identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CC8780FFB79846FF50F9A9FA95C267.text	03CC8780FFB79846FF50F9A9FA95C267.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidotrigona thenzawlensis Viraktamath and Rojeet 2022	<div><p>Lepidotrigona thenzawlensis Viraktamath and Rojeet sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4: a s4–s6, 5: a1–a3, 6 a, b)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Lepidotrigona thenzawlensis is a member of the ventralis species group with male and female bees measuring a mean of 5.18 and 4.79 mm long with forewing length of 4.66 and 4.52 mm, respectively (Table 1). The species can be distinguished from L. rajithae sp. n., L. amruthae sp. n. and L. sikkimensis sp. n. by the following characters: In male bees, gradulus of sternum 4 does not touch antecosta in L. thenzawlensis (Fig. 4a s-4) (touches briefly in L. rajithae (Fig. 4 b s-4) and L. sikkimensis (Fig. 4 d s-4), does not touch in L. amruthae (Fig. 4 c s-4); apical margin with a distinct emargination medially whereas, it is weakly emarginate in L. rajithae, produced into a broad lobe in L. amruthae; gently convex in L. sikkimensis; gradulus of sternum 5 touches antecosta extensively in L. thenzawlensis (Fig. 4 a s-5), (touches briefly in L. rajithae (4 b s-5) and L. amruthae (Fig. 4 c s-5), touches extensively in L. sikkimensis (Fig. 4 d s-5)); distance between two apicosubmedian lobes is very short in L. thenzawlensis (0.15 mm) and L. rajithae (0.18 mm) but great in L. amruthae (0.29 mm) and L. sikkimensis (0.31 mm); apicolateral lobes longer than wide in L. thenzawlensis, L. rajithae and L. sikkimensis but as long as wide in L. amruthae. Antecosta in sternum 6 is weakly bisinuate in L. thenzawlensis (Fig 4 a s-6), straight in L. rajithae (Fig. 4 b s-6), weakly convex in L. amruthae (Fig.4c s-6) and L. sikkimensis (Fig. 4 d s-6); the apicomedial lobe 0.29 mm long, broadly pointed in L. thenzawlensis compared to L. rajithae (0.32 mm long, bluntly rounded), L. amruthae (0.33 mm long, acutely pointed) and L. sikkimensis (0.35 mm long, acutely pointed), the apodemal lobes widely separated in L. thenzawlensis moderately separated in L. rajithae, L. amruthae and L. sikkimensis (Fig. 4 a-d s-6). The penis valve is shorter in L. thenzawlensis (0.62 mm), moderately long in L. rajithae (0.80 mm) and very long in L. amruthae (0.87 mm) and L. sikkimensis (0.89 mm) (Table 2).</p> <p>Males of L. thenzawlensis also differ from other members of the ventralis species group namely L. flavibasis (Cockerell), L. satun Attasopa and Banziger, L. doipaensis (Schwarz) and L. ventralis in the following characters. Mesoscuta of L. thenzawlensis, L. flavibasis. and L. doipaensis are not bordered by scale like hairs but bordered in L. satun; in sternum 4, the apicomedial margin in L. thenzawlensis is with a distinct emargination while angularly emarginated in L. satun, slightly concave in L. doipaensis and convex in L. flavibasis, distinctly convex in L. ventralis; apicosubmedian lobes of sternum 5 slender and pointed in L. thenzawlensis while they are rounded in L. satun, slender and pointed in L. flavibasis, L. doipaensis and triangular and pointed in L. ventralis; gonostylus in L. thenzawlensis is shorter (0.82 mm) than that of L. flavibasis (0.91 to 0.96 mm) and L. ventralis (1.25 mm) longer than in L. satun (0.75–0.78 mm), L. doipaensis (0.67-0.71 mm);gonostylus expanded apically in all the species of ventralis group except L. ventralis; spinulation in the apical expanded part of gonostylus gradually becomes denser towards apex in L. thenzawlensis, L. rajithae, L. amruthae and L. sikkimensis and L. satun while it is equally dense throughout the expanded part in L. flavibasis and L. doipaensis.</p> <p>Female bees of L. thenzawlensis differ from L. rajithae, L. amruthae, L. sikkimensis and L. arcifera, in the following respects. Mesoscutum of L. thenzawlensis is not bordered by scale-like plumose hairs but bordered in L. rajithae, L. amruthae and L. sikkimensis and L. arcifera (Figs. 2 b, 8 b, 11 b, 14 b); wings in all these new species with blackish brown tinge compared to clear and iridescent wings in L. arcifera; metasomal first tergum black and no semi-circular band in L. thenzawlensis while in L. rajithae, L. amruthae, L. sikkimensis, and L. arcifera the tergum is light yellow or brown with light or dark brown or black semi-circular band, while in L. ventralis a dark spot on each side of pale tergum (Sakagami 1975); malar space length is greater in L. thenzawlensis (0.15 mm) as against 0.12, 0.10, 0.10 and 0.13 mm in L. rajithae, L. amruthae, L. sikkimensis and L. arcifera, respectively; ratio of interocellar to ocellocular distance, scape length to eye length, hind tibial length to forewing diagonal length and hind basitarsus width to hind tibial width are greater in all these four new species than those in L. arcifera (Table 3).