identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2F1987D97047877870AA8A10FE20FE8C.text	2F1987D97047877870AA8A10FE20FE8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampharete Malmgren 1865	<div><p>Ampharete Malmgren, 1865</p> <p>Type species: Amphicteis acutifrons Grube, 1860</p> <p>Generic diagnosis (emended after Imajima et al. (2012), and Ebbe &amp; Purschke (2020)). Prostomium with middle lobe delimited by incision, without glandular ridges. Four, or exceptionally three, pairs of cirriform, or exceptionally pinnate, branchiae. Buccal tentacles pinnate/papillose. 14–15 thoracic chaetigers; segments II+ III fused; notochaetae on segment II (=paleae) absent or present, then in varying size from enlarged to regular notochaetae size. 11 or 12 thoracic uncinigers. Notopodial cirri absent. Elevated or modified notopodia absent. Two intermediate segments, i.e., without notopodia but with neuropodial tori (similar to those in thoracic uncinigers). Papillae (glandular pads?) above neuropodia on intermediate and abdominal segments usually present. One pair of dorsal nephridial papillae on segment IV.</p> <p>Remarks. Segments II + III are fused, but a separation of the segments can be observed ventrally. Paleae are clearly originating from segment II, followed by an achaetous segment III, which can be recognized by the presence of a vestigial notopodium on segment III (Fig. 4C). We included the paleae-bearing chaetiger (segment II) into the count of thoracic chaetigers (Reuscher et al. 2009). As paleae can be absent or present, the number of thoracic chaetigers varies from 14 to 15.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F1987D97047877870AA8A10FE20FE8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krüger, Lotte;Dietrich, Anna;Bastrop, Ralf;Bick, Andreas	Krüger, Lotte, Dietrich, Anna, Bastrop, Ralf, Bick, Andreas (2022): From synonym to valid species: Redescriptions of Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) and A. cirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887, and brief descriptions of A. baltica Eliason, 1955 and A. grubei Malmgren, 1865 (Annelida: Terebellida: Ampharetidae). Zootaxa 5174 (4): 357-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.4.3
2F1987D97040877870AA8AB1FDCDF87E.text	2F1987D97040877870AA8AB1FDCDF87E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampharete acutifrons (Grube 1860)	<div><p>Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860)</p> <p>(Figs 2, 3)</p> <p>Non. A. acutifrons Hessle 1917</p> <p>Non. A. acutifrons Annenkova 1929</p> <p>Non. A. acutifrons Hartmann-Schröder 1971, 1996</p> <p>Non. A. acutifrons Day 1973</p> <p>Non. A. acutifrons Bick and Gosselck 1985</p> <p>Non. A. acutifrons Holthe 1986</p> <p>Non. A. acutifrons Jirkov 2001</p> <p>Non. A. acutifrons Parapar et al. 2012</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F1987D97040877870AA8AB1FDCDF87E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krüger, Lotte;Dietrich, Anna;Bastrop, Ralf;Bick, Andreas	Krüger, Lotte, Dietrich, Anna, Bastrop, Ralf, Bick, Andreas (2022): From synonym to valid species: Redescriptions of Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) and A. cirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887, and brief descriptions of A. baltica Eliason, 1955 and A. grubei Malmgren, 1865 (Annelida: Terebellida: Ampharetidae). Zootaxa 5174 (4): 357-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.4.3
2F1987D9704C877270AA891CFF33F8F5.text	2F1987D9704C877270AA891CFF33F8F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampharete cirrata Webster & Benedict 1887	<div><p>Ampharete cirrata Webster &amp; Benedict, 1887</p> <p>(Figs 4–8)</p> <p>Ampharete cirrata Webster &amp; Benedict, 1887: 748, Pl. VIII, Figs 110–112.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized species of up to 21 mm in length and 2.8 mm in width. Twelve thoracic, two intermediate, and ten abdominal uncinigers with very long neuropodial cirri. Branchiae arranged in two groups separated by a median gap of about 1.5 branchial base width; three pairs in anterior transverse row and last pair in posterior position, directly below middle branchia of anterior transverse row. Paleae long and thin with filiform tips, 9–18 each side. One pair of nephridial papillae on segment IV. Pygidium with up to 17 anal cirri, arranged in two (more or less distinct) rows.