &amp; Liu 2010).</p> <p>Biology. Recorded only from Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) ‘Camphor’ (Beaver &amp; Liu 2010).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5E3F07FF6C49FEFAC8C906	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5E3F07FF6C4DD2FC44CD82.text	217A020B6E5E3F07FF6C4DD2FC44CD82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood	<div><p>Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood complex</p> <p>Tomicus (Hypothenemus) eruditus Westwood, 1836: 34.</p> <p>Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood, 1839: 353.</p> <p>Hypothenemus eruditus was recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975). Wood &amp; Bright (1992) list 70 synonyms of this species. It is clear that it is a complex of many species, not easily separated morphologically, and that many of the supposed synonyms should be resurrected (Kambestad et al. 2017). It is not known if the Bhutanese specimen has the morphological or molecular characteristics of H. eruditus sensu stricto.</p> <p>Distribution. Throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, although probably of American origin (Wood 1977). Often imported into temperate zone countries, and occasionally established there in greenhouses and other warmer sites.</p> <p>Biology. Recorded from twigs, branches, seeds and fruits of hundreds of plant species, and one of the most commonly collected species in the tropics and subtropics (Wood 2007).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5E3F07FF6C4DD2FC44CD82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5E3F06FF6C4B56FE02CFFF.text	217A020B6E5E3F06FF6C4B56FE02CFFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisandrus cristatus (Hagedorn)	<div><p>Anisandrus cristatus (Hagedorn)</p> <p>Xyleborus cristatus Hagedorn, 1908: 377.</p> <p>Xyleborus fabricii Schedl, 1964: 217. Unnecessary replacement name.</p> <p>Anisandrus cristatus (Hagedorn): Smith et al. 2020: 88.</p> <p>Bhutan was included in the distribution by Smith et al. (2020), but no details were given. The Bhutanese specimen in NHMB recorded as X. fabricii by Schedl (1975) was examined by RAB and was misdetermined (see below under Anisandrus eggersi).</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (1) (NKME).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Yunnan), India (Meghalaya, ‘Naga Hills’, Sikkim, West Bengal), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. The species has been recorded from Alnus (Betulaceae), Quercus (Fagaceae), and Symplocos (Symplocaceae) (Beeson 1930).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5E3F06FF6C4B56FE02CFFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C4C0FFB62CD83.text	217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C4C0FFB62CD83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisandrus eggersi (Beeson)	<div><p>Anisandrus eggersi (Beeson)</p> <p>Xyleborus eggersi Beeson, 1930: 215.</p> <p>Cyclorhipidion eggersi (Beeson): Maiti &amp; Saha 2004: 105.</p> <p>Anisandrus eggersi (Beeson): Hulcr et al. 2007: 578.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975 as Xyleborus fabricii Schedl) (see comment above under Anisandrus cristatus) (Smith et al. 2020).</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (1) (RABC).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (West Bengal), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. The species is polyphagous, and has been recorded from five genera in five different families (Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Rosaceae, Staphyleaceae, Symplocaceae) (Maiti &amp; Saha 2004).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C4C0FFB62CD83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C4FDBFA95CB57.text	217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C4FDBFA95CB57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisandrus hirtus (Hagedorn)	<div><p>Anisandrus hirtus (Hagedorn)</p> <p>Xyleborus hirtus Hagedorn, 1904: 126.</p> <p>Cyclorhipidion hirtum (Hagedorn): Wood &amp; Bright 1992: 700.</p> <p>Anisandrus hirtus (Hagedorn): Hulcr et al. 2007: 578.</p> <p>Bhutan was included in the distribution by Beaver et al. (2014), but without a detailed record.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (1) (NKME)</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, Cambodia, China (Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), India (Meghalaya, West Bengal), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. The species is polyphagous, and has been recorded from five genera in five different families (Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Rutaceae, Symplocaceae) (Wood &amp; Bright 1992; Beaver &amp; Liu 2010).