identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
916CBB25971C5771B5BD698346AD4015.text	916CBB25971C5771B5BD698346AD4015.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anopaea ? sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Anopaea? sp.</p>
            <p>Plate 1, fig. 10</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Fragmented right valve from the upper? member at Langza (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 67).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p>The specimen represents a poorly preserved, nearly flat posterior fragment of a right valve. It is ornamented with broad, irregular growth folds and superimposed fine commarginal growth lines. Two oblique shallow grooves extend for some distance towards the ventral margin.</p>
            <p> As the outline of the specimen is not clear, its identification is questionable.  Inoceramus stoliczkai Holdhaus (1913, p. 418, pl. 98, figs 10-11) from the Niti Pass, according to Crame (1981) and Zell et al. (2015) an  Anopaea , differs in outline and in having well-spaced, far more acute commarginal folds. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/916CBB25971C5771B5BD698346AD4015	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
68BE9AC6011F500088C0543D9731FA7A.text	68BE9AC6011F500088C0543D9731FA7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anopaea Eichwald 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Anopaea Eichwald, 1861</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Inoceramus lobatus Auerbach &amp; Frears, 1846. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/68BE9AC6011F500088C0543D9731FA7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
0FDAA1B3F5545E559CE876A70EC578E5.text	0FDAA1B3F5545E559CE876A70EC578E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australobuchia blanfordiana (Stoliczka 1866)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Australobuchia blanfordiana (Stoliczka, 1866)</p>
            <p>Plate 3, figs 4-5</p>
            <p> 1864 Monotis concentricus Blanford - Blanford: 136, pl. 4, figs 6-7. </p>
            <p> non 1865 Monotis concentricus Blanford - Salter: 91, pl. 22, fig. 4. </p>
            <p> *1866 Ancella [sic]  Blanfordiana , Stol. - Stoliczkai: 88. </p>
            <p> 1913 Aucella blanfordiana , Stolczkai - Holdhaus: 412, pl. 98, figs 1-9. </p>
            <p> 1976 Buchia blanfordiana (Stoliczka) - Wen: 86, pl. 20, figs 1-6. </p>
            <p> 1976 Buchia blanfordiana (Stoliczka) - Gu et al. 150, pl. 46, figs 17-25. </p>
            <p> 1988 Buchia blanfordiana (Stoliczka 1866) - Li and Grant-Mackie: 252, fig. 2J-K. </p>
            <p> 2005 Buchia blanfordiana (Stoliczka) - Xia and Bai: 502, pl. 1, figs 5, 7, 8. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>One internal mould of a left valve from the middle? member close to the pass to Tashigeng (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 44); one right valve, two right valve internal moulds, five left valveinternal moulds, and one crushed articulated specimen from the upper member close to the pass to Demul (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 44-46).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p> The species differs from  A. spitiensis in being less strongly oblique and less posteroventrally elongated. According to Holdhaus (1913, p. 413), the species is quite variable with respect to shape and ornamentation. Whether it is, in fact, conspecific with  A. spitiensis cannot be evaluated with the present poorly preserved material. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FDAA1B3F5545E559CE876A70EC578E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
E93C388BEE0A58C8B85DA143EE13AAD3.text	E93C388BEE0A58C8B85DA143EE13AAD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australobuchia spitiensis (Holdhaus 1913)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Australobuchia spitiensis (Holdhaus, 1913)</p>
            <p>Plate 3, fig. 3</p>
            <p> *1913 Aucella spitiensis n.sp. form. typ. - Holdhaus: 410, pl. 97, fig. 8-11. </p>
            <p> ?1913 Aucella spitienis grandis nov. form. - Holdhaus: 411, pl. 97, fig. 7. </p>
            <p> ?1913 Aucella spitiensis superba nov. form. - Holdhaus: 411, pl. 97, fig. 13. </p>
            <p> ?1913 Aucella spitiensis extensa nov. form. - Holdhaus: 411, pl. 97, fig. 12. </p>
            <p> 1959 Buchia spitiensis (Holdhaus) - Fleming: 898, figs 15, 16, 20C, D </p>
            <p> 1976 Buchia spitiensis (Holdhaus) - Wen: 85, pl. 21, fig. 1. </p>
            <p> 1976 Buchia spitiensis (Holdhaus) - Gu et al.: 151, pl. 46, figs 3-7. </p>
            <p> 1988 Buchia spitiensis Holdhaus 1903 - Li and Grant-Mackie: 253, fig. 2A, B. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Composite moulds of one articulated and one right valve and external moulds of fragments of one right and one left valve from the middle member, roadside close to Komic (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 43) and from the upper member close to Demul Pass (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 43).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Poorly preserved composite and external moulds, some with remains of shell, obliquely elongated, higher than long (H: 25.8 mm, L: 23.1 mm). Mould of right valve moderately inflated, with distinctly sloping anterior and posterior flank and inconspicuous umbo; mould of left valve strongly inflated, umbo prominent, beak incurved, prosogyrate. Anterior and posterior margins sub-parallel, weakly convex, ventral margin strongly convex. Surface covered with numerous growth folds of varying strength. Anterior auricle of right valve concave, tongue-like, not level with commissure but directed slightly towards left valve.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Most specimens are strongly flattened and fragmentary so that diagnostic features are difficult to observe.  Australobuchia spitiensis as described by Holdhaus (1913) varies considerably in outline and degree of obliquity. Holdhaus (1913) distinguished altogether four varieties (forma  Australobuchia spitiensis typica , forma  Australobuchia spitiensis grandis , forma  Australobuchia spitiensis extensa , and forma  Australobuchia spitiensis superba ). Due to the limited information from the present specimens, we cannot evaluate these varieties. Our material corresponds most closely to his forma  Australobuchia spitiensis typica . The species is also common in the Mt. Everest region (e.g., Wen 1976). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E93C388BEE0A58C8B85DA143EE13AAD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
B90009F903E05AA8832A7B3A864E05A5.text	B90009F903E05AA8832A7B3A864E05A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Australobuchia Zakharov 1981	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Australobuchia Zakharov, 1981</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Aucella plicata Zittel, 1864. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The generic assignment of the two species described below is still under discussion. Most recent authors (e.g., Crame 1990; Hikuroa and Grant-Mackie 2008) follow Zakharov (1981), who regarded buchiids from high latitudes of the southern hemisphere as belonging to a different lineage than those from the northern hemisphere and therefore included them in his new genus  Australobuchia . Other authors (e.g., Crame 1986, 1993) argue that more research is needed to understand the origin and evolution of the bipolar benthic faunas, which may have resulted from fragmentation of an originally wide distribution or by dispersal. The Spiti area at the northern margin of the Indian craton bordering the Neotethys during the Late Jurassic occupied a southern palaeolatitude between 20-30° according to the Paleolatitude Calculator of van Hinsbergen et al. (2015). The occurrence of high latitude southern taxa at relatively low latitudes can be explained by their restriction to outer shelf and slope environments where, due to upwelling, lower water temperatures prevailed (compare Alberti et al. 2021;  Fürsich et al. 2021). In this context, isothermal submergence may explain the way polar faunas were able to cross the tropics (e.g., Crame 1993). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B90009F903E05AA8832A7B3A864E05A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
41BC791D8BD851B891CA7ACC5F81BBE2.text	41BC791D8BD851B891CA7ACC5F81BBE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bositra buchii (Roemer 1836)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bositra buchii (Roemer, 1836)</p>
            <p>Plate 3, figs 1, 2</p>
            <p> *1836 Posidonia Buchii Nob. - Roemer: 81, pl. 4, fig. 8. </p>
            <p> 1930 Posidonia ornati Quenstedt - Weir: 83, pl. 10, figs 14-21. </p>
            <p> ?1935 Posidonia somaliensis sp. nov. - Cox: 166, pl. 15, figs 7-8. </p>
            <p> 1938 Posidonia ornati Quenstedt - Weir: 45, pl. 3, fig. 6. </p>
            <p> 1940 Posidonia ornati Quenstedt - Cox: 103, pl. 7, figs 10-11. </p>
            <p> ?1965 Bositra somaliensis (Cox) - Cox: 50, pl. 6, fig. 2. </p>
            <p> 1994 Bositra buchii - Oschmann: 424, fig. 9b-d. </p>
            <p> 1995 Bositra buchii - Oschmann: 33, fig. 10b-e. </p>
            <p> 1995 Bositra buchi (Roemer 1836) - Jaitly et al.: 175, pl. 8, figs 6-9. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Numerous composite moulds from the basal silty black shales of the lower member at Langza (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 18-20).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Small-sized, feebly inflated, generally longer than high, obliquely ovate but occasionally suborbicular composite moulds. Dorsal margin short, straight, remaining margins well-rounded. Umbo inconspicuous, not protruding beyond dorsal margin and situated slightly anterior of mid-line of shell. Surface covered with 16-18 broad, rounded commarginal ribs, separated by narrow interstices.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Bositra buchii is a very widespread opportunistic byssate bivalve able to tolerate dysoxic conditions (Oschmann 1994). It occurs profusely in black silty shales at the base of the lower member at Langza, where it forms near-monospecific assemblages. </p>
            <p> The species is morphologically quite variable in outline, as has been documented by Conti and Monari (1992). Whether the more orbicular  Bositra somaliensis (Cox, 1935) from the Kimmeridgian of Somalia falls within the range of variation of  B. buchii requires a study of the type material of that species. </p>
