identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A387E8C86E565262C5F832FB05F928.text	03A387E8C86E565262C5F832FB05F928.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epidendrum churubambense Ocupa, J. Duarte, E. Santiago et Hagsater 2022	<div><p>Epidendrum churubambense Ocupa, J.Duarte, E.Santiago et Hágsater, sp. nov. (Figure 3).</p> <p>Type: — PERU. Huánuco: Prov. Huánuco, Distrito Churubamba, Área de Conservación Regional Bosque Montano de Carpish, Bosque de Unchog, 3451 m, 08 Mar. 2022, L. Ocupa 298 (holotype: USM-Spirit!).</p> <p>Similar to Epidendrum tetartociclium Collantes &amp; Hágsater (2013: pl. 1487) but E. churubambense differs in the sepals 19.8 mm long, ovate-elliptic (vs. 25–26 mm long, elliptic), petals 16.9 × 3.5 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, pendulous and hidden behind the lateral sepals (vs. 20–25 × 8–8.5 mm, oblong-elliptic to oblong-obtrullate, spreading, slightly arching forward) mid-lobe of the lip cuneate, apex bilobed, generating a pair of sub-quadrate lobes (vs. mid-lobe with a square isthmus abruptly dilated into a pair of rounded to sub-deltoid lobes).</p> <p>Description:— Lithophytic, sympodial, climbing herb, ca. 24 cm tall. Roots ca. 0.5–2 mm in diameter, distributed at base of primary pseudobulb rhizome, thin, vinaceous and white. Stems ca. 2.5–4.5 × 0.6–0.9 cm, pseudobulbous fusiform, sulcate and rugose, wine-red colored, covered by a single sheath ca. 5.5 cm long, membranaceous, acute, becoming fibrous with time, only parts present in old stems, unifoliate. Leaves ca. 6.4–8.4 × 0.9–1.2 cm, apical, narrowly lanceolate, coriaceous, articulate, spreading, medium green tinged wine-red, margin entire, apex acute. Spathe 1, ca. 1.97 cm long, tubular at base, oblong, acute, conduplicate. Inflorescence ca. 4.5 cm long, including flowers, apical, arising from developing stem, erect, racemose, shorter than leaf; peduncle ca. 3.5 cm long, terete, slender, erect; rachis ca. 3 mm long, terete. Floral bracts ca. 1 mm long, very small compared with the ovary, triangular-ovate, acuminate, embracing. Ovary 22 mm long, terete, arching, 5–sulcate. Flowers 2, simultaneous, non-resupinate, yellow green, sepals lightly tinged with brown, column green at base and white towards apex; fragrance not registered. Sepals 19.8 × 6–6.6 mm, free, ovate-elliptic, spreading, somewhat concave at middle portion, 7-veined, margin entire, apex attenuate; dorsal sepal abaxially carinate, lateral sepals oblique, slightly recurved, with low, short apical dorsal keel in the apex. Petals 16.9 × 3.5 mm, free, elliptical-lanceolate, strongly reflexed and pendent in natural position, hidden behind lateral sepals, flexuous, somewhat oblique at base, 3-veined, lateral veins few-branched, margin slightly erose, apex acute. Lip 11.5 × 13.7 mm, united to column, 3-lobed, sub-reniform in general shape, base cordate, margin entire; lateral lobes 9–10 × 6.9–7 mm, sub-orbicular, margin minutely erose; mid-lobe 3 × 5.8 mm, sub-quadrate, margin entire, apex cuneate, short, bilobed generating a pair of sub-quadrate lobes; bicallose, calli elongate, digitiform, short, fleshy, parallel; disc with 3 thickened ribs, two in front of calli and mid-rib which is slightly longer and widened at apex, fleshy, reaching apex in short mucro. Column 10 × 5.2 mm, clavate, slightly arched, thick, with pair of apical lateral wings, rounded, apex truncate, tinged green and brown to sides. Clinandrium-hood short, widely elliptic, margin entire. Anther reniform, base emarginate, apex concave, 4-celled. Rostellum apical, slit. Pollinarium formed by 4 pollinia, yellow, obovate, laterally compressed, caudicles soft and granulose, as long as pollinia; viscarium semiliquid. Nectary short, narrow, penetrating apex of pedicellate ovary. Capsule not seen.</p> <p>Distribution and ecology: — Epidendrum churubambense is only known from an area located within the Unchog Montane Forest, in the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, located in Churubamba District, Huánuco Department, at around 3451 m (Figure 2), forming part of the western slope of the central branch of the Andes Mountains. This new species grows as a lithophyte on high rocks eroded by rain and wind, directly exposed to sunlight and high humidity, product of dense mists. Epidendrum churubambense grows sympatric with other orchid species such as Maxillaria haemathodes (Ruiz &amp; Pavón 1798: 240) Garay (1962: 528), Maxillaria rotundilabia C. Schweinfurth (1944: 232) and Elleanthus aurantiacus (Lindley 1845: 149) Reichenbach (1863: 482). This species was observed flowering in March, at the beginning of the rainy season in that department.