identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AB145F9C6DFFCBFCF93ECDFDCF065B.text	03AB145F9C6DFFCBFCF93ECDFDCF065B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Berothidae Handlirsch 1908	<div><p>FAMILY BEROTHIDAE HANDLIRSCH, 1908</p> <p>SUBFAMILY CYRENOBEROTHINAE MACLEOD &amp; ADAMS, 1967</p> <p>Putative synapomorphies: Large eyes; elongation of the head, frons and mouthparts; female tergite 9 folded or divided.</p> <p>Included genera: Cyrenoberotha MacLeod &amp; Adams, 1967, Manselliberotha Aspöck &amp; Aspöck, 1988, Microberotha Archibald &amp; Makarkin, 2004, Protoberotha Huang, Ren &amp; Wang, 2019, Sibelliberotha Azar &amp; Nel, 2013, and Speleoberotha.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB145F9C6DFFCBFCF93ECDFDCF065B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Machado, Renato Jose Pires;Martins, Caleb Califre;Aspöck, Horst;Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda;Aspöck, Ulrike	Machado, Renato Jose Pires, Martins, Caleb Califre, Aspöck, Horst, Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda, Aspöck, Ulrike (2022): The first cave associated genus of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), and a new interpretation of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195: 1422-1444, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab104
03AB145F9C6AFFCBFEBC39E4FC600358.text	03AB145F9C6AFFCBFEBC39E4FC600358.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Speleoberotha Machado & Martins & Aspöck & Tavares & Aspöck 2022	<div><p>SPELEOBEROTHA GEN. NOV.</p> <p>Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A60A28A2-C57B-4BD7-A040-B2519BF4ABE9.</p> <p>E t y m o l o g y: S p e l e o (f r o m G r e e k σ Π ηλαίων, spelaion = cave) and Berotha, type genus of Berothidae, a common suffix for genera in this group of animals.</p> <p>Type species: Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov.</p> <p>Autapomorphies: Antennae longer than body; Sc and RA not fused apically; male gonocoxites 9 as an unpaired bow.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Head with frons elongated; antennae moniliform and longer than body length. Pronotum wider than long, with one transversal furrow. Legs cursorial. Wings with membrane mostly hyaline but with dark markings surrounding the major forks and crossveins; margins beaded; Sc and RA not fused apically; RP with two or three major forks. Forewing with humeral recurrent vein; subcostal veinlets forked. Hindwing with CuP extremely reduced. Abdomen with ninth tergite separated from the ectoproct. Male genital sclerites without bristles; gonocoxites and gonostyli 10 (mediuncus) fused and forming an elongate and acute structure; gonocoxites 11 and 9 (gonarcus and parameres, respectively) are two unpaired bows fused basally. Female genitalia with tiny curved sclerites representing gonapophyses 9; gonocoxites 8 and gonapophyses 8 absent, and spermatheca elongated and coiled.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The two species included in the new genus seem to be cave dwelling, because both species were collected in or nearby caves and rock overhangs, probably living around the sheltered cave entrance area, not deep into it. This is the first record of any Berothidae living in this type of habitat. In some of the dissected specimens of both species presented here, the abdomen is full of pollen (Fig. 2A,B), indicating an herbivorous diet. Pollen feeding has been reported before for different species of Berothidae, such as Berothimerobius reticulatus Monserrat &amp; Deretsky, 1999, Nyrma kervillea Navás, 1933 (Monserrat, 2006), the Cyrenoberothinae C. penai as reported by MacLeod &amp; Adams (1967), and Manselliberotha, as verified here by the dissection of a few specimens. This feeding behaviour suggests that the adults of the new genus can fly outside the caves to feed on nearby plants from the Atlantic Forest biome (Fig. 2C) and return to the safety of the cave entrances.</p> <p>The unpaired male gonocoxites 9 seems to be an autapomorphy of Speleoberotha in Mantispoidea. Among the superfamily, this particular genital piece is generally constituted by a pair of rods that are associated basally with the gonocoxites 11 (gonarcus) (Aspöck &amp; Aspöck, 2008) and are generally important for species determination, particularly in Symphrasinae (ArdilaCamacho et al., 2021). In the new genus, these two rods are fused, forming a bow similar to gonocoxite 11, representing a unique characteristic of Speleoberotha.