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Males</p> <p>Coloration. Head, mesosoma and metasoma light brown to black; labrum reddish-brown; clypeus black; scape black except the basal bulb reddish-brown; pedicel, flagellomeres dark reddish-brown; ocelli transparent, shiny, light brown to reddish-brown; compound eyes black (Fig. 1 a-c). Tegula, pterostigma, veins dark brown; legs light brown to reddish-brown, tarsi and hind tibia light brown. Mesoscutum with three very narrow, shiny longitudinal stripes arising from the anteromedial margin, extending up to the middle of mesoscutum. Metasomal terga dark reddish-brown approaching to black; tergum 1 black without any band (Fig. 1 b); sterna light brown with dark reddish-brown patches.</p> <p>Pilosity. Labrum, apical margin of clypeus fringed with long plumose white hairs; basal part of clypeus, face with white, short plumose hairs (Fig. 1 c); vertex with grey erect hairs; post genal margin fringed with long white hairs (Fig. 1 a). Mesoscutum without border of plumose scale-like hairs; integument with short greyish hairs; mesoscutellum fringed with short pale hairs; all legs with short white hairs; anterior and posterior margins, upper surface of the hind tibia with similar short white hairs. Pronotal lobe, mesepisternum and metepisternum with yellowishwhite long plumose hairs, the density and length of hairs increasing on the lower parts; the anterolateral surface of propodeum with thick white short plumose hairs (Fig. 1 a). Metasomal terga and sterna shiny, with white fine hairs, the density and length of hairs progressively increasing towards the terminal segments and medial regions of the sterna.</p> <p>Morphometry. Mean body length 5.18 mm, head width including compound eyes 1.83 mm (Table 1); head length 1.26 mm; eye 1.22 mm long 0.51 mm wide; upper interocular distance 3.09× greater than interocellar distance (0.35 mm); median ocellus 19× greater than malar space length (0.01 mm); scape 3.60× longer than its width (0.15 mm); mandible 0.44 mm long, 0.22 mm wide; forewing 4.66 mm long 1.63 mm wide; forewing diagonal length 1.33 mm; hind tibia 2.75× longer than its width (0.55 mm) while the hind basitarsus 1.79× longer than its width (0.38 mm).</p> <p>The ratio of head length to width 0.69; scape length to eye length 0.44; forewing length to width 2.86; hind tibial length to head width 0.83; hind basitarsus width to hind tibial width 0.69 (Table 3).</p> <p>Metasomal sterna and genitalia. The following description is based on dissection of five males. Gradulus of sternum 4 transverse medially and not in touch with antecosta (Fig. 3 a); apico-medial margin with a distinct emargination, weakly angulate on both lateral sides. Gradulus of sternum 5 in touch with antecosta extensively; apical margin with two sub-median and two lateral lobes (Fig. 3 b); sub-median lobes longer (0.31 mm), slender, pointed, terminating into 2–3 short spine-like structures; both lobes separated by 0.15 mm distance with a deep inverted U-shaped emargination; apicolateral lobes longer than wide (0.15 mm long, 0.07 mm wide), pointed, separated from sub-median lobe by a shallow inverted U-shaped emargination. Antecosta of sternum 6 weakly bisinuate in the middle with 0.29 mm long, triangular, broadly pointed apicomedian lobe. Apodemal lobes widely separated from each other (Fig. 3 c).</p> <p>Genitalia reddish-brown, asymmetrical (except gonostyli) with well sclerotized gonocoxae and penis valves while only basal 1/3 rd of gonostyli sclerotized (Fig. 3 d, e); left gonocoxa larger (0.23 mm long, 0.45 mm wide) than the right gonocoxa (0.23 mm long, 0.39 mm wide); penis valves dark reddish-brown; each penis valve 0.62 mm long, 0.32 mm wide at the base; terminal half of penis valve sharply curved laterally at a right angle and later narrowing terminally with a bluntly pointed apex; curvature of both penis valves asymmetrical, sometimes overlapping on each other. Each gonostylus arises laterally with a delicate attachment to the gonocoxa; 0.82 mm long, slender and tubular; sinuate at about the mid-length; 0.04 mm wide at the base, then widening to 0.06 mm in the middle and later slightly widening to 0.08 mm at the apical 1/4 th; series of short and long setae arise from the medial and lateral surface of terminal expanded part with higher density near the apex (Fig. 3 e).</p> <p>Females</p> <p>Coloration. Head, mesosoma, metasoma black (Fig. 2 a-c). Labrum, clypeus, compound eyes black. Scape, pedicel, flagellomeres black except basal bulb of scape reddish-brown (Fig. 2 c). Tegula black; wings with brownish-black tinge; pterostigma, veins dark brown; all the legs black except tarsi lighter. Mesoscutum with three very narrow, shiny longitudinal stripes arising from the anteromedial margin, extending up to the middle of mesoscutum. Metasomal terga and sterna black with inter-segmental lines light brown; tergum 1 black without any semi-circular band (Fig. 2 b). In some females, the depressed area of propodeum reddish- brown.