identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03832D7710269301FF57E7ADFD405855.text	03832D7710269301FF57E7ADFD405855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calodipoena tarautensis Baert 1988	<div><p>CALODIPOENA TARAUTENSIS BAERT 1988</p> <p>(FIG. 130A)</p> <p>Calodipoena tarautensis Baert, 1988: 17, fig. 21</p> <p>[female holotype and female paratype from Sulawesi (Indonesia), Sulawesi Utara, Dumoga Bone National Park, Toraut, Grassland, 200 m, 27.x.1985, R. Bosman &amp; J. Van Stalle, in IRSN (no. IG 26977), male unknown, female paratype examined].</p> <p>Familial placement: Mysmenidae. As expected, this species grouped within one of the largest clades within Mysmeninae, which includes Calodipoena mootae, Mysmena leichhardti, Anjouanella, Microdipoena s.s., Mysmenella, and three undescribed species [Mysmena - MYSM-015-MAD, MYSM-(029 034)-MAD]. Calodipoena tarautensis is known only from females, and shares with mysmenines several features, such as femoral spots on legs I and II, wide posterior tracheal spiracle, anterior tracheae, absence of epigynal plate, long scape, highly membranous and complex pattern of ducts in the vulva, absence of palpal claw but palp with all segments, and absence of pore-bearing depressions.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710269301FF57E7ADFD405855	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7710279304FF26E7C2FE4F58F9.text	03832D7710279304FF26E7C2FE4F58F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crassignatha Wunderlich 1995	<div><p>GENUS CRASSIGNATHA WUNDERLICH 1995</p> <p>Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995: 546.</p> <p>Type species by original designation and monotypy: Crassignatha haeneli Wunderlich 1995: 547 (type and only specimen not examined, scored from literature).</p> <p>Miller et al. 2009: 68 (transfer from Mysmenidae to Symphytognathidae).</p> <p>Familial placement: Symphytognathidae. The placement of this genus within Symphytognathidae was recently proposed by Miller et al. (2009) based exclusively on morphological comparative observations (as here, the type species was also not examined). This placement is corroborated by the results of our phylogenetic analysis. Crassignatha nested within Symphytognathidae as sister to a distal clade comprising three undetermined symphytognathid species (SYMP-002- MAD, SYMP-006- AUST, and SYMP-007- AUST). The type species of Crassignatha, Crassignatha haeneli, is known only from a male specimen (holotype), has none of the synapomorphic features of Mysmenidae, and consequently its placement in a different family is hardly surprising. It differs from Mysmenidae in the absence of femoral spots, absence of tibial or metatarsal clasping spines on leg I, prolateral (instead of ventral) cymbium, absence of cymbial structures (e.g. primary conductor, process, and paracymbium), absence of pars pendula, and presence of median apophysis. In addition, Crassignatha shares with Symphytognathidae the loss of the anterior median eyes, promarginal cheliceral teeth originating from a common base or raised plate, and loss of the colulus. It also shares with several symphytognathids in this data set a clasping spine located ventrally on tibia II and the absence of palpal patellar or tibial apophyses.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710279304FF26E7C2FE4F58F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7710229306FF5FE66EFB275940.text	03832D7710229306FF5FE66EFB275940.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iardinis Simon 1899	<div><p>GENUS IARDINIS SIMON 1899</p> <p>(FIGS 135A, B, 144C)</p> <p>Iardinis Simon, 1899: 87.</p> <p>Type species by original designation: Iardinis weyersi Simon 1899: 87 (nomen dubium, female type and only specimen lost);</p> <p>Levi &amp; Levi, 1962: 22 (considered incertae sedis); Forster &amp; Platnick, 1977: 5 (considered nomen dubium); Brignoli, 1970: 1426; 1978: 250; 1980: 731 (provisional transfer to Mysmenidae).</p> <p>Iardinus, Gertsch, 1960a: 8 (lapsus calami, transferred from Theridiidae to Symphytognathidae s.l.).</p> <p>Familial placement: Symphytognathidae. The type and only specimen of the type species (Iardinus weyersi) from Sumatra was described by Simon in 1899, but has been considered lost by the arachnologists that have tried to examine the type material (Gertsch, 1960a; Levi &amp; Levi, 1962; Brignoli, 1970, 1978, 1980; Forster &amp; Platnick, 1977). The vial from the Paris Museum (MNHN) with the original label that should have housed the type material is actually empty (L. Lopardo &amp; G. Hormiga, pers. observ.). Nevertheless, two additional species have been described for the genus: Iardinus martensi Brignoli, 1978 from Nepal, and Iardinus mussardi Brignoli 1980 from India (holotype examined, see also Figs 135A, B, 144C). Both species are exclusively known from their male type specimens. To add to the enigmatic status of the genus, the original vial containing the type and only specimen of I. martensi instead contained a female anapid (L. Lopardo &amp; G. Hormiga, pers. observ.), and therefore its morphology had to be scored from the literature.</p> <p>Nonetheless, both Iardinis species included in the 65- and 70-taxa data sets (i.e. I. martensi and I. mussardi) are more closely related to Symphytognathidae than to Mysmenidae. Morphologically these species have none of the synapomorphic features of Mysmenidae, and thus, as with Crassignatha, their placement in a different family was expected. They differ from Mysmenidae in the absence of femoral spots (at least in I. mussardi), absence of tibial or metatarsal clasping spines on leg I, dorsal (instead of ventral) cymbium, absence of cymbial structures (e.g. primary conductor, process, and paracymbium), and presence of median apophysis. They further share with Symphytognathidae the loss of anterior median eyes, thick setae on the dorsal part of the abdomen, absence of cheliceral denticles, loss of colulus, and absence of palpal patellar or tibial apophyses.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710229306FF5FE66EFB275940	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77102E930AFF38E719FC025940.text	03832D77102E930AFF38E719FC025940.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phricotelus Simon 1895	<div><p>GENUS PHRICOTELUS SIMON, 1895</p> <p>(FIGS 135C, 144B)</p> <p>Phricotelus Simon, 1895a: 919.</p> <p>Type species by original designation and monotypy: Phricotelus stelliger Simon, 1895a: 919 (type specimen examined);</p> <p>Levi, 1972: 534 (transferred from Theridiosomatidae to Symphytognathidae); Brignoli, 1980: 731, 1981: 14 (provisional transfer to Mysmenidae).</p> <p>Familial placement: Araneoidea incertae sedis. Alternative equally parsimonious placements of Phricotelus imply various relationships to Synaphridae, Anapidae, or Symphytognathidae; therefore, its placement becomes unresolved in the strict consensus cladogram. In the resulting three MPTs, Phricotelus is placed as the most basal species of Anapidae, Anapidae + Symphytognathidae, or Synaphridae. Although much of the morphology for P. stelliger needs to be properly scored, the type species of this genus, only known by females, was not placed within or closely related to Mysmenidae. Furthermore, its placement within symphytognathoids also remains uncertain. Morphologically, Phricotelus has none of the synapomorphic features that diagnose Mysmenidae, and thus its placement in a different family was expected. Although females have long scape, no epigynal plate (Fig. 135C), no pore-bearing depression on lateral edges of the carapace, and a narrow posterior respiratory spiracle located in front of the spinnerets, the species differs from Mysmenidae in the absence of femoral spots, two pairs of spermathecae, and abdomen extremely projected posteriorly (see Figs 135C, 144B; further morphological details not observed).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77102E930AFF38E719FC025940	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77102D930FFEE4E4B1FC1B5940.text	03832D77102D930FFEE4E4B1FC1B5940.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leviola Miller 1970	<div><p>GENUS LEVIOLA MILLER, 1970</p> <p>Leviola Miller, 1970: 155.</p> <p>Type species by original designation and monotypy: Leviola termitophila Miller 1970 (female type and only specimen not examined, presumably lost or in Museu do Dundo, Angola; scored from literature).</p> <p>Levi, 1972: 534 (transfer from Theridiidae to Symphytognathidae); Brignoli, 1980: 731 (provisional transfer from Symphytognathidae to Mysmenidae).</p> <p>Familial placement: Zodariidae. The placement of this enigmatic genus, known only from females, has been controversial, and the rationale for its various family placements tenuous at best. Based on the original description (Miller, 1970), the morphology of L. termitophila is highly different from that of symphytognathoids (or even araneoids), including features such as: presence of a palpal claw, which is flat and comb-like; large anterior median eyes; lateral eyes not juxtaposed, tarsal and metatarsal trichobothrium in all legs, etc. (see Griswold et al., 1998). Furthermore, its peculiar morphology resembles that of a few zodariid genera, such as the African genera Akyttara or Diores. Leviola shares with the latter zodariid genera (and with the family Zodariidae in general) robust chelicerae, large anterior median eyes, female palpal claw with roughly ten teeth on the prolateral side, comb-like teeth arising from the side on the lateral tarsal claws, minute median claw, trichobothrium on all tarsi and metatarsi, colulus imperceptible, strongly serrated setae on tarsi, metatarsi and tibiae on all legs, and dorsal abdominal scutum (e.g. Jocqué, 1987, 1991; Dippenaar-Schoeman &amp; Jocqué, 1997). Details of the general morphology of the spinnerets and female genitalia are lacking. The species has been collected in termite nests in Angola, an association previously reported in some zodariines as well (see Jocqué, 1991; Dippenaar-Schoeman &amp; Jocqué, 1997, and references therein), which lends further support to our conjecture that Leviola is in fact a member of the family Zodariidae.</p> <p>Given the high proportion of missing data for Leviola (84%) and the limited (and symphytognathoid-biased) taxon sample in this data set, the position of Leviola cannot be rigorously tested in a quantitative cladistic context. Furthermore, its placement within symphytognathoids should be interpreted as an artefact caused by the aforementioned factors. A re-analysis of the complete data set excluding Leviola (i.e. 69 taxa and 357 characters, results not shown) rendered an identical pattern of relationships as explained above.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77102D930FFEE4E4B1FC1B5940	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7710C593DAFC43E7BAFC10582C.text	03832D7710C593DAFC43E7BAFC10582C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenidae COMPARATIVE	<div><p>MYSMENIDAE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY</p> <p>Male palp (refer to characters 151–261)</p> <p>The diversity and sclerite homologies of mysmenid male palps are only superficially understood. Mysmenidae have been recognized and even diagnosed by the generalized shape of the cymbium, described as ‘apically twisted and with lobes’ (Platnick &amp; Shadab, 1978; Brignoli, 1980; Coddington, 1990; Wunderlich, 1995; Griswold et al., 1998; Schütt, 2003). Despite the fact that several relatively modern descriptions of mysmenids have included detailed illustrations of genitalic morphology (e.g. Kraus, 1967; Thaler, 1975, 1995; Saaristo, 1978; Baert &amp; Maelfait, 1983; Baert, 1984a, 1990; Lin &amp; Li, 2008; Miller et al., 2009), most mysmenid species remain poorly described. The details of the palp morphology are also insufficiently studied, especially in terms of explicit hypotheses of homology. For example, it has been suggested that a tegular conductor, median apophysis, and paracymbium are absent (Coddington, 1990; Griswold et al., 1998; Miller et al., 2009); however, a paracymbium had previously been identified in Mysmenidae (Kraus, 1967). The mysmenid male palp appears highly complex and morphologically variable, and in most species it is greatly translucent, so that the cymbium, conductor, and other sclerites are difficult to distinguish and to delineate precisely under light microscopy. In summary, mysmenid male palps have distinct cymbial structures, including a paracymbium, and can also have a tegular conductor. A median apophysis or any other tegular sclerites are lacking, however. As in the details of the different respiratory organs in Mysmenidae, the diversity of palpal structures is great within the family, although each particular arrangement seems characteristic at the genus or sometimes subfamily level (this is simply a consequence of how taxonomists have circumscribed higher taxa in Mysmenidae). In the sections below, we address the large diversity of mysmenid palpal morphology.</p> <p>Palpal femur, patella and tibia</p> <p>Mysmenids lack any modifications on the palpal femur and patella. Conversely, and across symphytognathoids, varying shapes of the male palpal tibia can be found. A distally broad tibia (i.e. wider distally, usually more than two times its basal width) may be symplesiomorphic for symphytognathoids, as it also occurs in Theridiidae. Distally broad tibiae occur in Theridiosomatidae, Synaphridae, and most Mysmenidae (Figs 4A, 17D, 28A, 30E, 32E, 38A, 42A, 47B, 63C). Within symphytognathoids, a flat tibia (i.e. flattened from the base, and usually with irregular, not circular, distal section outline) is synapomorphic for the clade comprising Symphytognathidae plus Anapidae (Figs 91F, 95C, D, 102C). Within Mysmenidae, broad male palpal tibiae are widespread, occurring in Trogloneta, Isela, and all Mysmeninae. Moreover, a cylindrical tibia (distal width similar to or less than two times proximal width) is synapomorphic for Maymena, and convergently present in Comaroma and Tasmanapis (Figs 10A, 81D, 98B,C). A globose tibia is a synapomorphy of Mysmenopsis (Figs 55A, C, 58A, 60A).</p> <p>Most mysmenid palpal tibiae are small, shorter than cymbium, as in other symphytognathoids (Figs 10A, 27B, 30D, 47A, B, 63B, C, 71D, 106C, 110E). A large tibia is synapomorphic for Mysmenopsinae (Figs 1A, 4A, 55A, C). In addition, no distinct tibial processes occur in Mysmenidae, except for a prolateral extension in Mysmeniola (Fig. 134D; see also Thaler, 1995: figs 5, 7) and an apical ventral (sometimes ventroretrolateral) excavation usually bearing spurs in Mysmenopsis (Figs 53A, 58A, 60A). Mysmenopsines have modified setae distally on the tibiae, such as spurs in Mysmenopsis (as mentioned above, Figs 53E, 55H, 58E, 60B), or spine-like, strong setae in Isela (Figs 1A, B, 4A, E). Mysmenid tibial rim setae are longer than remaining tibial setae, and are arranged distally in one or two rows (Figs 4E, 10D, 18A, 32E, 36D, 42B, 45C, 53B, 55C), except in Trogloneta and a few other mysmenids where the setae are equally short and dispersed in an irregular conformation (Figs 63C, 66A).</p> <p>Cymbium: general morphology</p> <p>(see Fig. 126 for reference)</p> <p>The size of the cymbium and bulb (relative to the size of the carapace, in lateral view) varies across mysmenid taxa. Although small male palps are common in adult spiders, medium-sized palps are widespread within symphytognathoids, including mysmenids (i.e. the cymbium-bulb complex is about half the size of the carapace; Figs 27F, 66A, 141K). The cymbium bulb becomes secondarily small (about one-fifth the size of the carapace) in Maymena mayana and mysmenopsines, however (Figs 2B, 140E, 141D). A very large cymbium-bulb complex (i.e. as large as the prosoma) has evolved independently in some distal clades within Microdipoena and Mysmena, including Mysmena leucoplagiata (Figs 19B, 142A), in Theridiosomatidae, and the synaphrid genus Cepheia. Superficially, there appears to be a tendency towards an increase in palpal size, which suggests a correlation with the reduction of body size in symphytognathoids; however, most symphytognathoids are equally minute in body size, regardless of their familial placement or size of the palp. For example, most Microdipoena species (and also theridiosomatids) with huge palps are as small as any other mysmenine or even larger than members of Symphytognathidae, which possess medium-sized palps. Taphiassa, a small micropholcommatine anapid, also has small palps.