</p> <p>The long and acute structure in the male terminalia (formerly mediuncus) is interpreted here as the fusion of the unpaired gonocoxites and gonostyli 10. This interpretation follows Ardila-Camacho et al. (2021), who demonstrated that in Mantispoidea the structure traditionally called the mediuncus is formed by the gonocoxite and the gonostyli and that these are sometimes clearly distinguishable, as in Symphrasinae, or fused, as in Cyrenoberotha and Manselliberotha. In Speleoberotha, this elongated structure shows a small central hollow that is considered here as the fusion point between the gonocoxites and the gonostyli.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 3B, C): Brazil (Ceará, Pernambuco, Minas Gerais).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB145F9C6AFFCBFEBC39E4FC600358	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Machado, Renato Jose Pires;Martins, Caleb Califre;Aspöck, Horst;Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda;Aspöck, Ulrike	Machado, Renato Jose Pires, Martins, Caleb Califre, Aspöck, Horst, Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda, Aspöck, Ulrike (2022): The first cave associated genus of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), and a new interpretation of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195: 1422-1444, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab104
03AB145F9C6AFFC3FC143CE4FC8707F4.text	03AB145F9C6AFFC3FC143CE4FC8707F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Speleoberotha palomae Machado & Martins & Aspöck & Tavares & Aspöck 2022	<div><p>SPELEOBEROTHA PALOMAE SP. NOV.</p> <p>FIGS 4–7</p> <p>Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 85F50233-3FC4-4C1D-AB75-42C460A1221C.</p> <p>Etymology: Named after friend and researcher Dr Paloma H. F. Shimabukuro, who collected most of the type series.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Slightly smaller than Speleoberotha mineira. Male: sternite 9 simple, without lobes; gonapophyses 10 as two small, hooked structures; complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 shorter or about the same length as gonocoxites 11 in lateral view.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Measurements (N = 10): Body length average (Fig. 4A), 1.98 mm (variation, 1.7–2.5 mm); forewing length average (Fig. 4B), 3.96 mm (variation, 3.7–4.2 mm); hindwing length average (Fig. 4B), 3.42 mm (variation, 3.2–3.7 mm).</p> <p>Head (Fig. 4C, D): Pale yellow, with amber marks. Vertex elevated above compound eyes, pale yellow without tubercles, with thin, medium-sized brown setae. Antennae moniliform, scape subrectangular, ~2.5 times as long as wide, pale yellow, bearing long and pale setae; pedicel subrectangular, approximately twice as long as wide, with medium-sized pale setae; flagellum pale brown with 45–49 articles; flagellomeres subquadrangular, bearing two rings of brown, long setae interspersed with small setae; apical flagellomere triangular. Compound eyes subspherical, black. Frons elongated, pale yellow, bearing small, pale setae. Clypeus pale yellow on medial region, amber on lateral margin, entire surface with scattered, fine, long, brown setae. Labrum narrow, amber, trapezoidal, with anterior margin concave; a group of preapical, tapered, amber setae is present, two of them longer and located on the lateral edge. Gena and postgena amber. Mandible triangular, with tapered apical tooth and one preapical and triangular tooth. Maxilla with cardo quadrangular and yellow, stipes rectangular and yellow; galea narrow, longer than stipes, pale amber, tapering at apex, bearing medium-sized amber setae, especially at interior margin; lacinia dark amber base and pale amber apex, apical part narrow, bearing medium-sized amber setae; maxillary palpus five-articulated; articles elongated and amber, with apex pale yellow, bearing dark amber setae; distal palpomere tapered apically. Labium with amber mentum, bearing small amber setae; ligula amber, with tapered triangular yellow apex, bearing long and tapered pale setae; labial palpus three-articulated; articles elongated and amber with apex pale yellow, bearing amber setae; distal palpomere tapered at apex. Thorax (Fig. 4A, D): Pronotum subquadrangular, wider than long, with one transverse furrow; median region pale yellow, bearing small amber setae; lateral region dark amber, covered with abundant long and thin setae, with projected bases. Pleural region pale yellow interspersed with blackish marks, especially at anterior and posterior regions. Ventral region of prothorax pale yellow, with long and pale setae. Mesonotum slightly wider than long, bearing long amber setae; almost all surface is pale yellow except for the median line and anterolateral margins, which are blackish. Metanotum slightly smaller than mesonotum, similar to mesonotum in colour and shape, bearing amber setae. Pteropleurae mostly pale yellow, with blackish marks below wing bases; entire surface with long, amber setae.