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C4FDBFA95CB57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C49A7FE58CAEB.text	217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C49A7FE58CAEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisandrus niger (Sampson)	<div><p>Anisandrus niger (Sampson) *</p> <p>Xyleborus niger Sampson, 1912: 247.</p> <p>Anisandrus niger (Sampson): Beaver &amp; Liu, 2018: 538.</p> <p>This species is newly recorded from Bhutan.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, Gedu, 6.viii.[19]85, DE Padgham, TFRI, CIE A17491 (1) (NMHL).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. Unknown.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C49A7FE58CAEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C48E3FA9CC82F.text	217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C48E3FA9CC82F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arixyleborus moestus (Eggers)	<div><p>Arixyleborus moestus (Eggers)</p> <p>Xyleborus moestus Eggers, 1930: 189.</p> <p>Arixyleborus moestus (Eggers): Browne 1955: 350</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Smith et al. (2020).</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, Gedu, 6.viii.[19]85, I Padgham, ex Machilus edulis, CIE A 17491 (2) (NMHL).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (Meghalaya, West Bengal), Laos, Nepal.</p> <p>Biology. Recorded from Quercus lamellosa (Fagaceae) (Beeson 1930), and Machilus edulis (Lauraceae).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5F3F06FF6C48E3FA9CC82F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5F3F01FF6C4A3FFE12CEA2.text	217A020B6E5F3F01FF6C4A3FFE12CEA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclorhipidion inarmatum (Eggers)	<div><p>Cyclorhipidion inarmatum (Eggers)</p> <p>Xyleborus inarmatus Eggers, 1923: 209.</p> <p>Cyclorhipidion inarmatum (Eggers): Beaver et al. 2014: 39.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975) as Xyleborus corporaali Eggers. A specimen in NHMB identified and recorded by Schedl (1975) was examined by RAB and found to be misidentified. The corrected record is given by Smith et al. (2020).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Yunnan), India (Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. Recorded from Castanopsis and Quercus (Fagaceae), and probably with a close association with Fagaceae (Beaver et al. 2014).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5F3F01FF6C4A3FFE12CEA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E583F01FF6C4CBBFCE5CC12.text	217A020B6E583F01FF6C4CBBFCE5CC12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Debus amphicranoides (Hagedorn)	<div><p>Debus amphicranoides (Hagedorn) *</p> <p>Xyleborus amphicranoides Hagedorn, 1908: 379.</p> <p>Debus amphicranoides (Hagedorn): Hulcr 2010: 107.</p> <p>This species is newly recorded from Bhutan.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, Gedu, 6.viii.1985, AS Padgham coll. ex Castanopsis, CIE A 17491 (3) (NHML).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Yunnan), Indonesia (Java, Mentawai Is, Sumatra, Sulawesi), Laos, East &amp; West Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. The species is polyphagous, and has been recorded from many different host trees (e.g. Browne (1961), Ohno (1990). Browne (1961) briefly describes the gallery system, and notes that it attacks not only dying or newly felled trees, but healthy trees through injuries to the bark.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E583F01FF6C4CBBFCE5CC12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E583F01FF6C4E6BFC7DCBC2.text	217A020B6E583F01FF6C4E6BFC7DCBC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Debus shoreae (Stebbing)	<div><p>Debus shoreae (Stebbing) *</p> <p>Tomicus shoreae Stebbing, 1907: 39.</p> <p>Xyleborus shoreae (Stebbing): Beeson 1930: 258.</p> <p>Debus shoreae (Stebbing): Beaver et al. 2014: 44.</p> <p>This species is newly recorded from Bhutan.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, Gedu, 6.viii.[19]85, DE Padgham (1) (NHML).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Guangxi, Sichuan), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Laos, East Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. The species is polyphagous, but may have a preference for Dipterocarpaceae (Beaver et al. 2014). Beeson (1961) briefly describes the gallery system and phenology.