</p> <p>Pilosity. Labrum fringed with short intermixed with long white hairs; clypeus, face, gena, post-gena, lower part of occiput clothed with short white hairs; vertex with brownish short erect hairs (Fig. 2 a-c). Mesoscutum without a border of scale-like plumose hairs; mesoscutellum fringed with yellowish mixed with reddish-brown hairs (Fig. 2 b). Pronotal lobe, anterior upper part of mesepisternum, metepisternum, anterolateral areas of propodeum with thick felt of white plumose hairs obscuring underlying integument; lower part of mesepisternum covered with long white hairs (Fig. 2 a). Anterior and posterior margins of hind tibia fringed with dark brown intermixed with pale hairs; upper surface shiny and bare. Basal margin of terga of metasoma with a transverse row of short white hairs; terminal terga fringed with long white hairs; sterna with long white hairs with high density on the medial region and terminal sterna.</p> <p>Morphometry. Female paratypes measure a mean of 4.79 mm in body length and 1.90 mm in head width (Table 1). Head length, eye length, malar space length 1.35, 1.16, 0.15 mm, respectively; upper interocular distance 1.24 mm; interocellar distance 1.17× greater than ocellocular distance (0.30 mm); mandible 0.75 mm long, 0.28 mm wide; forewing 2.86× longer than its width (1.58 mm); wing diagonal length 1.35 mm; hind tibial length 2.23× longer than the hind basitarsus length (0.70 mm); hind tibial width 1.45× greater than hind basitarsus width (0.40 mm)</p> <p>The ratio of head length to width 0.71 (Table 3); interocellar to ocellocular distance 1.17; scape length to eye length 0.61; forewing length to width 2.76; hind tibial length to head width 0.80; hind tibial length to forewing diagonal length 1.12; hind basitarsus width to hind tibial width 0.68.</p> <p>Nest. A colony of this species was found in the tree trunk. The entrance tube was 1.5 cm long, soft, brownish, with a wide opening of 1.10 cm. The brood cells were arranged in a single thick multi-layered comb (Fig. 6 a, b).</p> <p>......continued on the next page</p> <p>TABLE 1. (Continued)</p> <p>All measurements in mm (mean ± standard deviation) except hamuli, *Based on Rasmussen (2013)</p> <p>Materials examined. Holotype: Male: Mizoram: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.7741&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.2808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.7741/lat 23.2808)">Thenzawl</a> (23.2808° N, 92.7741° E, Altitude 783 m. a.s.l.), 20.x.2020, leg. Rojeet T. deposited at UASB. Paratypes: Eight males, 30 females with the same collection data deposited at UASB; one female paratype will be deposited at ZSIK.</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the place Thenzawl from where the samples were collected.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC8780FFB79846FF50F9A9FA95C267	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, Shashidhar;Thangjam, Rojeet	Viraktamath, Shashidhar, Thangjam, Rojeet (2022): Description of four new species of Lepidotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) from north-east India. Zootaxa 5175 (1): 1-30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.1
03CC8780FFBF9844FF50FE75FEF0C163.text	03CC8780FFBF9844FF50FE75FEF0C163.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidotrigona rajithae Viraktamath and Rojeet 2022	<div><p>Lepidotrigona rajithae Viraktamath and Rojeet sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs.4 b, 5 b, 6 c, d, 7, 8, 9)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Lepidotrigona rajithae is characterized by large males (mean body length 6.00 mm, range 5.80 to 6.40 mm) and long forewings (mean 4.78 mm, range 4.70 to 5.05 mm); extremely short malar space length (0.01 mm); very broad semi-circular brown band on the metasomal first segment (Fig. 7 b); apical margin of sternum 4 weakly emarginate medially, bisinuate laterally (Fig. 9 a); apicosubmedian lobes of sternum 5 separated by a short distance of 0.18 mm (Fig. 9 b); apicomedian lobe of sternum 6, 0.32 mm long and bluntly rounded at the apex (Fig. 9 c); apodemal lobes moderately separated from each other; penis valve moderately long (0.80 mm); gonostylus 0.81 mm long with terminal expanded part setose on the medial and lateral surface, increasing in density progressively towards the apex (Fig. 9 e).</p> <p>Female bees are characterized by being of moderate size (4.15 mm); mesoscutum bordered with white, short, plumose scale-like hairs; distinct semi-circular dark brown band on the metasomal first tergum and malar space of moderate length (0.12 mm).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Males</p> <p>Coloration. Head, mesosoma, metasoma black (Fig. 7 a). Labrum dark reddish-brown; clypeus black; antennae dark reddish-brown except for basal bulb reddish-brown; compound eyes reddish-brown to dark reddish-brown; ocelli shiny, transparent yellowish-brown (Fig. 7 a-c). Mesoscutum with three very narrow, shiny longitudinal stripes arising from the anteromedial margin, extending up to the middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 7 b). Tegula, pterostigma, veins dark reddish-brown; wings with brownish tinge; metasomal terga black with intersegmental areas light making the metasoma banded (Fig. 7 a); terminal terga dark brown; sterna yellowish-brown with dark brown markings.