</p> <p>Legs (Fig. 4A): All the legs pale yellow. Foreleg: coxa elongated, subcylindrical; entire surface with long and thin setae; trochanter and femur with long, pale setae; tibia narrow, with abundant long, fine and pale setae; tibial spurs absent; first tarsomere as long as the following three together; last tarsomere slightly shorter and darker than other tarsomeres; the whole surface with thick, long, yellow setae; tarsal claws amber. Midleg with coxa bearing some long setae; trochanter and femur covered with long, pale setae; tibia narrow, with abundant long and fine setae, tibial spurs absent; tarsi similar to foreleg tarsi. Hindleg similar to midleg in colour and shape.</p> <p>Wings (Fig. 4A, B); forewing: Broadened, with posterodistal margin convex.Wing venation alternating pale and dark brown, with abundant long and fine setae of the same colour as cuticle, margins beaded; trichosors present along wing margin. Membrane mostly hyaline but with dark markings surrounding the major forks and crossveins. Costal area narrow, with humeral recurrent vein; subcostal veinlets forked. Pterostigma suffused, weakly marked, with about six crossveins. Sc ending after the pterostigma and before the wing apex, not fused with radius anterior (RA). Subcostal area with two single crossveins, one of which is brown and located near the wing base, the other one is located at two-thirds of the wing length, brown and surrounded by a suffused dark mark. RA running parallel to subcostal (Sc). Radial area with one brown crossvein, surrounded by a suffused dark mark. Radius posterior (RP) with three branches forking at wing margin (two branches in a few smaller specimens); all radial forks with suffused dark marks. Gradate series inconspicuous. Basal branch of RP forked apically. Presence of two brown RP–media anterior (MA) crossveins: the basal one is located right after the origin of RP basal branch, and the distal one is located after the fork of the RP basal branch. M forking basally to R forks; each branch of M with a secondary fork. MA and media posterior (MP) ending in four main branches with some ramifications at wing margin; only one medial crossvein is present between MA and MP. One M–CuA and one MP–CuA crossvein are present near wing base. Cu forking near wing base, before M and R forks; CuA simple, ending in two main branches with some ramifications at wing margin, before the mid-length of the wing; CuP simple, ending in some small ramifications at wing margin. CuA– CuP crossveins absent. One basal CuP–A1 crossvein is present near wing base. Anal veins A1, A2 and A3 ending in some small ramifications at wing margin. A1–A2 and A2–A3 crossveins present near wing base.</p> <p>Hindwing: Broadened, shorter and narrower than forewing, with posterodistal margin convex. Wing venation alternating pale and dark brown, with abundant long and fine setae of the same colour as cuticle; margins beaded; trichosors present along wing margin. Membrane mostly hyaline but with dark markings surrounding some forks and crossveins. Costal area narrow, with ~25 unforked subcostal veinlets. Pterostigma suffused, weakly marked, with approximately six crossveins. Sc ending after the pterostigma and before the wing apex, not fused with RA. Two Sc–RA are present near two-thirds of wing length. RA running parallel to SC. Radial area with one brown crossvein surrounded by a suffused dark mark. RP with three branches ending forked at wing margin; RP forks with small, suffused dark mark. Gradate series inconspicuous. Basal branch of RP straight and forking apically. Presence of one brown RP–MA crossvein, located near MA bifurcation. M forking origin of the basal branch of RP, near one-third of wing length; MA ending in four main branches with some ramifications at wing margin; MP ending in two main branches with small ramifications; only one medial crossvein is present, located before the forks of MA and MP. One MP–Cu crossvein is located near Cu apex. Cu forks inconspicuous, making the difference between CuA and CuP difficult to see. One long and sinuous Cu–A1 crossvein is located near the wing base. A1 bifurcated; A2 and A3 simple.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 4A): Tergites and pleural membrane yellow, with spotted small dark brown marks. Sternites yellow. The entire abdominal surface covered with abundant long, fine, yellowish setae.