            <p>Order Pectinida Gray, 1854</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41BC791D8BD851B891CA7ACC5F81BBE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
AB8D1FF30BD25E7C8107932E41C0C8F8.text	AB8D1FF30BD25E7C8107932E41C0C8F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bositra De Gregorio 1886	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Bositra De Gregorio, 1886</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Posidonia ornati Quenstedt, 1851 (=  Posidonia Buchii Roemer, 1836). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB8D1FF30BD25E7C8107932E41C0C8F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
17F8A39D38F45D4C9C9AC167FFFA8590.text	17F8A39D38F45D4C9C9AC167FFFA8590.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camptonectes (Camptochlamys) obscurus (J. Sowerby 1818)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Camptonectes (Camptochlamys) obscurus (J. Sowerby, 1818)</p>
            <p>Plate 3, fig. 13</p>
            <p> Pecten obscura *1818  Pecten obscura - J. Sowerby: 3, pl. 205, fig. 1. </p>
            <p> Camptonectes indicus 1852  Camptonectes indicus sp. nov. - Cox: 25, pl. 3, figs 1-4. </p>
            <p> Camptonectes Germaniae ?1939  Camptonectes Germaniae (  d’Orb .) - Stefanini: 171, pl. 19, fig. 11. </p>
            <p> 1956 Camptonectes indicus Cox - Agrawal: 77, pl. 9, fig. 5. </p>
            <p> 1968 Camptonectes indicus Cox - Maithani: 505, pl. 33, fig. 6. </p>
            <p> 1979 Camptonectes (Indonectes) obscurus (J. Sowerby) subgen. nov. - Kanjilal: 120, fig. 6. </p>
            <p> 1983 Camptonectes (Indonectes) obscurus (J. Sowerby) - Singh and Jaitly: 47, pl. 1, fig. 5. </p>
            <p> 1995 Camptonectes (Camptochlamys) obscurus (J. Sowerby, 1818) - Jaitly et al.: 196, pl. 19, figs 7-8. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A single left valve partly in shell preservation, seen from the interior, from the lower member near the pass to Tashigeng (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 13).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell suboval, higher than long (H: 22.2 mm, L: ~20 mm), moderately inflated, anteroventral, posteroventral and ventral margins rounded and regularly curved; antero- and posterodorsal margins of disc sub-straight. Anterior auricle large, distinctly set off from anterodorsal flank, which is more steeply sloping than posterodorsal flank. Tip of umbo and posterior auricle missing, anterior and posterior margin of disc also not fully preserved. Disc ornamented with thin, sharp, regularly spaced commarginal ribs and numerous thin divaricate radial grooves, separated by smooth, flat intervals about twice the width of the grooves. Umbonal area with thin radial riblets. Anterior auricle covered with spaced commarginal riblets intersected by thin radial riblets, creating a reticulate pattern.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The specimen closely corresponds to the diagnosis of  Camptonectes (Camptochlamys) obscurus as given by Johnson (1984). So far, the species has not been recorded from the Himalayan shelf of the southern Tethys, but it occurs in the Callovian of the Kachchh Basin further south (Cox 1952; Jaitly et al. 1995) and possibly also in other parts of the Ethiopian faunal province (e.g., as  Camptonectes germaniae (  d’Orbigny , 1850) in Somalia; Stefanini 1939 p. 171, pl. 19, fig. 11). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/17F8A39D38F45D4C9C9AC167FFFA8590	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
39434012230752BBA33B2B7D44318256.text	39434012230752BBA33B2B7D44318256.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camptonectes (Camptochlamys) Arkell 1930	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Camptochlamys Arkell, 1930</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Pecten intertextus Roemer, 1839. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/39434012230752BBA33B2B7D44318256	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
E7EF531714F45C8F84F8FAF6F1C68F7C.text	E7EF531714F45C8F84F8FAF6F1C68F7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlamys (Chlamys) Röding 1798	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Subgenus Chlamys 
Roeding
, 1798
</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Pecten islandicus Müller , 1776. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7EF531714F45C8F84F8FAF6F1C68F7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
2BED6F23D62053E0B0EDEDB647AA0F18.text	2BED6F23D62053E0B0EDEDB647AA0F18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlamys (Chlamys) textoria (Schlotheim 1820)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chlamys (Chlamys) cf. textoria (Schlotheim, 1820)</p>
            <p>Plate 4, fig. 2</p>
            <p> cf. 1820 Pectinites textorius - Schlotheim, p. 229. </p>
            <p> cf. 1952 Chlamys (Chlamys) ambigua (  Münster ) - Cox: 4, pl. 1, figs 2-4. </p>
            <p> cf. 1965 Chlamys subtextoria (  Münster ) - Cox: 55, pl. 7, fig. 8. </p>
            <p> cf. 1984 Chlamys (Chlamys) textoria (Schlotheim 1820) - Johnson: 163, pl. 6, figs 10-12, pl. 7, figs 1-21, pl. 8, figs 1-3, 5-20,?4, text-figs 146-157. </p>
            <p> cf. 1995 Chlamys (Chlamys) textoria (Schlotheim 1820) - Jaitly et al.: 197, pl. 20, figs 3-7. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A single, incomplete right valve from the lower member at Langza (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 11).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Somewhat abraded right valve with ventral part missing. Early disc suborbicular, equilateral, poorly inflated. Auricles well-demarcated from disc. Posterior auricle relatively small, forming obtuse angle with disc. Disc with ~19 radial plicae plus some very faint ones near anterior and posterior end. Number of plicae increasing ventrally by bifurcating. No growth lines or commarginal lamellae seen due to poor preservation.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The poorly preserved specimen can be placed in  Chlamys (C.) textoria with reservation only. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2BED6F23D62053E0B0EDEDB647AA0F18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
BF67FA6A676351338EE240035884D671.text	BF67FA6A676351338EE240035884D671.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptocardia Palmer 1974	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Cryptocardia Palmer, 1974</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Cryptocardia bajocensis Palmer, 1974. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF67FA6A676351338EE240035884D671	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
C8D017AD582A5015974F3E1CC77BA200.text	C8D017AD582A5015974F3E1CC77BA200.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptocardia sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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        <div>
            <p> Cryptocardia sp.</p>
            <p>Plate 5, fig. 8</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A single right valve internal mould with remains of shell from the lower member close to the pass to Tashigeng (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 40).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Specimen small, subequilateral, well-inflated, nearly as long as high (H: 17.2 mm; L: 16.6 mm). Umbo mesial, prominent, broad, protruding beyond hinge line, orthogyrate; beaks slightly prosogyrate and distinctly incurved. Anterior margin convex, ventral margin broadly arched, posterodorsal margin oblique, nearly straight, grading smoothly into rounded posteroventral margin. Posterodorsal margin forming a rounded shoulder with posterior margin. Two narrow parallel grooves, separated by equally narrow shell interval, extending from posterior side of umbo to posteroventral end of shell. Shell surface covered with fine, dense, commarginal striae. Hinge features not seen.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The diagnostic feature of  Cryptocardia , two parallel radial ridges on the inside of the right valve, are clearly seen in the present internal mould as grooves. The genus has been erected by Palmer (1974) based on material from Pliensbachian to Callovian strata. Palmer established four new species based on differences in the outline of the shell and the size of the umbones. The present specimen cannot be accommodated in any of the four species, but is closest to his  C. morrisi from the Callovian of Tanzania. As only a single specimen is available, we refrain from creating a new species and, instead, keep it in open nomenclature. </p>
            <p> Genus  Integricardium Rollier, 1912 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8D017AD582A5015974F3E1CC77BA200	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
7C4E00C972CF566C9DD0950A0664175B.text	7C4E00C972CF566C9DD0950A0664175B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenostreon Eichwald 1862	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Ctenostreon Eichwald, 1862</p>
            <p> Type species.  Ostracites pectiniformis Schlotheim, 1820. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C4E00C972CF566C9DD0950A0664175B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
0F5022E8D5A15EC4A4C6631E0E99A8AD.text	0F5022E8D5A15EC4A4C6631E0E99A8AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenostreon sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ctenostreon sp.</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>One small fragment from the Ferruginous Oolite Formation near Chichim (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 21).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p> The very small fragment of a thick shell carries large, rounded, somewhat irregular radial ribs. The fragment can be differentiated from the genus  Trichites by lacking the prismatic shell structure of the latter, and from large ribbed oysters such as  Actinostreon marshii by the rounded nature of the ribs. The fragment is too small to warrant photographic documentation. </p>
            <p>Infraclass Heteroconchia Hertwig, 1895</p>
            <p>Order Trigoniida Dall, 1889</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F5022E8D5A15EC4A4C6631E0E99A8AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
7AD95DD1AEF15CB7B61B38778613EBC8.text	7AD95DD1AEF15CB7B61B38778613EBC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entolium (Entolium) corneolum (Young & Bird 1828)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Entolium (Entolium) corneolum (Young &amp; Bird, 1828)</p>
            <p>Plate 3, fig. 11</p>
            <p> Pecten corneolus *1828  Pecten corneolus - Young and Bird: 234, pl. 9, fig. 5. </p>
            <p> Pecten 1924  Pecten (Entolium) demissum Phillips - Hennig: 14, pl. 2, figs 1-2. </p>