</p> <p>The cymbium in most mysmenids is uniquely oriented ventrally or prolatero-ventrally in the palp (Figs 38A,B, 42B, 66A). The cymbium evolved independently to a prolateral position in Mysmenopsis, Mysmeniola, and the mysmenine MYSM-023-MAD (Fig. 50B), or to a retrolateral–dorsal position in some Maymena species (Fig. 15B).</p> <p>In some symphytognathoids the cymbium is sometimes modified relative to the typical cymbium of most araneoids, which is scoop-shaped and round to oval in dorsal view (e.g. Griswold et al., 1998: figs 16A, 18F). This is especially so in mysmenids. Without taking into account any other cymbial structures (such as cymbial conductors, apophyses, paracymbia, expansions, etc.; see comments below), an oval cymbium is plesiomorphic in Mysmenidae (Figs 10A, 14A), and it has independently evolved in MYSM-005-ARG (Mysmena; Fig. 28B). A cymbium as long as wide occurs in mysmenopsines and independently in a clade comprising most mysmenines (Figs 1A, 4C, 22F, 30D, 41B, 55B), whereas a distinctly flat and tapering cymbium is unique to Trogloneta (Fig. 63C; convergent in some symphytognathids).</p> <p>The cymbium of mysmenids is greatly modified when compared with other symphytognathoids. There seems to be a pattern of shared modifications, such as grooves, processes, and modified setae, which can be recognized in the cymbium (Fig. 126). Not all mysmenids have all the cymbial structures that we describe. Furthermore, different combinations of these features usually vary among (and are distinctive of) each genus. A summary of these cymbial features is presented below (refer to Fig. 126).</p> <p>Primary and secondary cymbial conductors (CyC1 and CyC2): Up to two apical grooves, which seemingly interact with the distal portion of the embolus, can occur in mysmenid cymbia. Both structures are here considered cymbial conductors.</p> <p>The ‘primary cymbial conductor’ (CyC1) is located internally (i.e. closer to the bulb; Figs 4G, 10C, G, 14A, B, D, 22C, 27A, 30F, 43C, 47C, 63B, C), and it can bear the cymbial fold (CyF, see below). This internal conductor is a synapomorphy of Mysmenidae, although it is secondarily absent in Mysmenopsis (Figs 53D, 60D). Usually, the CyC1 is pointed apically, which is the plesiomorphic condition in Mysmenidae (Figs 4G, 30F, 40B, 43C, 47C); however, the CyC1 evolved independently into different shapes. A ‘half-circle’ shaped conductor is characteristic of Trogloneta (Fig. 63B, C, F). A CyC1 consisting of prolateral, retrolateral, and apical projections occurs in the clade comprising Microdipoena and Mysmeniola, independently occurring in Mysmena (= Calomyspoena) santacruzi (Fig. 27A). A spiral cymbial conductor occurs in Microdipoena s.s. (Fig. 22C). In Maymena, the characteristic CyC1 comprises a particular apical cymbium that is bent over the ventral side (Fig. 10D, G).</p> <p>The ‘secondary cymbial conductor’ (CyC2) is external, located on the edge or dorsally on the cymbium (e.g. Figs 30F, 31C, 43C). This external conductor is plesiomorphically absent in Trogloneta, Maymena mayana, and in most Mysmenopsis species (Fig. 63C). Within Mysmenidae, the CyC2 has evolved convergently in Maymena (excluding M. mayana), Isela, Mysmenopsis penai, and Mysmeninae (Figs 4G, 10G, 31C, 40A, 41D, 43C, 60D). The CyC2 has been secondarily lost in the clade comprising Microdipoena and MYSM-019-MAD (Fig. 22F).</p> <p>Cymbial fold (CyF): The external cuticle of the cymbium is usually hirsute, the internal one is glabrous. Although the external cuticle can also cover the internal side of the cymbium, both cuticles are delimited by a well-defined border (e.g. Figs 86G, 102D). In some mysmenids the delimitation or border between external and internal cuticles (or cymbial areas) is rather clear, often corresponding to the outline of the cymbium; however, the internal cuticle on the tip of the cymbium bears setae (and can also bear the tarsal organ), and it frequently appears flattened against the outer cuticle. The internal cuticle can also be modified into a primary cymbial conductor. This suggests that the inner cymbium, at least apically, might be composed of part of the external cuticle. This condition is here referred to as a ‘fold’, and it is different from a twisted tip of the cymbium, where the same external cuticle is bent inwards, i.e. ventrally (compare with Figs 10G, 14B). The ‘cymbial fold’ is a synapomorphy of Mysmenidae (Figs 4G, 18E), secondarily and independently lost in Maymena mayana, Mysmenopsis, and Microdipoena (= Mysmenella) illectrix (Fig. 60D).</p> <p>On the cymbial fold cuticle, a distinct row of setae can be present, usually associated with the primary cymbial conductor (CyFs). Fold setae arise independently in Isela, the clade comprising Brasilionata and Microdipoena, and in a large clade within Mysmena (Figs 4G, 43E). The row setae can be similar to the surrounding setae at the tip of the cymbium (Figs 40D, 43E), or can be distinctly minute (Figs 4G, 17A, 18E, 22C, 132A, D, 134A).</p> <p>Cymbial tarsal organ (to): In most spiders, and basally in Mysmenidae, the tarsal organ is located externally on the cymbium (e.g. Figs 10I, J, 44D, 58C). An internal tarsal organ, located within the cymbial fold, optimizes as independently synapomorphic in Trogloneta, Isela, Mysmena- MYSM-015-MAD (Mysmena), and the mysmenine MYSM-020-MAD (Figs 4I, 40B, C, 63B, F).</p> <p>Cymbial groove (CyG): A diagonal groove of varying depth can occur dorsally on the cymbium of some mysmenids (Fig. 126). The cymbial groove can be either a shallow and wide irregular depression (Figs 36E, 51A, B) or a narrow and deep furrow (Figs 18E, 22F, 28B, 30B, C, 45A, 134D). Besides the depth and width of this groove, its position and length appear to be correlated: apical grooves are always shorter than medial or basal grooves (Figs 36E, 45A). The latter are longer, extending sometimes into the prolateral basal expansion of the cymbium (Figs 18E, 22F, 28B, 30A, C; see below).</p> <p>Cymbial process (CyP) (Kraus, 1967: ‘Kegeldorn des paracymbium’; Baert &amp; Maelfait, 1983: ‘cymbial thorn’): In most mysmenids there is a process, often pointed, on the dorsal surface of the cymbium. The process is located often apically, retrolateral to the cymbial tip (Figs 1A, E, 4C, 40F, 51A, 63C, 133G, 134G, H), or basally and prolaterally, at the end of the cymbial groove (Figs 45A, 132D, E), or it can be located apically, but prolateral to the cymbial tip (Fig. 43C, D).</p> <p>Paracymbium (PC): As in most araneoids (except Theridiidae), a retrolateral paracymbium is present in all symphytognathoid families, except for Anapidae (Figs 71F, 92A). Although the loss of the paracymbium is synapomorphic for Anapidae, it has secondarily evolved in Comaroma (Fig. 81B). Almost all mysmenids have a paracymbium; within this data set, it is secondarily absent in Maymena rica and Isela (Fig. 4D, E). Although in recent studies the paracymbium was considered to be absent in mysmenids (Coddington, 1990; Griswold et al., 1998; Miller et al., 2009), it had been previously reported as present by some authors (e.g. Kraus, 1967).</p> <p>Our phylogenetic hypothesis suggests that the mysmenid paracymbium evolved from a basal hookshaped paracymbium into a characteristic shape and position (e.g. as in Mysmena tasmaniae, Fig. 51B). In mysmenids the paracymbium is flat and rounded, with a uniform transition to the cymbium, and it is located medially, not basally (i.e. as a medial flat extension of cymbial edge; Figs 18B, 22G, 27B, 30E, 32A, 36A, 45B, 63A). A flat, rounded paracymbium evolved independently as synapomorphic for Mysmenidae, but also in Iardinis mussardi and in Synaphris. The paracymbium becomes secondarily basal in Trogloneta (Fig. 63A), and secondarily hook-shaped in Mysmenopsis, where it is a thick (i.e. not flat), short distinct process, usually as long as wide (Figs 53D, 60D). Furthermore, in Mysmenopsis, the paracymbium is bent inwards and is seemingly interacting with a tegular groove located dorsally on the bulb (Figs 53F, 55F, 58D, 60D). The interaction is here considered tentative. The dorsal tegular groove does not appear to have a ‘conductor’ function related to the embolus, and the paracymbium– bulb interaction as a locking mechanism is not evident, as in the case of theridiids (Levi, 1961; Saaristo, 1978; Agnarsson, 2004; and references therein).</p> <p>Prolateral basal expansion: This prolonged cuticle on the prolateral basal edge of the cymbium was originally observed in Theridiosomatidae, and has been termed the ‘prolateral basal paracymbium’ by Schütt (2003). The term ‘paracymbium’, however, has been proposed and long used for the classical araneoid retrolateral process on the cymbium (e.g. Comstock, 1910; Coddington, 1986b, 1990; Griswold et al., 1998; and references therein). Here, this prolateral structure is simply referred to as ‘prolateral basal expansion’. Furthermore, both the paracymbium and the prolateral basal expansion can co-occur in the palp of some species. Such conjunction refutes the homology statement among the two structures. The prolonged cuticle of the basal expansion surrounds the bulb ventrally in varying degrees and occurs in theridiosomatids and most mysmenids (Figs 4B, 27A, 30B, C, 36C, 47B, 66D), but is absent in Maymena and most mysmenopsines (Figs 10B, C, 55A).</p> <p>Mysmenid bulb: general morphology</p> <p>The median apophysis is absent in all mysmenids. In Trogloneta and independently in the clade comprising Brasilionata, Mysmeniola, and Microdipoena, a tegular groove housing the embolus can occur (Figs 27A, 63E, 66C; see below).</p> <p>Embolus: The general shape of the embolus varies greatly within Mysmenidae, and no general pattern can be proposed. The embolus of mysmenids can be thin (or filiform) and coiled (Figs 47B, 134G), or thick (and flattened) and either coiled (Figs 4H, 27A, 36B, 131H, 132B, D, E), or straight (Figs 10E, 28D, 60F, 63B, E, 131A). Thick and straight emboli occur in Trogloneta, Maymena, and Mysmenopsis, whereas thick and coiled emboli occur in Microdipoena, Isela, and some Mysmena species. An apical switch in the coiling direction of the embolus is characteristic of the clade comprising Brasilionata and Microdipoena [secondarily absent in Microdipoena (= Anjouanella) comorensis] (Figs 18C, F, 27C, 132A–F). In addition, the embolus surface can be smooth (Figs 10H, 18F, 27C, 60F) or ridged (Figs 28C, 32G).</p> <p>As in most symphytognathoids, the embolus of mysmenids is often long (i.e. much longer than the bulb, Figs 4A, 10E, 27A, 63E, 132E), usually tapering apically without further modifications (Figs 1D, 36B, 60F, 63B). Short emboli occur in Mysmenopsis (Figs 60F, 131A–C) and in Trogloneta granulum. In some Maymena, Trogloneta, and a few other mysmenids, distal modifications of the embolus can occur, such as a distal apophysis (Figs 10H, 18F) or a distal irregular membrane (Fig. 27A, C).</p> <p>The embolic base can be simple, or it can be lobed and bearing an apophysis, as in Mysmenopsis and Trogloneta (Figs 55G, 60F, 63E, 66E, 131A). In Mysmeninae, the basal or medial embolic trajectory has a pars pendula (Comstock, 1910), a membrane that houses the spermatic duct before entering to the embolus (Figs 32H, 36B, 132C, E, F, 133C). Therefore, the spermatic duct enters the embolus not at its origin but further distally, meaning also that the embolus is actually longer than the embolic portion of the ejaculatory duct. Although found in other spider families (e.g. in some theridiids, linyphiids, cyatholipids, and agelenids), the pars pendula is an ambiguously optimized synapomorphy for Mysmeninae (ambiguously optimizes at its node because of missing information on the basal clade of this group), and it is secondarily absent in MYSM-005-ARG (Mysmena).</p> <p>Tegular conductor: As in most symphytognathoids, most mysmenids have a conductor. Mysmenid conductor is distinctly voluminous and membranous, and originates subterminally from the tegulum, close to the embolic base (Figs 17A, 18D, 27A, B, 30E, 36C, 41D, 63B, D). This structure has been named ‘bulbal shield’ (e.g. Baert, 1984a; Schütt, 2003), and other than the embolus, it appears to be the only tegular sclerite. In mysmenids, the conductor often embraces and even covers the embolic base (Figs 41C, 43A, B). In some species there is a groove on the conductor surface housing the basal portion of the exposed embolus (Figs 36B, C, 47E); however, a groove housing the distal portion of embolus is absent in the tegular conductor of mysmenids, and the tip of the embolus is instead housed by one of the two conductors on the cymbium (see above). Within symphytognathoids, the occurrence of a tegular conductor is symplesiomorphic and widespread, with few independent losses of this sclerite occurring in anapids, symphytognathids, and mysmenids. Within Mysmenidae, the conductor is lost two times: in the clade that includes Maymena and Mysmenopsinae, and in Mysmena MYSM-005-ARG (Figs 4A, 10E, 28D).</p> <p>Spermatic duct trajectory (SDT; refer to Fig. 127 and characters 220–228): As with most of the aforementioned palpal features, there does not seem to be a consistent pattern in the trajectory of the spermatic duct across the family, although there is some regularity within clades. The spermatic duct usually travels clockwise from the fundus (in left palp). If a switchback (SB) occurs, it alters this direction to travel counterclockwise. Usually, a counter-switch also occurs to return the duct trajectory to its original clockwise direction. Therefore, when SBs are present, they usually occur in pairs of switchbacks. The trajectory of the spermatic duct in Trogloneta differs from all other mysmenids in that the pair of switchbacks that occur before the spermatic duct completes one loop from the fundus (i.e. SB I and II, see Fig. 127) are absent, therefore the trajectory is completely spiralling or has one complete loop before the ‘second’ pair of switchbacks (SB III and IV) occurs (Fig. 131E, F). Although the general arrangement of the spermatic duct in all other mysmenid species examined in this study (except Trogloneta) is not necessarily similar among clades, all have the first pair of switchbacks on their trajectories (SB I and II; Figs 131I, 132B, D).</p> <p>The position of switchback I (SB I) varies within Mysmenidae also. A distal SB I (apart from basal fundus, on the opposite area of the bulb) occurs in most mysmenines, most Maymena, and in Isela okuncana (Figs 131H, I, 132B, E, 133A, B, 134B, C). A basal SB I that does not reach the distal part of the bulb can occur in other mysmenines, however (Figs 133H, I, 134F– H); whereas in most mysmenopsines and Maymena mayana the SB I occurs close to the fundus, after the spermatic duct has reached the distal wall of the bulb (i.e. ‘beyond distal’; Fig. 131C, G, J).</p> <p>In most mysmenids, the portions of spermatic duct forming the SB I are divergent, and SB II occurs relatively close to SB I (Figs 131B, H, J, 133A, B, 134D–G). In Microdipoena and most Mysmena species, the portions of spermatic duct comprising SB I run close to each other, and the SB II occurs close to the midpoint between SB I and the fundus, or even closer to the fundus (Figs 131I, 132B–D, 133D, E, 134A–C).</p> <p>The plesiomorphic condition in Mysmenidae is to have two or more ascending loops in the last portion of the coiling reservoir before entering the embolus. This occurs basally within Mysmeninae (Figs 133D, E, 134E, H). Within the family, the number of loops decreases independently in distal clades (no loops or less than one entire loop, Figs 131B, E, H, I, 132F, 133A, B, 138C, G, 139E; or about one and one and a half loops, Figs 131D, 139C).