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 5, 6): Tergite 9 wider ventrally and not fused with ectoproct. Ectoproct without callus cerci, distally extending in lateral view; in dorsal view, the distal extensions curving outward. Sternite 9 subtriangular in ventral view and not bearing any lobes, but bearing four large, modified and clavate setae. Gonocoxites 11 and 9 as two simple, unpaired bows, connected basally. Complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 long and acute apically, but shorter or of the same length as gonocoxites 11 in lateral view. Gonapophyses 10 as two small ventral hooked structures.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 7): Gonocoxites and g o n a p o p h y s e s o f s e g m e n t 8 a b s e n t; t e r g i t e 9 n o t f u s e d w i t h e c t o p r o c t; t e r g i t e 9 v e n t r a l l y elongated; gonocoxites 9 ovoid, hypocaudae lacking; gonapophyses 9 as tiny curved sclerites; spermatheca elongated and coiled, becoming narrower and sclerotized in the medial and final portions; proximal portion opening in a large and membranous bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Holotype: BRAZIL: Ceará: Ubajara: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.90806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.8344443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.90806/lat -3.8344443)">Parque Nacional de Ubajara</a>: 03°50′04″S, 40°54′29″W, 24 November–1 December 2017, CDC trap, Shimabukuro P.H.F. &amp; Lopes T.A., DZUP 381919 (male; DZUP).</p> <p>Paratypes (23 ♂, 22 ♀): S ame data as holotype, DZUP 381920–381923 (ten ♂, nine ♀; DZUP); (two ♂, two ♀; NHMW); (one ♂, one ♀; RPSP); same data as holotype but <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.909725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.8446665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.909725/lat -3.8446665)">Serra do Ibiapaba</a>, 03°50′40.8″S, 40°54′35″W, 799 m, 23 October 2011, light trap, Silva-Neto, A., Xavier, M. &amp; Lima, E. (eight ♂, nine ♀; UFBA); Pernambuco: Triunfo: Riacho do Pinga, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-38.120277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.8675003" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -38.120277/lat -7.8675003)">Cachoeira do Pinga</a>, 07°52′03″S, 38°07′13″W, 890 m, light pan trap, Cavalcante, A. (two ♂, one ♀; UFBA).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Speleoberotha palomae and Speleoberotha mineira are almost identical eidonomically; body colour and wing venation are basically the same in both species. However, Speleoberotha mineira is slightly larger than Speleoberotha palomae and their male terminalia are different, particularly in the shape of sternite 9, length of the complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 and the presence of the gonapophyses 10 in Speleoberotha palomae. Female genitalia of both species are similar, but Speleoberotha palomae has larger gonapophyses 9 and bursa copulatrix than Speleoberotha mineira.</p> <p>The paired hooked structures located apically in the male terminalia of Speleoberotha palomae are interpreted here as the gonapophyses 10. These structures are clearly located internally and are not related to sternite IX. They seem to be unique in Berothidae, because no other species have something similar to them. In Mantispoidea, the only structures that could somehow be related to these paired structures of Speleoberotha palomae are traditionally called the hypomeres in Mantispidae, which were interpreted as gonapophyses 10 by Ardila-Camacho et al. (2021). In Symphrasinae, the gonapophyses 10 are a pair of elongated rods located near the complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10, whereas in Mantispinae they are reduced and located near the apex of the complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10. No other paired structures besides the gonapophyses 10 have been described in the male terminalia of Mantispoidea, and for this reason we tentative call these structures in Speleoberotha palomae the gonapophyses 10. We suggest that these paired structures are a plesiomorphic character retained by this new species, which could be reinforced by the position of Cyrenoberothinae in our phylogeny and by the fact the members of the subfamily are known to retain plesiomorphic characters, such as the tergite IX and ectoproct not fused, the presence of the recurrent humeral in the forewing and the lack of bristles in the complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10.