            <p> 1933 Pecten (Entolium) solidus Roemer - Dietrich: 65, pl. 8, figs 118, 119. </p>
            <p> 1938 Entolium demissum (Phillips) - Weir: 46, pl. 3, fig. 8. </p>
            <p> 1939 Entolium demissum (Phillips) - Stefanini: 179, pl. 22, figs 2-3. </p>
            <p> 1965 Entolium corneolum (Young &amp; Bird) - Cox: 1965: 51. </p>
            <p> 1981 Entolium (Entolium) corneolum (Young &amp; Bird) - Kanjilal: 265, pl. 1, fig. 1. </p>
            <p> 1995 Entolium (Entolium) corneolum (Young &amp; Bird, 1828) - Jaitly et al.: 193: pl. 18, figs 8-9. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Internal mould of a left valve from the lower member at Langza (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 15).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Disc subovate, smooth, poorly inflated. Length 21.7 mm, height&gt;25 mm. Auricles well demarcated from disc, only partly preserved, anterior auricle apparently larger than posterior one. Anterior, posterior, and ventral margin forming a semi-circle.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The specimen can be referred to  Entolium (E.) corneolum without doubt, based on its outline, even though no shell is preserved. Left valves of  E. corneolum ,  E. lunare (Roemer, 1839), and  E. orbiculare (J. Sowerby, 1817) are very similar, but differ with respect to stratigraphic and/or geographic distribution (Johnson 1984). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7AD95DD1AEF15CB7B61B38778613EBC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
E3122CA80CEB54D9A5662506C8947C7D.text	E3122CA80CEB54D9A5662506C8947C7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entolium (Entolium) Meek 1865	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Entolium Meek, 1865</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Pecten demissus Phillips, 1829 (=  Entolium demissum Meek, 1865). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3122CA80CEB54D9A5662506C8947C7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
4BE21CAC35935506A6BBD2A3D2EDD349.text	4BE21CAC35935506A6BBD2A3D2EDD349.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grammatodon (Cosmetodon) sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Grammatodon (Cosmetodon) sp.</p>
            <p>Plate 1, figs 8, 9</p>
            <p> Parallelodon ?1998?  Parallelodon sp. indet. - Kanjilal and Pathak: 33, pl. 1, fig. 2. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Two right valves from the lower member at the Kaza-Hikkim road (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 2).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell strongly elongated, hinge line long, straight, position of umbo distinctly anterior of mid-line of the shell. Shallow umbonal sulcus widening ventrally and resulting in slight indentation of ventral margin. Umbonal ridge broadly rounded, area posterior of umbonal ridge concave. Surface covered with numerous delicate radial riblets and fine commarginal growth lines and, towards ventral margin, with several commarginal grooves corresponding to growth halts. Cardinal area narrow, attaining its greatest width below umbo. Posterior teeth long, extending parallel to dorsal margin of hinge plate, anterior teeth shorter, oblique, and directed posteriorly towards point below the hinge line.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The specimens, in which the anterior and posterior ends are missing, has been dorso-ventrally compacted. As a result, the two valves have become separated and slightly distorted so that the inflation has been artificially increased. Due to its poor preservation, an identification at the species level is not possible. However, the specimen exhibits the characteristic features of the subgenus  Parallelodon Cosmetodon , such as a strongly elongated shell, long, straight hinge line, a position of the umbo distinctly anterior of the mid-line of shell, and a shallow umbonal sulcus that widens ventrally and is responsible for a slightly indented ventral margin. </p>
            <p>Order Myalinida Paul, 1939</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BE21CAC35935506A6BBD2A3D2EDD349	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
85397F7B858F5C20A5B1ADD9F8CA1EB7.text	85397F7B858F5C20A5B1ADD9F8CA1EB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus (Stoliczka 1866)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus (Stoliczka, 1866)</p>
            <p>Plate 1, figs 5-7; Fig. 3</p>
            <p> 1831 Arca sp. - Herbert: 272, pl. 17, fig. 6. </p>
            <p> 1833 Arca sp. - Everest: 114, pl. 2, fig. 27. </p>
            <p> 1864 Cucullaea virgata - Blanford: 136 (non J. de C. Sowerby, 1840). </p>
            <p> Macrodon egertonianum *1866  Macrodon Egertonianum Stol. - Stoliczka: 89, pl. 8, fig. 7. </p>
            <p> non 1908 Parallelodon egertonianus , Stoliczka - Newton and Crick: 5, pl. 1, figs 1-4. </p>
            <p> 1913 Arca (Cucullaea) egertoniana , Stoliczka - Holdhaus: 434, pl. 95, figs 1-10. </p>
            <p> non 1935 Parallelodon egertonianus (Stoliczka) - Cox: 160. </p>
            <p> non 1937 Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus (Stoliczka) - Cox: 196, pl. 15, figs 10-11. (=  G. (I.) virgatus J. de C. Sowerby, 1840) </p>
            <p> non 1939 Grammatodon egertonianus (Stol.) - Stefanini: 222, pl. 24, figs 7-10. (=  G. (I.) virgatus J. de C. Sowerby, 1840) </p>
            <p> non 1959 Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus (Stoliczka) - Jaboli: 48, pl. 5, fig. 12. </p>
            <p> non 1976 Cucullaea egertoniana (Stoliczka) - Gu et al.:125, pl. 45, figs 1-6. </p>
            <p> non 1983 Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus (Stoliczka) - Gou and Li: pl. 2, fig. 6. </p>
            <p> non 1997 Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus (Stoliczka) - Gardner and Campbell: 495, fig. 5I. </p>
            <p> 1998 Indogrammatodon egertonianus (Stoliczka, 1865) - Kanjilal and Pathak: 34, pl. 1, fig. 3. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Six right and four left valves and 18 articulated specimens in shell preservation from the lower member of the Spiti Shale Formation at Langza (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 5, 6, 8, 9), Kazam-Hikkim road (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 3), Kibber (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 7), and near the pass to Tashigeng (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 4). The specimens are invariably distorted due to compaction and partly incomplete.</p>
            <p>Dimension.</p>
            <p>See Table 2.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell rhomboidal to trapezoidal in outline, much longer than high (Fig. 3). Ventral margin straight to slightly sinuous, grading smoothly into curved anterior margin, which forms an angle of 80-90° with the hinge line. Posterior margin convex ventrally and straight, oblique dorsally, forming an angle of ~130° with hinge line. Hinge line straight. Posterodorsal carina pronounced near umbo, becoming rounded and indistinct towards posteroventral margin. Area posterior of umbonal ridge concave. Umbo situated one-third to two-fifths of hinge length from anterior end, forward directed and incurved. Ornamentation of right valve slightly differing from that of left valve. Number of radial ribs of right valve (16-19) larger than that of left valves (12-17). Radial ribs present only on flank and not posterior of the umbonal ridge, equally spaced except for the anteriormost part of shell where their distance is much wider. Rib density greatest at middle of flank. Ribs of left valve of equal strength, slightly stronger than those of right valve. No intercalatory ribs present. Ribs of right valve widely spaced, with intercalations of 1-2 weak secondaries towards posterior. Both valves with distinct commarginal growth rugae; at intersections of growth rugae and radial ribs small nodes are developed.</p>
            <p>Ligament area long, relatively narrow, with numerous chevron-shaped grooves. Except for fragments of hinge no internal features seen. Hinge with 3-4 moderately long anterior teeth, arranged parallel to hinge margin anteriorly, converging towards ventral margin of hinge plate posteriorly. Posterior teeth longer, subparallel to dorsal margin of hinge. All teeth serrated. short central teeth not seen.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Nearly all specimens are distorted by compaction. Commonly, the dorso-ventral axis has been shortened suggesting that the individuals are preserved in growth position. Due to this distortion, the length-height ratio could not be calculated and the inflation could not be measured.  G. (I.) egertonianus is closely related to  G. (I.) virgatus (J. de C. Sowerby, 1840), which is widespread within the Ethiopian faunal province. It differs from the present species by being less elongated, having far more radial ribs on both valves, and the difference in ribbing between right and left valve is much more pronounced (see, for example, the specimens figured by Cox 1940, pl. 2, figs 22-30 from the Jurassic of Kachchh). These differences have already been noted by Stoliczka (1865). The specimens recorded as  Parallelodon egertonianus Stol. by Basse (1930, p. 109, fig. 3a, b) from Ethiopia, Newton and Crick (1908, p. 5, pl. 1, figs 1-4) from the Arabian Peninsula, Stefanini (1925, p. 171, pl. 31, figs 6-7) from Somalia, and Weir (1930, p. 81, pl. 9, figs 12, 12a) from Kenya are generally much shorter and more densely ribbed and belong to  G. (I.) virgatus or related forms. This is probably also true of the material listed by Cox (1935) from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian of Somalia The specimen of  P. egertonianus Stoliczka figured by Trechmann (1923, p. 263, pl. 14, fig. 8) from the Jurassic of New Zealand is too poorly preserved to warrant a precise identification. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/85397F7B858F5C20A5B1ADD9F8CA1EB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
CE137301713D547F82FC4E8B8872C1FF.text	CE137301713D547F82FC4E8B8872C1FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) Cox 1937	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Indogrammatodon Cox, 1937</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Cucullaea virgata J. de C. Sowerby, 1840. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE137301713D547F82FC4E8B8872C1FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
C8B1E87319C35AB09A5D166B999347B6.text	C8B1E87319C35AB09A5D166B999347B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gryphaeidae J. Sowerby 1814	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gryphaeidae indet.</p>