</p> <p>Pilosity. Labrum fringed with brownish hairs; clypeus, entire face clothed with white plumose long hairs; vertex with long yellowish erect hairs; gena, post-genal margins fringed with long yellowish and greyish hairs (Fig. 7 a-c). Mesoscutum not bordered by scale-like hairs; mesoscutellum fringed with long yellowish hairs (Fig. 7 b); pronotal lobe, mesepisternum and metepisternum with yellowish long plumose hairs with higher density towards the lower margin; anterolateral sides of propodeum with white plumose hairs (Fig. 7 a); anterior, posterior and upper surface of hind tibia fringed with white hairs; metasomal terga with short, fine white hairs, the density increasing progressively towards terminal terga; sterna clothed with white hairs with more density towards the medial side and terminal sterna.</p> <p>Morphometry. Males measure a mean of 6.00 mm in length and 1.82 mm in head width (Table 1); one male as large as 6.40 mm in length and 1.88 mm in head width; head 1.26 mm long; eye 2.37× longer than its width (0.52 mm); upper interocular distance 1.07 mm; diameter of median ocellus 18× greater than malar space length (0.01 mm); interocellar distance 1.67× greater than cello-ocular distance (0.21 mm); scape 0.54 mm long, 0.14 mm wide; forewing 4.78 mm long, 1.69 mm wide; wing diagonal length 1.36 mm; hind tibia 2.20× longer than hind basitarsus (0.70 mm); hind tibial width 1.50× greater than hind basitarsus width (0.38 mm)</p> <p>The ratio of head length to width 0.69; eye length to upper interocular distance 1.15; interocellar to ocellocular distance 1.67; forewing length to width 2.83; hind tibial length to forewing diagonal length 1.13; hind basitarsus width to hind tibial width 0.67 (Table 3).</p> <p>Metasomal sterna and genitalia. The following description is based on the dissection of five males. Sternum 4 well sclerotized; gradulus touches the antecosta medially for a short distance; apical margin with a weak emargination, gently sinuate on both lateral sides (Fig. 9 a). Gradulus of sternum 5 touches the antecosta; sub-median lobes long, pointed terminating in 2 to 4 spine-like structures; each lobe 0.33 mm long, separated by 0.18 mm from each other with a deep inverted U-shaped concavity; apico-lateral lobes 0.14 mm long, 0.07 mm wide, narrowly pointed, separated from submedian lobe with a shallow broad inverted U-shaped concavity (Fig. 9 b) (Table 2). In sternum 6, the antecosta nearly straight with a triangular apicomedial lobe of 0.32 mm length and bluntly rounded apex (Fig. 9 c) (Table 2).</p> <p>All measurements in mm (mean ± standard deviation)</p> <p>Genitalia asymmetrical, dark reddish-brown with well sclerotized gonocoxae and penis valves (Fig. 9 d). Left gonocoxa larger (0.23 mm long, 0.44 mm wide) than the right gonocoxa (0.24 mm long, 0.41 mm wide); penis valves asymmetrical; each penis valve 0.80 mm long, 0.33 mm wide at the base; terminal half of each penis valve sharply curved at right angles laterally (curvature in both penis valves highly asymmetrical) terminating into very slender pointed apex (Fig. 9 d). Gonostylus tubular, sclerotized and basal 1/3 rd dark brown, remaining 2/3 rd light brown; arise from the lateral basal part of gonocoxa, sinuate at about the mid-length; 0.81 mm long with a width of 0.03 mm at the base, 0.05 mm in the middle and 0.07 mm at the terminal part; series of short and long setae arising from the terminal expanded part on the medial and lateral surface with higher density towards the apex (Fig. 9 e)</p> <p>Females</p> <p>Coloration. Head, mesosoma black (Fig. 8 a); labrum, clypeus black; scape black except the basal region and bulb reddish-brown; flagellomeres dark brown; compound eyes reddish-brown; ocelli shiny, transparent, pale (Fig. 8 c). Mesoscutum bordered by white scale-like plumose hairs (Fig. 8 b). Three very narrow, shiny longitudinal stripes arise from the anteromedial margin, extend up to the middle of the mesoscutum. Tegula, pterostigma, veins blackish brown. All the legs dark reddish-brown except the tarsi light brown. Metasomal first tergum light with the distinct dark brown semi-circular band; remaining terga light brown with a basal margin with a narrow dark brown transverse band thus metasoma appearing banded (Fig. 8 a, b); sterna pale.</p> <p>Pilosity. Labrum with short intermixed with long white hairs; clypeus, entire face, gena and post-gena clothed with dense white plumose hairs; vertex with short erect brown hairs (Fig. 8 c). Pronotal lobe, mesepisternum, metepisternum, anterolateral region of propodeum with thick white plumose hairs; lower part with long white hairs (Fig. 8 a); mesoscutellum fringed with pale yellow hairs (Fig. 8 b). Anterior and posterior margins of hind tibia fringed with brown mixed with white hairs; upper surface with sparse white hairs. Metasomal terga with white fine hairs, the density increasing towards terminal terga. Sterna with long white hairs with high density on medial regions.