</p> <p>Most of the type series of Speleoberotha palomae was collected at the Ubajara National Park, a protected area in the wider Caatinga Biome, the most xeric biome of Brazil. However, the park is located on the Ibiapaba ridge, an elevated area (950 m a.s.l. at the highest point) with higher precipitation, supporting some forested areas with many elements shared with the Atlantic rainforest biome, usually classified as ‘brejo de altitude’ (Queiroz et al., 2017). Ubajara National Park contains a total of 11 caves, and the specimens presented here were collected close to one of these (P. H. F. Shimabukuro, personal communication), suggesting that the species might live inside caves, as its congeneric species does. The specimens from Pernambuco State were collected at Triunfo, a municipality located at the highest point of the state and also surrounded by Atlantic forest of a ‘brejo de altitude’ type (Fig. 3C). However, the location of these collected specimens lacks any known nearby caves and/or grottos, but has a 15 m waterfall and rocky formations, which includes many rock overhangs and similar sheltered sites that this species might prefer.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB145F9C6AFFC3FC143CE4FC8707F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Machado, Renato Jose Pires;Martins, Caleb Califre;Aspöck, Horst;Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda;Aspöck, Ulrike	Machado, Renato Jose Pires, Martins, Caleb Califre, Aspöck, Horst, Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda, Aspöck, Ulrike (2022): The first cave associated genus of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), and a new interpretation of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195: 1422-1444, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab104
03AB145F9C62FFDFFE8B3950FD3303DD.text	03AB145F9C62FFDFFE8B3950FD3303DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Speleoberotha mineira Machado & Martins & Aspöck & Tavares & Aspöck 2022	<div><p>SPELEOBEROTHA MINEIRA SP. NOV.</p> <p>FIGS 8–11</p> <p>Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A658A43A-C144-43C2-85A5-3FAF6B84CD02.</p> <p>Etymology: Mineira is a Brazilian gentilic term for people from Minas Gerais State, where all specimens were collected.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Slightly larger than Speleoberotha palomae. Male: sternite 9 with a medial lobe covered by long setae and placed between two small lobes; gonapophyses 10 absent; complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 longer than gonocoxites 11 in lateral view.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Identical to Speleoberotha palomae except for the following characteristics.</p> <p>Measurements (N = 5): Body length average (Figs 8A–C), 3.53 mm (variation, 2.8–3.9 mm); forewing length average (Fig. 8D), 5.7 mm (variation, 5.3–6.0 mm); hindwing length average, 4.73 mm (variation, 4.4–5.1 mm).</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 9, 10): Tergite 9 wider ventrally and not fused with ectoproct. Ectoproct without callus cerci and with posterior margins turning outward in dorsal view. Sternite 9 subtriangular in ventral view, with three lobes: a large medial one covered with long setae and two smaller lateral lobes. Gonocoxites 11 as a simple unpaired bow, in lateral view with the posterior ending curving upward. Gonocoxites 9 also a simple unpaired bow, in lateral view with the anterior half wider than the posterior half. Gonocoxites 11 and 9 connected basally. Complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 long and acute apically, and longer than gonocoxites 11 in lateral view. Gonapophyses 10 absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 1 1): Gonocoxites and gonapophyses of segment 8 absent; tergite 9 not fused with ectoproct; tergite 9 ventrally e l o n g a t e d; g o n o c o x i t e s 9 o v o i d, h y p o c a u d a e lacking; gonapophyses 9 as tiny curved sclerites; spermatheca elongated and coiled, becoming narrower and sclerotized in the medial and final portions; proximal portion elongated opening in a median and membranous bursa copulatrix.</p> <p>Holotype: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.10083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.2925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.10083/lat -18.2925)">Varjão de Minas</a>: 18°17′33″S, 46°06′03″W, cavernas, 5 July 2018, Carlos Sena, DZUP 381916 (male; DZUP).</p> <p>Paratypes (4 ♂, 1 ♀): BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.442223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.445833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.442223/lat -20.445833)">Pains</a>: 20°26′45″S, 45°26′32″W: gruta Cinderela, 18 September 2009, Zampaulo R.A., DZUP 381917 (two ♂, one ♀; DZUP); idem (one ♂; RPSP); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.846386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.309721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.846386/lat -20.309721)">Doresópolis</a>: 20°18′35″S, 45°50′47″W: gruta Helinho II, 26 August 2009, Zampaulo R.A., DZUP 381918 (one ♂; DZUP).