            <p>Plate 2, figs 5, 6</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Four single valves, partly preserved as internal moulds, from the upper member close to the Demul Pass (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 37-38).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p> The comparatively small (H: 11-19 mm), poorly preserved specimens are nearly flat and covered with irregular growth rugae. The available features preclude a precise identification. Possibly, they belong to the common Jurassic genus  Liostrea Douvillé , 1904. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8B1E87319C35AB09A5D166B999347B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
11F918677B855AAE9069F0DB4500C925.text	11F918677B855AAE9069F0DB4500C925.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Integricardium (Integricardium) bannesianum (Contejean 1860)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Integricardium (Integricardium) bannesianum (Contejean, 1860)</p>
            <p>Plate 5, fig. 9</p>
            <p> 1860 Cardium bannesianum Contej. - Contejean: 276, pl. 15, figs 1-5. </p>
            <p> 1959 Cardium bannesianum Contejean - Jaboli: 59, pl. 7, fig. 9. </p>
            <p> 1995 Integricardium (Integricardium) bannesianum (Contejean 1860) - Jaitly et al.: 115, pl. 12, figs 14-18, text-figs 27-28. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A single right internal mould with remains of shell from the Ferruginous Oolite Formation near Zangla (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 41).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Specimen relatively small for the species (H: 32 mm), suborbicular, nearly equilateral, moderately inflated. Margins slightly damaged but anterior and posterior margins apparently regularly rounded, ventral margin broadly curved. Umbo mesial, orthogyrate. With very faint posterior umbonal ridge. Shell surface covered with commarginal growth lines but lacking posterior radial striae.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The latter feature distinguishes species the genus  Integricardium from  Protocardia . The specimen falls in the range of variation of  I. (I.) bannesianum and therefore has been placed in that species. According to Dietrich (1933), the closely related  I. (I.) propebanneianum (Dietrich, 1933, p. 50, pl. 6, figs 92-93) differs in possessing, in contrast to  I. (I.) bannesianum , a pallial sinus, a stronger posterior umbonal ridge and a less strongly curved ventral margin. A detailed investigation of the type material is required to clarify the relationship of the two species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/11F918677B855AAE9069F0DB4500C925	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
C9C66857F7805B37B47D3175CC757423.text	C9C66857F7805B37B47D3175CC757423.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Integricardium (Integricardium) Rollier 1912	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Integricardium Rollier, 1912</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Cardium dupinianum d’Orbigny , 1844. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C9C66857F7805B37B47D3175CC757423	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
4654864D52A45D3CB18DFDA2E8205E3C.text	4654864D52A45D3CB18DFDA2E8205E3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malayomaorica ? sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Malayomaorica? sp.</p>
            <p>Plate 3, figs 6-10</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Numerous right and left valves preserved as composite moulds or with remains of shell, generally strongly compacted and often fragmented, from the upper member close to Demul Pass (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 51-52).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p>The poorly preserved specimens are characterized by a feebly inflated right valve and a strongly inflated left valve. The height distinctly exceeds the length of the shell, which is slightly oblique, the ventralmost part being posterior of the mid-line. The anterior margin is well-rounded, the posterior margin sub-straight, the ventral margin strongly curved. The right valve anterior auricle is directed towards the left valve; the byssal notch is well-developed. The surface of the shell is covered with faint radial riblets in addition to faint commarginal growth rugae.</p>
            <p> The different outline and the radial riblets distinguish the material from  Buchia . Due to the poor preservation and lack of detailed hinge information the specimens are only tentatively placed in  Malayomaorica . This is the first documentation of the genus from the Indian Himalayas. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4654864D52A45D3CB18DFDA2E8205E3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
6D7AD53FAD0D5B7C9CD512FBF2CC8616.text	6D7AD53FAD0D5B7C9CD512FBF2CC8616.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malayomaorica Jeletzky 1963	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Malayomaorica Jeletzky, 1963</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Aucella malayomaorica Krumbeck, 1923. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D7AD53FAD0D5B7C9CD512FBF2CC8616	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
5C6B218E4EA859238D2E8F47BB5F4270.text	5C6B218E4EA859238D2E8F47BB5F4270.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megacucullaea kraussii (Tate 1867)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Megacucullaea cf. kraussii (Tate, 1867)</p>
            <p>Plate 1, fig. 4a, b</p>
            <p> cf. 1850 Cucullaea cancellata - Krauss: 452, pl. 48, fig. 2a, b (non Phillips, 1829) </p>
            <p> *cf. 1867 Cucullaea kraussii - Tate: 161. </p>
            <p> cf. 1882 Cucullaea Kraussi Tate - Holub and Neumayr: 375, pl. 2, fig. 2a-c. </p>
            <p> cf. 1940 Cucullaea (Megacucullaea) kraussii Tate - Cox: 57, pl. 4, figs 3-4. </p>
            <p> cf. 1998 Megacucullaea kraussi (Tate, 1867) - Kanjilal and Pathak: 34, pl. 1, fig. 6. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A single poorly preserved articulated internal mould with remains of shell from the lower member of the Spiti Shale Formation (Oxfordian) near Chichim (SNSB- BSPG 2020 XCIX 1).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Specimen large, longer than high (L ~79 mm, H ~60 mm, I ~70), thick-shelled, strongly inflated. Maximum inflation at around one-third of shell height from umbo. Ventral margin faintly arched, anterior margin convex, forming an angle of ~90° with hinge margin. Posterior margin straight, oblique, posteroventral corner rounded. Umbones only partly preserved, prominent, straight, incurved, situated anterior of mid-line of shell. Posterodorsal carina distinct but rounded, posterodorsal area flat to slightly convex. Cardinal area large, largest width anterior of umbo, slightly concave. Ornamentation poorly preserved; there are at least four widely spaced, strong, rounded radial ribs with concave interstices. Hinge line straight, dentition and other internal features not seen.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>The two valves are sligthly laterally sheared. Moreover, the specimen may be somewhat compressed dorso-ventrally. In this case, the inflation would be lower and the height greater than decribed above, and the point of maximum inflation would also be slightly off. The umbones are only partly preserved.</p>
            <p> The various Jurassic species of  Megacucullaea , i.e.  M. eminens Cox (1940, p. 59, pl. 4, figs 5-7),  M. kraussii (Tate 1867, p. 161), and "  M. sp. nov. aff.  C. (M.) eminens Cox" of Agrawal (1956 p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 1) differ in outline and the number of radial ribs (  M. kraussii : 6-8;  M. eminens : 16-19;  Agrawal’s specimen: approximately 10). The present specimen is closest to  M. kraussii , having a similar number of ribs, whereas in the other two species the number of ribs is distinctly higher. Due to the poor preservation of the specimen, a detailed comparison with  M. kraussii is not possible. The material of Cox (1940, p. 57, pl. 4, figs 3-4) exhibits eight radial ribs, of which three are only faintly developed on one out of two specimens. Interestingly,  M. eminens and  M. kraussii co-occur in Upper Tithonian rocks of the Kachchh Basin.  M. eminens Cox (1940, p. 59, pl. 4, figs 5-7) is shorter, carries about 16 radial ribs differing in strength (weak close to the umbonal carina and strong on the remainder of the shell), and the area posterior of the umbonal ridge is distinctly concave. "  Cucullaea Kraussi Tate" of  Barrabé (1929, p. 147, pl. 8, fig. 13) has more radial ribs and resembles  M. eminens . The early Tithonian specimen figured as  Megacucullaea kraussii by Kanjilal and Pathak (1998) has seven ribs. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C6B218E4EA859238D2E8F47BB5F4270	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
A61093D138C7527E99608ED2D5557F94.text	A61093D138C7527E99608ED2D5557F94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megacucullaea Rennie 1936	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Megacucullaea Rennie, 1936</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Cucullaea kraussii Tate, 1867. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A61093D138C7527E99608ED2D5557F94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
D4428B83B12854AA97BF10AC1C91A3EC.text	D4428B83B12854AA97BF10AC1C91A3EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meleagrinella ? sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Meleagrinella? sp.</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A single right valve from the top of the lower member at Komic (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 16).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p>The small, slightly crushed specimen (H: 3.5 mm) is suborbicular and nearly flat. The dorsal margin is long and straight, the anterior, posterior and ventral margins are well rounded. There is no sign of a posterior wing, the dorsal margin forming a blunt angle with the posterior margin. The umbo is small, more or less mesial, and not protruding beyond the dorsal margin. The shell thin, and ornamented with remains of spaced commarginal riblets. The annterior auricle is small but has a deep byssal notch.</p>
            <p> Right valves of  Meleagrinella are generally regarded as having a small pointed posterior wing (Cox 1969), which is apparently lacking in the present specimen. For this reason, it is referred to the genus  Meleagrinella with reservation. The  Meleagrinella sp. indet. of Kanjilal and Pathak (1998, p. 35, pl. 1, fig. 4) is difficult to evaluate and comes from the upper part of the Spiti Shale Formation. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4428B83B12854AA97BF10AC1C91A3EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
