identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
13904BA524F85CCBA8D4BE005104B34C.text	13904BA524F85CCBA8D4BE005104B34C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malayorthomorpha halabala Likhitrakarn & Golovatch & Sittichaya 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Malayorthomorpha halabala sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 2A, 3, 4, 5</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Holotype: Thailand - Yala Province • ♂;  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.433334/lat 5.9166665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.9166665">Betong District</a>
                 , hill in evergreen forest, on forest floor; 1440 m a.s.l.; 5°55'N, 101°26'E; 22 May 2021; Wisut Sittichaya leg.; CUMZ  .   Paratype: Thailand - Yala Province • ♀; same District, elfin montane forest (  Malaya Phytochorion province ); 1430 m a.s.l.; 25 May 2022; Wisut Sittichaya leg.; CUMZ  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This new species seems to be particularly similar to  M. siveci Mršić , 1996, with which it shares most of the gonopodal characters. It differs from  M. siveci by the wider body, 2.7-3.2 mm (vs smaller, 1.2 mm), the colour pattern which is uniformly red brown with lighter red brown paraterga (Fig. 3A-F) (vs a light brown body with the collum and caudal edges of metazonae margined darker brown; Fig. 1A), as well as the pleurosternal carinae present until segment 11 (vs until segment 5), the sternal lobe between ♂ coxae 4 with a pair of small cones laterally near base (Fig. 3E, H, I) (vs absent, Fig. 1D), and the tip of the gonopod with a denticulate margin (Figs 4A, B, 5C, D) (vs smooth and rounded; Fig. 1E-G). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Length 29.3 (♂) or 36.2 mm (♀), width of midbody pro- and metazonae 2.1 and 2.7 mm (♂) or 2.7 and 3.2 mm (♀), respectively.</p>
            <p>Colouration of live animal rusty red (Fig. 2A), edges of paraterga light red brown; antennae dark brownish, legs and venter contrasting light yellow (Fig. 2A); colouration in alcohol, after one week of preservation, red brown (Fig. 3A-F); edges of paraterga light red brown, head and antennae brown, legs, venter and a few basal antennomeres contrasting light yellow (Fig. 3A-G).</p>
            <p>Clypeolabral region sparsely setose; epicranial suture distinct. Antennae long, extending caudally past metaterga 5 (♂) or metaterga 3 (♀) when stretched dorsally. In width, segment 3 &lt;4 = collum &lt;segment 2 = head &lt;segment 5 &lt;6-17, body gently and gradually tapering thereafter.</p>
            <p>Collum with three transverse rows of setae: 4+4 in anterior, 2+2 in intermediate, and 3+3 in posterior row, all mostly abraded, but still traceable as insertion points; lateral incisions absent; caudal corner of paraterga very broadly rounded, declined ventrad, produced slightly past rear tergal margin (Fig. 3A, B).</p>
            <p>Tegument generally smooth and shining, prozonae finely shagreened, metaterga finely leathery and faintly rugulose (Fig. 3A, C, F), surface below paraterga leathery and rugose (Fig. 3B, D, E). Postcollum metaterga with two transverse rows of setae traceable at least as insertion points when setae broken off: 2+2 in anterior (presulcus) and 3+3 in posterior (post-sulcus) row. Tergal setae simple, slender, ca. 1/3 as long as metaterga. Axial line barely traceable both on pro- and metazonae.</p>
            <p>Paraterga rather well developed (Fig. 3A, C, F), lying rather high (at upper 1/3 of body), slightly upturned, but lying below dorsum; anterior edge broadly rounded and narrowly bordered, fused to callus; lateral edge without incisions; caudal corner very narrowly rounded, not produced past rear tergal margin except in rings 2 and 3 (Fig. 3A, B); posterior edge nearly straight. Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge angular and rounded, lateral edge without incisions (Fig. 3A).</p>
            <p>Calluses on paraterga rather narrow, delimited by a sulcus fully on dorsal side and in about posterior 2/3 on ventral side; on poreless rings more narrow than on pore-bearing ones in dorsal view (Fig. 3B, D, E). Ozopores evident, lateral, lying in an ovoid groove at about 1/3 in front of posterior edge of metaterga.</p>
