identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AA4E35EB616F71FDE6FE374B104F0C.text	03AA4E35EB616F71FDE6FE374B104F0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siro Latreille 1796	<div><p>Genus Siro Latreille, 1796</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Siro rubens Latreille, 1802.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA4E35EB616F71FDE6FE374B104F0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Karaman, Ivo;Lienhard, Andrea;Niklos, Kathrin;Raspotnig, Guenther	Karaman, Ivo, Lienhard, Andrea, Niklos, Kathrin, Raspotnig, Guenther (2022): Two new species of the genus Siro Latreille, 1796 (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Sironidae) in the European fauna. European Journal of Taxonomy 834 (1): 1-21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1893, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1893
03AA4E35EB616F7DFDBAFD464B4F4E1C.text	03AA4E35EB616F7DFDBAFD464B4F4E1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siro franzi Karaman & Lienhard & Niklos & Raspotnig 2022	<div><p>Siro franzi Karaman &amp; Raspotnig sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 419B880C-C8EF-4E16-B3FE-4F91F6A20C19</p> <p>Figs 4–7</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Smallest European species of Siro, with a slender body and short legs. Females without both protruded anal region and elongate setae on it.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species is dedicated to Professor Herbert Franz, a famous coleopterist from Austria who first found this rare species.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype AUSTRIA – Styria • ♂; Staritsch; 46°41′42.40″ N, 15°11′45.46″ E; 510 m a.s.l.; 8 Oct. 2016; K. Niklos leg.; NHMW 29919.</p> <p>Paratypes AUSTRIA – Styria • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; NHMW 29920 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; GRC KN39, KN40 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 4 Jun. 2016; GRC KN24 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 22 Jun. 2016; GRC KN 25, KN26, KN29, KN30 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 26 Jun. 2016; NHMW 29921 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; GRC KN31 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; 29 Jun. 2016; NHMW 29922 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; GRC KN33 • 3 ♀♀; St Oswald ob Eibiswald; 46°40–42′ N, 15°05–08′ E; 1050 m a.s.l.; 9 Jul. 1960; H. Franz leg.; NHMW 28757 • 1 ♀; E Soboth, “ Golobsattel ”; 46°39–41′ N, 15°05–07′ E; 800–1100 m a.s.l.; 15 Jul. 1964; H. Franz leg.; NHMW 28758 • 1 ♀; Reinischkogel, St Oswald ob Eibiswald – surroundings or St Oswald in Freiland? [collection information uncertain]; 22 Jul. 1964; H. Franz leg.; NHMW 28759 • 1 ♂; Krumbachgraben, W St Oswald ob Eibiswald; 46°41–43′ N, 15°03–06′ E; 1150 m a.s.l.; 21 Aug. 1965; H. Franz leg.; NHMW 28760 • 1 ♂; Krumbach, ca 2 km W of St Oswald ob Eibiswald, Mauthnereck area, forest road to the left of road B69; 46°41′ N, 15°06–07′ E; 800–1000 m a.s.l.; 27 Jun. 2010; G. Raspotnig and I. Karaman leg.; IKC1538. – Carinthia • 1 ♂; southern slopes of the Koralpe, near St Vinzenz, near the border between Carinthia and Styria; 46°40–42′ N, 15°00–01′ E; 1070–1300 m a.s.l.; 14 Aug. 1965; H. Franz leg.; NHMW 28761 • 1 ♂; Soboth upper area of the Höllgraben, near forest road, approx. 20 m after the Styrian border; 46°39′(59″) N, 15°02′(01″) E; ca 1070 m a.s.l.; Jun. 1980; R. Schuster leg.; GRC-RS1.</p> <p>Additional material</p> <p>AUSTRIA – Styria • 1 ♂ (used for SEM); Staritsch; 46°41′42.40″ N, 15°11′45.46″ E, 510 m a.s.l.; 4 Jun. 2016; K. Niklos leg.; GRC KN21 • 1 ♂ (used for SEM); same collection data as for preceding; 8 Oct. 2016; GRC KN35 • 2 ♀♀ (used for SEM); same collection data as for preceding; 22 Jun. 2016; K. Niklos leg.; GRC KN27, KN28 • 2 ♂♂ (used for genetics); same collection data as for preceding; 4 Jun. 2016; K. Niklos leg.; GRC KN22, KN23</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male</p> <p>BODY. If not otherwise stated, mesurements for the male holotype: body length 1.47 mm (males: 1.38–1.6 mm). Body uniformly light brown in color. Dorsum narrow, elongated (almost twice as long as wide) (Fig. 4A); anterior margin of prosoma widely convex; anterolateral margins short, slightly sinuate; posterior margin of opisthosoma bluntly rounded. Ozophores as long as wide at their bases, dorso-laterally oriented (type 2 – after Juberthie 1970). Anal plate ornamented with smooth, narrow and pronounced longitudinal medial ridge (Fig. 4E). All three pores of anal glands close to each other.</p> <p>CHELICERAE. Short (Fig. 5A) (in paratype male 1.47 mm: basal article 0.73 mm long; second article 0.66 mm long), with pronounced ventral bulge and shallow dorsal depression on basal article. Basal article granulated on dorsal lateral and ventral side; medially sparsely granulated. Second article smooth.