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E583F01FF6C4E6BFC7DCBC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E583F01FF6C481BFB79C802.text	217A020B6E583F01FF6C481BFB79C802.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euwallacea andamanensis (Blandford)	<div><p>Euwallacea andamanensis (Blandford) complex *</p> <p>Xyleborus andamanensis Blandford, 1896: 222.</p> <p>Euwallacea andamanensis (Blandford): Wood 1989: 172.</p> <p>E. andamanensis sensu Wood &amp; Bright (1992) is a complex of several species and needs revision (Cognato et al. 2020). At this stage of the study, we can only record the presence of a species of the complex in Bhutan. Its assignment to a particular species must await further study.</p> <p>New records. Bhutan, Gedu, 6.xiii.[19]85, BG Padgham, ex Trewia nudiflora, CIE A 17491 (3, NMHL); as previous except: DE Padgham (2, NHML).</p> <p>Distribution. Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Hong Kong, Jiangxi, Yunnan), Federated States of Micronesia, India (Andaman Is, Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal), Indonesia (Buru I., Java, Mentawai Is, Sumatra), Japan, Laos, East &amp; West Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. The species in the complex are polyphagous (Beeson 1930; Browne 1961), but Mallotus (= Trewia) nudiflorus (Euphorbiaceae) has not been recorded previously as a host tree. The gallery system is briefly described by Browne (1961), and resembles that of other species of Euwallacea (Smith et al. 2020).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E583F01FF6C481BFB79C802	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E583F00FF6C4A5BFB4BCD32.text	217A020B6E583F00FF6C4A5BFB4BCD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff)	<div><p>Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) complex *</p> <p>Xyleborus fornicatus Eichhoff, 1868: 151.</p> <p>Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff): Wood 1989: 173.</p> <p>Euwallacea fornicatus is one species in a complex of at least four sibling species (Smith et al. 2019). The species are most reliably separated through COI barcoding sequences (Gomez et al. 2018, Smith et al. 2019). Such sequences are not available for the two specimens recorded here, but we justify recording the presence of the complex in Bhutan because the members of the complex are economically important as pests of tea, fruit and other trees, both in parts of their native distribution, and where they have been introduced in the United States, Israel, South Africa and elsewhere (e.g., Mendel et al. 2017; Stouthamer et al. 2017; VanRooyen et al. 2021).</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, W, Distr. Samchi, Puntsheling, 300m, 16‒17.vi.1988, C. Holzschuh (2) (NKME).</p> <p>Distribution. Members of the complex are native to the region from Sri Lanka, India, South China and Taiwan, through Southeast Asia and Indonesia to New Guinea, and the Pacific Is.</p> <p>Biology. The species in the complex are all polyphagous. Due to the economic importance of the complex, there is a large literature. Various aspects of the biology of the species are described by e.g., Cooperband et al. (2016, 2017), Mendel et al. 2017, Stouthamer et al. (2017), Byers et al. (2018), Carrillo et al. (2020).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E583F00FF6C4A5BFB4BCD32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E593F00FF6C4F4BFCA4CC76.text	217A020B6E593F00FF6C4F4BFCA4CC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euwallacea gravelyi (Wichmann 1914)	<div><p>Euwallacea gravelyi (Wichmann)</p> <p>Xyleborus gravelyi Wichmann, 1914: 411.</p> <p>Euwallacea gravelyi (Wichmann): Saha &amp; Maiti 1996: 815.</p> <p>This species is recorded from Bhutan by Smith et al. (2020).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Yunnan), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal), Laos, Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. The species is polyphagous (Saha &amp; Maiti 1996).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E593F00FF6C4F4BFCA4CC76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E593F00FF6C4E87FF15CA52.text	217A020B6E593F00FF6C4E87FF15CA52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford)	<div><p>Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford) *</p> <p>Xyleborus interjectus Blandford, 1894: 576.</p> <p>Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford): Saha &amp; Maiti 1984: 2.</p> <p>This species is newly recorded from Bhutan.