</p> <p>A pair of switchbacks (SB III and IV) can occur either after SB II, or if SB I and II are absent, after a complete loop of the spermatic duct (e.g. as in Symphytognatha picta; Fig. 139C). In this data set, an absence of pairs of extra switches (i.e. SB III and IV) is plesiomorphic for both symphytognathoids and Mysmenidae (Figs 131D, E, J, 133A, B, D, E, H, I, 134E). Switchbacks III and IV evolve independently in Microdipoena, Mysmena MYSM-007- MEX, Isela okuncana, and Trogloneta cantareira (Figs 131F, H, 132B–E). Furthermore, a distinct trajectory of the spermatic duct where several pairs of switchbacks occur evolved convergently in the mysmenines MYSM-020- MAD and MYSM-023-MAD (Figs 134F–H).</p> <p>Epigynum (refer to characters 59–87)</p> <p>Mysmenids are entelegyne spiders. That is, they have fertilization ducts leading from the spermathecae to the uterus externus and copulatory ducts connecting external openings to the spermathecae (e.g. Wiehle, 1967; Uhl, 2002). No comparative study of mysmenid female genitalia has ever been performed. In most female mysmenids, particularly mysmenines, the ducts and sometimes even the spermathecae are extremely membranous, almost invisible under light microscopy. A few authors describing mysmenid species have published detailed illustrations and have attempted to identify the different components of female genitalia in as much detail as possible (e.g. Kraus, 1967; Loksa, 1973; Thaler, 1975; Baert, 1984a, b, 1986, 1988; Snazell, 1986; Baert &amp; Murphy, 1987). Given the membranous and almost undetectable nature of mysmenid female genitalia, the interpretation of these structures is often difficult. Furthermore, the great diversity of mysmenid female genitalic morphology (see below) makes diagnosis of the family a challenging task if only based on this system of characters. Our interpretations and homology statements of female genitalic structures are based on light and SEM microscopy data.</p> <p>External genitalia</p> <p>The epigynum, as a sclerotized modification of the cuticle, is absent in most of the members of the subfamily Mysmeninae. In addition, the copulatory openings are located within the epigastric furrow (i.e. the epigynal area containing the copulatory openings is hidden within it; Fig. 24A). This latter trait has convergently evolved in most anapids. All representatives of Mysmeninae here examined have a membranous atrium (Figs 59H, 129A, E, G, 130B). The atrium has been defined as a ‘widened cavity into the copulatory ducts’ (Sierwald, 1989: 2), and can occur independently of the location (external or internal) of the copulatory openings. In most mysmenids, however, the seemingly epigynal area located centrally between the copulatory openings (here regarded as the ‘dorsal plate’ sensu Millidge, 1984; ‘middle field’ on Sierwald, 1989) is projecting, i.e. it is exposed or protruding from the epigastric furrow (Figs 11B, C, 12D, E, 37C, 42C, 44A, 49D, 67A, B). The dorsal plate is secondarily internal (i.e. neither exposed nor projecting) in Mysmenopsinae, Maymena rica, Microdipoena, and few other mysmenines (e.g. Fig. 24B).</p> <p>Trogloneta, Maymena, Mysmenopsinae, and the mysmenine MYSM-023-MAD have a modified copulatory area or epigynum in the form of a sclerotized plate or a protruding modification of the cuticle, usually bearing setae and the copulatory openings (Figs 5A, B, 11B, C, 12D, E, 49D, E, 59H, 61A, 67A, B, 140D, I, 141G, H, 142C). The copulatory openings are exposed caudally (i.e. posteriorly) in the epigynal area (Figs 49D, 59H, 61B). A sclerotized external atrium is present in a few Mysmenopsis species (e.g. Fig. 59H). On the other hand, in most Mysmeninae the epigynal area is weakly modified or even absent (i.e. the cuticle in this area is similar to surrounding abdominal cuticle), and it is usually translucent (spermathecae can be observed beneath it; Figs 14C, 37A, 52F, 141I). Although seemingly widespread among araneoids (Levi &amp; Levi, 1962; Millidge, 1984; Scharff &amp; Coddington, 1997; Griswold, 2001), the ventral scape of most mysmenines is unique within symphytognathoids (Figs 24B, 29C, 31G, 37C, 42C, 129E).</p> <p>Internal genitalia</p> <p>Copulatory ducts: Within Mysmenidae, the copulatory ducts show varying degrees of sclerotization and width. In Maymena and most Mysmenopsinae the copulatory ducts are short, relatively sclerotized, narrow, and of invariable diameter (Figs 11D, 37D, 128A, D, G, 129G). In Trogloneta the walls of the distal portion of the long copulatory ducts are rather smooth, relatively sclerotized, and uniform in diameter; however, the proximal portion of the ducts of Trogloneta is highly membranous and has a larger diameter than the distal part (Figs 64A, 128F). In the aforementioned taxa (i.e. Trogloneta, Maymena, and Mysmenopsinae), the trajectory of the copulatory ducts is in most cases recognizable. Conversely, the copulatory ducts of Mysmeninae differ from all other mysmenids (with the exception of a few taxa). The walls of the ducts are extremely membranous, imperceptible under light microscopy, and are of uneven diameter. These irregular membranous ducts follow a convoluted and long trajectory of unclear course. The ducts seem to extend ventrally and anteriorly to the spermathecae, although without a definite pattern (Figs 18G, 27D, 129A, C, E, H, 130B). In some species the ducts can be subtly more sclerotized and definite, and a coiled trajectory can be observed (Figs 37D, 129G). The increase in the diameter of the proximal portion of the copulatory ducts (i.e. the first half of the ducts from the copulatory openings) has been termed ‘bursae’ by Schütt (2003: character 77), although it is not clear from that study whether the increase in diameter refers to the copulatory ducts or to the membranous atrium (see above).</p> <p>Within Mysmeninae, there is a particular turn occurring proximally in the convoluted and membranous copulatory ducts, seemingly originating close to the internal atrium, but immediately before becoming widened and convoluted. This duct turn is characterized by a subtle but consistent sclerotization. This feature occurs in Microdipoena, and also evolved independently in two clades within Mysmena and in MYSM-029-MAD (Figs 129A, B, 130A).</p> <p>A convoluted trajectory of the copulatory ducts characterizes Mysmenidae, although the ducts can vary greatly in terms of sclerotization and diameter. Straight ducts evolved independently twice: once in the clade comprising Maymena and Mysmenopsinae and once in Mysmena MYSM-034-MAD. Although rare in the current mysmenid taxon sample, coiled and more distinct copulatory ducts of mysmenines (as in Figs 37D, 129G) appear to be more common than represented here (e.g. Lopardo, Dupérré &amp; Paquin, 2008; Miller et al., 2009; L. Lopardo, A. Janzen, C. Griswold &amp; P. Michalik, unpubl. data). These distinct ducts might represent a plesiomorphic but intermediate condition (i.e. between sclerotized and fully membranous ducts) in the evolution of convoluted and highly membranous copulatory ducts, and might help in elucidating our current interpretation of their trajectory, as well as their identification.</p> <p>Spermathecae and accessory glands: Most mysmenids have one sperm-storage compartment in each spermatheca (e.g. Fig. 33A). Trogloneta and some anapids have two pairs of compartments in each spermatheca (Fig. 128F). The spermathecae are usually defined by a thick sclerotized wall (Figs 129A, 130B), although exceptions occur (e.g. in mysmenine MYSM-023-MAD and a few anapids; Figs 49A, 130D).</p> <p>Ovoid spermathecae are plesiomorphic for both symphytognathoids and Mysmenidae. Nevertheless, the diversity of spermathecal shapes within Mysmenidae is immense, seemingly following no particular phylogenetic pattern, not even at the genus level. Spermathecae can be ovoid (Figs 11D, 18G, 37D, 128D, 129A, G), C- or cup-shaped (Figs 27D,E, 42D, 128E, 130C), coiled within the same spermathecal structure (Figs 33A, B, 51D, 129C, 130B, G), tubuliform (as one large tube, sometimes like tracheoles; Figs 5D, 49A, 128A, C, 130D), clavate (Figs 12C, 128B), or even irregular (although consistent within each species), where no particular shape can be defined (Fig. 129D).</p> <p>An additional paired structure occurs in the internal genitalia of Trogloneta, the mysmenine MYSM-029-MAD, Mysmena MYSM-005-ARG, Microdipoena, and the anapid Tasmanapis. This structure resembles either an apodeme or a glandular structure, and appears related to the copulatory ducts or the spermathecae (Figs 22B, 27D, 29A, 64A, 129B, E, H, 130A, F). It is better observed by SEM, although it can be distinguished in transparent preparations of the vulva by a higher degree of sclerotization, comparable with that of the spermathecae (Figs 129B, E, H, 130A, F; see also Brescovit &amp; Lopardo, 2008: fig. 6C– E). Whether these structures are functional glands, muscle attachment points, or perform other functions remains unknown. They are regarded here as accessory glands.</p> <p>Fertilization ducts: The morphology of fertilization ducts is also variable within the family. Fertilization ducts were identified in Mysmenidae by discerning the ducts connected to and from the spermathecae, and, with the help of SEM, an attempt was made to follow the trajectory of these ducts. Usually fertilization ducts are located either dorsal to or on the central internal lateral side of the spermathecae. As a convention, when the genital system was mainly composed by membranes, highly developed and convoluted copulatory ducts were first identified, and then fertilization ducts were distinguished by elimination. The degree of sclerotization of the fertilization ducts appears highly homoplastic. Weakly sclerotized fertilization ducts with a distinguishable wall are plesiomorphic for Mysmenidae (although ambiguously optimized), and occur in Isela, mysmenine MYSM-023-MAD, and most Mysmena (Figs 42D, 49A, 128A, 129G); however, membranous, translucent, and almost imperceptible fertilization ducts also occur within the family, in Trogloneta, most Mysmenopsis, and all members of Microdipoena (Figs 18G, 27D, 51D, 60H, 64A, 128F, 136D).</p> <p>Small, short fertilization ducts providing a direct connection between the spermathecae and the uterus externus (usually in straight fashion and unmodified) are plesiomorphic and widespread within Mysmenidae (Figs 42D, 49A, 64A, 128A, F). Large, long fertilization ducts, most often longer than the size of the spermathecae, might be provided with modifications or expansions (Figs 11D, 18G, 27D, 51D, 60H, 92F, 129G, 136D). They occur independently in most Maymena, most Mysmenopsis, most species of Microdipoena, and few Mysmena.</p> <p>Spinneret silk gland spigot morphology (refer to characters 304–340)</p> <p>The spinning organs of Mysmenidae have been described for a few species, including the kleptoparasitic Isela okuncana (Griswold, 1985), an undescribed Isela from Cameroon, Mysmenopsis penai, the Australian Mysmena tasmaniae and M. leichhardti (Lopardo &amp; Michalik, 2013) and Maymena mayana (Griswold et al., 1998). Recently, the gland spigot patterns of Trogloneta cantareira (Brescovit &amp; Lopardo, 2008) and several Chinese mysmenids (Mysmena, Gaoligonga, Chanea, and Maymena, Miller et al., 2009) were also described. The data in the aforementioned works suggest that mysmenids have the typical symphytognathoid and higher araneoid silk gland spigot conformation on the anterior lateral and the posterior median spinnerets (ALS and PMS, respectively): few ALS piriform gland spigots, few aciniform gland spigots on posterior (median and lateral) spinnerets, a furrow between major ampullate and piriform fields, and reduced piriform bases. In this study we examined in detail the spinneret gland spigot conformation of 30 mysmenid species. In the following section, the general arrangement of mysmenid spinneret gland spigots is described. Exceptions, singular features, and synapomorphies for the main mysmenid clades are noted below. See Appendix 2 for an explanation of cuticular textures.</p> <p>In general, the colulus is fleshy and usually relatively large, bearing three or less setae (Figs 24E, 33C, 56D, 59I). On the anterior lateral spinnerets, a glabrous tuberculate intersegmental cuticle occurs (Figs 6A, 16B, 23A, C, 33F, 52B, 61C). The major ampullate gland spigot is accompanied by a nubbin and a tartipore (Figs 6B, 23A, C, 61C). The base of the piriform gland spigots is reduced (Figs 6B, 52B, 61C), and the cuticle surrounding those piriform gland spigots can be either fingerprint (in Mysmeninae and most Mysmenopsinae) or rugose (in Maymena, Trogloneta, and the Isela representative Kilifina- MYSM-002- KENYA; Fig. 6B). Two aciniform, one posterior minor ampullate, and (in females) one cylindrical gland spigot occur on the posterior median spinnerets (Figs 11F, 33D, 58F). The minor ampullate can be accompanied by a tartipore, a tartipore plus a nubbin, or by none of these. The posterior lateral spinnerets bear two cylindrical gland spigots, where both (Figs 11G, H, 13F, 67D) or only the posterior spigot is peripheral to the spinning field (the anterior spigot on the edge of the field; Figs 23B, 37B, 58H), and some aciniform gland spigots. The triad (the assemblage of one flagelliform and two aggregate gland spigots producing sticky silk in araneoids) is present in most female mysmenids (Figs 11G, 23B, 37B, 52C, 67D), as is usually the case in Araneoidea. Some exceptions occur, however (see below). Both aggregate and flagelliform gland spigots are similar in size (Figs 13F, G, 37B, 52C). In most species, the triad on males is vestigial, were remnants of previously functional gland spigots can be observed (Figs 23E, 33H). In some species, the triad is retained in adult males (Fig. 13G; this change is ambiguously optimized at the base of Mysmenidae).</p> <p>The spinnerets of mysmenids differ from that of all other families represented in this data set by the presence of a lobe on the intersegmental groove of the ALS (Figs 23A, C, G, H, 52B). This lobe is also present within Anapidae, although with high homoplasy. Mysmenids also differ from other families in the separation of the major ampullate and piriform fields by a subtle (shallow) groove (Figs 13C, 23C, 33F, 52B, 61C, 64C), where the connection between both fields is distinctly evident proximally within the ALS segment (ambiguously occurring in Theridiosomatidae). Finally by the characteristic shape of a seta on the major ampullate field, with either one or two rows of long ‘branches’ (Figs 6A, 23F, 33F, 52B, 61C).</p> <p>Trogloneta is the only symphytognathoid so far examined with minute but distinguishable colulus (Figs 64D, 67F, 68C; as opposed to the remnant colulus of Patu, see character 317). An additional anterior discrete cluster of cuticular protuberances of unknown function also occurs in the ALS of Trogloneta (Figs 64C, 66F). Other attributes occurring in Trogloneta, although not exclusive to this genus, include: a rugose cuticle on the piriform field on ALS (Fig. 64C); minor ampullate gland spigot accompanied solely by a tartipore on PMS; both PLS cylindrical gland spigots equally large and larger than the flagelliform gland spigot (Fig. 67D); and triad spigots retained in adult males (at least in T. granulum).</p> <p>In Maymena, the shape of the seta on the major ampullate field has a distinct single row of long ‘branches’ (Figs 11E, 13C, 16B); in other mysmenids, two rows occur. The PMS minor ampullate gland spigot is accompanied by a nubbin and a tartipore (Fig. 11F). The following features occur independently in both Maymena and Mysmeninae, and were not observed in any other taxa examined in this data set: an anterior distinctly flat spatulate modified seta on PLS (Figs 11G,H, 13E) and aciniform gland spigots of different shape in both the posterior spinnerets (median and lateral, Figs 11F, G, 13F, G; see character 304). Other attributes occurring in Maymena, although not exclusive of the genus, include: rugose cuticle on piriform field on ALS (Figs 11E, 16B), and both PLS cylindrical gland spigots equally large and larger than the flagelliform gland spigot (Figs 11G, H, 13F). Triad spigots are retained in adult males of M. mayana (Fig. 13G), but this retention appears autapomorphic for this species rather than a generic condition, given that the triad is vestigial in at least M. rica.