</p> <p>Etymology: —In reference to the District of Churubamba in the Department of Huánuco, where the species has been collected.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined: — PERU. Huánuco: Prov. Huánuco, Distrito Chinchao, caserío San Pedro de Carpish, alrededor del túnel de Carpish, 2732 m, 12 Feb 2003, H. Beltrán 5181 (USM!); Pachitea, Distrito Umari, comunidad campesina de San Marcos, 2800 m, 3 Mar 2010, H. Beltrán 6668 (USM!).</p> <p>Conservation status: —DD. Data deficient. This species is currently known from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, central Peru.</p> <p>Taxonomic discussion: — Epidendrum churubambense belongs to the Saxicola group (Hágsater et al. 2019) characterized by the pseudobulbous stems, the caespitose or scandent habit, the prominent spathaceous bract apically rounded, the few-flowered, erect inflorescence, the flowers purple or yellow, and the surface of the vegetative structures often rugose. The new species is recognized by the sepals and petals green-brown, lip yellow, the sepals 19.8 mm long, acuminate, the petals 16.9 mm long, elliptic-lanceolate, pendulous and hidden behind the lateral sepals, the lip 3- lobed, mid-lobe cuneate, apex bilobed, generating a pair of subquadrate lobes; disc with three, fleshy ribs, the mid-rib elongate to the apical sinus, the apex apiculate, slightly revolute. It is similar to E. tetartociclium Collantes &amp; Hágsater (2013: pl. 1487) has sepals light green to creamy green, translucent to somewhat opaque, petals and lip creamy green to citrine-yellow, the mid-lobe light green, translucent to slightly opaque, the sepals 25–26 mm long, elliptic, the petals 20–25 × 8–8.5 mm, oblong-elliptic to oblong-obtrullate, spreading, slightly arching forward; the lateral lobes shaped like a quarter circle, and the mid-lobe with the apex retuse forming a pair of rounded to sub-deltoid lobules. Other related species such as E. monzonense Kraenzlin (1905: 88) which has the roots distributed throughout the rhizome, the leaves 6–9 × 1.5–2 mm, broadly-elliptic, apex sub-bilobed, the sepals brown, 15 × 5 mm, acute, oblong, and the lip yellow, margin erosive, median lobe small, sub-rectangular. Epidendrum herreranum C. Schweinfurth (1943: 350) which has perianth brown-reddish and the inner segments yellow, the sepals 19–20 mm long, ovate-elliptic, the petals 19 × 11 mm, rhombic-spatulate, slightly oblique, the lip with lateral lobes obliquely semi-orbicular with the forward margin truncate, and the mid-lobe obovate flabellate with the apex retuse with a pair of sub-orbicular lobules. Epidendrum acjanacoense Hágsater, E.Santiago &amp; J.Duarte (2020) has purple-brown flowers, the sepals 14–16 mm long, elliptic, the petals 15 × 6.4 mm, obovate-elliptic, the lip 12 × 17.5 mm, the lateral lobes sub-orbicular, the midlobe sub-quadrate, apex bilobulate, short with a small apiculus in the sinus (Table 1, Figure 4).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A387E8C86E565262C5F832FB05F928	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ocupa-Horna, Luis;Jiménez, Marco M.;Salinas, Julian Duarte;Ayala, Elizabeth Santiago;Hágsater, Eric	Ocupa-Horna, Luis, Jiménez, Marco M., Salinas, Julian Duarte, Ayala, Elizabeth Santiago, Hágsater, Eric (2022): Two new species and a new record of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, Peru. Phytotaxa 556 (3): 269-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.3