CFA0779A8DFE55BDBD9B1B6033871E62.text	CFA0779A8DFE55BDBD9B1B6033871E62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meleagrinella Whitfield 1885	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Meleagrinella Whitfield, 1885</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Avicula curta Hall, 1852. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CFA0779A8DFE55BDBD9B1B6033871E62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
EDCC7AE6980657D08D54FCC4B666DC8A.text	EDCC7AE6980657D08D54FCC4B666DC8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nicaniella (Nicaniella) Chavan 1945	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Nicaniella Chavan, 1945</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Astarte communis Zittel &amp; Goubert, 1861. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDCC7AE6980657D08D54FCC4B666DC8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
14DE0F8BA5D455CF80D8FA836159F170.text	14DE0F8BA5D455CF80D8FA836159F170.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nicaniella (Nicaniella) polymorpha (Contejean 1860)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nicaniella (Nicaniella) cf. polymorpha (Contejean, 1860)</p>
            <p>Plate 5, fig. 7a-d</p>
            <p> cf. 1860 Astarte polymorpha Contej. - Contejean: 266, pl. 11, figs 13-16. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A single articulated specimen from the lower member, Kaza-Hikkim road (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 42).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Specimen small-sized (H: 9.1 mm; L: 9.7 mm), rounded-triangular, slightly longer than high, moderately inflated. Anterodorsal margin concave, anteroventral margin convex, ventral margin faintly curved, posterodorsal margin long, straight, sloping, forming a rounded angle with the slightly truncated posteroventral margin. Umbones mesial, conspicuous, prosogyrate. Lunule oval, deeply sunk, bordered by sharp carina. Escutcheon long, lanceolate, sharply demarcated, extending to posterior end. Ventral shell margin strongly crenulated. Shell surface covered with 22 closely set, sharp commarginal ribs which are more widely spaced in the umbonal area. Internal features not seen.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Among the numerous Jurassic species of  Nicaniella , the specimen is closest to  Nicaniella polymorpha (Contejean,1860: 266, pl. 11, figs 13-16) from the Kimmeridgian of eastern France in outline and ornamentation, but that species is known only from its drawings. Therefore, we place our specimen in this species with reservation. </p>
            <p>Order Cardiida Ferrusac, 1822</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/14DE0F8BA5D455CF80D8FA836159F170	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
4F6A22553DF1520A94F7626B6470527F.text	4F6A22553DF1520A94F7626B6470527F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Cosmetodon) Branson 1942	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Cosmetodon Branson, 1942</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Arca keyserlingii d’Orbigny , 1850. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F6A22553DF1520A94F7626B6470527F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
0D78A0D6C1CE559DBB59CE60A79F98C9.text	0D78A0D6C1CE559DBB59CE60A79F98C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Pruvostiella) Agrawal, 1956 a 1956	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Pruvostiella Agrawal, 1956a</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Astarte (Pruvostiella) freneixae Agrawal, 1956a. </p>
            <p>Emended diagnosis.</p>
            <p>As for genus.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D78A0D6C1CE559DBB59CE60A79F98C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
9ECE336303325CEBAC16B2A0C88D0DE7.text	9ECE336303325CEBAC16B2A0C88D0DE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeonucula cuneiformis (J. de C. Sowerby 1840)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Palaeonucula cuneiformis (J. de C. Sowerby, 1840)</p>
            <p>Plate 1, figs 1-2</p>
            <p> 1831 Modiola - Herbert: 272, pl. 17, fig. 5. </p>
            <p> 1833 Modiola - Everest: 114: pl. 2, fig. 28a-c. </p>
            <p> *1840 Nucula? cuneiformis - J. de C. Sowerby: pl. 22, fig. 4 and explanation. </p>
            <p> 1864 Nucula cuneiformis , Sowerby - Blanford: 135. </p>
            <p> 1908 Nucula cuneiformis , J. de C. Sowerby - Newton and Crick: 7, pl. 1, figs 5-7. </p>
            <p> 1913 Nucula spitiensis sp. nov. - Holdhaus: 428, pl. 95, figs 11-13. </p>
            <p> 1913 Nucula hyomorpha sp. nov. - Holdhaus: 430, pl. 95, figs 14-17. </p>
            <p> 1929 Nucula cuneiformis Newton - Weir: 5, pl. 4, figs 2-4. </p>
            <p> ?1930 Nucula cuneiformis Newton - Basse: 108. pl. 5, fig. 5. </p>
            <p> ?1939 Nucula cuneiformis Sow. - Stefanini: 219, pl. 24, fig. 3. </p>
            <p> 1940 Nucula (Palaeonucula) cuneiformis J. de C. Sowerby - Cox: 13, pl. 1, figs 5-10. </p>
            <p> 1940 Nucula (Palaeonucula) kaoraensis sp. nov. - Cox: 15, pl. 1, figs 11-14. </p>
            <p> 1956 Nucula (Palaeonucula) kaoraensis Cox - Agrawal: 51, pl. 7, fig. 3a. </p>
            <p> 1959 Nucula cuneiformis Sowerby - Jaboli: 46, pl. 6, fig. 3. </p>
            <p> 1980 Palaeonucula kaoraensis Cox - Kanjilal: 335, pl. 1, figs 8-10. </p>
            <p> 1980 Palaeonucula cuneiformis (J. de C. Sowerby) - Kanjilal: 334, pl. 1, figs 4-7. </p>
            <p> 1995 Palaeonucula cuneiformis (J. de C. Sowerby 1840) - Jaitly et al.: 155, pl. 1, figs 9-11, 13-17, text-figs 6-9 (pars). [non pl. 1, figs 8, 12, pl. 2, figs 1-2] </p>
            <p> 1998 Palaeonucula cuneiformis (J. de C. Sowerby 1840) - Kanjilal and Pathak: 30, pl. 1, fig. 1. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Nine articulated specimens and two left valves from the lower member at Langza (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 26), 30 articulated specimens, one right and two left valves from the lower member along the Kaza - Hikkim road (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 27), four articulated specimens from the lower member at Langza (road side exposure) (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 28), four articulated specimens from the lower member close to the pass to Tashigeng (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 29), three articulated specimens and one right valve from the lower member near Kibber (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 30), two articulated specimens from the Ferruginous Oolite Formation near Chichim (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 31), and three articulated specimens and one right and three left valves from the lower member at Langza locality 3 (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 32). The shells, several of which are fragmented, invariably suffered compactional and tectonic distortion.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell relatively large for genus (H: ~26 mm, L: 32.2 mm), thick-shelled, elongated-oval, strongly inequilateral, moderately inflated. Umbo broad, well-developed, terminal to subterminal, close to posterior end, opisthogyrate. Anterior end narrow to well-rounded, posterior end straight to slightly curved forming a blunt angle with the ventral margin, which describes a wide asymmetric curve with the ventral-most point of shell well anterior of mid-line. Anterodorsal margin straight, sloping; posterodorsal margin short, almost straight to slightly curved, passing gradually into posterior margin. Broad rounded ridge running from the umbo to the anterodorsal end, separating flank from flat, narrow anterodorsal part of shell. Lunule shallow, narrow, lanceolate. Second, equally rounded umbonal ridge running to the posteroventral corner of shell. Area heart-shaped slightly concave in articulated specimens. Surface of shell smooth except for growth lines, which vary in strength. Hinge poorly preserved, with characteristic taxodont teeth.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> As nearly all specimens are crushed to some extent, the original outline and inflation only rarely can be observed. Everest (1833), Blanford (1864), and Stoliczka (1866) regarded the common nuculid in the lower member of the Spiti Shale Formation as the species figured by J. de C. Sowerby (1840) as  Nucula? cuneiformis , a highly variable species occurring from the Bathonian to the Kimmeridgian in the Kachchh Basin. Subsequent workers, however, followed a much narrower species concept and regarded the forms from the Spiti Shale Formation as different species. Holdhaus (1913) placed the bivalves in two new species,  Nucula spitiensis and  N. hyomorpha . He realised that the specimens were generally distorted, but argued that  N. hyomorpha was always dorso-ventrally compressed, whereas  N. spitiensis was laterally compressed. In this way, he clearly related the diagnostic features of the two species to their preservational state. According to Holdhaus (1913), the two species also differ in the shape of their anterodorsal shell portion, which is, however, influenced by the compaction styles. In the case of laterally flattened shells, this part usually cannot be observed. In fact, the style of distortion depends on the final burial position of the shells; they either became dorso-ventrally shortened when buried in growth position, or laterally flattened when post-humously they were reoriented by burrowers or excavated by currents, post-mortem. All intermediate preservational stages occur. In the former case, the inflation was artificially increased and in the latter case the length-height ration was decreased. All intermediate preservational stages occur. Cox (1940) regarded  N. spitiensis and  N. hyomorpha as synonyms and as a "linear descendent of  P. cuneiformis . He followed a narrow species concept recognising two further similar species,  P. kaoraensis and  P. blanfordi in the Kachchh Basin, which were regarded junior synonyms of  P. cuneiformis by Pandey and Agrawal (1984) and Jaitly et al. (1995). </p>
            <p>The species is widespread in the Ethiopian faunal province, occurring from Madagascar to the Arabian Peninsula and from the Kachchh Basin to Rajasthan and the Himalayan shelf of the Indian Craton.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9ECE336303325CEBAC16B2A0C88D0DE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