</p> <p>Material examined. Type material (based on photographs): North Atlantic Ocean, Eastport, Maine (USA). Syntypes of Ampharete cirrata Webster &amp; Benedict, 1887, USNM 457 (3 specimens).</p> <p>Non-type material: Baltic Sea, north from Isle of Rügen. Site 1–5 (Table 1), SBRO-P 95 (23 specimens), SBRO-P 5528 (5 specimens), SBRO-P 17367 (134 specimens), ZSRO-P2669 (16 specimens), ZSRO-P2670 (15 specimens).</p> <p>Description. Complete specimens 11–21 mm long and 1.7–2.8 mm wide in thorax (Fig. 4A). Prostomium trilobed; median lobe U-shaped and separated by deep lateral grooves (Figs 5A, 6B,E); prostomial glandular ridges and eyespots absent. Nuchal organs not observed. Buccal tentacles papillose (Fig. 6A,C). Four pairs of branchiae arranged in two distinct groups with a median gap of about one and a half times the width of branchial bases (Fig. 5A); branchiae not fused at base; branchiae thick at base and gradually tapering towards distal end, longest branchiae reaching thoracic chaetiger 5–9 (Figs 4A, 6E); anterior three pairs of branchiae arranged in a transverse row on segment II/III, fourth pair slightly posterior to anterior row, directly below middle branchia of transverse row (Fig. 5A, branchial bases can be slightly deformed and displaced through fixation); branchiae of segment II in 2nd outermost position of anterior row, branchiae of segment III in outermost position of anterior row, branchiae of segment IV in innermost position of anterior row, branchiae of segment V in posterior position. One pair of nephridial papillae, dorsally between the two innermost branchiae on segment IV (Figs 5A, 6E). Segment II with 9–18 long, thin and slender paleae on each side, gradually tapering into filiform tips (Figs 5A (only drawn 8 paleae), 6A,B,D,E); paleae clearly protruding beyond the prostomium, at least two times as long as middle lobe of prostomium (Fig. 5A); arranged in a semicircle, with a few small thin paleae on the outer edge of the semicircle and longer thick paleae close to prostomium (Fig. 6D). Thorax and abdomen of about similar length; thorax slightly wider than abdomen; abdomen tapering posteriorly (Fig. 4A). Continuous ventral shields present to segment XIV (thoracic chaetiger 12), median ventral groove present from segment XV on (thoracic chaetiger 13) until posterior end (Figs 4A, 7D,E).</p> <p>Notopodia with capillary chaetae from segment IV, present in 14 chaetigers; last 12 thoracic chaetigers (starting from segment VI) with neuropodial tori bearing a single row of uncini (Figs 4A, 7F); notopodia simple, fingershaped, up to three times longer than wide (Fig. 7A); first two notopodia smaller (Fig. 4A); tip of notopodia with small terminal lobe (not always visible); notochaetae arranged in semicircle around this lobe (Figs 4D,E, 7B). Notochaetae as bilimbate spinulose capillaries, tapering to slender tips; arranged in rows; capillaries from anterior row generally thinner and shorter than those of posterior row (Figs 4D,E, 7B,C).</p> <p>Thoracic neuropodia oval, last three to four neuropodia with short dorsal cirrus (Figs 4A, 5B, 7A), anteriorly with small dorsal papilla (at least on two thoracic uncinigers, sometimes on all) which grows into a cirrus that becomes longer towards the posterior end of the thorax (Fig. 7A); cirrus length about the same size as the base of respective neuropodium (Fig. 7A). Thoracic uncini with five to six teeth in two vertical rows above rostral tooth (Figs 5D, 7F); 46–52 uncini on one torus for specimens between 13–16 mm length (largest specimen with 55, and smallest specimen with 34 uncini). Two intermediate segments with neuropodia with very long dorsal cirrus; cirrus usually 2 times longer than base of the respective neuropodium (varies from the same length to 3 times longer); notopodia absent; uncini resemble thoracic uncini (Figs 5D, 7G); 39–44 for specimens between 13–16 mm length (largest specimen with 43, and smallest specimen with 27 uncini). Notopodia on abdomen absent. Ten abdominal neuropodia formed as pinnules with very long dorsal cirrus; the ratio of the length of the cirrus to the length of the base of the respective pinnule is 1–3.5:1 (Figs 5C, 6G); pinnules of different shapes, rounded, two- or three-lobed (Fig. 5C); last six abdominal pinnules can be elongated, and last abdominal pinnule always elongated (Fig. 5C). Abdominal uncini with four to five teeth in two vertical rows above rostral tooth (Figs 5E, 7H); 47–56 uncini on one pinnule for specimens between 13–16 mm length (largest specimen with 67, and smallest specimen with 35 uncini). Well-developed papillae (glandular pads?) above tori of intermediate segments and above first one to four pinnules of abdominal segments (Fig. 5B). Pygidium with terminal anus; 7–17 anal cirri of different lengths and thicknesses, arranged in two more or less distinct rows (Figs 4B, 6F,G).