</p> <p>Morphometry. Females measure a mean of 4.15 mm in body length, 1.27 mm head length and 1.78 mm in head width; eye 1.09 mm long, 0.42 mm wide; upper inter-ocular distance 3.41× greater than interocellar distance (0.34 mm); median ocellus diameter 1.33× greater than malar space length (0.12 mm); scape 0.65 mm long 0.12 mm wide; mandible 2.36× longer than its width (0.28 mm); forewing 4.32 mm long, 1.47 mm wide; wing diagonal length 1.24 mm; hind tibial length 2.16× greater than hind basitarsus length (0.67 mm) (Table 1).</p> <p>The ratio of head length to width 0.69 (Table 3); interocellar to ocellocular distance 1.17; scape length to eye length 0.59; forewing length to width 3.04; hind tibial length to head width 0.82; hind tibial length to wing diagonal length 1.19; hind basitarsus to hind tibial width 0.69.</p> <p>Nest. A colony of this species was in the tree trunk. The entrance tube was 2.5 cm long with a funnel-like opening of 1.5 cm diameter. The entrance tube protruded from the tree trunk, light brown and soft. The brood cells were brown, arranged in multi-layered combs (Fig. 6 c, d).</p> <p>Materials examined. Holotype: Male: Mizoram: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.7741&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.2808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.7741/lat 23.2808)">Thenzawl</a> (23.2808° N, 92.7741° E, Altitude 783 m a.s.l.), 02.ix.2020, leg. Rojeet T. deposited at UASB. Paratypes: 12 males, 25 females with the same collection data deposited at UASB; one female paratype will be deposited at ZSIK.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the Sanskrit word “Rajitha” meaning “impressive” referring to large male bees.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC8780FFBF9844FF50FE75FEF0C163	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, Shashidhar;Thangjam, Rojeet	Viraktamath, Shashidhar, Thangjam, Rojeet (2022): Description of four new species of Lepidotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) from north-east India. Zootaxa 5175 (1): 1-30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.1
03CC8780FFBD9843FF50FD99FB35C5C7.text	03CC8780FFBD9843FF50FD99FB35C5C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidotrigona amruthae Viraktamath and Rojeet 2022	<div><p>Lepidotrigona amruthae Viraktamath and Rojeet sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 4c, 5c, 6e, 10, 11, 12)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Lepidotrigona amruthae is a member of the ventralis species group with male and female bees measuring a mean of 5.08 and 4.09 mm in body length and 4.39 and 4.24 mm in forewing length, respectively. The male bees are distinct in having the apical margin of metasomal sternum 4 produced into a small lobe and sinuate laterally (Fig 12 a); the apicosubmedian lobes of sternum 5 widely separated (0.29 mm) (Fig. 12 b); apicomedian lobe long (0.33 mm) and acutely pointed in the sternum 6; apodemal lobes moderately separated from each other (Fig. 12 c) and longer penis valve (0.87 mm) and gonostylus (0.86 mm) (Table 2).</p> <p>Female bees are smaller (4.09 mm body length); mesoscutum bordered with short, yellow, plumose, scale-like hairs; first metasomal tergum with the distinct light brown, narrow semi-circular band and malar space length very short (0.10 mm).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Males</p> <p>Coloration. Head, mesosoma, metasoma black (Fig. 10 a); labrum, scape dark reddish-brown except the basal bulb light reddish-brown; pedicel, flagellomeres dark reddish-brown on both upper and lower side; ocelli transparent, pale to dark reddish-brown, raised above the level of vertex integument; compound eyes reddish-brown (Fig. 10 c); Mesoscutum with three, very narrow, shiny longitudinal stripes extending up to the middle of mesoscutum; tegulae dark reddish-brown (Fig. 10 b); wings with brownish tinge; pterostigma, veins light brown. Legs reddish-brown except for the terminal four tarsal segments ochraceous. Metasomal tergum 1 pale with a dark brown, broad semi-circular band; remaining terga black except the terminal tergum yellowish-brown; sterna pale with dark brown bands of various size and shape across each tergum giving a banded appearance (Fig. 10 a, b).</p> <p>Pilosity. Entire face, clypeus clothed with plumose white hairs (Fig. 10 c); vertex, upper region of occiput with long pale hairs; lower occipital area with a patch of white fine hairs; genal, post-genal margins fringed with pale long hairs (Fig. 10 a). Mesoscutum not bordered with scale-like hairs, but margins fringed with fine, short pale-yellow hairs; mesoscutellum fringed with long pale-yellow hairs (Fig. 10 b). Pronotal lobe, mesepisternum, metepisternum, anterolateral areas of propodeum with white thick plumose hairs (Fig. 10 a). Anterior and posterior margins, upper surface of the hind tibia with short white hairs. Metasomal terga with white fine hairs, density increasing towards terminal segments; sterna with fine, dense white hairs with higher density towards medial and terminal ends.