</p> <p>In Mysmenopsinae the adult male aggregate gland spigots are absent, and those of the females are distinctly absent as well (see below). Other spinneret features of this subfamily include: a fingerprint cuticle on ALS piriform field; PMS minor ampullate gland spigot accompanied by neither nubbin nor tartipore (Figs 6C, F, 58F, 61D); and both PLS cylindrical gland spigots slim as other gland spigots (not larger) and subequal to flagelliform gland spigot (Fig. 58H). In Mysmenopsis, the colulus bears four or more setae (Figs 56D, 59I). Although both aggregate gland spigots are absent in males and females, the flagelliform gland spigot in the representatives of Mysmenopsis studied has been retained, and seems to be functional in both sexes (Fig. 58G, H). In Isela both flagelliform and aggregate gland spigots are distinctly absent in both sexes (Fig. 6D, G).</p> <p>Finally, the subfamily Mysmeninae shares with Maymena the anterior distinctly flat spatulate modified seta on PLS (Figs 23B, E, 33G, H, 37B, 52C) and aciniform gland spigots of different shape in both posterior spinnerets (median and lateral, Figs 23D, 33D, 37B; see character 304). These two features evolved independently in the two clades. Other features occurring in mysmenines include a fingerprint cuticle on ALS piriform field (Figs 23C, 52B); PMS minor ampullate gland spigot accompanied solely by a tartipore (Figs 19F, 23D, 33D); both PLS cylindrical gland spigots slim as other gland spigots (not larger) and subequal to flagelliform gland spigot (Figs 23B, 37B, E, 52C); and vestigial triad in males (Fig. 23E), independently functional in Mysmena MYSM-005-ARG and Mysmena tasmaniae.</p> <p>Other morphological features of Mysmenidae</p> <p>Clasping spines</p> <p>The males of all mysmenids except Maymena mayana have a prolateral metatarsal clasping spine (macroseta) on leg I (e.g. Fig. 34C). The phylogenetic hypothesis from the total-evidence analysis agrees with the morphological hypothesis from this study and with previous studies that have suggested this macroseta as a synapomorphy (or diagnostic) for the family (Thaler, 1975; Platnick &amp; Shadab, 1978; Brignoli, 1980; Griswold, 1985; Wunderlich, 1995; Griswold et al., 1998; Schütt, 2003). Although some members of Anapidae have a clasping structure on the first legs, these structures are not spines (macrosetae) but spurs (short and stout seta), and can occur in both sexes. The clasping spines of mysmenids are sexually dimorphic, occurring in males, are unique for the family, and might be involved in mating behaviour (Schütt, 2003). The widespread condition is a medial and straight metatarsal clasping spine (Figs 34C, 42H, 45H, 65C), but the spine can be basal (e.g. Maymena; Figs 16G, 141K), apical (few Mysmenopsis and mysmenines species; Figs 50H, 59B, 143C, 144A), twisted (Isela and Microdipoena; Figs 3B, 8B, C, 26C, 140E, F, 141K, L, 142N), or strongly curved proximally and accompanied by adjacent strong setae (most Mysmenopsis; Figs 54D, 57I, 59B). Additional apical tibial clasping spines can also be found in some mysmenids, as is the case of one tibial clasping spine occurring in all Maymena species (except M. mayana) and in Mysmenopsinae (Figs 3A, 8D, 16G, 54C, 59B, 62E, F, 140E, J, K); or two clasping spines in Mysmenopsis dipluramigo (Fig. 140H) and Microdipoena (Figs 26C, 27I, 57F, G, 141L, O).</p> <p>Femoral spot or other femoral structures</p> <p>The femoral spot has been previously suggested as diagnostic or synapomorphic for the family (Thaler, 1975; Platnick &amp; Shadab, 1978; Brignoli, 1980; Griswold, 1985; Wunderlich, 1995; Griswold et al., 1998; Schütt, 2003), as this cuticular structure is unique to mysmenids. The results of our study corroborate this hypothesis. The adult females of all mysmenid species have either a sclerotized spot (Figs 34A, 39D, 140G, 141C, 143N) or a cuticular projection (Fig. 57A, E) on the apical ventral surface of at least femur I, although a few exceptions occur (e.g. Mysmena MYSM-005-ARG and a few Mysmenopsis species). The femoral structure of most female mysmenids occurs in both femora I and II (symplesiomorphic in this data set, Figs 141C, 142B). The occurrence of this feature only on femur I is convergent in Trogloneta, Mysmenopsis (when present), and a number of times within Mysmena (Fig. 140G). The femoral sclerotization (i.e. spot) was first described by Marples (1955) for Tamasesia (= Mysmena). Its function remains unknown. The absence of pores in its surface indicates that we should rule out a glandular function. It has been suggested that the spot could be a ‘... functionless remnant of an unknown structure, because it shows a great variability in size and shape among specimens and can be differently pronounced on the two first femora of a single specimen. It is too large to be the socket of a former spine and apart from this there is no space for a large spine so close to the patella...’ (Schütt, 2003: 143). Based on the results of the combined analysis, the spot originates at the node of Mysmenidae, becomes a femoral projection in Mysmenopsis, and is lost distally in some species. Whether the femoral spot actually has a function (e.g. a behavioural function), or is just a remnant of a functional structure, remains an unsolved puzzle.</p> <p>All femoral structures are absent in juvenile mysmenids (which argues against the remnant hypothesis), although they can sometimes be perceived in subadult stages. The femoral projection occurs only in females of some species of Mysmenopsis. The femoral spot, however, can also occur on males (Fig. 21A). Male femoral spots evolved ambiguously in Trogloneta and Maymena, independently in Microdipoena [excluding its basal species M. (= Mysmenella) samoensis], and in two instances within Mysmena. In contrast with females, most mysmenid males have the femoral spot (when present) only on femur I (Fig. 141O), although in two cases the spot occurs in both femora I and II (Maymena ambita and Mysmena tasmaniae; Fig. 140M).</p> <p>Prolateral row of modified setae in the male first leg tarsi</p> <p>First observed and described as a ventral row of modified setae by Thaler (1975, 1995) for males of Trogloneta granulum and Mysmeniola spinifera (respectively), this prolateral row of modified setae (see below) is an ambiguously optimized synapomorphy for Mysmenidae. As is the case of most morphological features within Mysmenidae, and even though this row of modified setae occurs in all examined species, the particular details of this feature differ among clades. The modified setae are usually shorter than the surrounding tarsal setae, and can be slimmer and curved or stouter and straight. These modified setae can also be distributed along the entire length of the tarsus or just on the distal half. In Mysmeninae, the setae are slimmer and the row occupies the distal half of the tarsus (except in Mysmeniola, see below; Figs 26A, 34D, 45I, 50F). In Maymena rica and in Mysmeniola spinifera the setae are also slimmer but the row is distributed all along the segment (Fig. 16H). Trogloneta and Isela both have stout setae distributed along the tarsus (Figs 8F, 65D, 68A). And lastly, Mysmenopsis also have stout setae but, as in Mysmeninae, the row occupies the distal half of the tarsus (Figs 54G, 59D). Although the function of this row of modified setae remains unknown, the fact that these setae are found only in the males suggests that it may be involved in mating behaviour.</p> <p>Other morphological features of Mysmenids</p> <p>Size of the tarsal organ opening on leg I: A large opening of the tarsal organ (i.e. subequal or larger than setal sockets) evolved independently in Mysmenidae and Anapidae (see Figs 26E, 39C, 48F, 50D, 73B, 83E, 95I, 101E, respectively). An opening distinctly smaller than setal sockets is the plesiomorphic condition in symphytognathoids. Within Mysmenidae, the tarsal organ opening becomes secondarily small in Mysmenopsinae, with a reversal in Mysmenopsis palpalis (Figs 3F, 54F, 62H).</p> <p>Distinctly thick distal promarginal curved seta on chelicerae: Most taxa in this data set have a particularly distinct curved seta located distally at the promarginal edge of chelicerae, near the fang base. This seta differs from surrounding promarginal setae by its thickness and/or serration. Although a distinctly curved seta can also occur on the cheliceral retromargin of some araneomorph spiders (see Griswold et al., 2005, character 34), retromarginal setae of the taxon sample examined in this study do not differ from surrounding setae (e.g. Fig. 7J). Within symphytognathoids, the distinctly curved promarginal seta is lost in Synaphridae and most Symphytognathidae (Figs 108E, 118E, 122A; the optimization of this character under parsimony is ambiguous). All examined mysmenid representatives have a uniquely thicker distal promarginal curved seta (Figs 19E, 25E, 38H, 48B), except Maymena. In some mysmenids this seta is equally serrated as surrounding seta, which is the plesiomorphic condition for the family; however, the thicker seta is strongly serrated on one side independently in Mysmeninae and most Mysmenopsinae (Figs 19E, 38H, 42E, 48B).</p> <p>Intermediate sternum posterior margin: Pointed and truncate sternal margins are quite distinct in the taxa represented here, although the systematic value of this character has been questioned because of imprecision in shape definition, reliability of observation, homoplasy, and possible influence of overall body proportions on sternum shape (Coddington, 1986a; Griswold et al., 1998; Schütt, 2003). A truncate sternum is a synapomorphy of symphytognathoids, occurring in all families except Mysmenidae. In Mysmenidae, an intermediate condition between pointed and truncate posterior sternal margin is consistently found (Figs 2C, 7C, 25B, 35C, 46A, 59G, 140B, 143B, I); however, an ambiguously optimized reversal to pointed posterior sternum occurs in Maymena (Fig. 141F), and two independent instances of truncate sternum occur within mysmenines (Fig. 143O).</p> <p>Sparse imbricate cuticular pattern on carapace border: Almost all mysmenids here examined have a typical cuticle pattern on the carapace lateral edges that was not observed in other taxa. It consists of slender (i.e. not prominent) ridges running mostly parallel with each other and with the edge of the carapace, delimiting elongated scales (Fig. 50A). A smooth cuticle is widespread in both outgroup taxa and symphytognathoids (Figs 118A, B, 121B, E). Within Mysmenidae, a smooth cuticle is secondarily and independently present in Maymena mayana and the mysmenine MYSM-019-MAD.</p> <p>Cheliceral fang furrow denticles: Minute denticles in the cheliceral fang furrow (Figs 7G, 15H, 48B) occur in almost all mysmenids studied (e.g. Forster, 1959; Brignoli, 1974; Thaler, 1975; absent in Microdipoena jobi; Platnick &amp; Shadab, 1978; Griswold et al., 1998; Schütt, 2003), and have been proposed as synapomorphic for the family (Platnick &amp; Shadab, 1978). Although not unique for symphytognathoids (cheliceral denticles have been reported at least in nesticids, Wiehle, 1963; uloborids, Peters, 1982; and araneids and nephilids, Hormiga, Eberhard &amp; Coddington, 1995), similar denticles also occur in Theridiosomatidae and some anapids (Coddington, 1986a; see also Schütt, 2003). Within symphytognathoids, denticles are an ambiguously optimized synapomorphy for both Theridiosomatidae and Mysmenidae.</p> <p>Anterior median eyes on protruded area: Another particular feature shared between mysmenids and theridiosomatids is the arrangement of the anterior median eyes. Character optimization under parsimony for this feature is ambiguous. Both sexes of mysmenids (except Trogloneta, see below) and theridiosomatids have a depression around the anterior median eyes defining a protruded area (Figs 15B, D, 25C, 46D, E, 59C). This area is clearly protruded, not just smoothly raised from the rest of the carapace, and can be best observed with SEM and in frontal view. In Trogloneta, males have all eyes in a tubercle or a narrow elevation of the ocular area (Figs 63G, H, 66A).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710C593DAFC43E7BAFC10582C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108E93A8FCE5E5F2FB505972.text	03832D77108E93A8FCE5E5F2FB505972.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acrobleps hygrophilus Hickman 1979	<div><p>Acrobleps hygrophilus</p> <p>Australia: Tasmania; (SW of Hobart), Myrtle Gully (?), The Cascades, 13.xii.1945, under stone at side of creek, in fern gullies, manual, V.V. Hickman, ♂ holotype (MYSM-0147); ♀ allotype (MYSM-0148) (AMS); 10.iv.1961, 2♀ ♂ sub ♂ (AMS, MYSM-0149); in fern gullies, 13.xii.1945, ♀ 4♂ 4sub ♂ (AMS, MYSM-0150); Cascades Myrtle Gully, 13.xii.1945, V.V. Hickman, 1sub ♂ (AMS-KS 30738, sub ♂ SEM); Lake St. Clair NP. LSC-SFT, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.19305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.167225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.19305/lat -42.167225)">Flood Creek</a>, 42°10′02″S, 146°11′35″E, (AGD 66), 16.ii.2004, buttongrass moorland, Pitfall: 3, −42.16722, 146.19306 (coll. M. Driessen), ♂ (GWU, gift from QM, MYSM-0085, ♂ SEM); Cradle Mountain-Lake St. Clair N.P., near Waldheim cabins, 22.6km 202° SWS Moina, 3.iii.2006, Nothofagus forest, S41°38′28.5″ E145°56′26.5″, 926 m, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, ♂ (GWU, 95% ethanol, LL-AU-02, LLS-088, ♂ sequenced); 3–5.iii.2006, 4♀ ♂ (GWU, MYSM-0179, ♀ SEM); manual, ♀ (GWU, MYSM-0181); 12♀ 6♂ sub ♂ 1 juv (GWU, MYSM-0180, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♀ genitalic drawing); Newall Creek, Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers N.P., 9.57 km 177° S Queenstown, 14.iii.2006, Nothofagus rainforest, manual, 159 m, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, ♀ (GWU, MYSM-0182).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108E93A8FCE5E5F2FB505972	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93A9FF67E1BCFC9A5F9D.text	03832D77108F93A9FF67E1BCFC9A5F9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anapisona kethleyi Platnick & Shadab 1979	<div><p>Anapisona kethleyi</p> <p>Mexico: Chiapas, Ocosingo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.07872&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.725695" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.07872/lat 16.725695)">Monumento Natural Bonampak</a>, 16°43′32.5″ N, 91°04′43.4″ W, EPE07 207 m. 26.x–2.xi.2005. F. Alvarez, L. Lopardo &amp; J. Castelo leg (BONA-01; 28.x.2005) ♂ ♀ 3sub ♂ 1juv (♂ R1 -f28- 31, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ genitalic drawing); sub ♂ (80% ethanol, LLS-064, sequenced); sub ♂ (R3 -f13-16, SEM); ♀ (SEM, genitalic drawing); ♂ (SEM) (GWU / MCZ).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93A9FF67E1BCFC9A5F9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93AAFCF9E666FD365ED5.text	03832D77108F93AAFCF9E666FD365ED5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anjouanella comorensis Baert 1986	<div><p>Anjouanella comorensis</p> <p>Comoros: Anjouan, Sentier Hombo-N’Thindi, 3.xii.1983, Leaf litter, Litiere, tamisage, 600, R Jocque, 600 m, ♂ holotype (MRAC, MYSM-0151, composite); 900 m, 3♀ paratypes (MRAC, MYSM-0152, ♀ composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93AAFCF9E666FD365ED5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93A9FF67E094FECC5CB2.text	03832D77108F93A9FF67E094FECC5CB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Comaroma simoni Bertkau 1889	<div><p>Comaroma simoni</p> <p>Austria: Carinthia, Weissensee, Kleiner Silbergraben, 1150 m asl; July 7, 1991; C. Komposch leg., ♂ ♀ (GWU, Kropf donation, ♂ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ genitalic drawing); no data, H. Franz leg, slg. H. Wiehle, ♀ (SMF 11456 /5, SEM).