</p> <p>PEDIPALPS. Of normal proportions (Fig. 5B) (in 1.47 mm long paratype 1.20 mm long without coxa and apotele); trochanter shorter than patella, half length of femur. Legs slightly elongated, all basitarsi and telotarsi without ornamentation. Telotarsus I (as on Fig. 5C) elongated (L/W ratio: 3.75), with distinct soleae. Claws I smooth and short. Telotarsus IV elongate (L/W ratio: 3) with adenostyle at base of second third of its length (as on Fig. 5D); adenostyle of tubular lancet form (Fig. 5E). Measurements of legs (without coxae and claws): I 1.50 mm; II 1.45 mm; III 1.21 mm; IV 1.53 mm.</p> <p>VENTRAL PROSOMAL COMPLEX (Fig. 4C). Coxal lobes II anteriory wider for a third of its posterior width, less than three times as wide as long; coxal lobes III short, mediallly slightly protruded between coxal lobes II; conical processes situated laterally on frontal margin of gonostome.</p> <p>SPERMATOPOSITOR (Fig. 6). Short and wide, with short terminal lobe. Distal part of terminal lobe slightly scale-like sclerotized. Setae terminales (5) short, about third of spermatopositor length; setae dorsales (6) long, two lateral pairs almost as long as spermatopositor. Three setae laterales on each side. Setae ventrales (3) standing on the terminal fourth of spermatopositor length. Movable fingers short, slightly sclerotized, curved outward, reach margin of median lobe; sensory papillae widely separated.</p> <p>Female</p> <p>Body length 1.5–1.72 mm, without protruding of anal region and without long lateral setae on it (Fig. 4F). Dorsum (Fig. 4B) narrow elongated, almost twice as long as wide; ventral prosomal complex (Fig. 4D) – coxal lobes II as in male, coxal lobes III short, meeting each other in middle, mediallly protruded between coxal lobes II. Ovipositor apical lobes (Fig. 7) more than three times as long as previous article. Receptacles of saccate form. Openings of receptacles situated on half of apical lobe length. Each apical lobe bearing one terminal, one ramified and 15 simple setae. Measurements of legs, without coxae and claws (female 1.5 mm body length): I 1.62 mm; II 1.42 mm; III 1.25 mm; IV 1.645 mm.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Initial information on this new species was previously presented in Raspotnig et al. (2011). There, we speculatively treated S. franzi sp. nov. as a member of a new genus based on the absence of a protruded anal region in females of this species, which is a striking feature of all other European species of Siro (including S. ozimeci Karaman sp. nov., described below). We consider this character a synapomorphy of European Siro. This character is also not present in North American species of Siro, which are considered members of separate evolutionary lineages. Genetic analyses indicated the new species as sister to Siro valleorum and S. crassus, both of which are alpine species. The close relatedness of S. franzi and S. valleorum is also supported by some morphological characters. The structure of the spermatopositor and the coxosternal region (coxosternite II) are more similar among these two species compared to other species of the genus Siro. The absence of a protruded anal region in females of S. franzi, a character that is extremely pronounced in S. valleorum, is thus interpreted as a character loss. The structure of the anal plate, with a narrow and pronounced longitudinal carina followed by tightly spaced pores of anal glands (whose total spacing corresponds to the width of the carina), is a common feature of all alpine species of Siro, i.e., S. valleorum, S. crassus, S. ozimeci and S. franzi. In the remaining two European species of Siro (S. rubens and S. carpaticus) the longitudinal carina is low and wide, especially in the posterior part, accompanied by spaced pores.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA4E35EB616F7DFDBAFD464B4F4E1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Karaman, Ivo;Lienhard, Andrea;Niklos, Kathrin;Raspotnig, Guenther	Karaman, Ivo, Lienhard, Andrea, Niklos, Kathrin, Raspotnig, Guenther (2022): Two new species of the genus Siro Latreille, 1796 (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Sironidae) in the European fauna. European Journal of Taxonomy 834 (1): 1-21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1893, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1893