            <p>Transverse sulcus usually distinct (Fig. 3A, C, F), complete on metaterga 5-17, narrow, line-shaped, rather deep, not reaching the bases of paraterga, very faintly ribbed at bottom, incomplete and nearly wanting on segment 18. Stricture between pro- and metazona wide, deep, ribbed at bottom down to base of paraterga starting with segment 5 (Fig. 3A-E, F). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests with a sharp caudal tooth on rings 2-4, increasingly reduced and retaining a sharp caudal tooth on rings 5 and 6 thereafter, further retained as a small caudal tooth and increasingly reduced until segment 11, absent from segment 12 on (♂, ♀) (Fig. 3B, D, E).</p>
            <p>Epiproct (Fig. 3E-G) conical, flattened dorsoventrally, with two evident, but small, rounded, apical papillae; tip subtruncate; pre-apical papillae small, but evident, lying close to tip. Paraprocts regularly convex, each with premarginal sulci medially and two pairs of setigerous knobs at medial margin (Fig. 3G). Hypoproct roundly subtrapeziform, setigerous knobs at caudal edge very small and well-separated (Fig. 3G).</p>
            <p>Sterna sparsely setose, shining, cross-impressions shallow, without modifications; a single, linguiform, medially rather deeply notched sternal lobe between ♂ coxae 4, with a pair of small cones laterally near base (Fig. 3E, H, I). A conspicuous and high ridge present in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender (Fig. 3B), midbody ones ca. 1.4-1.6 (♂) or 1.2-1.3 (♀) times as long as body height, without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes absent.</p>
            <p>Gonopods (Figs 4A-D, 5) simple; coxa a little curved caudad, densely setose distoventrally. Prefemur as usual, densely setose, about 1/3 as long as femorite + postfemoral part. Femorite rather stout, wider than prefemur or postfemur, slightly expanded distad, suberect, showing a distinct mesal groove/hollow (g), with a sulcus demarcating a postfemoral part; seminal groove running entirely mesally along fermorite, solenomere (sl) flagelliform, almost fully sheathed by solenophore (sph). Lamina medialis (lm) well developed, short and unciform, terminal lobe sheathing the tip of solenomerite. Lamina lateralis (ll) elevated, prominent, stout, expanded apically, denticulate at caudal edge (Figs 3A, B, 4C, D).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>To emphasize Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, the type locality. Noun in apposition.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> A comparison of these two species shows only a few differences, but they are sufficient to distinguish both. The type locality of  M. siveci , Park Belum, is located quite far away (ca. 50 km) from this new place. In addition, because the elevations between the two localities are greater than 1000 meters above sea-level, it seems improbable that the species is one and the same. Consequently, we conclude that the two are obviously distinct species. </p>
            <p> The specimens were collected in a primary sub-elfin montane forest with no significant disturbance due to human activity, in a high mountainous area of southernmost Thailand (Fig. 2B, C). The area is dominated by a single plant species,  Dacrydium elatum . The canopy of  Dacrydium elatum is low (ca. 10-15 m above ground), flat and continuously covering the area. The understorey is dense and covered with dwarf branches of small hardwood trees and teeming with bryophytes, lichens, orchids and ferns. The forest floor is with abundant orchids, ferns, liverworts, and thick slowly degraded bio-litters. The female specimen was easy to spot on the substrate and observed crawling on the leaf litter surface (Fig. 1A). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/13904BA524F85CCBA8D4BE005104B34C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Sittichaya, Wisut	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sittichaya, Wisut (2022): Review of the millipede genus Malayorthomorpha Mrsic, 1996 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand and a key to its species. ZooKeys 1118: 1-19, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1118.89593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1118.89593