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93A9FF67E094FECC5CB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93A9FF67E3A2FD695A80.text	03832D77108F93A9FF67E3A2FD695A80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crassanapis chilensis Platnick & Forster 1989	<div><p>Crassanapis chilensis</p> <p>Argentina: P. Nac. Lanín, Lago Queñi, 15.ii.96, Ramírez, 3♂ 2♀ 4juvs (MACN-Ar 10382, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ genitalic drawing).</p> <p>Chile: Región X (Los Lagos): Osorno Prov.: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-40.775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.2/lat -40.775)">Parque Nacional Puyehue</a>, 12.xii.2000 – 2.i.2001, J. Miller, I. Agnarsson, Alvarez, J. Coddington, G. Hormiga, Aguas Calientes, 40°44′0″S 72°18′45″W, 450 m, forest, (pitfall 515 T1, 15 Dec 2000), 27♂ 5♀ (USNM, 75% ethanol, LLS-006, ♂ sequenced); Berlese, ♀ (USNM, 75% ethanol, LLS-007, ♀ SEM, ♀ sequenced); Antillanca road, 40°46′30″S, 72°12′00″W, 1000 m, ♀ (USNM, genitalic drawing); Nothofagus pumilio forest (pitfall 512 T3, 29.Dec.2000), ♀ (USNM, SEM); ♂ (USNM, SEM).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93A9FF67E3A2FD695A80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93A9FF67E591FD495825.text	03832D77108F93A9FF67E591FD495825.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elanapis aisen Platnick & Forster 1989	<div><p>Elanapis aisen</p> <p>Argentina: Neuquén Prov.: P. Nac. Nahuel Huapi, Puerto Blest, 10.i.1998, Ramírez, 4♂ 2♀ 8juv (MACN-Ar 10380, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing).</p> <p>Chile: Reg. X: Llanquihue, PN Alerce Andino, Correntoso, sendero ‘ Huillifoten’, bosque humedo, 135 m, S41°27′53.0″ W72°38′43.4″, 3.ii.05, MJ Ramírez &amp; F Labarque, ♀ (MACN-Ar, ♀ SEM, ♀ composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93A9FF67E591FD495825	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93A9FCF9E77AFB6D5880.text	03832D77108F93A9FCF9E77AFB6D5880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Linyphia triangularis (Clerck 1757)	<div><p>Linyphia triangularis</p> <p>Denmark: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.475&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=56.291" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.475/lat 56.291)">Hestehaven</a>, Ronde, 22 km NE of Arhus, 56°17.46′ N 10°28.50′ E, 30-viii-1994, Bjorn, Christiansen, Coddington, Griswold, Hormiga, Krat, Langemark, Scharff &amp; Sorensen leg., ♂ ♀ (USNM, several of both sexes, ♂ ♀ composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93A9FCF9E77AFB6D5880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93A9FF67E73CFA935ED5.text	03832D77108F93A9FF67E73CFA935ED5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Minanapis casablanca Platnick & Forster 1989	<div><p>Minanapis casablanca</p> <p>Chile: Región X (Los Lagos): Osorno Prov.: Parque Nacional Puyehue: Antillanca, 12.xii.2000 – 2.i.2001, J. Miller, I. Agnarsson, Alvarez, J. Coddington, G. Hormiga, 40°46′30″S, 72°12′00″W, 1150 m, Nothofagus pumilio forest, (pitfall 58 T1, 2 Jan 2001) 6♂ 3♀ (USNM, 75% ethanol, LLS-002(♀), LLS-001(♂), ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ genitalic drawing, ♂ ♀ sequenced); 700 m, forest (pitfall 513 T1, 18 Dec 2000) ♀ (USNM, SEM); 40°46′30″S, 72°11′30″W, 1050–1350 m, alpine meadow, (pitfall 57 T1, 12–15 Dec 2000), 4♀ (USNM, 75% ethanol, LLS-008, genitalic drawing, sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93A9FF67E73CFA935ED5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93A9FCF9E064FA175C08.text	03832D77108F93A9FCF9E064FA175C08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Minanapis palena Platnick & Forster 1989	<div><p>Minanapis palena</p> <p>Chile: Región X (Los Lagos): <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.3125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-40.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.3125/lat -40.733334)">Osorno Prov.</a>: Parque Nacional Puyehue, J. Miller, I. Agnarsson, Alvarez, J. Coddington, G. Hormiga, 12.xii.2000 – 2.i.2001, 40°46′30″S 72°12′00″W, 700 m, (pitfall 513 T1, 29 Dec 2000), 19♂ 13♀ 2juv (USNM, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ composite, ♀ genitalic drawing); Aguas Calientes, 40°44′0″S 72°18′45″W, 450 m, forest, Berlese, ♂ ♀ [USNM, 75% ethanol, LLS-004(♂), LLS-005(♀), ♂ ♀ sequenced].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93A9FCF9E064FA175C08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93A9FCF9E331FBC55DBC.text	03832D77108F93A9FCF9E331FBC55DBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taphiassa punctata (Forster 1959)	<div><p>Taphiassa punctata</p> <p>New Zealand: South Island, Canterbury, Lincoln, Vortis suction sample, ARG McLachland, 22.x.1994, in grazed pasture, ♀ (LUNZ, MYSM-0057, composite); 30.v.1994, in grass under pine shelterbelt, 2♂ (LUNZ, MYSM-0055, SEM, composite, genitalic drawing); 22.xi.1995, in long grass under Eucalyptus trees, ♂ (LUNZ, MYSM-0056); 15.iv.1996, in grass under shelterbelt beside dairy pasture, ♂ (LUNZ, MYSM-0054); 15.v.1996, in long grass beside sheep pasture, ♀ (LUNZ, MYSM-0058, SEM, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93A9FCF9E331FBC55DBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93A9FCF9E2CDFB075AF0.text	03832D77108F93A9FCF9E2CDFB075AF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tasmanapis strahan Platnick & Forster 1989	<div><p>Tasmanapis strahan</p> <p>Australia: Tasmania: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.10386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-177.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.10386/lat -177.0)">Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers N.P.</a>, Nothofagus rainforest, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.10386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-177.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.10386/lat -177.0)">Nelson Falls</a>, 15.0km 089° E Queenstown, S42°06′13.9″ E145°44′10.0″, 338 m, 9.iii.2006, Ramírez, Griswold, Hormiga, Lopardo, Scharff, Silva, Boutin, Szüts, ♀ (MACN-Ar 11536, SEM, composite); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=42.10386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-177.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 42.10386/lat -177.0)">Newall Creek</a>, 9.57km 177° S Queenstown, S42°09′37.1″ E145°32′20.1″, 159 m, 10.iii.2006, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, ♂ (GWU, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93A9FCF9E2CDFB075AF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108F93A9FCF9E478FB545BBC.text	03832D77108F93A9FCF9E478FB545BBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teutoniella cekalovici Platnick & Forster 1986	<div><p>Teutoniella cekalovici</p> <p>Chile: Concepcion Province: Estero Nonquen, 90 m, 16.xi.1981, N.I. Platnick &amp; R.T. Schuh, conc. berlese, modified forest, floor litter, ♂ ♀ (AMNH, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108F93A9FCF9E478FB545BBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFF53E060FF655F85.text	03832D77108C93AAFF53E060FF655F85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brasilionata arborense Wunderlich 1995	<div><p>Brasilionata arborense</p> <p>Brazil: Amazonas Central (?), near Manaus, Taruma Mirim, IX, 10–24.ix.1991, tree trap, U. Irmler leg., ♂ holotype (AMNH, MYSM-0153, composite, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFF53E060FF655F85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFF53E0B0FE005CDC.text	03832D77108C93AAFF53E0B0FE005CDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calodipoena incredula Gertsch & Davis 1936	<div><p>Calodipoena incredula</p> <p>Panama: Cerro Galera, S. Heimer col., xii.1983, ♂ (MHNG, MYSM-0159); i.1984, 2♀ 6♂ 1 juv (MHNG, MYSM-0156, ♂♀ SEM); Colon, near Gamboa, S. Heimer col., xi.1983, ♂ ♀ (MHNG, MYSM-0157); i.1984, 4♀ ♂ (MHNG, MYSM-0158, ♀ SEM); vi.1983, ♂ ♀ (MHNG, MYSM-0160, ♂♀ composite); ii.1984, ♂ (MHNG, MYSM-0161). USA: Texas, Cameron Co., Palm Grove, 16.iii.1936, Cornell University Coll., 4♀ ♂ (AMNH, MYSM-0164).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFF53E0B0FE005CDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFF53E269FF4E5DD0.text	03832D77108C93AAFF53E269FF4E5DD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calodipoena mooatae Baert 1988	<div><p>Calodipoena mooatae</p> <p>Sulawesi (Indonesia): Sulawesi Utara, Gunung (Mount) Mooat, Danau (Lake) Mooat, 29.x.1985, primary rain forest, 1050 m, R. Bosman &amp; J. Van Stalle, ♀ holotype (IRSN, Cel. 064 BV, MYSM-0162, composite); S. de Kotamobago, 30.x.1985, primary rain forest, 1000 m, R. Bosman &amp; J. Van Stalle, ♀ paratype (IRSN, MYSM-0163).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFF53E269FF4E5DD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFF53E564FDAA5A80.text	03832D77108C93AAFF53E564FDAA5A80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calodipoena tarautensis Baert 1988	<div><p>Calodipoena tarautensis</p> <p>Sulawesi (Indonesia): Sulawesi Utara, Dumoga Bone National Park, Toraut, 27.x.1985, Grassland, 200 m, R. Bosman &amp; J. Van Stalle, ♀ paratype (IRSN, MYSM-0165, composite, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFF53E564FDAA5A80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFF53E5B4FDFF5B94.text	03832D77108C93AAFF53E5B4FDFF5B94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calomyspoena santacruzi Baert & Maelfait 1983	<div><p>Calomyspoena santacruzi</p> <p>Ecuador: Galapagos Islands, Isla Isabela, Volcan Sierra Negra, 23.iii.1982, stems of grass clumps, manual, 160 m, L. Baert &amp; J.-P. Maelfait, ♂ paratype 1 juv (IRSN, MYSM-0166, ♂ composite); Isla Santa Cruz, Caseta Occidente, 17–18.iii.1982, stems of grass clumps, manual, 170 m, L. Baert &amp; J.-P. Maelfait, 3♀ paratype 1 juv (IRSN, MYSM-0167, ♀ composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFF53E5B4FDFF5B94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFF53E4A0FE885845.text	03832D77108C93AAFF53E4A0FE885845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iardinis martensi Brignoli 1978	<div><p>Iardinis martensi</p> <p>Nepal: Ost-Nepal: Jiri bei Those, 1800–2000 m, Martens leg., i.1970; Brignoli det. 1977, ‘ male holotype’ (SMF-29597, female anapid found in vial, no male holotype, composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFF53E4A0FE885845	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFF53E7F0FE2558D3.text	03832D77108C93AAFF53E7F0FE2558D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iardinis mussardi Brignoli 1980	<div><p>Iardinis mussardi</p> <p>India: INDE (Madras): Madurai, 2.xi.1972, leg. C. Besuchet / I. Löbl (In 72/4), ♂ holotype (MHNG, composite, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFF53E7F0FE2558D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFF53E661FB135F5A.text	03832D77108C93AAFF53E661FB135F5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isela okuncana (Griswold 1985)	<div><p>Isela okuncana</p> <p>South Africa: KwaZulu Natal, Mhlopeni Nature Reserve, 6Km SE Muden, 11.vi.1984, in sheet web of Allothele teretis, 900 m, −29.02, 30.21, CE Griswold &amp; T Meikle, ♂ ♀ paratypes (CAS, MYSM-0014); 3.ii.1984, 2♀ (CAS, MYSM-0015); 10 Km SE of Muden, 2800ft, 29°01′12″S 030°12′36″E, 3–4.ii.1984, T&amp; C Griswold, PMC Croeser, 6♂ 3♀ 1sub ♂ (CAS, MYSM-0016, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFF53E661FB135F5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFCE5E0DBFAE05C60.text	03832D77108C93AAFCE5E0DBFAE05C60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Itapua tembei Baert 1984	<div><p>Itapua tembei</p> <p>Paraguay: Itapua Prov., Salto Tembey, 1.xi.1982, Manhert et al. col, ♂ holotype (MHNG I.G.: 26619 (Py-82/20); A.LB 1200, Index 35, Arachn. Mod. II; composite); ♀ paratype (MHNG I.G.: 26619 (Py-20/82); A.LB 1200, Index 35, Arachn. Mod. II; SEM, composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFCE5E0DBFAE05C60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFCE5E301FA815CC2.text	03832D77108C93AAFCE5E301FA815CC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kekenboschiella awari Baert 1984	<div><p>Kekenboschiella awari</p> <p>Papua New Guinea: Awar air strip, 18.vi.1982, P. Grootaert, ♂ paratype (IRSN-KBIN IG 26480 (1350) A.L.B. 1211, composite, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFCE5E301FA815CC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFCE5E262FB4C5DE8.text	03832D77108C93AAFCE5E262FB4C5DE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kekenboschiella marijkeae Baert 1982	<div><p>Kekenboschiella marijkeae</p> <p>Papua New Guinea: Beri Village (Berlese #165), 27.v.1978, Y. Von Goethem, ♂ holotype (IRSN-KBIN IG 25848 /1, composite, genitalic drawing); Bogia (?) (Berlese #227), 05.vi.1978, Y. Von Goethem, ♀ allotype (IRSN-KBIN IG 25848 /2, composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFCE5E262FB4C5DE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFCE5E289FC175AAC.text	03832D77108C93AAFCE5E289FC175AAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kilifina inquilina Baert & Murphy 1987	<div><p>Kilifina inquilina</p> <p>Kenya: Kilifi, 9.viii.1980, JA Murphy, ♀ paratype (IRSN); Betty’s Garden, 8.ix.1977, JA Murphy, ♂ paratype (IRSN); no collector, 16.ix.1977, ♀ ♂ paratypes (MRAC 174.634).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFCE5E289FC175AAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93AAFCE5E5D5FA16581B.text	03832D77108C93AAFCE5E5D5FA16581B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maymena ambita (Barrows 1940)	<div><p>Maymena ambita</p> <p>USA: Missouri, Rolla, Dry Fork Cr., H. Exline-Frizzell, 7.vii.1951, ♀ (CAS, composite); Virginia, Stafford Co., Falmouth, mixed deciduous forest, 27.vi.1978, H,L&amp;F Levi, ♂ (MCZ 51259, SEM, composite, genitalic drawing); Alabama: Blount Co., Firelighter Cave #1, 33°54′N 86°47′W, 3.ix.2004, col. P. Paquin, J. Miller, N. Dupérré, D. Caudle, 2♀ (USNM, 95% ethanol, LLS-079–080, sequenced); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.78333/lat 33.9)">Madison Co.</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.78333/lat 33.9)">Aladdin Cave</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.78333/lat 33.9)">Sharp’s Cave</a>, AF Archer, 1.xii.1939, ♀ (AMNH, SEM); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.78333/lat 33.9)">Tuscaloosa Co.</a>, Tuscaloosa, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.78333/lat 33.9)">River Rd</a> &amp; Guild Woodo Rd, hollow logs, 4.vii.1981, J Coddington, 1sub ♀ 1juv (MCZ 51256, SEM); ♀ (MCZ 51254, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93AAFCE5E5D5FA16581B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108C93ABFCE5E71AFE0B5F36.text	03832D77108C93ABFCE5E71AFE0B5F36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maymena mayana (Chamberlin & Ivie 1938)	<div><p>Maymena mayana</p> <p>Guatemala: Alta Vera Paz, Gruta de Lanquin, 6.ii.1980, B.-V. Roth, 4♀ ♂ (CAS, ♂ ♀ SEM).