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>All six specimens of Speleoberotha mineira presented here were collected near the entrances of caves; they were not found deeper inside. The specimens came from three different limestone caves situated in three municipalities in Minas Gerais State (Doresópolis, Pains and Varjão de Minas), all located in the Cerrado Biome (Brazilian savanna). This region of Minas Gerais is famous for the large number of caves, with&gt; 1000 caves known in this area. Some of the specimens shown here were collected in caves nearly 300 km apart, suggesting that the species might be widespread in this caverich region of Minas Gerais.</p> <p>See the Remarks section under Speleoberotha palomae for features differentiating the two new species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB145F9C62FFDFFE8B3950FD3303DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Machado, Renato Jose Pires;Martins, Caleb Califre;Aspöck, Horst;Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda;Aspöck, Ulrike	Machado, Renato Jose Pires, Martins, Caleb Califre, Aspöck, Horst, Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda, Aspöck, Ulrike (2022): The first cave associated genus of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), and a new interpretation of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195: 1422-1444, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab104
03AB145F9C7FFFDEFDAC3CABFAFD005D.text	03AB145F9C7FFFDEFDAC3CABFAFD005D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrenoberothinae MacLeod & Adams 1967	<div>- Wings: Sc and RA not fused apically............................................................................................................... 52. Forewing: subcostal veinlets forking apically; five or six RP branches. Extant............................................ 3- Forewing: subcostal veinlets not forking apically; two or three RP branches. Extinct................................. 4 3. Forewing with dark marks surrounding the major forks and crossveins. Male gonocoxites 11 with thin dorsal arc connecting the two main pieces. Female with stubby hypocaudae. Southern Africa........................................................................................................................................................................ Manselliberotha - Forewing hyaline. Male gonocoxites 11 without a thin dorsal arc connecting the two main pieces. Female without hypocaudae. Chile........................................................................................................ Cyrenoberotha 4. Forewing: well-defined pterostigma; Sc + RA without branches; one crossvein between CuP and A1. Early Cretaceous, Lebanon.................................................................................................................. Sibelliberotha - Forewing: pterostigma not well defined; Sc + RA with long branches forking apically; no crossvein between CuP and A1. Mid Cretaceous, Myanmar..................................................................................... Protoberotha 5. Forewing: most subcostal veinlets forked; one crossvein between MA and MP. Hindwing M fork distal, near the origin of the basal branch of RP. Antennae longer than forewing. Extant, Brazil................................................................................................................................................................................. Speleoberotha gen. nov. - Forewing: subcostal veinlets not forked; no crossvein between MA and MP. Hindwing M fork basal, near the level of vein 1r-m. Antennae shorter than forewing. Early Eocene, Canada........................... Microberotha</div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB145F9C7FFFDEFDAC3CABFAFD005D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Machado, Renato Jose Pires;Martins, Caleb Califre;Aspöck, Horst;Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda;Aspöck, Ulrike	Machado, Renato Jose Pires, Martins, Caleb Califre, Aspöck, Horst, Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda, Aspöck, Ulrike (2022): The first cave associated genus of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), and a new interpretation of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195: 1422-1444, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab104