</p> <p>Morphometry. Males measure 5.08, 1.78 and 1.20 mm in body length, head width and head length, respectively (Table 1); eye 1.13 mm long, 0.49 mm wide; upper interocular distance 2.76× and 5.25× greater than interocellar (0.38 mm) and ocellocular distance (0.20 mm), respectively; median ocellus 4.75× larger than the malar space length (0.04 mm); scape 0.50 mm long, 0.14 mm wide; forewing 4.39 mm long, 1.46 mm wide; wing diagonal length 1.27 mm; hind tibia 2.34× longer than the hind basitarsus (0.62 mm) while 1.41× wider than hind basitarsus (0.37 mm).</p> <p>The ratio of head length to width 0.67; eye length to upper interocular distance 1.08; interocellar to ocellocular distance 1.90; forewing length to width 3.01; hind tibial length to forewing diagonal length 1.14; hind basitarsus width to hind tibial width 0.73 (Table 3).</p> <p>Metasomal sterna and genitalia. The following description is based on the dissection of five males. Sternum 4 is less sclerotized with gradulus not touching the antecosta; apical margin distinctly produced into a small, broad lobe medially; sinuate on both lateral sides (Fig. 12 a). Gradulus of sternum 5 touches antecosta for short distance medially; apicosubmedian lobes slender, 0.30 mm long, pointed terminating into 2 to 4 short spines; both lobes separated by 0.29 mm broad inverted U-shaped concavity; each apicolateral lobe as long as wide (0.10 mm) with rounded apex (Fig. 12 b). Antecosta of sternum 6 weakly convex medially; the apicomedial lobe 0.33 mm long, acutely pointed at apex. Apodemal lobes moderately separated from each other (Fig. 12 c).</p> <p>Genitalia asymmetrical except gonostyli, well sclerotized (Fig. 12 d). The left gonocoxa larger, 0.23 mm long, 0.51 mm wide while the right gonocoxa smaller measuring 0.23 and 0.44 mm in length and width, respectively. Penis valve 0.87 mm long with a basal width of 0.35 mm at the base; terminal half of each penis valve curved differently, often in the same direction, overlapping with each other, terminating in slender pointed apices (Fig. 12 d). Gonostylus arising laterally at the base of each gonocoxa, tubular, sclerotized only at basal 1/4 th, 0.86 mm long with a width of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.07 mm at the base, middle and terminal parts, respectively; sinuate at about mid-region, terminal half of each gonostylus expanded and medial and lateral surfaces lined with series of long and short setae, density increasing towards apex (Fig. 12 e).</p> <p>Females</p> <p>Coloration. Head, mesosoma black (Fig. 11 a); scape dark reddish-black except for the basal bulb lighter; pedicel, flagellar segments dark reddish-brown; ocelli transparent pale in colour; compound eyes dark reddishbrown to black (Fig. 11 c). Legs dark reddish-brown; tegulae black; wings blackish brown; pterostigma, veins dark brown. Mesoscutum with three very narrow, shiny longitudinal stripes arising from the anteromedial margin, extending up to the middle of mesoscutum. Metasomal tergum 1 pale with a narrow, light brown semi-circular band; remaining terga with various shades of brown with intersegmental lines dark brown thus appearing banded (Fig. 11 a, b); Some bees (30%) have terga black except the terminal segments light brown to ochraceous; sterna ochraceous.</p> <p>Pilosity. Clypeus, entire face clothed with dense, white plumose hairs (Fig. 11 c); vertex, upper occiput with grey erect hairs, the lower part of occiput with fine white hairs (Fig. 11 a). Mesoscutum surrounded by yellow scale-like hairs; mesoscutellar margin fringed with ochraceous hairs (Fig. 11 b); pronotal lobe, mesepisternum, metepisternum, anterolateral areas of propodeum clothed with plumose yellowish hairs (Fig. 11 a); anterior, posterior margins of the hind tibia with ochraceous mixed with dark brown setae. Metasomal terga and sterna with fine white hairs, the density increasing progressively towards terminal segments.</p> <p>Morphometry. Females measure a mean of 4.09 mm in length and 1.77 mm in head width; head length 1.26 mm; eye 2.95× longer than its width (0.38 mm); upper interocular distance 3.34× and 4.18× greater than interocellar (0.35 mm) and ocellocular distance (0.28 mm), respectively; median ocellar diameter 0.15 mm; malar space length 0.10 mm; scape 6.50× longer than its width (0.10 mm); forewing 4.24 mm long, 1.47 mm wide; wing diagonal length 1.23 mm; hind tibia 2.16× longer than hind basitarsus (0.68 mm).</p> <p>The ratio of head length to width 0.71; interocellar to ocellocular distance 1.25; scape length to eye length 0.58; forewing length to width 2.89; hind tibial length to head width 0.70; hind tibial length to forewing diagonal 1.18; hind basitarsus to hind tibial width 0.75 (Table 3).</p> <p>Nest: A colony was found nesting in a tree. The entrance tube was soft, 5.3 cm long with a funnel-like opening of 2.00 cm diameter. The entrance tube was protruding from the nest, dark brown at the base and lighter towards the anterior portion (Fig. 6 e).