</p> <p>Methyl blue staining pattern. Intense staining of prostomium, bases of noto- and neuropodia and cirri. Prominent bands on ventral thorax (continuous ventral shields), less intensely stained towards the end of thorax, not stained in abdomen. Papillae (glandular pads?) above neuropodia on intermediate and abdominal segments and branchiae stained. Nephridial papillae only visible immediately after intense staining. Rest of body evenly spotted blue, sometimes lighter band laterally between noto- and neuropodia (Fig. 4A,B,D).</p> <p>ShirlastainA staining pattern. Staining pattern equivalent to methyl blue staining, but one additional structure visible: small lobe between paleae-bearing chaetiger (segment II) and first thoracic notopodium (segment IV), most likely vestigial notopodium of segment III (Fig. 4C).</p> <p>Remarks. One thoracic segment was missing in one of 15 specimens, resulting in 14 instead of 15 thoracic chaetigers and 11 instead of 12 thoracic uncinigers. We recommend always examining both sides of specimens, as number of chaetigers and uncinigers are important characters for distinguishing taxa (Reuscher et al. 2009). One specimen was considerably smaller (7.5 mm long) and thinner (1.1 mm wide), but last six segments were missing. Branchiae were contracted in three specimens and therefore, noticeably shorter and thicker; distance between branchiae for those specimens was only one or even less than one times shorter than branchial bases. An important character of A. cirrata is the presence of a very long dorsal cirri on the neuropodia of the intermediate segments (Fig. 5B).</p> <p>Ampharete cirrata has papillae-like elevations on the intermediate and the first abdominal segments. Imajima et al. (2012) called these structures ‘glandular pads’. Parapar et al. (2012) showed for A. finmarchica that these structures can also be ciliary tufts. The specific structure in the different Ampharete species and their possible homology needs to be clarified urgently.</p> <p>Uncini of the abdomen are smaller than uncini of intermediate and thoracic segments. However, uncini vary in size along one neuropodium, larger uncini were found at dorsal side of the neuropodium, continuously getting smaller towards ventral side. Extracted uncini possibly originated from different zones of the neuropodia and therefore, size differences between thoracic and intermediate as well as abdominal uncini might be less pronounced. As above described, number of uncini on one neuropodium differed depending on the total body size of specimens. More specifically, the larger the specimen the more uncini were present on one neuropodium. The pygidium showed variability regarding number, length and thickness of anal cirri. It can be difficult to describe the pygidium, as it is often contracted in fixed specimen, sometimes inside the posterior end. One specimen had longer cirri dorsally and shorter and thinner cirri ventrally. A yellow-brown pigment band ventrally on thoracic chaetiger 5 was observed in almost half of the specimens collected between 2002–2010 (fixed in formaldehyde solution and preserved in EtOH), but no pigmentation was found in fresh material from 2019 (treated as described above).