</p> <p>Mexico: Veracruz, Municipio de Atoyac, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.7653&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.9215" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.7653/lat 18.9215)">Grutas de Atoyac</a>, 18.9215°N 96.7653°W, A. Gluesenkamp C. Savvas P. Sprouse E. Gonzalez O. Francke, 22.ix. 2004, 460 m, in cave, 5♀ 2♂ (AMNH, AGG 951, ATOL, 95% etOH, ♂ SEM); Tabasco, 2.4 km E of Teapa, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.933334/lat 17.55)">Grutas de Cocona</a>, ca. 92°56′W 17°33′N, 7.vii.1983, W. Maddison, 83– 098, ca. 250ft. ♀ 4♂ (MCZ 51264, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing, composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108C93ABFCE5E71AFE0B5F36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108D93ABFF67E03DFED55C7E.text	03832D77108D93ABFF67E03DFED55C7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maymena rica Platnick 1993	<div><p>Maymena rica</p> <p>Costa Rica: Heredia, Organization for Tropical Studies field station at Finca La Selva, near Puerto Viejo, on West River Road, 13.i.1982, J. Coddington, ♂ holotype (MCZ 22902, composite); ♀ allotype (MCZ 24973, composite); general, 10.i.1982, J. Coddington, 4♂ 2♀ (MCZ 53351, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ genitalic drawing); West River Road at OTS, 10.i.1982, J. Coddington, ♀ (MCZ 53358, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108D93ABFF67E03DFED55C7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108D93ABFF67E304FEDA5A43.text	03832D77108D93ABFF67E304FEDA5A43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microdipoena elsae Saaristo 1978	<div><p>Microdipoena elsae</p> <p>Seychelles: Mahe near La Misére, ∼ 600 m elevation, 30.x.1975, M. Saaristo leg., ♂ holotype (ZMTU, AA 0.045, composite); ♀ allotype (ZMTU, AA 0.046, composite); ♂ ♀ (ZMTU, AA 0.273, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing); Big Sister Island, no specific locality, 10.ix.1975, M Muhlenberg, ♀ (MRAC, MYSM-0063).</p> <p>Comoros: Grande Comore, Boboni, sentier (path) Kartala, 24.xi.1983, tamisage (shifting), 1000 m, R Jocque, ♂ (MRAC, MYSM-0064).</p> <p>Congo (DRC): Nord Kivu, PNA, sect. Tshiaberimu, riv. Musavaki, affl. Talya Nord, 15–21.iv.1955, 2720, PVanschuytbroeck RFonteyn, ♀ (MRAC, MYSM-0084).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108D93ABFF67E304FEDA5A43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108D93ABFF67E5E3FBDC5D6F.text	03832D77108D93ABFF67E5E3FBDC5D6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microdipoena guttata Banks 1895	<div><p>Microdipoena guttata</p> <p>USA: Several syntypes in vial with no label (MCZ, presumably from New York, Long Island, under dead leaves in dry woods Levi, 1956). Alabama: Blount Co., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.683334/lat 32.45)">Rickle Cave</a>, 32°27′N 83°41′W, 3.ix.2004, col. P. Paquin, J. Miller, N. Dupérré, D. Caudle ♂ ♀ (USNM, 95% ethanol, LLS-077, ♀ sequenced); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.78333/lat 33.9)">Firelighter Cave</a> #1, 33°54′N 86°47′W, 3.ix.2004, col. P. Paquin, J. Miller, N. Dupérré, D. Caudle, ♂ (USNM, 95% ethanol, LLS-078, ♂ sequenced); Florida, Alachua Co., Forest nr Devil’s Millhopper, Gainesville, 1.viii.1994, from 3-D orb webs, C.E. Griswold, 17♀ 2♂ 2 juvs (CAS, MYSM-0025, ♂ genitalic drawing); Ohio, Champaign Co., no specific data, 26.i.1974, cedar bog – wood, K Menders, 1 juv (MCZ, MYSM-0029); Warren Co., Camp Kern, 17.vii.1980, Beech forest – leaf litter, Tom Bultman, ♂ (MCZ, MYSM-0030); ♂ (MCZ, MYSM-0031); Tennessee, Sullivan Co., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.53333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.48333/lat 36.53333)">Warrior’s Path State Park</a>, 16.vi.1991, mixed hardwoods, 36.53333, −82.48333, C.E.Griswold, 2♀ ♂ (CAS, MYSM-0026); Virginia, Suffolk Co., South Quay, 6mi SSE Franklin, 100 m N Canal, 6.viii-16.ix.2003, SM Roble DFPF, ♂ (VMNH, MYSM-0168); Page Co. Rileyville, Sheridan School Mtn. Campus N38°43′49.2″: W 78°22′58.8″, 300 m, 29.vii.2006, L. Lopardo, D. Dimitrov, ♂ ♀ (MCZ, several specimens, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♀ genitalic drawing).</p> <p>Comoros: Mayotte, Majimbini, maison de la Convalescence, ruines, 21.ii.1998, forest, sieved litter, R Jocque, 2♂ (MRAC, MYSM-0067, ♂ SEM).</p> <p>Congo (DRC): Nord Kivu, PNA, sect. Tshiaberimu, riv. Talya Nord, aff. g. de la Semliki, 26.iii.1954, 2340, PVanschuytbroeck HSynave, ♂ (MRAC, MYSM-0083).</p> <p>Côte d’Ivoire: Appouesso, forêt classée de la Bossematié, station 5B, 2.i.1995, forest, pitfall, R Jocque &amp; RG Tanoh, ♂ (MRAC, MYSM-0069); station 4F, 29.i.1995, forest, pitfall, R Jocque &amp; RG Tanoh, ♂ (MRAC, MYSM-0071); rain forest, pitfall traps, R Jocque &amp; N Séabé, station A,C,F, 1.xii.1994, 4♀ 2♂ (MRAC, MYSM-0073); station B 9-1-0, 29.xi.1993, 2♂ (MRAC, MYSM-0074); station B,C,D,F, 19.ix.1994, 6♂ (MRAC, MYSM-0076, ♂ SEM).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108D93ABFF67E5E3FBDC5D6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108D93ACFCF9E21DFEE25D52.text	03832D77108D93ACFCF9E21DFEE25D52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microdipoena nyungwe Baert 1989	<div><p>Microdipoena nyungwe</p> <p>Rwanda: Forêt de Nyungwe, 7,5 km S de Pindura, rivière Nyungwe, 1850 m, litière de forêt, tamisage, Jocqué, Nsengimana &amp; Michiels, 9.xi.1985, ♂ holotype (MRAC 164.921).</p> <p>Tanzania: Tanga, E. Usambara Mtns., Amani, forest, 5°5.7′S 38°38′E, 950 m, 27.x–9.xi.1995, Griswold, Scharff, Ubick, ♂ ♀ (ZMUC 5599, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing).</p> <p>Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.56333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.593334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.56333/lat -22.593334)">Forêt d’Atsirakambiaty</a>, 7.6 km 285° WNW Itremo, 22°35′36″S, 46°33′48″E, 1550 m, 22–26.i.2003, montane rainforest, general collecting day spiders, Fisher, Griswold et al., BLF7156, 10♀ 4♂ 13juv (CASENT 9017312, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♀ genitalic drawing). Mahajanga: Parc National d’Ankarafantsika, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.143612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.228056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.143612/lat -16.228056)">Forêt de Tsimaloto</a>, 18.3 km 46° NE de Tsaramandroso, 2–8.iv.2001, 16°13′41″S, 46°8′37″E, elev 135 m, tropical dry forest, EF19 sifted litter, Fisher, Griswold et al., BLF3599, 12♀ 4♂ 11juv (CASENT 9007648, 75 % ethanol, LLS-036(♂)-037(♀), ♂ ♀ sequenced); Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93°E Bekopaka, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.828056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.141945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.828056/lat -19.141945)">Tombeau Vazimba</a>, 6–10.XI.2001, 19°8′31″S, 44°49′41″E, elev. 50 m, tropical dry forest, EF19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), B.L. Fisher et al. BLF4232, ♂ (CASENT 9008782). Antsiranana: Nosy Be, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.307583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.415555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.307583/lat -13.415555)">Parc National de Lokobe</a>, 4.95 km 125°ESE Hellville, 13°24′56″S, 048°18′27.3″E, elev 0–200 m, lowland rainforest, 13–16.ii.2003, D. Andriamalala, D. Silva, C. Griswold, H. Ratsirarson, General collecting, day BLF7999, ♀ (CASENT 9005495); ♀ (CASENT 9005496); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.24222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.468888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.24222/lat -12.468888)">Reserve Speciale d’Ambre</a>, 3.5 km 235°SW Sakaramy, 26–31.i.2001, 12°28′8″S, 49°14′32″E, Elev. 325 m, tropical dry forest, EF22 pitfall trap, general coll. Day, Fisher, Griswold et al., BLF2655, 3♂ ♀ (CASENT 9006768); J.J. Rafanomezantsoa et al., JJR0115, 2♀ 2♂ (CASENT 9004613); Montagne des Français, 7.2 km, 142° SE Antsiranana (= <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.338055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.322778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.338055/lat -12.322778)">Diego Suarez</a>), 12°19′22″S, 49°20′17″E, Elev 180 m, 22–28.ii.2001, tropical dry forest, EF19 sifted litter, Fisher, Griswold et al., BLF3128, ♀ (CASENT 9007145). Toamasina: Res. Analamazaotra, Parc National Andasibe, 23 road km E <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.417557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.943943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.417557/lat -18.943943)">Moramanga</a>, 18°56′38″S, 48°25′3″E, 18°56′38.2″S, 48°25′03.2″E, elev 960 m, 16–18.i.2003, general collecting day, rainforest, C. Griswold, D. Silva, D. Andriamalala, BLF7993, ♂ juv (CASENT 9018286); Toliara: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.71&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.843334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.71/lat -22.843334)">Parc National de Zombitse</a>, 19.8 km 84° E Sakaraha, 22°50′36″S, 44°42′36″E, el. 770 m, 5–9.ii.2003, dry forest on sandy soil, general collecting day spiders, Fisher, Griswold et al., BLF7512, ♂ (CASENT 9005786). Antananarivo: R. S. d’Ambohitantely, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.27889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.225084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.27889/lat -18.225084)">Forêt d’Ambohitantely</a>, primary forest, ca. 20.9 km 72° NE d’Ankazobe, 18°13′30.3″S, 47°16′44″E, Elev. 1574 m, montane rainforest, Ludd /raking, 19.iii.2003, D. Andriamalala, D. Silva, et al., DSD0037, 4♀ ♂ 12juv (CASENT 9014984).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108D93ACFCF9E21DFEE25D52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108A93ACFF53E2DEFD005AC3.text	03832D77108A93ACFF53E2DEFD005AC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isela Griswold 1985	<div><p>Kilifina-MYSM-002- KENYA (Isela)</p> <p>Kenya: Coastal Prov., Kilifi (?), 20 Km S Malindi, Kilifi, nr. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.33333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.01667/lat -3.33333)">Gede</a>, 16.xi.1992, on diplurids webs, −3.33333, 40.01667, V&amp; B Roth, 4♀ 2 juvs (CAS, MYSM-0018); Kwale, 30 Km S Mombasa, 12.xi.1992, on diplurids webs, −4.16667, 39.66667, V&amp; B Roth, ♀ 2♂ 1 juv (CAS, MYSM-0019); 3♀ 5♂ (CAS, MYSM-0021); 39°40′E 4°10′S, 8♀ 7♂ 2 juvs (CAS, MYSM-0020, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing). Tsavo, Taita <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.666668/lat -4.1666665)">Discovery Center</a>, gala camp, 29.iii.2000, wet area with dd trees, R Jocque, ♀ (MRAC, MYSM-0062).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108A93ACFF53E2DEFD005AC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108A93ACFCE5E025FB1D5D6F.text	03832D77108A93ACFCE5E025FB1D5D6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmena Simon 1894	<div><p>MYSM-007- MEX (Mysmena)</p> <p>Mexico: Chiapas, Ocosingo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.04314&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.793388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.04314/lat 16.793388)">Monumento Natural Bonampak</a>, 16°43′ 32.5″ N, 91°04′ 43.4″ W, EPE07 207 m. 26.x–2.xi.2005. F. Alvarez, L. Lopardo &amp; J. Castelo leg (BONA-01; 28.x.2005), 6♀ 3♂ 1sub ♀ (GWU, 80% ethanol, LLS-066, ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing, ♀ sequenced); Arroyo Nayte Loc 1, Sierra de la Cojolita, 16°47′ 36.2″ N, 91°02′ 35.3″ W EPE06, 202 m. 26.x– 2.xi.2005. F. Alvarez, L. Lopardo &amp; J. Castelo leg. (NAYTE-01; 27.x.2005), ♂ (GWU / MCZ, composite); ♀ (GWU / MCZ, R2:f13-21, composite); ♂ (GWU / MCZ, R2 - f6-12, SEM); Ejido Nueva Argentina, Laguna Miramar, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-91.241554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.393389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -91.241554/lat 16.393389)">Reserva de la Biósfera Montes Azules</a>, 16°23′ 36.2″ N, 91°14′ 29.6″ W, EPE07 150 m. 23–25.x.2005. F. Alvarez, L. Lopardo &amp; J. Castelo leg (MIRA-01; 23.x.2005), ♀ (GWU / MCZ, R1 -f10-14, SEM).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108A93ACFCE5E025FB1D5D6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108A93ACFCE5E21DFC7A5A5D.text	03832D77108A93ACFCE5E21DFC7A5A5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmena Simon 1894	<div><p>Mysmena-MYSM-015-MAD (Mysmena)</p> <p>Madagascar: Antananarivo: R. S. d’Ambohitantely, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.27889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.225084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.27889/lat -18.225084)">Forêt d’Ambohitantely</a>, primary forest, ca. 20.9 km 72° NE d’Ankazobe, 18°13′30.3″S, 47°16′44″E, Elev. 1574 m, montane rainforest, General coll., 20–21.iii.2003, Ldd, D. Andriamalala, D.Silva, et al., DSD0040, 15♀ 13♂ 5juv (CASENT 9015033, 75 % ethanol, LLS-020(♂), LLS-021(♀), ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♀ genitalic drawing, ♂ ♀ sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108A93ACFCE5E21DFC7A5A5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108A93ACFCE5E5E3FA8C5812.text	03832D77108A93ACFCE5E5E3FA8C5812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmena Simon 1894	<div><p>Mysmena-MYSM-018-MAD (Mysmena)</p> <p>Madagascar: Mahajanga: Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93°E Bekopaka, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.828056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.141945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.828056/lat -19.141945)">Tombeau Vazimba</a>, 6–10.XI.2001, 19°8′31″S, 44°49′41″E, elev. 50 m, tropical dry forest, EF19 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), B.L. Fisher et al. BLF4232, ♂ ♀ (CASENT 9008782, several specimens, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite); Antsiranana: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.24222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.468888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.24222/lat -12.468888)">Reserve Speciale d’Ambre</a>, 3.5 km 235°SW Sakaramy, 26–31.i.2001, 12°28′8″S, 49°14′32″E, Elev. 325 m, tropical dry forest, general coll. Day, J.J. Rafanomezantsoa et al., JJR0115, 3♀ 3♂ 3juv, 2♀ ♂ 2juv, 2♀ 2♂ 3juv, 4♀ 2♂ 2juv, 59♀ 25♂, 14♀ 3♂ 7juv, ♂ 3♀, ♀ 3♂ (CASENT 9004612, 75 % ethanol, LLS-038(♂), LLS-039(♀), ♂ ♀ sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108A93ACFCE5E5E3FA8C5812	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108A93ACFF53E46EFA905F17.text	03832D77108A93ACFF53E46EFA905F17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmena Simon 1894	<div><p>MYSM-005-ARG (Mysmena)</p> <p>Argentina: Misiones, San Pedro, P. Prov. Cruce Caballero, 13–16.i.2005, CC-Salto, manual, −26.46667, −53.96667, Grismado, Lopardo, Piacentini, Quaglino, Rubio, 2♀ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0088); ♀ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0093); ♀ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0095); ♂ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0096); 6♀ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0104); ♂ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0107); 26°28′00″S, 053°58′00″W, ♀ (MACN-Ar, 95% ethanol, MYSM-0173, LLS-069, sequenced). P.N. Iguazu: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.44917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.67861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.44917/lat -25.67861)">Sendero Macuco</a> y Picadas aledañas, 18–21.i.2005, manual (coll. Grismado, Lopardo, Piacentini, Quaglino, Rubio), 25°40′43″S, 054°26′57″W, ♂ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0099, ♂ composite); 5♀ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0100, ♀ composite); 2♂ 3♀ 1 juv (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0101, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing); ♀ (MACN-Ar, 95% ethanol, MYSM-0172, LLS-068, ♀ sequenced); −25.67861, −54.44917, 1 juv (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0102); 3♀ 3 juv (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0103); sendero macuco, 8–15 Feb 1995, manual, M.J. Ramírez, ♀ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0123); RN 101, 6 Km E seccional Yacuy, 14–16 Dec 1999, manual, M.J. Ramírez y L. Lopardo, 2♀ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0126); area Cataratas, 11–16 Dec 1999, manual, M.J. Ramírez y L. Lopardo, 2♀ (MACN-Ar, MYSM-0133).