3B73FC2662FD51B4A3917615632C15B1.text	3B73FC2662FD51B4A3917615632C15B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeonucula Quenstedt 1930	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Palaeonucula Quenstedt, 1930</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Nucula hammeri Defrance, 1825. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B73FC2662FD51B4A3917615632C15B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
EE2D04DAE7EC5EA0930B3E5528D5FE06.text	EE2D04DAE7EC5EA0930B3E5528D5FE06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palaeonucula stoliczkai Cox 1940	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Palaeonucula stoliczkai Cox, 1940</p>
            <p>Plate 1, fig. 3a, b</p>
            <p> *1940 Nucula (Palaeonucula) stoliczkai sp. nov. - Cox: 20, pl. 1, figs 21-23. </p>
            <p> 1956 Nucula (Palaeonucula) stoliczkai Cox - Agrawal: 52, pl. 7, fig. 3b. </p>
            <p> 1980 Palaeonucula stoliczkai Cox - Kanjilal: 339, pl. 1, figs 13-14. </p>
            <p> 1995 Palaeonucula stoliczkai Cox 1940 - Jaitly et al.: 158, pl. 2, figs 7-8. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>One flattened articulated specimen from the Ferruginous Oolite Member at Langza (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 34).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p>The laterally strongly compressed specimen (H: 8.6 mm, L: 11.9 mm) is rounded trigonal in outline and longer than high. The ventral margin is strongly convex, the anterior margin obliquely truncated, forming a blunt angle with the ventral margin and a very obtuse angle with the faintly convex anterodorsal margin. The posterior margin is narrowly rounded. The umbo is prominent. The rounded anterior umbonal ridge extends to the anteroventral margin. Due to the compressed nature of the shell, features such as lunule could not be observed. The surface of the shell is covered with fine commarginal growth lines. Internal features not seen.</p>
            <p> Although the hinge could not be observed, the specimen can be safely placed in  P. stoliczkai as it closely resembles  Cox’ species in outline. </p>
            <p>Subclass Autobranchia Grobben, 1894</p>
            <p>Order Arcida Gray, 1854</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE2D04DAE7EC5EA0930B3E5528D5FE06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
133B379B3E965B54A41F492BAADA4076.text	133B379B3E965B54A41F492BAADA4076.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiostoma ? sp. A	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Plagiostoma? sp. A</p>
            <p>Plate 4, fig. 7a, b</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A strongly crushed single valve with remains of shell from the lower member at Langza (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 35).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p>The very poorly preserved specimen cannot be identified with certainty. The surface of the apparently rounded triangular-ovate specimen is covered with numerous faint, rounded, radial riblets.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/133B379B3E965B54A41F492BAADA4076	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
D82290969BAA5D89BC577EF3C9167267.text	D82290969BAA5D89BC577EF3C9167267.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiostoma ? sp. B	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Plagiostoma? sp. B</p>
            <p>Plate 4, fig. 6</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A fragmented left internal mould with remains of the inner shell layer from the Ferruginous Oolite Formation near Zangla (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 36).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p> As the ventral part of the specimen is missing, its outline remains unknown, but most likely was obliquely triangular-ovate. The hinge line is short and straight, the umbo orthogyrate, the posterior auricle distinctly set off from the flank. The shell surface is ornamented with indistinct remnants of radial ribs. It differs from  Plagiostoma ? sp. A in outline and style of ribbing. The few features that can be observed all support the placement of the specimen in  Plagiostoma or a related genus. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D82290969BAA5D89BC577EF3C9167267	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
702E01FB8BD153769B43158E8B807F8C.text	702E01FB8BD153769B43158E8B807F8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiostoma J. Sowerby 1814	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Plagiostoma J. Sowerby, 1814</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Plagiostoma giganteum J. Sowerby, 1814. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/702E01FB8BD153769B43158E8B807F8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
5CCAB067B65F5CB6BA1F9B64D76532DE.text	5CCAB067B65F5CB6BA1F9B64D76532DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Propeamussium (Propeamussium) De Gregorio 1884	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Propeamussium De Gregorio, 1884</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Pecten (Propeamussium) ceciliae De Gregorio, 1884. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5CCAB067B65F5CB6BA1F9B64D76532DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
988F65AEA15B55EE8547102EB09238BE.text	988F65AEA15B55EE8547102EB09238BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Propeamussium (Propeamussium) sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Propeamussium (Propeamussium) sp.</p>
            <p>Plate 3, fig. 12</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>One internal mould of a single valve (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 12) and several small fragments from the lower member at Langza.</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p>The internal mould of a fragment displays seven radial grooves, which correspond to internal ribs. The complete shell might have carried 8-9 ribs. These ribs end just before the ventral margin.</p>
            <p> While the specimen undoubtedly can be referred to  P. (Propeamussium) , identification at the species level is impossible. The only Upper Jurassic species recognized by Johnson (1984) is  P. (P.) nonarium (Quenstedt, 1858, p. 795, pl. 98, fig. 4), which is restricted to Europe and differs from the present specimen by relatively short internal ribs, which end well before the ventral margin. </p>
            <p> Order  Limida Moore, 1952 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/988F65AEA15B55EE8547102EB09238BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
1849510494E15B5CA2434775F9D42A16.text	1849510494E15B5CA2434775F9D42A16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pruvostiella (Pruvostiella) hermanni (Oppel 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pruvostiella (Pruvostiella) hermanni (Oppel, 1863)</p>
            <p>Plate 4, figs 10-13, Plate 5, figs 1-6; Fig. 4</p>
            <p> 1831 Unio ? and  Trigonia ? - Herbert 272, pl. 17, fig. 4, 4a. </p>
            <p> 1833 Unio ? - Everest: 114, pl. 2, fig. 26. </p>
            <p> *1863 Astarte hermanni Opp. - Oppel: 273, 297. </p>
            <p> 1865 Astarte unilateralis Sow. - Salter: 97, pl. 23, fig. 10. (non Sowerby, 1840). </p>
            <p> 1866 Astarte unilateralis , Sow. 1840 - Stoliczka: 90. (non Sowerby, 1840). </p>
            <p> 1866 Astarte spitiensis Stol. - Stoliczka: 91, pl. 9, fig. 1. </p>
            <p> 1866 Astarte hiemalis Stol. - Stoliczka: 91, pl. 9, figs 2-3. </p>
            <p> 1913 Astarte scytalis sp. nov. - Holdhaus: 444, pl. 100, figs 2-3. </p>
            <p> 1913 Astarte sowerbyana sp. nov. - Holdhaus: 443, pl. 99, figs 12, 13, 15, pl. 100, fig. 1. </p>
            <p> 1913 Astarte spitiensis Stoliczka - Holdhaus: 444, pl. 100, figs 4-8. </p>
            <p> 1913 Astarte hermanni Oppel 1863 - Holdhaus: 440, pl. 99, figs 7-11, 14. </p>
            <p> 1923 Astarte spitiensis Stol. - Trechmann: 279, pl. 13, fig. 1. </p>
            <p> 1923 Astarte cf. scytalis Holdhaus - Trechmann: 280, pl. 13, fig. 3. </p>
            <p> 1923 Astarte cf. sowerbyana Holdhaus - Trechmann: 280, pl. 13, fig. 2. </p>
            <p> ?1929 Astarte scytalis Holdhaus - Weir: 5, pl. 3, fig. 20. </p>
            <p> 1935 Astarte scytalis Holdhaus - Cox: 180, pl. 19, figs 4-5. </p>
            <p> 1953 Astarte spitiensis Stol. - Marwick: 107, pl. 11, figs 13, 15. </p>
            <p> non 1956b Astarte (Pruvostiella) spitiensis Stoliczka - Agrawal: 109, pl. 10, fig. 3. (non Stoliczka). </p>
            <p> ?1959 Astarte scytalis Holdhaus - Jaboli: 49, pl. 6, fig. 6. </p>
            <p> 1998 Neocrassina (Pruvostiella) unilateralis (J. de C. Sowerby, 1840) - Kanjilal &amp; Pathak: 35, pl. 1, fig. 8. (non Sowerby, 1840). </p>
            <p> 1998 Neocrassina (Pruvostiella) sowerbyana (Holdhaus, 1913) - Kanjilal &amp; Pathak: 35, pl. 1, fig. 9. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Three right valves, four left valves, 16 articulated specimens, and two hinge fragments from the lower member at Langza (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 53, 57, 58, 59), two right valves, one left valve, 17 articulated valves, and six hinge fragments from the lower member at the Kaza-Hikkim road cut (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 55a, b), and two right valves, one left valve, nine articulated specimens and six hinge fragments from the lower member close to Tashigeng (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 54a, b).</p>
            <p>Dimensions.</p>
            <p>See Fig. 4.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell highly variable in outline, longer than high (Fig. 4), moderately inflated. Anterodorsal margin concave, anteroventral margin convex, grading smoothly into the broadly arched ventral margin. Posteroventral margin well-rounded, posterodorsal margin faintly convex. Umbo prosogyrate, distinctly depressed, situated approximately one-fifth to one-eighth of shell length from the anterior end. Beaks small, lunule elongated, deep, bordered by sharp ridge (Plate 5); escutcheon lanceolate, bordered by distinct ridge. Ligament opisthodetic. Ornamentation consisting of widely spaced commarginal ribs in umbonal area only and extending for 10-15 mm ventrally. Remaining surface covered with irregular growth lines.</p>