</p> <p>All valid 45 species of Ampharete and 10 synonyms were examined regarding the presence of the combination of the following three characters: thin long paleae, long anal cirri (rather than anal papillae) and neuropodial cirri. Of these species only two, previously synonymized with A. acutifrons, possibly exhibit this combination of characters, A. intermedia and A. cirrata. The original description of Amphicteis intermedia Marion, 1875 was brief, describing the presence of sharp and long paleae, but not mentioning any of the other characters. Since there are no other records of this species and it was not possible to examine it, we decided to disregard A. intermedia. This species needs further investigations (species inquirenda). The description of Ampharete cirrata Webster &amp; Benedict, 1887 from the Northwest Atlantic (Maine, USA) was also short, but contained drawings of the neuropodia. Despite all our efforts, we could not obtain the syntypes of A. cirrata from the NMNH in Washington. However, neither the description nor the photographs (Fig. 8) that we obtained from the NMNH indicated significant differences between the Baltic Sea species and A. cirrata. The specimens found in the Baltic Sea are therefore assigned to A. cirrata. Ampharete cirrata is formally deleted here from the synonym list of A. acutifrons and should be considered a valid species.</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Ampharete cirrata was originally described from the Northwest Atlantic (Maine, USA). Molecular investigations suggest that the distribution of A. cirrata extends beyond the Northwest Atlantic into the Northeast Atlantic (see genetics). The studied material of Ampharete from the Baltic Sea, now assigned to A. cirrata, originates from an area about 30 km north of the island of Rügen (Fig. 1). Specimens were collected in silty sediments of moderate salinity (10–24 psu) in depths of 40–50 m (Table 1). Further unpublished records indicate that A. cirrata is also present in shallower localities of about 16 m. The species densities reached from 10–180 individuals/m 2. Oval eggs of about 100–150 µm in diameter were observed in segments XI-XXII in several specimens collected in October.</p> <p>Genetics. In total, 1116 base pairs of the mitochondrial [16S (n = 3) + COI (n = 9)] and 3831 base pairs of the nuclear [18S rDNA (n = 3) + 28S rDNA (n = 1) + Histone H3 (identical to DQ779715, see below; n = 9)] of A. cirrata were sequenced. GenBank accession numbers of all obtained sequences are given in Table 3. There were no differences between individuals for the three nuclear genes. For COI and 16S, two haplotypes each were detected, differing 0.2% and 0.3% from each other, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis for the mitochondrial COI fragment included newly generated sequences of A. cirrata and all alleged A. acutifrons sequences from GenBank and BOLD. Two sequences of Anobothrus gracilis were used to root the tree. Excluding the specimens from the Baltic Sea, we found four distinct clades within the alleged A. acutifrons species (Fig. 9). The analysis revealed an A. acutifrons species from Washington, USA to be most closely related to A. cirrata with a divergence of about 4.5% (Table 4). Other species summarized under the name of A. acutifrons differed 13.8–15.3% from A. cirrata (Table 4).</p> <p>After a corresponding alignment, obtained sequences of 16S (one of two), 28S and Histone H3 of A. cirrata from the Baltic Sea were completely identical to the sequences of one specimen from Iceland, which was described as A. acutifrons (GenBank accession numbers: 28S: DQ779673, H3A: DQ779715, 16S: DQ779601 (Rousset et al. 2007)).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F1987D9704C877270AA891CFF33F8F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krüger, Lotte;Dietrich, Anna;Bastrop, Ralf;Bick, Andreas	Krüger, Lotte, Dietrich, Anna, Bastrop, Ralf, Bick, Andreas (2022): From synonym to valid species: Redescriptions of Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) and A. cirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887, and brief descriptions of A. baltica Eliason, 1955 and A. grubei Malmgren, 1865 (Annelida: Terebellida: Ampharetidae). Zootaxa 5174 (4): 357-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.4.3