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, Gedu, 6.viii.[19]85, AF Padgham, ex Trewia nudiflora, CIE A 17491 (8) (NMHL).</p> <p>Distribution. From the Indian subcontinent, China and South Korea through Southeast Asia and Indonesia to the Philippines, New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Introduced to North America, Hawaii and South America (Argentina).</p> <p>Biology. The species is polyphagous (Beeson 1930; Browne 1961; Beaver &amp; Liu 2010). Mallotus (= Trewia) nudiflorus (Euphorbiaceae) has not been recorded previously as a host tree. The biology and gallery system have been described by Beeson (1930), Browne (1961) and Kalshoven (1959). The relationship of the beetle with its symbiotic fungus and with the pathogen causing fig wilt disease in fig trees in Japan is discussed by Jiang et al. (2021).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E593F00FF6C4E87FF15CA52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E593F00FF6C48ABFB7CC802.text	217A020B6E593F00FF6C48ABFB7CC802.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euwallacea piceus (Motschulsky)	<div><p>Euwallacea piceus (Motschulsky) *</p> <p>Anodius piceus Motschulsky, 1863: 512.</p> <p>Euwallacea piceus (Motschulsky): Wood &amp; Bright 1992: 692.</p> <p>This species is newly recorded from Bhutan.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, Gedu, 6.viii.[19]85, AF Padgham, ex Trewia nudiflora, CIE A 17491 (1) (NMHL).</p> <p>Distribution. Throughout the Oriental region from the Indian subcontinent through Southeast Asia, Indonesia to New Guinea and the Pacific islands; tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Seychelles.</p> <p>Biology. Polyphagous (e.g. Browne 1961; Schedl 1963; Ohno et al. 1988, 1989). Mallotus (= Trewia) nudiflorus (Euphorbiaceae) has not been recorded previously as a host tree. The species has some potential as a pest because of its deeply penetrating galleries and very wide host range (Browne 1961; Schedl 1963).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E593F00FF6C48ABFB7CC802	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E593F03FF6C4A5BFE18CE4E.text	217A020B6E593F03FF6C4A5BFE18CE4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euwallacea sibsagaricus (Eggers)	<div><p>Euwallacea sibsagaricus (Eggers) *</p> <p>Xyleborus sibsagaricus Eggers, 1930: 196.</p> <p>Euwallacea sibsagaricus (Eggers): Wood, 1989: 173.</p> <p>This species is newly recorded from Bhutan.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, Gedu, 6.xiii.[19]85, BG Padgham, ex Castanopsis CIE A 17491 (2) (NMHL).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Yunnan), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal), Indonesia (Maluku), East Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. Recorded from four genera in four different families (Smith et al. 2020). Castanopsis (Fagaceae) is a new genus and family record.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E593F03FF6C4A5BFE18CE4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4C9FFEA0CC76.text	217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4C9FFEA0CC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoxyleborus sordicauda (Motschulsky)	<div><p>Leptoxyleborus sordicauda (Motschulsky) *</p> <p>Phloeotrogus sordicauda Motschulsky, 1863: 514.</p> <p>Leptoxyleborus sordicauda (Motschulsky): Wood 1980: 94.</p> <p>This species is newly recorded from Bhutan.</p> <p>New records. Bhutan, Gedu, 6.xiii.[19]85, AF Padgham, ex Salmalia sp. CIE A17491 (5); as previous except: ex Trewia nudiflora (1); as previous except: ex Symplocos sp. (1) (all NHML).</p> <p>Distribution. China (Guangxi, Jiangxi), India (Andaman Is, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Maluku, Sumatra), Japan, East &amp; West Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. The species is polyphagous (e.g. Browne 1961; Ohno 1990). Bombax (= Salmalia) (Malvaceae), Mallotus (= Trewia) (Euphorbiaceae) and Symplocos (Symplocaceae) are new host tree records. The species attacks both large logs, smaller stems, and lianas (Browne 1961). It may be particularly attracted to sappy stems (Beaver &amp; Browne 1979).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4C9FFEA0CC76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4EA3FA76CA1A.text	217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4EA3FA76CA1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xyleborus perforans (Wollaston)	<div><p>Xyleborus perforans (Wollaston)</p> <p>Tomicus perforans Wollaston, 1857: 96.</p> <p>Xyleborus perforans (Wollaston): Eichhoff 1878: 403.