            <p>Hinge of right valve with three cardinals, 3b thin and inconspicuous, and one posterior lateral. Left valve with two cardinals and one short anterior and posterior lateral, respectively. Two pedal retractor muscle scars developed right underneath hinge plate, one more or less mesial, the second one close to the anterior adductor muscle scar. Inner shell margin strongly crenulated.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Due to their high morphological variability the specimens from the Spiti Shale Formation have been accommodated in several species in the past. Stoliczka (1866) recognised  Astarte spitiensis ,  A. unilateralis , and  A. hiemalis and Holdhaus (1913)  A. sowerbyana ,  A. hermanni ,  A. scytalis and  A. spitiensis , all occurring in the lower member where they form a characteristic association together with  Palaeonucula cuneiformis and  Grammatodon (Indogrammatodon) egertonianus (  Fürsich et al. 2021). Apart from the fact that intermediate forms exist between these species, usually two to four of these morphotypes co-occur within individual horizons. On ecological grounds it is highly unlikely that several closely related species with a more or less identical mode of life repeatedly co-occur within a community, and we therefore regard these forms as representing a single species, even though the end members of the morphological range are quite disparate. The oldest available name is  Pruvostiella (P.) hermanni (Oppel, 1863). </p>
            <p> Several authors (e.g., Cox 1965: 88; Stoliczka 1866; Holdhaus 1913; Gardner and Campbell 2002) assumed that the species occurs also in the Kachchh Basin on the western margin of the Indian Craton where it has been named  Astarte major by J. de C. Sowerby (1840). However, the Kachchh specimens, although undoubtedly closely related, are more than three times the size of the Himalayan forms and thus unlikely conspecific. Gardner and Campbell (2002, p. 346) placed most of the large astartids from the Tethys Himalaya in  Neocrassina unilateralis (J. de C. Sowerby, 1840), a view not followed here.  Pruvostiella (P.) hermanni occurs from the Tethys Himalaya to New Zealand (Trechmann 1923; Marwick 1953). </p>
            <p> The record of  Astarte scytalis Holdhaus from the Kimmeridgian? of East Africa (Weir 1929, p. 5, pl. 3) is doubtful. The specimen may represent a juvenile  Pruvostiella (Eoseebachia) major . </p>
            <p> Genus  Nicaniella Chavan, 1945 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1849510494E15B5CA2434775F9D42A16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
F341D060B682516393A60010D36EF304.text	F341D060B682516393A60010D36EF304.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pruvostiella Agrawal 1956	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Pruvostiella Agrawal, 1956a</p>
            <p>Emended diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Equivalve, inequilateral shell, generally longer than high, thick-shelled. Inner shell margin crenulated; umbonal area depressed and ornamented with spaced, well-developed, commarginal ribs asymmetric in cross-section; remaining shell smooth except for growth lines. Hinge with serrated teeth. Right valve with 2-3 cardinals and 1 anterior and 1 posterior lateral. Left valve with 2-3 cardinals and 1 anterior and 1 posterior lateral. Distinct pedal retractor muscle scar developed below the hinge line and close to the anterior adductor muscle scar. Inner shell margin crenulated.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Pruvostiella was erected by Agrawal (1956a: 435) as a subgenus of  Neocrassina for specimens from the Oxfordian Dhosa Oolite of Kachchh, western India. The main diagnostic feature of his new subgenus is the umbonal region, which is distinctly depressed, with small beaks and ornamented with spaced, well-developed commarginal ribs, which are asymmetric in cross-section with a steeper slope dorsally. The ribs fade after 10-15 mm to be replaced by irregular growth lines. Agrawal (1956a) included a number of astartids in  Pruvostiella (Table 3).  Pruvostiella is here elevated to generic rank. </p>
            <p> Fürsich et al. (2000: 92; 2019, p. 174) created  Eoseebachia as a subgenus of  Seebachia Holub &amp; Neumayr, 1881 and accommodated  Astarte major J. de C. Sowerby, 1840 and their new species  Seebachia elongata in this subgenus. Although these species are related to  Seebachia , they are clearly more closely related to  Pruvostiella , as the former genus is strongly elongated, wedge-shaped and has a distinct posterior umbonal ridge.  Eoseebachia is, therefore, moved from  Seebachia to  Pruvostiella . </p>
            <p> Gardner and Campbell (2002, p. 328) regarded  Pruvostiella as a junior synonym of  Neocrassina Fischer, 1886, a view not followed here. The depressed, flattened umbo, the corresponding distinct break in the growth spiral of the shell, and the distinctly serrated cardinal teeth are consistent features of many large astartids from the Ethiopian faunal province (Table 3). </p>
            <p> Pruvostiella (Pruvostiella) appears to be restricted to the Callovian-Oxfordian time interval of the Ethiopian Faunal Province (Madagascar, East Africa, India) and possibly occurs also in the Kimmeridgian of New Zealand (Trechman 1923; Marwick 1953), whereas  Pruvostiella (Eoseebachia) occurs from the Late Oxfordian to the Late Tithonian (and probably earliest Cretaceous) in the same area (e.g., Dietrich 1933; Cox 1965).  Eoseebachia differs from  Pruvostiella s.s. by being up to three times larger, generally more elongated and by having a lunule with a lower length-width ratio. </p>
            <p> J. de C. Sowerby (J. de C. Sowerby, 1840, pl. 61, fig. 1) erected  Astarte major for the large astartids from the Upper Jurassic of Kachchh. Blanford (1864), Stoliczka (1866), and Holdhaus (1913) regarded moderately-sized astartids from the Himalayas also as  Astarte major J. de C. Sowerby, 1840. Whereas Blanford (1864, p. 135,  …” undoubtedly identical") was quite confident, Holdhaus only tentatively regarded the large astartids from Spiti to belong to  Sowerby’s Astarte major from Kachchh. Holdhaus (1913) erroneously regarded that  Sowerby’s name was preoccupied by  Astarte elegans major Zieten (1833: 82, pl. 62, fig. 1). Therefore, Holdhaus (1913, p. 443) erected the replacement name  Astarte sowerbyana for the forms from the Himalayas and Kachchh. It is clear that the Kachchh species differs from the Spiti material. The specimens from the Spiti Shale are placed herein in  P. (Pruvostiella) hermanni (Oppel, 1863). The large astartid from Kachchh represents  Sowerby’s A. major and the species is assigned to  Pruvostiella (Eoseebachia) , because it is much closer to  Pruvostiella than to  Seebachia (see above). Thus, in the Kachchh Basin four species of  Pruvostiella occur:  P. (Eoseebachia) major (J. de C. Sowerby, 1840),  P. (Eoseebachia) elongata Fürsich , Heinze &amp; Jaitly, 2000,  P. (Pruvostiella) unilateralis (J. de C. Sowerby, 1840), and  P. (Pruvostiella) freneixae Agrawal, 1956a. In the Himalayas, in contrast, the species group is represented by  P. (Pruvostiella) hermanni (Oppel, 1863). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F341D060B682516393A60010D36EF304	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
3E76D885A42A5258BB5DC299F394B1A6.text	3E76D885A42A5258BB5DC299F394B1A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Radulopecten fibrosus (J. Sowerby 1816)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Radulopecten cf. fibrosus (J. Sowerby, 1816)</p>
            <p>Plate 4, fig. 4a, b</p>
            <p> cf. 1816 Pecten fibrosus - J. Sowerby: 84, pl. 136, figs 1-2. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A single fragment of a right valve from the lower? member near Demul (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 39).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p> Although the specimen does not allow to infer the shape of the bivalve, the ornamentation is so characteristic that it can be placed in the genus  Radulopecten without any doubt. The shell is covered with broad, nearly flat-topped radial plicae, separated by much narrower shallow sulci. The radial plicae are crossed by spaced, narrow commarginal lamellae. The ornamentation closely resembles that of  Radulopecten fibrosus (J. Sowerby, 1816). For this reason, the specimen is tentatively placed in that species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E76D885A42A5258BB5DC299F394B1A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
0FD12A0CD2C95D698A3BE31568442564.text	0FD12A0CD2C95D698A3BE31568442564.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Radulopecten Rollier 1911	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Radulopecten Rollier, 1911</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Pecten hemicostatus Morris &amp; Lycett, 1853. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FD12A0CD2C95D698A3BE31568442564	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
8504A03133E25BDE81F6B3847C1BF659.text	8504A03133E25BDE81F6B3847C1BF659.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pectinidae Rollier 1911	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pectinidae indet.</p>
            <p>Plate 4, fig. 5</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Slightly distorted fragment of a single valve from 5-8 m below the top of the lower member along the Kaza-Hikkim road (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 17).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Specimen small (H: 9.6 mm), higher than long. Disc moderately inflated, rounded triangular; auricles distinctly set off from disc, large, incomplete. Disc covered with approximately 12 coarse, rounded radial ribs, differing in strength.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The poor preservation (incomplete shell, compactional/tectonic distortion) precludes a more precise identification of the specimen, which to some extent resembles  Spondylopecten , the ribbing of which is, however, far more regular. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8504A03133E25BDE81F6B3847C1BF659	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
0D7C43CA5B525D708280320C41D2C371.text	0D7C43CA5B525D708280320C41D2C371.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Retroceramus (Retroceramus) everesti (Oppel 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Retroceramus (Retroceramus) everesti (Oppel, 1863)</p>
            <p>Plate 2, figs 3, 4</p>
            <p> 1831 Ostrea ?,  Inoceramus ? - Herbert: 272, pl. 17, fig. 7. </p>
            <p> Inoceramus ?1833  Inoceramus (?) - Everest: 114, pl. 2, fig. 29. </p>
            <p> Inoceramus Everesti *1863  Inoceramus Everesti Opp. - Oppel: 298. </p>
            <p> Inoceramus hookeri ?1865  Inoceramus Hookeri -N.Sp. var.  Inoceramus crenatulinus - Salter: 95, pl. 23, fig. 2. </p>
            <p> 1913 Inoceramus Everesti , Oppel - Holdhaus: 415, pl. 98, figs 12-14. </p>
            <p> 1913 Inoceramus gracilis sp. nov. - Holdhaus: 417, pl. 98, fig. 15. </p>