03A387E8C869565F62C5F970FAB5FE7C.text	03A387E8C869565F62C5F970FAB5FE7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epidendrum unchogense Ocupa et E. Santiago. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Dissected 2022	<div><p>Epidendrum unchogense Ocupa et E.Santiago, sp. nov. (Figure 5)</p> <p>Type:— PERU. Huánuco: Prov. Huánuco, Distrito Churubamba, Área de Conservación Regional Bosque Montano de Carpish, bosque de Unchog, 2817 m, 07 Mar. 2022, L. Ocupa 299 (holotype: USM-Spirit!).</p> <p>Epidendrum unchogense is similar to Epidendrum llatasii Hágsater, A.G.Diaz &amp; E.Santiago (2018: pl. 1679) but differs by the lanceolate (vs. elliptic) leaves, larger flowers, the sepals 20–23 mm long (vs. 12–15 mm long), petals 20 mm long, trullate (vs. 12.5–15 mm long), the lip entire, narrowly ovate with acute apex (vs. lip 3-lobed with truncate apex in the mid-lobe).</p> <p>Description:— Epiphytic, descending, monopodial, branched herb. ca. 10 cm long. Roots ca. 2.5 mm in diameter, basal, white, fleshy, thin. Stems cane-like, terete, slightly sinuous to straight; primary stem ca. 4.5–7.9 × 0.25–0.39 cm, branches ca. 3.8–6 × 0.2–0.34 cm, new branches produced from a sub-apical node of a previous branch, progressively smaller, covered by non-foliar sheaths, 0.8–1.7 × 0.5–0.7 cm, infundibuliform, light brown to dark brown, with purple tones, ancipitose, striate, chartaceous. Leaves ca. 1.5–3.9 × 0.4–0.62 cm, 5–6 per stem, green to purplish brown, abaxially dark purplish, distributed along branches, sub-coriaceous, articulate, distichous, straight to briefly reclined, attenuate, conduplicate at base, lanceolate, channeled in central vein, margin attenuate, apex acuminate. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence ca. 5 cm long, including flowers, apical, pendulous, racemose, few-flowered; peduncle ca. 8.5 mm long, short, thin, terete; rachis ca. 3 mm long, very short. Floral bracts 3.5–5 × 2–3 mm, narrowly triangular, apex attenuate, light green or suffused with purple, membranaceous, embracing. Ovary 1.6–2.1 cm long, clavate, thin, 3-furrowed, purple-greenish and widened towards apex, forming a ventral gibbose vesicle with basal portion of column. Flowers 2 –3, simultaneous, resupinate, nutant; sepals buff-colored, with wine-red spots, petals light green, with wine-red spots below middle, lip cream tinged with wine-red spots in center, column green, wine-red at apex. Sepals free, partly spreading, slightly thickened, lanceolate, concave, 5-veined, margin entire, extended; dorsal sepal 20–22 × 5.8–6 mm, apex acute, adaxially sub-verrucose near apex; lateral sepals 21–23 × 6.5–7 mm, apex acuminate, oblique, unequal, adaxially sub-verrucose. Petals 20 × 4.8–5.3 mm, free, parallel to column, slightly convex, trullate, base long-attenuate, somewhat unequal, 3-veined, apex acute, longitudinally thickened along mid-vein, especially at half apical portion, margins slightly revolute to apical half portion. Lip 17.5 × 14 mm, attached to column, entire, narrowly ovate, deeply ovate at base, apex acute, apical half strongly recurved in natural position; bicallose; callus reniform, fleshy, wine-red, separated, forming a small cavity between them; basal sides of lip convex, microscopic, and shortly ciliated margin, giving appearance of having a bilobed apex. Column 10 × 3.5 mm, clavate, straight, widened at base, forming a ventral, gibbous vesicle with apical portion of ovary; stigma ventral, concave, covered by a viscous substance; lateral lobes of stigma thick, dark vinaceous; clinandrium-hood much reduced, margin entire. Anther 1.43 × 1.78 mm, sub-spherical, yellowish green, 4 celled. Pollinarium formed by 4 pollinia, yellow, in 2 nearly sub-equal pairs, obovoid, flattened at interfaces, caudicles attaching them in pairs, granulose; viscarium semi-liquid. Rostellum apical, slit. Nectary penetrating apical portion of pedicellate ovary, broad, smooth. Capsule not seen.</p> <p>Distribution and ecology: — Epidendrum unchogense is a rare species known presently only from a small area located on the western slope of the central branch of the Andes, in Churubamba District, Huánuco Department (Figure 2). The type specimen was recorded in a small area within the Unchog Montane Forest, in the southern part of the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, growing as an epiphyte on branches of Miconia monzoniensis Cogniaux (1908: 140) (Melastomataceae), between 2663–2817 m altitude, along the trail on the way to Ñaupamarca. This species was observed flowering in March, at the beginning of the rainy season in that department.</p> <p>Etymology: —The specific epithet is named in honor of the montane forest of Unchog, where this unusual Epidendrum was found.</p> <p>Conservation status: —DD. Data deficient. This species is currently known only from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, central Peru.