4E5486C31E6D5230A5A310AB0C51AEF0.text	4E5486C31E6D5230A5A310AB0C51AEF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malayorthomorpha hulutbeeda Likhitrakarn & Golovatch & Sittichaya 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Malayorthomorpha hulutbeeda sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 6, 7, 8</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>  Holotype: Thailand - Yala Province • ♂; Betong District, elfin montane forest (  Malaya Phytochorion province ); 1430 m a.s.l.; 25 May 2022; Wisut Sittichaya leg.; CUMZ. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This new species is distinguished from its two congeners in sternal process between male coxae 4 linguiform with a rounded tip, and lamina lateralis of gonopodal solenophore triangular, apically bifid and protruded laterally.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Length of holotype 31.5 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazonae 2.7 and 3.0 mm, respectively.</p>
            <p>Colouration of alcohol material after one week of preservation dark red brown (Fig. 6A-F); paraterga paler, head and antennae light brown to brown (Fig. 6A, B), legs and venter contrasting light yellow to brown (Fig. 6), antennae and legs increasingly darker brown distally (Fig. 6B, E, G).</p>
            <p> All characters as in  M. halabala sp. nov., except as follows. </p>
            <p>Antennae rather long, extending caudally past metaterga 4 when stretched dorsally. Collum with three transverse rows of setae: 4+4 in anterior, 2+2 in intermediate, and 3+3 in posterior row; with a small lateral setigerous incision near midway (Fig. 6A, B).</p>
            <p>Paraterga 2 broad, anterior edge angular and rounded, lateral edge with a small notch at about 1/4 in front of caudal corner (Fig. 6A). Calluses on paraterga rather narrow, delimited by a sulcus fully on dorsal side and in posterior half on ventral side; on poreless rings narrower than on pore-bearing ones in dorsal view (Fig. 6B, D, E).</p>
            <p>Transverse sulcus distinct (Fig. 6A, C, F), complete on metaterga 5-17, narrow, line-shaped, rather deep, not reaching the bases of paraterga, smooth at bottom, incomplete and nearly wanting on ring 18. Stricture between pro- and metazona wide, deep, beaded at bottom down to base of paraterga starting with segment 5 (Fig. 6A-F). Pleurosternal carinae complete crests with a sharp caudal tooth on rings 2-4, increasingly reduced and retaining a sharp caudal tooth on rings 5 and 6 thereafter, retaining a small caudal tooth on ring 7, missing further on (Fig. 6B, D, E).</p>
            <p>Hypoproct roundly subtriangular, setigerous knobs at caudal edge very small and well-separated (Fig. 6G).</p>
            <p>Sterna moderately setose, shining, cross-impressions shallow, without modifications; an entire, large, linguiform, sternal lobe between ♂ coxae 4, with a pair of small denticles laterally near base (Figs 6H, I, 7E). An inconspicuous and low ridge present in front of gonopod aperture. Legs long and slender, midbody ones ca. 1.6-1.9 times as long as body height, without modifications, ♂ tarsal brushes absent.</p>
            <p>Gonopods (Figs 7A-D, 8) rather simple; coxa almost straight caudad, densely setose distoventrally. Prefemur as usual, densely setose, about 1/3 as long as femorite + postfemoral part. Femorite stout, suberect, showing a distinct mesal groove/hollow (g), with a sulcus demarcating a postfemoral part; seminal groove running entirely mesally along fermorite, solenomere (sl) flagelliform, almost fully sheathed by solenophore (sph). Lamina medialis (lm) well developed, thick and large, unciform, terminal lobe sheathing the tip of solenomere. Lamina lateralis (ll) triangular in shape, protruding laterally, tapered apically, bifid at tip (Figs 7C, D, 8A, 8C-D).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> To emphasize "  Malayorthomorpha hulutbeeda " which means "flat-back millipede" in Malay dialect, a noun in apposition. A Malay dialect language is mainly used in three provinces of southern Thailand where the holotype was obtained. </p>
            <p>Remark.</p>
            <p> This species was found living together with  M. halabala sp. nov. Moreover, according to our observations, they may even occur syntopically, sharing the same habitat: leaf litter surface, branches of trees and tree trunks. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E5486C31E6D5230A5A310AB0C51AEF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Sittichaya, Wisut	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sittichaya, Wisut (2022): Review of the millipede genus Malayorthomorpha Mrsic, 1996 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand and a key to its species. ZooKeys 1118: 1-19, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1118.89593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1118.89593