2F1987D97054876C70AA8CB1FC3EF864.text	2F1987D97054876C70AA8CB1FC3EF864.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampharete baltica Eliason 1955	<div><p>Ampharete baltica Eliason, 1955</p> <p>(Fig. 10)</p> <p>Ampharete grubei baltica Eliason, 1955: 6–7.</p> <p>Material examined. Type material: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.083334/lat 55.833332)">Baltic Sea</a>, Kalmar, 55°50‘N, 16°05‘E, 19.8 1954, GNM Polych. 11192 (holotype); 55°50‘N, 16°05‘E, 19.8 1954, GNM Polych. 11103 (4 paratypes).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small species of up to 8 mm in length and 0.9 mm in width (Fig. 10A). Twelve thoracic, two intermediate, and ten abdominal uncinigers with minute neuropodial cirri (Fig. 10E). Prostomium triangular with three lobes, with eyespots. Branchiae arranged in two groups separated by a very small median gap of less than one branchial base width; three pairs in anterior transverse row (the middle one sometimes shifted anteriorly) and last pair in posterior position, directly below middle branchia of anterior row. Paleae long, slender with filiform tips, 6–10 each side (Fig. 10B). Pygidium with lateral cirri and a number of cirriform papillae (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>Remarks. Type material of 7–8 mm in length, some specimens with eggs (Fig. 10D). The specimens found in the Baltic Sea had a maximum length of 11 mm (SBRO), but Holthe (1986) and Hartmann-Schröder (1996) reported a maximum length of 18 mm. Minute, rounded dorsal cirri have only been observed on abdominal neuropodia. Diagnostic characters on the pygidium are often difficult to verify on fixed material because the pygidium is often retracted into the abdomen. In addition, the pygidium seems to be very variable. There are one or two rings of cirri that vary in length. Methylene blue is very helpful in identifying the length of the cirri; the pair of lateral cirri being much more intensely coloured than the remaining cirri or papillae. The lateral cirri have the shape of lobes in smaller specimens (7 mm long) and are clearly distant from the ring of pygidial cirri. The papillae of the outer ring are as long as the lateral cirri or slightly shorter, the inner ring has a number of long cirri. As the pygidium of A. baltica is very variable, we have excluded this character from the identification key.</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Baltic Sea. This species was found on silt and sandy bottoms in 5–50 m depths, 7–29 psu. The species densities reached from 10–1,000 and more individuals/m 2.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F1987D97054876C70AA8CB1FC3EF864	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krüger, Lotte;Dietrich, Anna;Bastrop, Ralf;Bick, Andreas	Krüger, Lotte, Dietrich, Anna, Bastrop, Ralf, Bick, Andreas (2022): From synonym to valid species: Redescriptions of Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) and A. cirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887, and brief descriptions of A. baltica Eliason, 1955 and A. grubei Malmgren, 1865 (Annelida: Terebellida: Ampharetidae). Zootaxa 5174 (4): 357-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.4.3
2F1987D97055876E70AA8CB1FC6FFCA8.text	2F1987D97055876E70AA8CB1FC6FFCA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampharete grubei Malmgren 1865	<div><p>Ampharete grubei Malmgren, 1865</p> <p>(Fig. 11)</p> <p>Ampharete grubei Malmgren, 1865: 363–364, Pl. 19, Fig. 44.</p> <p>Material examined. Type material: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=77.333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.5/lat 77.333336)">Arctic</a>, Svalbard, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=77.333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.5/lat 77.333336)">Edge Island</a>, Storfjord, Whalers Point; 77°20’ N, 20°30’ E; depth 36–55 m, mud, Schwedisch Arctic Exp. 1864 sta. 00, SMNH-Type 5101 (6 paralectotypes).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Large species of up to 80 mm in length (see Malmgren 1865, but paralectotypes 27–50 mm) and up to 9 mm in width (paralectotypes 4.5–9 mm) (Fig. 11A). Twelve thoracic, two intermediate, and ten abdominal uncinigers with rounded or pointed short neuropodial cirri (see Remarks) (Fig. 11E). Prostomium triangular, anterior margin rounded. Buccal tentacles papillose (Fig. 11B). Branchiae arranged in two groups separated by a median gap of one to three branchial base width; three pairs in anterior transverse row and last pair in posterior position, directly below middle branchia of anterior transverse row. Paleae long, clearly protruding beyond prostomium, evenly tapering to long filiform tips, 10–20 each side (Fig. 11A,B). Pygidium with two lateral cirri and many long papillae; length of lateral cirri and papillae are almost the same (wide tubercle may be seen if the lateral cirri are broken or lost) (Fig. 11D).