            <p> 1982 Retroceramus (Retroceramus) everesti (Oppel, 1865) - Crame: 576: pl. 58, figs 5-11, pl. 59, figs 1-11. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Internal mould of a left valve, locality and horizon unknown (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 66), and two internal moulds of right valves from the upper member near Demul (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 64-65). All specimens are fragmentary.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Specimens small- to large-sized (H of largest specimen&gt;70 mm), posteroventrally elongated but of variable obliquity, umbonal area well-inflated. Hinge line straight, moderately long; anterior margin weakly convex to straight, posterior margin gently curved, ventral margin well-rounded. Umbonal area narrowly rounded in cross-section, umbo small, prosogyrate. Posterodorsal area nearly flat; angle between dorsal and anterior margin approximately 90°. Valves ornamented with commarginal folds, asymmetric in cross-section with steeper dorsal flank. Folds regular to irregular, generally increasing in strength and distance towards ventral margin. Hinge features not seen.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The species has been transferred to the genus and subgenus  Inoceramus Retroceramus by Crame (1982). Crame (1982) regarded  Inoceramus hookeri Salter, 1865 and  I. gracilis Holdhaus, 1913 as junior synonyms, a view followed here. The species does not only occur on the northern shelf of the Indian craton but also in western Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica, and southern Chile (Crame 1982). According to Crame (1882),  R. (R.) everesti has a stratigraphic range from the Upper Tithonian to Lower Berriasian. In the Spiti area, it occurs in the Upper Tithonian. </p>
            <p> Holdhaus (1913) described four species of  Inoceramus , of which only  R. everesti (Oppel, 1863) and  R. haasti ((Hochstetter, 1863) are recorded here.  I. gracilis Holdhaus, 1913 is regarded synonymous with  R. everesti , and  I. stoliczkai Holdhaus and has been included in the genus  Anopaea by Crame (1982).  Inoceramus cf. sularum Boehm, 1907 of Holdhaus (1913: 420, fig. on p. 421) is too poorly preserved to be positively identified (see also Crame 1982). </p>
            <p> Order Ostreida  Férussac , 1822 </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D7C43CA5B525D708280320C41D2C371	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
F53433A8586B57E19CB3DEB11F6656FC.text	F53433A8586B57E19CB3DEB11F6656FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Retroceramus (Retroceramus) haasti (Hochstetter 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Retroceramus (Retroceramus) haasti (Hochstetter, 1863)</p>
            <p>Plate 2, figs 1, 2</p>
            <p> 1863 Inoceramus haasti sp. nov. - Hochstetter: 473, pl. 20, figs 1-2. </p>
            <p> 1982 Retroceramus (Retroceramus) haasti (Hochstetter, 1863) - Crame: 569, pl. 57, figs 1-4. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>Numerous fragments of internal moulds of single valves with remains of shell from the upper member, road cut close to Demul Pass (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 60-63).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p>The specimens occur in loosely packed matrix-supported shell concentrations. The umbonal areas are not preserved, but the specimens are apparently quite large, the largest fragment measuring 135 mm in height. Preserved parts of moulds are more or less flat, with spaced commarginal folds, the distance between folds increasing ventrally. The folds are slightly asymmetric in cross-section, the ventral flank being steeper. Areas with preserved shell material show that the shells were very thin.</p>
            <p> Despite the fragmentary nature of the material, the specimens can be safely referred to  Retroceramus (R.) haasti , originally described by Hochstetter (1863) from Kimmeridgian strata of New Zealand, based on their large size, nearly flat shells, broad ventral area, and characteristic ornamentation. The species has been recorded in the past from the Kimmeridgian of New Zealand and Antarctica (Hochstetter 1863; Crame 1982; Crampton 1988). </p>
            <p> Inoceramus hookeri of Salter (1865: 95, pl. 23, fig. 1 only) exhibits a similar ornamentation but differs in outline being rounded-rectangular.  Inoceramus haasti , Hochstetter, 1863 has been transferred to  Retroceramus (Retroceramus) by Crame (1982). The latter author regarded the species as characteristic of the Kimmeridgian - Early Tithonian. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F53433A8586B57E19CB3DEB11F6656FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
E7815EF17C6F55408422CC996E55EE8C.text	E7815EF17C6F55408422CC996E55EE8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Retroceramus (Retroceramus) Koschelkina 1959	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Retroceramus Koschelkina, 1959</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Inoceramus retrorsus Keyserling, 1848. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7815EF17C6F55408422CC996E55EE8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
4749B57D9B67532F99BFD7A99CE6914B.text	4749B57D9B67532F99BFD7A99CE6914B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spondylopecten (Plesiopecten) subspinosus (Schlotheim 1820)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Spondylopecten (Plesiopecten) subspinosus (Schlotheim, 1820)</p>
            <p>Plate 4, fig. 3</p>
            <p> 1820 Pectinites subspinosus - Schlotheim: 223. </p>
            <p> 1938 Plesiopecten subspinosus (Schlotheim) - Weir: 50, pl. 3, fig. 18. </p>
            <p> 1952 Chlamys (Plesiopecten) subspinosa (Schlotheim) - Cox: 18, pl. 1, figs 9-12. </p>
            <p> 1995 Spondylopecten (Plesiopecten) subspinosus (Schlotheim 1820) - Jaitly et al.: 194, pl. 18, figs 14-15. </p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>One composite mould of a right valve and one external mould from the upper part of the lower member at the Hikkim-Kaza road (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 23).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Specimens small (H: 5.4 mm; K: 5.8 mm), suborbicular, equilateral, weakly inflated. Auricles large, distinctly separated from disk, anterior one incomplete. Surface of composite mould covered with 11-13 positive radial structures interpreted herein as corresponding to radial ribs, which are angular and show a tendency to bifurcate towards the ventral margin.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Despite the poor preservation of the specimens (lack of shell), they can be safely assigned to  S. (Plesiopecten) subspinosus , based on the number and angularity of their ribs (compare Johnson 1984, p. 84). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4749B57D9B67532F99BFD7A99CE6914B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
BA2C612C9C1959FC879039F6C6A2FFC1.text	BA2C612C9C1959FC879039F6C6A2FFC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spondylopecten (Plesiopecten) Munier-Chalmas 1887	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Plesiopecten Munier-Chalmas, 1887</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Pectinites subspinosus Schlotheim, 1820. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA2C612C9C1959FC879039F6C6A2FFC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
A9E7803523945D5AAD97294CAC9B59D7.text	A9E7803523945D5AAD97294CAC9B59D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trigonia ? sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Trigonia? sp.</p>
            <p>Plate 4, fig. 8</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A single right internal mould from the top of the Ferruginous Oolite Formation at Zangla (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 24).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p> The internal mould shows the typical commarginal ribs of the flank and a weak sulcus anterior of the marginal carina. As no information about the area is available, it cannot be decided whether the specimen belongs to  Trigonia s.s. or to the genus  Indotrigonia . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A9E7803523945D5AAD97294CAC9B59D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
800F4B60CA5C52AD99F1341F5C2702CF.text	800F4B60CA5C52AD99F1341F5C2702CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trigonia Bruguiere 1789	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  
Trigonia 
Bruguiere
, 1789
</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Venus sulcata Hermann, 1781. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/800F4B60CA5C52AD99F1341F5C2702CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
0429EE1FFEC45F71BAF30EBD91A69E55.text	0429EE1FFEC45F71BAF30EBD91A69E55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vaugonia (Orthotrigonia) sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Vaugonia (Orthotrigonia) sp.</p>
            <p>Plate 4, fig. 9</p>
            <p>Material.</p>
            <p>A single poorly preserved right valve from the lower member at Langza (SNSB-BSPG 2020 XCIX 25).</p>
            <p>Description and remarks.</p>
            <p> The specimen (H: 22.7 mm, L: 24.5 mm) exhibits the typical ornamentation of  Orthotrigonia such as steep subvertical tuberculated ribs on the flank, commarginal tuberculated to spinose ribs in the umbonal area, a tuberculated marginal carina, and a commarginally striated area. The specimen resembles  V. (Orthotrigonia) kutchensis (Kitchin, 1903: 84, pl. 8, figs 7-9) from the Kachchh Basin, but due to its poor preservation an identification at the species level is not possible. </p>
            <p> Clade  Heterodonta Neumayr, 1884 </p>
            <p>Order Carditida Dall, 1889</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0429EE1FFEC45F71BAF30EBD91A69E55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
1AD34E3B0513537BA46BBBCFBCDE8CD0.text	1AD34E3B0513537BA46BBBCFBCDE8CD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vaugonia (Orthotrigonia) Cox 1952	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Subgenus Orthotrigonia Cox, 1952</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Trigonia duplicata J. Sowerby, 1819. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1AD34E3B0513537BA46BBBCFBCDE8CD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Fuersich, Franz T.;Alberti, Matthias;Pandey, Dhirendra K.;Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.	Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K., Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S. (2022): Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India. Zitteliana 96: 153-178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253