</p> <p>Taxonomic discussion: — Epidendrum unchogense belongs to the Soratae subgroup of the Scabrum group (Santiago &amp; Hágsater 2007: pl. 988) which is characterized by the branching habit starting on a monopodial, primary stem, infundibuliform, rugose leaf-sheaths, lanceolate, aristate, obtuse, acute to subacute leaves, a racemose subcapitate inflorescence on a short, thin peduncle, and the bicallose lip. The new species can be easily recognized by the leaves lanceolate, acuminate apex, the laxly, three-flowered inflorescence, the sepals 20–23 mm long, the petals trullate in the apical half and long attenuate at the base, parallel to the column, the lip entire, narrowly ovate with the apex acute and strongly revolute and a gibbous ventral vesicle, formed between the column and the ovary. It is similar to E. llatasii Hágsater, A.G.Diaz &amp; E.Santiago (2018: pl. 1679), described from northern Peru but recently recorded for the San Pablo de Pillao district of Huánuco (Dalström 3675, digital images, AMO!), has greenish-yellow, concolorous flowers, sepals 12–15 mm long, petals linear with rounded apex and the lip incipiently 3-lobed with the lobe transversely rectangular and the apex truncate strongly revolute. Other related species such as E. carpishense Hágsater, D.Trujillo &amp; E.Santiago (2009: pl. 1215) has 3–4 creamy yellow flowers, concolorous, the sepals 4.5–5 mm long, the petals linear-filiform and the lip reniform. The shape of the callus and revolute apices of the lip of E. unchogense are slightly reminiscent of E. labrychilum Hágsater, Edquén &amp; E.Santiago (2019: pl. 1730) recorded from northern Peru, in San Martín Department, but that species has smaller flowers (sepals 9 mm long) and filiform petals 8 × 0.3 mm, in addition to the lip is 3-lobed with the median lobe short and incipient (Table 2, Figure 6).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A387E8C869565F62C5F970FAB5FE7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ocupa-Horna, Luis;Jiménez, Marco M.;Salinas, Julian Duarte;Ayala, Elizabeth Santiago;Hágsater, Eric	Ocupa-Horna, Luis, Jiménez, Marco M., Salinas, Julian Duarte, Ayala, Elizabeth Santiago, Hágsater, Eric (2022): Two new species and a new record of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, Peru. Phytotaxa 556 (3): 269-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.3
03A387E8C865565D62C5F832FB3CFE58.text	03A387E8C865565D62C5F832FB3CFE58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epidendrum sanctae-rosae Hagsater, Sauleda, Uribe Velez & E. Santiago, Icon. Orchid.	<div><p>Epidendrum sanctae-rosae Hágsater, Sauleda, Uribe Vélez &amp; E.Santiago, Icon. Orchid. 16(1): t. 1657 (2018). (Figure 7)</p> <p>Type: COLOMBIA: Cauca; Mun. Santa Rosa; Santa Rosa, upper reaches of the Caquetá river, 1600 m, November 2016, Ruben P. Sauleda sub Carlos Uribe Vélez s.n., (Holotype: HPUJ).</p> <p>Specimen examined: — PERU. Huánuco: Prov. Huánuco, Distrito Chinchao, Área de Conservación Regional Bosque Montano de Carpish, cerca del caserío Santa María de Quives, 1346 m, 02 Mar. 2022, L. Ocupa 300 (USM).</p> <p>Taxonomic discussion: —Unlike the type, the specimen found in Peru has wine-colored flowers, fleshy callus, complanate at the base, the disc with 3 longer subparallel ribs, with the central rib more prominent, thickened and elevated at the apex, ending in the basal third of the middle lobe. This species was observed flowering in March, growing as an epiphyte on the branches of Brunellia inermis Ruiz &amp; Pavón (1798: 127) (Brunelliaceae) on a trail on the road to the Santa Isabel River. This locality currently corresponds to the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, located within Chinchao District, in the province of Huánuco (Figure 2).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A387E8C865565D62C5F832FB3CFE58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ocupa-Horna, Luis;Jiménez, Marco M.;Salinas, Julian Duarte;Ayala, Elizabeth Santiago;Hágsater, Eric	Ocupa-Horna, Luis, Jiménez, Marco M., Salinas, Julian Duarte, Ayala, Elizabeth Santiago, Hágsater, Eric (2022): Two new species and a new record of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, Peru. Phytotaxa 556 (3): 269-280, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.3.3