</p> <p>This species was recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>Distribution. Widely distributed throughout tropical parts of the Afrotropical, Australian and Oriental regions.</p> <p>Biology. The species is strongly polyphagous (e.g. Browne 1961; Schedl 1963; Gray &amp; Wylie 1974; Ohno 1990). Its biology has been described by Beeson (1961), Browne (1961), Schedl (1963) and Kalshoven (1964). The species sometimes attacks weakened or injured trees, and can be a minor pest (Browne 1968), but its attacks are usually secondary. Due to its abundance, the species can be important in the downgrade of recently felled timber.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4EA3FA76CA1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4853FD89C892.text	217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4853FD89C892.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky)	<div><p>Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky)</p> <p>Phloeotrogus crassiusculus Motschulsky, 1866: 403.</p> <p>Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky): Wood 1977: 68.</p> <p>Xyleborus semiopacus Eichhoff, 1878: 334. Synonymy: Wood 1969: 119.</p> <p>This species was recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975 as Xyleborus semiopacus Eichhoff).</p> <p>Distribution. The species is native to and widespread through the Oriental region, extending North to Japan and Korea, and East to New Guinea, Fiji and Samoa; presumably originally imported to tropical Africa, but now widespread in the Afrotropical region; imported to and established in southern Europe, Australia and the Americas.</p> <p>Biology. The species is strongly polyphagous, and numerous host trees are listed by Dole &amp; Cognato (2010). The biology and gallery system have been described by Browne (1961), Schedl (1963) (both as Xyleborus semiopacus), and Ranger et al. (2016) amongst others. This is a species of economic importance because it can attack and breed in healthy shoots and twigs, although it more usually attacks physiologically stressed plants (Ranger et al. 2016). This can facilitate the introduction of pathogenic fungi (Mayers et al. 2016). It has become a major pest species in the southern USA, especially in fruit tree nurseries. Management strategies are discussed by Ranger et al. (2016, 2021), Gugliuzzo et al. (2021), and others.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4853FD89C892	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5B3F02FF6C4A03FB80C8D1.text	217A020B6E5B3F02FF6C4A03FB80C8D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crossotarsus fairmairei Chapuis 1865	<div><p>Crossotarsus fairmairei Chapuis</p> <p>Crossotarsus fairmairei Chapuis, 1865: 79.</p> <p>Crossotarsus nepalensis Schedl, 1973: 212. Synonymy: Beaver &amp; Liu 2018: 528.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan (as C. nepalensis) by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (Punjab, Uttarakhand), Kashmir, Nepal, Sri Lanka.</p> <p>Biology. Polyphagous, recorded from both conifers and angiosperms (Beeson 1961).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5B3F02FF6C4A03FB80C8D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5B3F02FF6C4DD2FCD5CEDB.text	217A020B6E5B3F02FF6C4DD2FCD5CEDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Indocryphalus intermedius (Sampson)	<div><p>Indocryphalus intermedius (Sampson)</p> <p>Xyloterus intermedius Sampson, 1913: 445.</p> <p>Indocryphalus intermedius (Sampson): Browne 1970: 562.</p> <p>This species was recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand.</p> <p>Biology. The species has been recorded from four different families and is probably polyphagous (Beaver 2000a). The gallery system is described by Beeson (1961).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5B3F02FF6C4DD2FCD5CEDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E5B3F02FF6C4F15FC3ECC65.text	217A020B6E5B3F02FF6C4F15FC3ECC65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trypodendron dorjitenzingi Schmutzenhofer 1988	<div><p>Trypodendron dorjitenzingi Schmutzenhofer</p> <p>Trypodendron dorjitenzingi Schmutzenhofer, 1988b: 487.</p> <p>This species was described from Bhutan by Schmutzenhofer (1988b).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan only.</p> <p>Biology. Unknown. Adults were attracted to the Trypodendron aggregation pheromone, lineatin, and to ethyl alcohol, but host trees were not discovered (Schmutzenhofer 1988b). Wood &amp; Bright (1992) list three species of conifer as hosts, but Schmutzenhofer (1988b) clearly states that no attacks were found on these species despite intensive searching. It is likely that the species attacks angiosperm trees.