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108A93ACFF53E46EFA905F17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108A93ADFCE5E71EFEB15F36.text	03832D77108A93ADFCE5E71EFEB15F36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmeninae Petrunkevitch 1928	<div><p>MYSM-019-MAD (Mysmeninae)</p> <p>Madagascar: Mahajanga: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.04861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.267221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.04861/lat -16.267221)">Réserve d’Ankoririka</a>, 10.6km 13° NE de Tsaramandroso, 9–14.iv.2001, 16°16′2″S, 46°2′55″E, Elev 210 m, tropical dry forest, EF22 pitfall trap, Fisher, Griswold et al., BLF3662, ♀ (CASENT 9007770, composite). Toliara: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.121387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.524166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.121387/lat -23.524166)">Forêt de Mite</a>, 20.7 km 29° WNW Tongobory, 23°31′27″S, 44°7′17″E, el. 75 m, 27.ii–3.iii.2002, gallery forest, ER27 pitfall trap, coll. B.L.Fisher et al., BLF5848, 1♀ 4♂, 1♀ 2♂ (CASENT 9014427, 75 % ethanol, LLS-034(♂), LLS-035(♀), ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing, ♂ (♀) sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108A93ADFCE5E71EFEB15F36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFF67E7D8FAB05ED5.text	03832D77108B93ADFF67E7D8FAB05ED5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmena leichhardti (Lopardo & Michalik 2013)	<div><p>Mysmena leichhardti (as Mysmena-MYSM-017- AUST in Lopardo et al., 2011)</p> <p>Australia: Queensland: Atherton Plateau, Rose Gums Wilderness Retreat, waterfall trail, around waterfall, rainforest, S17°18′51.1″ E145°42′08.6″, 770 m, 15.iii.2006, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, ♂ ♀ (GWU, many specimens, ATOL sequence: ARAGH000063 (GH0154), 95% ethanol, LL-AU-13, LLS-062, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing, ♀ sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFF67E7D8FAB05ED5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFCF9E05CFB725FB8.text	03832D77108B93ADFCF9E05CFB725FB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmena leucoplagiata (Simon 1879)	<div><p>Mysmena leucoplagiata</p> <p>France: Gallia merid., (Hierzu G. Mikro-Pràp.), ♀ type (MNHN AR 10982, composite); ♂ type (MNHN AR 10979, composite, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFCF9E05CFB725FB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFF67E4F3FE19585A.text	03832D77108B93ADFF67E4F3FE19585A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmena Simon 1894	<div><p>MYSM-034-MAD (Mysmena)</p> <p>Madagascar: Antsiranana: Nosy Be, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.307583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.415555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.307583/lat -13.415555)">Parc National de Lokobe</a>, 4.95 km 125°ESE Hellville, 13°24′56″S, 048°18′27.3″E, elev 0–200 m, lowland rainforest, 13– 16.ii.2003, D. Andriamalala, C. Griswold, H. Ratsirarson, D. Silva; General collecting, day BLF7999, 7♀ (CASENT 9005464, 75 % ethanol, LLS-031, ♀ SEM, ♀ composite, ♀ sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFF67E4F3FE19585A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFF67E20CFE7F5A6B.text	03832D77108B93ADFF67E20CFE7F5A6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmena Simon 1894	<div><p>MYSM-028-MAD (Mysmena)</p> <p>Madagascar: Antsiranana: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.24222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.468888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.24222/lat -12.468888)">Reserve Speciale d’Ambre</a>, 3.5 km 235°SW Sakaramy, 26–31.i.2001, 12°28′8″S, 49°14′32″E, Elev. 325 m, tropical dry forest, general coll. Day, J.J. Rafanomezantsoa et al., JJR0115 (CAS), 5♀ (CASENT 9004610, 75 % ethanol, LLS-025, ♀ SEM, ♀ composite, ♀ sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFF67E20CFE7F5A6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFCF9E0B9FC275A32.text	03832D77108B93ADFCF9E0B9FC275A32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmena tasmaniae Hickman 1979	<div><p>Mysmena tasmaniae</p> <p>Australia: Tasmania: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.633335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.9/lat -42.633335)">Maxwell River Valley</a>, SW Tasmania, 42°38′S 145°54′E, 5.i.1978, L. Hill et al. ♂ holotype (AMS KS 2711), ♀ allotype (AMS KS 9625); SW Tasmania, 31.i.1977, L. Hill et al. ♂ (AMS KS 34486, SEM, genitalic drawing); Newall Creek, Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers N.P., 9.57km 177° S Queenstown, Nothofagus rainforest, S42°09′37.1″ E145°32′20.1″, 159 m, 10.iii.2006, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, 2♂ ∼ 10♀ (GWU, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♀ genitalic drawing); <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=41.64125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-177.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 41.64125/lat -177.0)">Cradle Mountain-Lake St.</a> Clair N.P., near Waldheim cabins, 22.6 km 202° SWS Moina, Nothofagus forest, S41°38′28.5″ E145°56′26.5″, 926 m, 5.iii.2006, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, sub ♂ (GWU, ATOL seq ARAGH000062 (GH0153), 95% ethanol, LL-AU-04, LLS-061, sequenced); Lottah Road, 25.1km 284° WNW St Helens, disturbed Nothofagus forest, S41°13′04.0″ E147°59′06.2″, 550 m, 7.iii.2006, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, ♀ (GWU, 95% ethanol, LL-AU-xx, LLS-089, sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFCF9E0B9FC275A32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFCF9E532FC305B17.text	03832D77108B93ADFCF9E532FC305B17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenella illectrix (Simon 1895)	<div><p>Mysmenella illectrix</p> <p>Philippines: Manila, E Simon, no date, ♂ holotype (MNHN 11461, AR 10983).</p> <p>Northern Mariana Islands: SAIPAN, As Lito. (Site #101), 15 07 35 N, 145 43 30 E, 60 m asl, 09.2001–02.2002, E. Benjamin leg., ♂ (ZMTU, composite, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFCF9E532FC305B17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFCF9E419FA0A58FD.text	03832D77108B93ADFCF9E419FA0A58FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenella jobi (Kraus 1967)	<div><p>Mysmenella jobi</p> <p>Germany: Mainz-Gonsenheim, Gonsenheimer Wald, V. Job leg, 20.iv.1967, ♂ holotype (SMF 12958, genitalic drawing); v–vii.1967, pitfall trap, ♀ paratype (SMF 12959, genitalic drawing).</p> <p>France: No locality data, ♂ (MNHN AR 10984, composite, misidentified specimen: ‘3036 Mysmena leucoplagiata, ♂ type (?) – Gall.merid. – Dresco rev.’).</p> <p>Italy: Sudtirol, Guntschna, 470 m, b. Bozen.; D.F. Noflatscher, 1988, ♀ (NMW 14995, composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFCF9E419FA0A58FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFCF9E787FA9B5940.text	03832D77108B93ADFCF9E787FA9B5940.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenella samoensis (Marples 1955)	<div><p>Mysmenella samoensis</p> <p>Samoa: Upolu, under stones and vegetation, 1974, BJ Marples, ♂ ♀ syntypes (BMNH 1974.159, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFCF9E787FA9B5940	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFF67E03FFED35C1E.text	03832D77108B93ADFF67E03FFED35C1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmeninae Petrunkevitch 1928	<div><p>MYSM-020-MAD (Mysmeninae)</p> <p>Madagascar: Toamasina: Res. Analamazaotra, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.4175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.943888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.4175/lat -18.943888)">Parc National Andasibe</a>, 23 road km E Moramanga, 18°56′38″S, 48°25′3″E, el 960 m, 16–18.i.2003, general collecting day, rainforest, C. Griswold, D. Silva, D. Andriamalala, BLF7993, 6♂ (CASENT 9018285, 75 % ethanol, LLS-016, ♂ SEM, ♂ composite, ♂ genitalic drawing, ♂ sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFF67E03FFED35C1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFF67E324FDA25D65.text	03832D77108B93ADFF67E324FDA25D65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmeninae Petrunkevitch 1928	<div><p>MYSM-023-MAD (Mysmeninae)</p> <p>Madagascar: Antananarivo: 3 km 41° NE <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.96&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.473333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.96/lat -18.473333)">Andranomay</a>, 11.5 km 147° SSE Anjozorobe, 5–13.xii.2000, 18°28′24″S, 47°57′36″E, Elev. 1300 m, montane rainforest, general collecting, Griswold et al., BLF2543, 26♀ 17♂ 6juv, 2♀, 24♀, 1♂ 1juv (CASENT 9004228, 75 % ethanol, LLS-033(♀), LLS-032(♂), ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing, ♂ ♀ sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFF67E324FDA25D65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108B93ADFF67E50AFDE15B73.text	03832D77108B93ADFF67E50AFDE15B73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmeninae Petrunkevitch 1928	<div><p>MYSM-029-MAD (Mysmeninae)</p> <p>Madagascar: Antsiranana: Nosy Be, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.307583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.415555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.307583/lat -13.415555)">Parc National de Lokobe</a>, 4.95 km 125°ESE Hellville, 13°24′56″S, 048°18′27.3″E, elev 0–200 m, lowland rainforest, 13– 16.ii.2003, D. Andriamalala, C. Griswold, H. Ratsirarson, D. Silva; General collecting, day BLF7999, ♀♀ (CASENT 9005464, 75 % ethanol, LLS-027, ♀ SEM, ♀ composite, ♀ genitalic drawing, ♀ sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108B93ADFF67E50AFDE15B73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFF53E1BCFD7B5F17.text	03832D77108893AEFF53E1BCFD7B5F17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmeniola spinifera Thaler 1995	<div><p>Mysmeniola spinifera</p> <p>Venezuela: San Carlos de Rio Negro, Amazonas-Regenwald, 110 m, Bodenfalle Kübelböck, 21–28.i.1980, ♂ holotype (MHNG, composite, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFF53E1BCFD7B5F17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFF53E00DFEF15C28.text	03832D77108893AEFF53E00DFEF15C28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenopsis cidrelicola (Simon 1895)	<div><p>Mysmenopsis cidrelicola</p> <p>Venezuela: Colonia Tovar, E Simon(?), 1895(?), ♂ lectotype (presumably) and 2♂ paralectotypes (presumably, MNHN AR-2407, ♂ SEM, ♂ composite, ♂ genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFF53E00DFEF15C28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFF53E33DFEB65DCC.text	03832D77108893AEFF53E33DFEB65DCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenopsis dipluramigo Platnick & Shadab 1978	<div><p>Mysmenopsis dipluramigo</p> <p>Colombia: Chocó, Km 15 carretera Quibdó-Yuto, 24.iv.1984, Kleptoparasites of Uruchus – Dipluridae, 85 m, N. Paz S., 4♀ ♂ (MCZ 51286, MYSM-0040).</p> <p>Panama: Bayano Region, upper Rio Maje, 11.vi.1976, in webs of Dipluridae sp., L. Kirkendal, ♂ ♀ (MCZ 51287, MYSM-0039); Coclé, 5 mi. SO. of El Valle, 11.i.1958, AM Chickering, 2♀ (MCZ 51286, MYSM-0041); 9♀ 4♂ 2 juvs (MCZ 51292, MYSM-0043, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing); El Valle, vii.1936, AM Chickering, ♂ (MCZ 51288, MYSM-0042).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFF53E33DFEB65DCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFF53E558FEF85ABB.text	03832D77108893AEFF53E558FEF85ABB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenopsis femoralis Simon 1897	<div><p>Mysmenopsis femoralis</p> <p>Saint Vincent: British West Indies, 2 ♀ syntypes (BMNH BM 1897.9.18.461–464); 2 ♀ (possibly syntypes, MNHN AR 1062).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFF53E558FEF85ABB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFF53E5A9FD505803.text	03832D77108893AEFF53E5A9FD505803.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenopsis palpalis (Kraus 1955)	<div><p>Mysmenopsis palpalis</p> <p>Honduras: Copán, H Peters, 9.ix.1951, ♂ holotype (SMF 8700/1); 3♂ 7♀ paratypes (SMF 8701).</p> <p>Guatemala: Alta Verapaz, Lanquin nr Gruta, 5.ii.1980, V&amp; B Roth, ♂ (CAS, MYSM-0022).</p> <p>Mexico: Chiapas, Tapachula, viii.1909, no collector, ♂ ♀ (MCZ 51294, MYSM-0036); Veracruz, La Buena Ventura, 7-?-09?, ♂ ♀ (AMNH, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFF53E5A9FD505803	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFF53E711FE5D5940.text	03832D77108893AEFF53E711FE5D5940.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenopsis penai Platnick & Shadab 1978	<div><p>Mysmenopsis penai</p> <p>Ecuador: Napo, Coca, Río Napo, v.1965, L. Peña, ♂ holotype (MCZ).</p> <p>Colombia: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.41666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.25/lat -0.41666666)">Amazonas</a>, Rio Pira and Apaporis, 00°25′00″S, 070°15′00″W, 7–16.ii.1989 (coll. V&amp; B Roth), 11♀ 2♂ 1sub ♂ (CAS, MYSM-0023, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFF53E711FE5D5940	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFCE5E1BCFB505F36.text	03832D77108893AEFCE5E1BCFB505F36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phricotelus stelliger Simon 1895	<div><p>Phricotelus stelliger</p> <p>Sri Lanka: Ins. Taprobane/ Ceylan, ♀ type (MNHN AR 1068, composite, genitalic drawing).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFCE5E1BCFB505F36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFCE5E03DFB4C5FF9.text	03832D77108893AEFCE5E03DFB4C5FF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tamasesia acuminata Marples 1955	<div><p>Tamasesia acuminata</p> <p>Samoa: Upolu, at 1500 ft. from epiphytes in forest, col. BJ Marples, ♂ ♀ syntypes (BMNH 1974.192, ♀ SEM, ♂ composite); Upolu (same data as types? no other label in vial), ♀ (AMNH, composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFCE5E03DFB4C5FF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFCE5E37EFB4C5CBB.text	03832D77108893AEFCE5E37EFB4C5CBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tamasesia rotunda Marples 1955	<div><p>Tamasesia rotunda</p> <p>Samoa: Upolu, under stones, col. BJ Marples, ♂ ♀ syntypes (BMNH 1974.194, ♀ SEM, ♂ composite, ♂ genitalic drawing); Upolu (same data as types? no other label in vial), ♀ (AMNH, composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFCE5E37EFB4C5CBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFCE5E3BBFAF75D7E.text	03832D77108893AEFCE5E3BBFAF75D7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogloneta cantareira (Brescovit & Lopardo 2008)	<div><p>Trogloneta cantareira</p> <p>Brazil: Sao Paulo, Cotia, Reserva do Morro Alto, 18–28.vi.2002, Equipe Biota col., ♂ ♀ (USNM, ex IBSP 59785, MYSM-0169, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ genitalic drawing); ♀ (USNM, ex IBSP 59786, MYSM-0170, ♀ SEM).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFCE5E3BBFAF75D7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AEFCE5E204FB425B02.text	03832D77108893AEFCE5E204FB425B02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogloneta granulum Simon 1922	<div><p>Trogloneta granulum</p> <p>France: Dépt du Lot: Grotte de la Finou, com. et cant. de Livernon, lectotypes designated by Brignoli (1970) (MNHN AR 10974, 25370, one presumably juvenile on vial, no ♂ or ♀).</p> <p>Czech Republic: South Bohemia (Jihocˇeský Kraj), Blanský Les Protected Landscape Area, Vysoká Beˇta, 780–790 m, 5.ix.2006, J. Hajer, V. Ru ˚ žicˇka, ♂ ♀ (GWU, J. Hajer donation, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing).</p> <p>Austria: Styria: Ennstaler Alpen, Gesäuse, 700 m, 2.x.1973, K. Thaler, 2♀ (NMW 4529).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AEFCE5E204FB425B02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108893AFFC1EE412FD275CAE.text	03832D77108893AFFC1EE412FD275CAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symphytognathidae Hickman 1931	<div><p>SYMPHYTOGNATHIDAE</p> <p>Patu-SYMP-001-DR</p> <p>Dominican Republic: Barahona Prov., Paraíso, Reserva Natural Cachote, cloud forest and secondary growth. N 18°05′54.8″: W 71°11′22.0″, 1220 m, 6–9.IV.2005. G. Hormiga, F. Alvarez &amp; S. Benjamin, 44♀ 7♂ (GWU / MCZ, 80% ethanol, LLS-083, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♀ sequenced).