03AA4E35EB6A6F79FDFEFED64AA34B41.text	03AA4E35EB6A6F79FDFEFED64AA34B41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siro ozimeci Karaman & Lienhard & Niklos & Raspotnig 2022	<div><p>Siro ozimeci Karaman sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D68ADC39-9D31-446D-BBFD-7E57095550C4</p> <p>Figs 8–10</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Long-legged robust species of Siro with wide body. Female with pronounced anal protrusion of cubic form. Metatarsi of legs I–IV ornamented.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species is dedicated to its finder, our colleage and friend from Zagreb, Roman Ozimec.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype CROATIA • ♀; Mt. Medvednica, Horvatove stube; 700 m a.s.l.; 13 Apr. 2008; R. Ozimec leg.; GMV 100066.</p> <p>Paratype CROATIA • 1 ♂; Mt. Žumberak, Sekulići, entrance of a small cave – Špilja kod Juraševe livade; 780 m a.s.l.; 6 Jan. 1998; T. Rubinić leg.; GMV 100067.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Female (holotype)</p> <p>BODY. Length 2.43 mm (L/W 1.56); body uniformly light brown in color. Dorsum wide, stocky (Fig. 8B); anterior margin widely convex; anterolateral margins short, sinuate; opisthosoma with deep transverse sulci; posterior margin of opisthosoma with pronounced anal protrusion of cubic form, three times as wide as long (Fig. 8D). Anal plate without longitudinal medial ridge. Ozophores as long as wide at their bases, dorso-laterally oriented (type 2).</p> <p>CHELICERAE (Fig. 9A). Slightly elongated and robust. Basal article, 1.2 mm, with strongly pronounced ventral bulge; granulated on dorsal lateral and ventral side; medially sparsely granulated; second article 1.3 mm long, smooth, medially with a longitudial row of sparse denticles.</p> <p>PEDIPALPS (Fig. 9B). Elongated, 2.14 mm long (without coxa and apotele); trochanter sparsely granulated, significantly shorter than patella, half length of femur.</p> <p>LEGS. Elongated, all basitarsi ornamented. Telotarsus I (Fig. 9C) elongated (L/W ratio: 4.5), with distinct soleae. Claws I smooth and slightly curved. Telotarsus IV elongate (L/W ratio: 4.44) (Fig. 9D). Claws IV strong. Measurements of legs (without coxae and claws): I 3 mm; II 2.83 mm; III 2.56 mm; IV 3.12 mm.</p> <p>VENTRAL PROSOMAL COMPLEX (Fig. 8C). Coxal lobes II anterior width more than twice as wide as posterior width, 3.7 times as wide as long; coxal lobes III short, medially slightly protruded between coxal lobes II. Spiracles (Fig. 8E) circular in shape.</p> <p>OVIPOSITOR APICAL LOBES (Fig. 10). More than three times as long as terminal article. Receptacles of saccate form, narrowed in basal third. Openings of receptacles situated in base of terminal half of apical lobe length. Each apical lobe bearing one terminal, one ramified and 23 simple setae.</p> <p>Male (paratype)</p> <p>The paratype male 2.32 mm long (L/W 1.56) (Fig. 9B). It was inadequately preserved, dried and mounted on glue board and for this reason some morphological details could not be researched. No further material became available to study the spermatopositor and details of the anal plate. Coxal lobes II same as in holotype female. Gonostome semicircular, twice as wide as long. Conical processes of coxal lobes IV situated antero-laterally on anterior margin of gonostome. Spiracles circular in shape as in females.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Siro ozimeci sp. nov. is considered to be closely related to S. crassus, from which it is distinguished by a more robust and wider body as well as a more pronounced anal protrusion in females. Minor differences are also expressed in the profile of the coxal lobes II and III. Coxal lobes III and the posterior part of coxal lobes II of S. ozimeci are narrower than in S. crassus. Both species are exceptional in the genus by the robustness of their bodies, elongated legs and fully ornamented basitarsi, and the extended coxal lobes II. The similar profile of coxal lobes II, spiracles, chelicerae structure, proportions of pedipalp articles and ovipositor setation also point to their close kinship, probably representing the two closest species in the genus. They are also spatially close. The southernmost known locality for S. crassus is only 40 km air distance from the northernmost known locality (type locality) of S. ozimeci.</p> <p>In Novak &amp; Giribet (2006: fig. 27), the leg I of a S. crassus female is erronously indicated as IV. That is the reason for the striking difference between the illustrations of leg IV in these two closely related species.</p> <p>Deep transverse opisthosomal sulci and, because of that, a wrinkled appearance of the S. ozimeci sp. nov. holotype female is most likely not a characteristic feature females in this species rather than an aberration.</p> <p>The species is distributed in a Peripannonian region in the border zone between the Pannonian Basin, Prealps and Dinarides of the Balkan. It is the only representative of the genus Siro present on the Balkan Peninsula (albeit only partially, in its extreme northwestern rim).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA4E35EB6A6F79FDFEFED64AA34B41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Karaman, Ivo;Lienhard, Andrea;Niklos, Kathrin;Raspotnig, Guenther	Karaman, Ivo, Lienhard, Andrea, Niklos, Kathrin, Raspotnig, Guenther (2022): Two new species of the genus Siro Latreille, 1796 (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Sironidae) in the European fauna. European Journal of Taxonomy 834 (1): 1-21, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1893, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.834.1893