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: Male: Mizoram: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.7741&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.2808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.7741/lat 23.2808)">Thenzawl</a> (23.2808° N, 92.7741° E, Altitude 783 m a.s.l.), 12. x. 2020, leg. Rojeet T. deposited at UASB. Paratypes: 10 males, 28 females with the same collection data deposited at UASB; one female paratype will be deposited at ZSIK.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name is derived based on the Sanskrit word “Amrutha” meaning “nectar of immortality”. The name refers to the high medicinal value of the honey produced by stingless bees.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC8780FFBD9843FF50FD99FB35C5C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, Shashidhar;Thangjam, Rojeet	Viraktamath, Shashidhar, Thangjam, Rojeet (2022): Description of four new species of Lepidotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) from north-east India. Zootaxa 5175 (1): 1-30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.1
03CC8780FFBA9855FF50F8F0FF5EC7BE.text	03CC8780FFBA9855FF50F8F0FF5EC7BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidotrigona sikkimensis Viraktamath & Thangjam 2022	<div><p>Lepidotrigona sikkimensis Viraktamath sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 4d, 5d, 13, 14, 15)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Lepidotrigona sikkimensis belongs to the ventralis species group, with males and females measuring a mean of 4.71 and 4.16 mm in body length and 4.63 and 4.49 mm in forewing length, respectively (Table 1). Male bees are distinct with mesoscutum without a border of scale-like plumose hairs (Fig. 13 b); anterior and posterior margins of hind tibia fringed with white hairs; reddish-brown first metasomal tergum with broad dark brown semicircular band (Fig. 13 b); apical margin of sternum 4 gently convex medially (Fig. 15 a); long (0.29 mm) apicosubmedian lobes on sternum 5 widely separated by 0.31 mm (Fig. 15 b); long (0.35 mm) triangular apicomedian lobe on sternum 6 with acutely pointed apex; apodemal lobes moderately separated (Fig. 15 c); very long penis valve (0.89 mm) and gonostylus (0.90 mm) (Table 2).</p> <p>Female bees are of moderate size (4.16 mm body length) with mesoscutum bordered with yellow scale-like hairs; wings blackish brown; first metasomal segment with a distinct dark brown semi-circular band; malar space length is short (0.10 mm).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Males</p> <p>Coloration. Head, mesosoma, metasoma black (Fig. 13 a); labrum reddish-brown; scape black, pedicel, flagellar segments dark reddish-brown approaching to black; ocelli transparent pale to white; compound eyes black, but in some yellowish to reddish-brown (Fig.13 c); Legs dark reddish-brown except for tibiae, tarsi light brown. Tegulae dark reddishbrown; wings with brownish tinge; pterostigma, veins light brown. Mesoscutum with three very narrow, shiny longitudinal stripes arising from the anteromedial margin, extending up to the middle of mesoscutum. Metasomal tergum 1 pale with the reddish-brown broad semi-circular band (Fig. 13 b); remaining terga with various shades of reddish-brown; the last tergum lighter; in some males, all terga black and semi-circular band on first tergum indistinct; sterna light brown with dark brown bands (Fig. 13 a).</p> <p>Pilosity. Clypeus, face with white fine plumose hairs (Fig.13 c); vertex, occiput with long white erect hairs; lower part of occiput with a patch of very fine white hairs; post-gena with long white hairs (Fig. 13 a). Mesoscutum without scale-like hairs but integument clothed with short pale hairs; mesoscutellum fringed with pale long hairs (Fig. 13 b). Anterior, the posterior and upper surface of the hind tibia with white hairs. Pronotal lobe, mesepisternum and metepisternum clothed with yellowish long plumose hairs with higher density at the lower side; anterolateral parts of propodeum with short, yellowish plumose hairs (Fig. 13 a). Metasomal terga with fine short hairs being denser and longer on terminal terga; sterna with dense white fine hairs.</p> <p>Morphometry. Males measure a mean of 4.71 mm in body length with head width 1.77 mm and head length 1.23 mm (Table 1); eye 1.14 mm long, 0.48 mm wide; upper interocular distance 1.05 mm while interocellar and ocellocular distance 0.39 and 0.20 mm, respectively; scape 3.40× longer than its width (0.15 mm); mandible 2.26× longer than its width (0.19 mm); forewing 4.63 mm long, 1.49 mm wide while wing diagonal length 1.27 mm; hind tibia and hind basitarsus 1.41 and 0.55 mm long, respectively.</p> <p>The ratio of head length and width 0.69; eye length to upper interocular distance 1.09; interocellar to ocellocular distance 1.95; forewing length to width 3.11; hind tibial length to forewing diagonal length 1.11; hind basitarsus width to hind tibial width 0.66 (Table 3).