</p> <p>Remarks. The body shape of paralectotypes, the form of paleae and the pygidium resemble those specimens of A. grubei depicted by Malmgren, 1865 (Plate XIX, Fig. 44). But in the original description no dorsal cirri were noted or shown, even though the specimens were much larger than paralectotypes (80 mm long). The form of dorsal cirri on intermediate and abdominal neuropodia varies depending on size of specimens: the pointed cirri present in smaller specimens (27–33 mm long) were about the same length as the base of respective neuropodium; while the rounded and shorter cirri present in larger specimens (50 mm long) were clearly shorter than the length of the base of respective neuropodium. Depending on the size of the specimens, small dorsal cirri may be present on at least the two last thorax segments as small pointed tips of the dorsal side of the neuropodia (3 specimens, 27–33 mm long). These were not observed on the larger specimens (37–50 mm). Short rounded dorsal cirri were present in the intermediate neuropodia of the specimen of 37 mm in length (Fig. 11E). On the largest specimens (50 mm long, 0.9 mm wide) dorsal cirri were not observed in the intermediate neuropodia (Fig. 11C).</p> <p>Since the specimens of the type material of A. grubei and A. acutifrons differ significantly in many taxonomic characters, i.e., shape of paleae and presence of neuropodial cirri on abdominal segments, they are two different species. Therefore, A. grubei is a valid species and must be deleted from the synonym list of A. acutifrons.</p> <p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality, Arctic, Svalbard.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F1987D97055876E70AA8CB1FC6FFCA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krüger, Lotte;Dietrich, Anna;Bastrop, Ralf;Bick, Andreas	Krüger, Lotte, Dietrich, Anna, Bastrop, Ralf, Bick, Andreas (2022): From synonym to valid species: Redescriptions of Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) and A. cirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887, and brief descriptions of A. baltica Eliason, 1955 and A. grubei Malmgren, 1865 (Annelida: Terebellida: Ampharetidae). Zootaxa 5174 (4): 357-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.4.3
2F1987D97057876870AA8FD1FA46FDF4.text	2F1987D97057876870AA8FD1FA46FDF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampharete Malmgren 1865	<div><p>Updated key to North Atlantic species of Ampharete</p> <p>The presented key for described species constitutes an update of the key 2 proposed by Parapar et al. (2019), based on species descriptions from Holthe (1986) and Parapar et al. (2012, 2018), following the term intermediate uncinigers after Imajima et al. (2012). Accordingly, intermediate uncinigers are excluded from the abdominal segment count. Branchial gap: width as number of branchial base, following Parapar et al. (2018). We excluded A. lindstroemi Malmgren, 1867 (part.) in Hessle, 1917 sensu Parapar et al. (2012) from this key, an undescribed species (Parapar et al., 2018), even though a brief diagnosis was given in Parapar et al. (2012).</p> <p>1. Paleae stout basally (Figs 2, 3C)......................................................................... 2</p> <p>- Paleae slender and evenly tapering to long filiform tips or absent (Figs 5A, 6A,B,D,E).............................. 5</p> <p>2. Pygidium with one pair of short lateral lobes only; branchial gap absent; paleae gradually but quickly tapering to comparatively long filiform tips (rarely missing)............................. A. villenai Parapar, Helgason, Jirkov &amp; Moreira, 2012</p> <p>- Pygidium otherwise (with 2 long cirri and short papillae or with 2 short lateral lappets and a number of long anal cirri); paleae abruptly tapering to very short filiform tips (usually missing)................................................... 3</p> <p>3. 2 intermediate uncinigers (IU) and 14–16 abdominal uncinigers (AU); prostomium with 2 small eyespots, branchial gap present (1); pygidium with 2 long cirri and a number of short papillae............................ A. goesi (Malmgren, 1865)</p> <p>- 2 IU and 12 or less AU................................................................................ 4</p> <p>4. Branchial gap present (1.5); 10 AU; pygidium with 2 short, wide lateral lappets and about 8 thin long anal cirri........................................................................................ A. acutifrons (Grube, 1860)</p> <p>- Branchial gap absent or very narrow (&lt;0.5); 11 (seldom 12) AU; pygidium with 2 long cirri and a number of small, round papillae; prostomium usually with 2 eyespots......................... A. finmarchica (Sars, 1865) sensu Holthe (1986)</p> <p>5. Rudimental notopodia on 2 IU enlarged................................................................... 6</p> <p>- All rudimental notopodia of similar size................................................................... 7</p> <p>6. Gap between branchial groups as wide as width of group; 10 AU............................. A. falcata Eliason, 1955</p> <p>- Gap between branchial groups narrower or absent; 22–26 AU................................. A. vega (Wirén, 1883)</p> <p>7. Paleae at least twice as long or wide as the most developed notochaetae.......................................... 8</p> <p>- Paleae fine, only slightly longer than the following notochaetae or absent....................................... 11</p> <p>8. 2 IU and 10 AU with very long dorsal cirri (clearly longer than length of base of respective pinnule)........................................................................................... A. cirrata Webster &amp; Benedict, 1887</p> <p>- AU dorsal cirri (if present) short (less than half of length of base of respective pinnule)............................. 9</p> <p>9. Pygidium with 2 long lateral cirri and several short papillae................................................... 10</p> <p>- Pygidium otherwise (lateral cirri and long cirriform papillae almost same length)................................. 15</p> <p>10. Pygidial cirri with a pair of eye spots, 10 AU.............. A. lindstroemi Malmgren in Hessle, 1917 sensu Holthe (1986)</p> <p>- Pygidial cirri without eye spots, AU with short dorsal cirri.......................... A. santillani Parapar et al., 2018</p> <p>11. Paleae absent; 12 thoracic uncinigers (TU); AU with long dorsal cirri; pygidium with 2 long cirri and a number of short cirriform papillae................................................................. A. petersenae Jirkov, 1997</p> <p>- Paleae fine, only slightly longer than the following notochaetae............................................... 12</p> <p>12. AU without dorsal cirri; branchial gap (1) or absent; 12 TU, 9 AU.............................................. 13</p> <p>- AU with long dorsal cirri, at least as long as the base of respective pinnule; branchial gap (4); 11 TU, more than 9 AU.... 14</p> <p>13. Branchial gap (1); prostomium and pygidial cirri with eyespots.......... A. oculicirrata Parapar, Moreira &amp; Barnich, 2019</p> <p>- Branchial gap absent; no prostomial or pygidial eyespots............ A. undecima Alvestad, Kongsrud &amp; Kongshavn, 2014</p> <p>14. 3 branchiae in each group arranged in a line, 4th branchia posterior to this row; IU with vestigial dorsal cirri; 10 AU........................................................................................ A. borealis (Sars, 1856)</p> <p>- All 4 branchiae in each group arranged in a line; IU without dorsal cirri; 13–16 AU............ A. octocirrata (Sars, 1835)</p> <p>15. AU with dorsal cirri in form of minute rounded lobe (often difficult to see), branchial gap present (≤1); small species, max. 11 mm long (or 18 mm; see Remarks).................................................... A. baltica Eliason, 1955</p> <p>- AU with short dorsal cirri (easy to find), branchial gap present (1–3); large species, max. 80 mm long.................................................................................................. A. grubei Malmgren, 1865</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F1987D97057876870AA8FD1FA46FDF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Krüger, Lotte;Dietrich, Anna;Bastrop, Ralf;Bick, Andreas	Krüger, Lotte, Dietrich, Anna, Bastrop, Ralf, Bick, Andreas (2022): From synonym to valid species: Redescriptions of Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) and A. cirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887, and brief descriptions of A. baltica Eliason, 1955 and A. grubei Malmgren, 1865 (Annelida: Terebellida: Ampharetidae). Zootaxa 5174 (4): 357-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5174.4.3