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5B3F02FF6C4F15FC3ECC65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4D9BFB2BCE87.text	217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4D9BFB2BCE87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dinoplatypus cavus (Strohmeyer)	<div><p>Dinoplatypus cavus (Strohmeyer)</p> <p>Platypus cavus Strohmeyer, 1913: 162.</p> <p>Dinoplatypus cavus (Strohmeyer): Wood 1993: 279.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Wood &amp; Bright (1992). We have been unable to trace the original record, but it is highly probable that the species occurs in the country.</p> <p>Distribution. From India, through Southeast Asia to Indonesia and the Philippines.</p> <p>Biology. Polyphagous, recorded from both conifers and angiosperms (Wood &amp; Bright 1992).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4D9BFB2BCE87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4CD7FB0FCDE7.text	217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4CD7FB0FCDE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dinoplatypus cupulatus (Chapuis)	<div><p>Dinoplatypus cupulatus (Chapuis)</p> <p>Platypus cupulatus Chapuis, 1865: 278.</p> <p>Dinoplatypus cupulatus (Chapuis): Wood 1993: 279.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>Distribution. From India, through Southeast Asia to Indonesia, New Guinea and the Philippines.</p> <p>Biology. Polyphagous, recorded from a wide range of angiosperm trees (Wood &amp; Bright 1992).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4CD7FB0FCDE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4FF7FD92CB3B.text	217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4FF7FD92CB3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platypus lewisi Blandford 1894	<div><p>Platypus lewisi Blandford</p> <p>Platypus lewisi Blandford, 1894a: 134.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Fujian), India (West Bengal), Japan, Korea, Nepal, Taiwan.</p> <p>Biology. Polyphagous, recorded from a range of angiosperm trees (Wood &amp; Bright 1992), possibly with a preference for Fagaceae (Beaver &amp; Shih 2003), though this may simply reflect the relatively high abundance of the family in northern temperate zone forests.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4FF7FD92CB3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4933FBACCA53.text	217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4933FBACCA53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platypus quadriporus (Beeson)	<div><p>Platypus quadriporus (Beeson)</p> <p>Crossotarsus quadriporus Beeson, 1937: 96.</p> <p>Platypus quadriporus (Beeson): Schedl 1962: 209.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E. Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (5) (NKME).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Fujian), India (West Bengal), Myanmar.</p> <p>Biology. Recorded only from two species of Quercus (Fagaceae) (Beeson 1937).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4933FBACCA53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E443F1DFF6C48ABFCEFC9B3.text	217A020B6E443F1DFF6C48ABFCEFC9B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platypus secretus Sampson 1921	<div><p>Platypus secretus Sampson</p> <p>Platypus secretus Sampson, 1921: 25.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>Distribution. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. The species is polyphagous (Beeson 1961).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E443F1DFF6C48ABFCEFC9B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4BCBFB36C893.text	217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4BCBFB36C893.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platypus sinensis (Schedl)	<div><p>Platypus sinensis (Schedl) *</p> <p>Platypus sinensis Schedl, 1941: 43.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E. Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (2) (NKME).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, China (Fujian).</p> <p>Biology. There is a single record from Castanopsis fargesii (Fagaceae) (RAB unpublished).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E443F1DFF6C4BCBFB36C893	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E453F1CFF6C4DD2FE6BCEFA.text	217A020B6E453F1CFF6C4DD2FE6BCEFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diapus aculeatus Blandford 1894	<div><p>Diapus aculeatus Blandford</p> <p>Diapus aculeatus Blandford, 1894: 139.