CD7AEBAED2F254E9B7042AB9C3B52C9A.text	CD7AEBAED2F254E9B7042AB9C3B52C9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malayorthomorpha Mrsic 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  
Malayorthomorpha 
Mrsic
, 1996
</p>
            <p> Malayorthomorpha Mršić , 1996: 139 (D). </p>
            <p> Malayorthomorpha - Golovatch 1997: 134 (M, K); Shelley et al. 2000: 111 (L). </p>
            <p>Amended diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Body medium-sized to large (ca. 24-41 mm long, ca. 1.2-2.7 mm wide), with 20 segments. Paraterga from poorly to rather well developed, without lateral incisions. Transverse metatergal sulcus distinct. Leg relatively long and slender, without modifications. ♂ tarsal brushes absent. Sternal lobe between ♂ coxae 4 present, other sternites unmodified.</p>
            <p>Gonopods rather simple to relatively complex; coxites elongate, subcylindrical, sparsely setose distoventrally, without tubercles; prefemoral (= setose) part of telopodite moderate to relatively large, 1/3-1/2 as long as acropodite; femorite moderately long and stout, slightly curved, devoid of a distinct distolateral sulcus demarcating a postfemoral part; a well-developed lamina medialis and a hypertrophied lamina lateralis of solenophore; the latter subterminally with a long, distally pointed and curved lobe broadened at base and protecting the tip of a curved solenomere. Apex of solenophore subquadrate. Solenomere flagelliform, starting about level to demarcation cingulum between femorite and solenophore, seminal groove running entirely or mostly mesally along an excavate femorite.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Malayorthomorpha siveci Mršić , 1996, by original designation. </p>
            <p>Affinities.</p>
            <p> As noted earlier (Golovatch 1997, 1998), the gonopodal conformation of  Malayorthomorpha seems to especially similar to that of  Cleptomorpha Golovatch, 1997, a monospecific genus of  Orthomorphini from Sumatra, Indonesia. Yet both genera compared differ clearly in the gonopod femorite showing an indistinct, oblique, mesal fold, a relatively slender solenophore and an apically terminating solenomere in  Cleptomorpha compared to the gonopod femorite that is clearly excavated mesally, has a considerably stouter solenophore, and the solenomere termnating mesally about the solenophore midway in  Malayorthomorpha (Golovatch 1997). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD7AEBAED2F254E9B7042AB9C3B52C9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Sittichaya, Wisut	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sittichaya, Wisut (2022): Review of the millipede genus Malayorthomorpha Mrsic, 1996 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand and a key to its species. ZooKeys 1118: 1-19, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1118.89593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1118.89593
7C98A1427D1B537DA34B9149772328D3.text	7C98A1427D1B537DA34B9149772328D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malayorthomorpha siveci Mrsic 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Malayorthomorpha siveci 
Mrsic
, 1996
</p>
            <p>Fig. 1</p>
            <p> Malayorthomorpha siveci Mršić , 1996: 139 (D). </p>
            <p> Malayorthomorpha siveci - Shelley et al. 2000: 111 (L). </p>
            <p>Remark.</p>
            <p> This species was described from Park Belum, 5°30'7"N, 101°26'21"E, ca. 320-350 m a.s.l., Hulu (Sungani), Perak, Malaysia (  Mršić 1996). Only two male specimens have been obtained, and both have been discovered in a small area. This species is considered endemic to northern Malaysia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C98A1427D1B537DA34B9149772328D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai;Golovatch, Sergei I.;Sittichaya, Wisut	Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Sittichaya, Wisut (2022): Review of the millipede genus Malayorthomorpha Mrsic, 1996 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand and a key to its species. ZooKeys 1118: 1-19, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1118.89593, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1118.89593