</p> <p>Metasomal sterna and genitalia. The following description is based on dissection of four males. Gradulus of sternum 4 touches the antecosta briefly; apical margin gently convex medially, sinuate on each lateral side (Fig. 15 a). In sternum 5, the gradulus in touch with antecosta extensively; apicosubmedian lobes narrow, pointed, 0.29 mm long terminating into 2 to 4 short spines; both lobes separated widely by 0.31 mm distance with a broad inverted U-shaped concavity; each apicolateral lobe longer than wide (0.15 mm long, 0.10 mm wide), with broad rounded apex (Fig. 15 b). In sternum 6, the antecosta gently convex medially, apicomedian lobe 0.35 mm long with acutely pointed apex; the apodemal lobes moderately separated from each other (Fig. 15 c).</p> <p>Genitalia asymmetrical except gonostyli, well sclerotized (Fig. 15 d). Left gonocoxa larger (0.21 mm long, 0.50 mm wide) than the right gonocoxa (0.24 mm long, 0.39 mm wide) (Table 2); penis valve 0.89 mm long with a basal width of 0.35 mm; terminal half of each penis valve very slender, curved differently, often on one side thus overlapping on each other with pointed apex. Gonostyli symmetrical, tubular, 0.90 mm long with a width of 0.04, 0.06 and 0.07 mm at the base, middle and terminal expanded part, respectively (Fig. 15 d); gently sinuate at the mid-length; the medial and lateral surface of the expanded part lined with series of very long and short setae with density increasing towards apex (Fig. 15 e).</p> <p>*Mean ± Standard Deviation, ** Based on the morphometry data provided by Rasmussen (2013)</p> <p>Females</p> <p>Coloration. Head black; labrum dark reddish-brown to black; scape dark reddish-brown to black except for basal bulb ochraceous; flagellar segments dark reddish-brown; ocelli pale; compound eyes light brown to dark brown (Fig. 14 a-c). Mesosoma, tegula black; wings blackish brown; pterostigma, veins brown. Mesoscutum with three very narrow, shiny longitudinal stripes arising from the anteromedial margin, extending up to the middle of mesoscutum. Metasomal first tergum pale with the distinct dark brown semi-circular band; remaining terga black (Fig. 14 b); in some, metasomal terga light brown except the terminal terga yellowish brown to dark brown; sterna ochraceous.</p> <p>Pilosity. Clypeus, entire face with fine plumose hairs (Fig. 14 c); vertex, occiput with long greyish erect hairs; gena, post gena, the lower part of occiput with patches of fine white hairs (Fig. 14 a). Mesoscutum bordered by yellow scale-like hairs; mesoscutellar margin fringed with long yellow hairs (Fig. 14 b); pronotal lobe, mesepisternum, metepisternum, anterolateral areas of propodeum with dense plumose yellowish hairs (Fig. 14 a). Anterior margin of the hind tibia with yellow setae, posterior margin with yellow intermixed with dark brown setae, upper surface covered with sparse yellow setae. Metasomal terga with fine yellowish hairs with higher density towards terminal segments; terminal terga fringed with long yellowish hairs; sterna with dense yellow hairs with density progressively increasing towards terminal sterna.</p> <p>Morphometry. Females measure a mean body length of 4.16 mm while the head length and width 1.29 and 1.83 mm, respectively (Table 1); eye 1.11 mm long, 0.39 mm wide; upper interocular distance 1.19 mm while interocellar and ocellocular distance 0.35 and 0.30 mm, respectively; median ocellus 1.50× greater than malar space length (0.10 mm); scape 0.65 mm long 0.10 mm wide; mandible 2.52× longer than its width (0.27 mm) while the forewing 2.90× longer than its width (1.55 mm); wing diagonal length 1.23 mm; hind tibia 1.47 mm long, 0.56 mm wide while the hind basitarsus 0.64 mm long, 0.36 mm wide.</p> <p>The ratio of head length to width 0.71; scape length to eye length 0.59; forewing length to width 2.88; hind tibial length to head width 0.82; hind tibial length to forewing diagonal length 1.20; hind basitarsus width to hind tibial width 0.63 (Table 3).</p> <p>Materials examined. Holotype: Male: Sikkim: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.3726&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1907" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.3726/lat 27.1907)">Mamley</a> (27.1907° N, 88.3726° E), 09. xii. 2017, leg. S. Viraktamath, deposited at UASB. Paratypes: Eight males, 70 females with the same collection data deposited at UASB; one female paratype will be deposited at ZSIK.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name is derived based on the name of the state “ Sikkim ” where this species was collected.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC8780FFBA9855FF50F8F0FF5EC7BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, Shashidhar;Thangjam, Rojeet	Viraktamath, Shashidhar, Thangjam, Rojeet (2022): Description of four new species of Lepidotrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) from north-east India. Zootaxa 5175 (1): 1-30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.1