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (Assam, Uttarakhand), Japan, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>Biology. The species is associated primarily with species of Fagaceae (Castanea, Castanopsis, Quercus) (Beaver &amp; Shih 2003).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E453F1CFF6C4DD2FE6BCEFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E453F1CFF6C4CF2FDF2CC3E.text	217A020B6E453F1CFF6C4CF2FDF2CC3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diapus minor Schedl 1954	<div><p>Diapus minor Schedl *</p> <p>Diapus minor Schedl, 1954: 158.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E. Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (46) (NKME).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, East Malaysia, India (West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan).</p> <p>Biology. Probably polyphagous. Recorded from six genera in three families (Dipterocarpaceae, Fagaceae, Lauraceae) (Beaver &amp; Liu 2013).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E453F1CFF6C4CF2FDF2CC3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E453F1CFF6C4E4EFC19CB72.text	217A020B6E453F1CFF6C4E4EFC19CB72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diapus molossus Chapuis 1865	<div><p>Diapus molossus Chapuis *</p> <p>Diapus molossus Chapuis, 1865: 333.</p> <p>New record. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E. Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (1) (NKME).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (Assam, Uttaranchal, West Bengal), Nepal, Thailand.</p> <p>Biology. Primarily associated with Fagaceae (Castanopsis, Quercus) (Beaver &amp; Liu 2013), but also recorded from Lauraceae (Lindera) and Theaceae (Symplocos) (Beaver &amp; Liu 2018).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E453F1CFF6C4E4EFC19CB72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E453F1CFF6C498AFA61CA52.text	217A020B6E453F1CFF6C498AFA61CA52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diapus quadrispinatus Chapuis 1865	<div><p>Diapus quadrispinatus Chapuis</p> <p>Diapus quadrispinatus Chapuis, 1865: 332.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Schedl (1975).</p> <p>New record. West Bhutan, Paro Distr., Gedu, 2100m, 17-26.vi.1988, C. Holzschuh (7) (NKME).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (Uttarakhand), Myanmar, Nepal.</p> <p>Biology. Presumably polyphagous, recorded from five different families of angiosperms (Beaver &amp; Liu 2018).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E453F1CFF6C498AFA61CA52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E453F1CFF6C48AAFD89C9CA.text	217A020B6E453F1CFF6C48AAFD89C9CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diapus quinquespinatus Chapuis 1865	<div><p>Diapus quinquespinatus Chapuis</p> <p>Diapus quinquespinatus Chapuis, 1865: 334.</p> <p>Recorded from Bhutan by Wood &amp; Bright (1992). We have been unable to trace the original record, but it is highly probable that the species occurs in the country.</p> <p>Distribution. Throughout the Oriental region to Japan, New Guinea, Australia and Pacific islands; tropical Africa.</p> <p>Biology. A polyphagous species recorded from a very wide range of host trees (e.g. Beeson, 1961; Browne 1961; Schedl 1963; Wood &amp; Bright 1992).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E453F1CFF6C48AAFD89C9CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
217A020B6E453F1FFF6C4A02FBB2CFFE.text	217A020B6E453F1FFF6C4A02FBB2CFFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diapus truncatus Niijima & Murayama	<div><p>Diapus truncatus Niijima &amp; Murayama *</p> <p>Diapus truncatus Niijima &amp; Murayama in Murayama, 1934: 143.</p> <p>Diapus spatulifer Browne, 1977: 101. Synonymy: Beaver 2000b: 255.</p> <p>New records. Bhutan, W. distr. Thimpu, E. Dochu La, Menshunang, 2400m, 7.vii.1988, C. Holzschuh (27) (NKME); as previous except: Taba, 2600m, 20‒30.vi.1988 (1) (NKME).</p> <p>Distribution. Bhutan, India (Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Taiwan, Thailand.</p> <p>Biology. Polyphagous, recorded from 13 genera in nine families (Browne 1977).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E453F1FFF6C4A02FBB2CFFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beaver, Roger A.;Smith, Sarah M.	Beaver, Roger A., Smith, Sarah M. (2022): The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae. Zootaxa 5174 (1): 1-24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1