</p> <p>SYMP-002-MAD</p> <p>Madagascar: Mahajanga: Réserve d’Ankoririka, 10.6km 13° NE de Tsaramandroso, 9–14.iv.2001, 16°16′2″S, 46°2′55″E, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.04861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.267221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.04861/lat -16.267221)">Elev</a> 210 m, tropical dry forest, EF19 sifted litter, Fisher, Griswold et al., BLF3664, 6♀ 9♂ 6juv (CASENT 9007800, 75 % ethanol, LLS-009(♂), LLS-010(♀), ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ sequenced).</p> <p>SYMP-006- AUST</p> <p>Australia: Queensland: Atherton Plateau, Rose Gums Wilderness Retreat, waterfall trail, around waterfall, rainforest, S17°18′51.1″ E145°42′08.6″, 770 m, 15.iii.2006, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, 2♀, ♀, ♀, ♂ sub ♂, ♀, ♀, ♂ (GWU, 95% ethanol, LL-AU-11, LLS-087, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ [R4.f15-19,24] ♀ [R6.f3-9] composite, ♀ genitalic drawing, ♀ sequenced).</p> <p>SYMP-007- AUST</p> <p>Australia: Queensland: Atherton Plateau, Rose Gums Wilderness Retreat, waterfall trail, around waterfall, rainforest, S17°18′51.1″ E145°42′08.6″, 770 m, 15.iii.2006, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, 3♀ (GWU, 95% ethanol, LL-AU-12, LLS-084, SEM, composite, sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108893AFFC1EE412FD275CAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108993AFFF67E52AFE375B5D.text	03832D77108993AFFF67E52AFE375B5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cepheia longiseta	<div><p>Cepheia longiseta</p> <p>France: Gallia; coll. Simon; 4538, b.849, 14♀ 18♂ 3 juv paralectotypes (MNHN-AR1059, MYSM-0171, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♂ ♀ composite, ♂ ♀ genitalic drawing); Banyuls, no collector, ♂ sub ♂ (MNHN, MYSM-0177).</p> <p>Italy: South Tirol, Bolzano Province, Bolzano / Guntschna (= Guncinà), 27.vi.1988, 470, Noflatscher, 2♀ ♂ (NMW 14994, MYSM-0176). No locality data, no collector, ♂ (MNHN, MYSM-0178).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108993AFFF67E52AFE375B5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108993AFFCF9E21CFB105A81.text	03832D77108993AFFCF9E21CFB105A81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coddingtonia euryopoides	<div><p>Coddingtonia euryopoides</p> <p>Thailand: Chiang Mai Prov., Doi Inthanon NP, cloud forest, Kew Mae Pan Nature trail, N 18°33′19.9″; E 98°28′56.4″, 2170 m, 4–5.X.2003, ATOL Expedition 2003, 5♀ ♂ (USNM, ♂ ♀ SEM, ♀ composite); 2sub ♂ (USNM, 95% ethanol, LLS-043, sub ♂ sequenced); 1 ha. inventory, ca. 500 m from checkpoint at intersect. rd. summit/Mae Chaem, wet primary forest, N 18°31′47.9″; E 98°30′9.0″, ca. 1800 m, 6–7.X.2003, ATOL Expedition 2003, ♀ (USNM, 95% ethanol, LLS-052, ♀ genitalic drawing, ♀ sequenced).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108993AFFCF9E21CFB105A81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108993AFFF67E7F1FEE458D3.text	03832D77108993AFFF67E7F1FEE458D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucauge venusta	<div><p>Leucauge venusta</p> <p>USA: District of Columbia, near Rock Creek Park, 18.v.2007, Lopardo, Dimitrov, Álvarez-Padilla, ♂ ♀ (GWU, composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108993AFFF67E7F1FEE458D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108993AFFCF9E0D1FBD95C75.text	03832D77108993AFFCF9E0D1FBD95C75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Steatoda americana (Emerton 1882)	<div><p>Steatoda americana</p> <p>USA: West Virginia, Berkeley County, Sleepy Creek Hunt &amp; Fish Area, 6–13.VI.1986, Third hill Mtn. Oak-Pine Forest. P.J. Martinat unbaited pitfall trap 4 NEW N.E., 4♂ (USNM, composite); pitfall trap 5 NEW N.W., ♀ (USNM, composite).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108993AFFCF9E0D1FBD95C75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108993AFFF67E3DAFEFF5DC7.text	03832D77108993AFFF67E3DAFEFF5DC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symphytognatha picta	<div><p>Symphytognatha picta</p> <p>Australia: Western Australia: Tinglewood, near cabins, 6.98km 5° N <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.91417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.91417/lat 5.0)">Walpole</a>, disturbed eucalypt forest, S 34°54′51.0″ E 116°43′50.9″, 185 m, 24.ii.2006, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, ♂ (GWU, ATOL seq ARAGH000064 (GH0155), 95% ethanol, LL-AU-01, LLS-063, composite, genitalic drawing, sequenced); Giant Red Tingle Tree, Walpole-Nornalup N.P., 5.29km 104° ESE Walpole, eucalypt forest, S34°58′57.3″ E116°47′23.3″, 87 m, 25.ii.2006, C.E. Griswold, ♂ (GWU, OZCG-02, SEM).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108993AFFF67E3DAFEFF5DC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108993AFFF67E4E8FEBC580D.text	03832D77108993AFFF67E4E8FEBC580D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synaphris saphrynis	<div><p>Synaphris saphrynis</p> <p>Spain: Toledo, Huecas, 29.v.2003, Antonio Melic, 5739BAM, 30T-395937, ♂ holotype (MNCN) 7♂ paratypes (MCNC, AMNH, MCZ, CAS, MYSM-0027, ♂ SEM, ♂ composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108993AFFF67E4E8FEBC580D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108993AFFF67E666FBBA5F17.text	03832D77108993AFFF67E666FBBA5F17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetragnatha versicolor	<div><p>Tetragnatha versicolor</p> <p>USA: Georgia: Rabun Co., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.996113" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.115/lat 34.996113)">Ellicott Rock Willderness Area</a>, 1 km SW Ellicott Rock, cove hardwood for., 750– 800 m., 22.v.1993, 34°59′ 46″N 83°06′ 54″W, Bond, Dellinger, Dobyns, Hour 1, R. site 2, beating, day, ♀ (USNM, composite); Hour 6, R. site 3, beating, day, ♂ (USNM, composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108993AFFF67E666FBBA5F17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D77108993AFFCF9E3B7FADA5D11.text	03832D77108993AFFCF9E3B7FADA5D11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Theridiosoma gemmosum	<div><p>Theridiosoma gemmosum</p> <p>USA: District of Columbia, near Rock Creek Park, 18.v.2007, Lopardo, Dimitrov, Álvarez-Padilla, ♀ (GWU, several specimens), ♀ (SEM), ♀ (composite).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D77108993AFFCF9E3B7FADA5D11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7710BD939BFE81E262FBB75B21.text	03832D7710BD939BFE81E262FBB75B21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maymena Gertsch 1960	<div><p>MAYMENA GERTSCH, 1960</p> <p>(FIGS 10–16, 128B, D, E, 131I, J, 140M–O, 141A–I, 147D,E: CLADE C168)</p> <p>Maymena Gertsch, 1960a: 30–38. Gertsch, 1971: 94–95. Brignoli, 1974: 224. Baert, 1990: 17. Platnick, in Eberhard, Platnick &amp; Schuh, 1993: 11. Griswold et al., 1998: 63.</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Maymena mayana (Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1938) by original designation, type material in MCZ, not examined.</p> <p>Familial placement and composition</p> <p>Transferred to Mysmenidae from Symphytognathidae by Forster &amp; Platnick (1977). Maymena is closely related to Mysmenopsinae in our working phylogenetic hypothesis (Fig. 161B). Currently, Maymena comprises 13 described species (Platnick, 2014), and it is represented here by three described plus three undescribed species (the latter species scored only for molecular data): M. mayana, M. ambita, M. rica, Maymena -MYSM-003- ARG, Maymena -MYSM-004- MEX, and Maymena - MYSM-016- ARG).</p> <p>Monophyly</p> <p>Morphological synapomorphies of Maymena include: posterior lateral spinnerets with an anterior flat spatulate modified seta (Fig. 11H); aciniform gland spigots of the posterior spinnerets of two different shapes (Fig. 13D); seta on major ampullate field with one row of long ‘branches’ (Figs 11E, 13C, 16B); leg spination (i.e. macrosetae occurring on tibiae, femora, and metatarsi; Figs 140M, 141C); and males with cylindrical palpal tibia (Fig. 10A). Ambiguously optimized synapomorphies for Maymena include: males with a femoral spot at least on femur I; metatarsal clasping spine particularly proximal (Fig. 16G); embolus rim deeply grooved (Fig. 10H); the primary cymbial conductor apically bent over the ventral side (Fig. 10D, G); epiandrous fusules dispersed in a row (Figs 12B, 16A); and macrosetae on female palpal tarsus (Figs 13A, 15A). Maymena is one of the few clades in this data set that is strongly supported and stable, and its monophyly is supported by most data partitions and parameter combinations. The genus is also supported by 125 molecular synapomorphies.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Maymena shares with Mysmeninae the anterior flat spatulate modified seta on PLS and the aciniform gland spigots of two different shapes; with Trogloneta the presence of femoral spot on males; and with Mysmenopsinae the dispersed male epiandrous fusules, the macrosetae on female palpal tarsus, the leg spination, and the absence of tegular conductor (see also Gertsch, 1960a). Maymena differs from all other mysmenid genera by the combination of the aforementioned features, and by the presence of one row of long ‘branches’ on the major ampullate field seta, males with cylindrical palpal tibia, metatarsal clasping spine particularly proximal, seemingly interacting with the particularly distal tibial clasping spine in most species, and the male palpal morphology, with primary cymbial conductor apically bent over the ventral side. In addition, the respiratory arrangement distinguishes Maymena from other mysmenids. It consists of anterior booklungs and two long lateral tracheal tubes and two shorter median apodemes arising from a narrow posterior single spiracle (L. Lopardo, P. Michalik &amp; G. Hormiga, unpubl. data; also Gertsch, 1960a).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710BD939BFE81E262FBB75B21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7710BD939CFC1AE41FFAA95A81.text	03832D7710BD939CFC1AE41FFAA95A81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogloneta Simon 1922	<div><p>TROGLONETA SIMON 1922</p> <p>(FIGS 63, 64, 65B–H, 66–68, 128F, 131E, F, 142C: CLADE C192)</p> <p>Trogloneta Simon, 1922: 200 (Troglonata, lapsus calami). Simon, 1926: 313. Fage, 1931: 143. Gertsch, 1960a: 12. Levi &amp; Levi, 1962: 64. Brignoli, 1970: 1409. Thaler, 1975: 284. Wunderlich, 1980b: 267. Brignoli, 1983: 380. Wunderlich, 1987: 139–140. Heimer &amp; Nentwig, 1991: 306. Breuss, 2001: 187. Brescovit &amp; Lopardo, 2008: 94–104.</p> <p>Parogulnius Archer, 1953: 20. Gertsch, 1960a: 10 (synonymized with Trogloneta). Brignoli, 1970: 1410 (rejected synonymy, transfer to Theridiosomatidae). Coddington, 1986a: 6 (placed in Theridiosomatidae as incertae sedis). Lopardo &amp; Coddington, 2005: 176 (suggested placement within Mysmenidae, no formal taxonomic action).</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Trogloneta granulum Simon 1922 by original designation, type material in MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Familial placement and composition</p> <p>Transferred to Symphytognathidae from Theridiidae by Gertsch (1960a), and to Mysmenidae from Symphytognathidae by Forster &amp; Platnick (1977). In the working phylogenetic hypothesis (Fig. 161B), Trogloneta is sister to the clade comprising Maymena plus Mysmenopsinae. Currently, Trogloneta includes nine described species (Platnick, 2014), and it is here represented by two described plus four undescribed species (the latter species have been scored for molecular data only): T. granulum, T. cantareira, Trogloneta sp-Rix-AUST, Trogloneta -MYSM-022- ARG, Trogloneta -MYSM-024- CHILE, and Trogloneta - MYSM-025- CHILE).</p> <p>Monophyly</p> <p>Morphological synapomorphies of Trogloneta include: a third additional anterior field on ALS (Figs 64C, 66F); minute colulus (Figs 64D, 67F, 68C); minute AME (Fig. 67G); posterior median eyes separated (Fig. 67H); triangular labium, not swollen (Figs 63I, 66H); uniform coloration on dorsal abdomen, but distinctly lighter ventral abdomen, with whitish extended coloration posteriorly; no abdominal supra-pedicellate nubbins; lateral copulatory ducts–spermathecae junction; two spermstorage compartments per spermatheca (Fig. 128F); accessory glands on vulva (Fig. 64A); female distal ventral sclerotized spot only on femur I; males with all eyes on tubercle (Figs 63G, H, 66A); carapace height dimorphism (i.e. male carapace higher than female, compare Figs 63G and 64E); bifid embolus (Figs 63E, 66E); tegular groove acting as conductor (Figs 63E, 66C); no switchbacks I and II on the spermatic duct (Fig. 131E, F); a flat and blunt primary cymbial conductor with a particular half circle shape (Fig. 63B, C), and particular cymbial shape, flat and tapering (Fig. 63C), with basal paracymbium (Fig. 63A), and with internal cymbial tarsal organ (Fig. 63B, F). Ambiguously optimized synapomorphies for Trogloneta include: anterior reduced booklungs (Fig. 67C); posterior respiratory system, with single median apodemal structure (Fig. 64B); epigynal area elevated ventrally and smooth uniform proximal copulatory ducts of increased diameter (Figs 64A, 128F); males with sclerotized femoral spot on femur I; shorter, but stout and straight setae comprising the tarsal prolateral row on leg I (Figs 65D, 68A); and tegular conductor neither with a proximal groove nor associated with embolus, and with a surface covered with small ridges (Fig. 63A, B, D). Trogloneta is also supported by 160 molecular synapomorphies.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Trogloneta differs from all other mysmenid genera by the presence of a third additional anterior field on ALS; minute colulus (although it has been described as ‘large’ on the type species T. granulum by Thaler, 1975: but see figs 67F, 68C); minute AME; PME separated; posterior respiratory system with single median apodemal structure; triangular labium; two sperm-storage compartments per spermatheca; males with all eyes on tubercle; a basal paracymbium; a particular cymbial shape, flat and tapering, with a flat and blunt primary cymbial conductor with a particular half-circle shape; tegular conductor neither with a proximal groove nor associated with embolus, and with a surface covered with small ridges; and no switchbacks I and II on the spermatic duct. Although shared with a few other mysmenids, the following combination of features is unique for Trogloneta: distinctly lighter ventral abdomen, with whitish extended coloration posteriorly; carapace height dimorphism (male carapace higher than female); anterior booklungs reduced; females with distal ventral sclerotized spot only on femur I, epigynal area elevated ventrally, accessory glands on vulva, and smooth uniform proximal copulatory ducts of increased diameter; males with sclerotized femoral spot on femur I; shorter, but stout and straight setae comprising the tarsal prolateral row on leg I; bifid embolus; tegular groove acting as conductor; and internal cymbial tarsal organ. The taxonomic history and previous diagnostic features for Trogloneta have recently been reviewed by Brescovit &amp; Lopardo (2008). Their proposed combination of features diagnostic for the genus is in agreement with those proposed in our study.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710BD939CFC1AE41FFAA95A81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7710BA939DFC74E58DFF455941.text	03832D7710BA939DFC74E58DFF455941.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenopsinae Lopardo & Hormiga 2015	<div><p>MYSMENOPSINAE SUBF. NOV.</p> <p>(CLADE C159)</p> <p>Mysmenopsinae comprises the kleptoparasitic genera Isela (including Kilifina, see below) and Mysmenopsis. This sister-taxon relationship has been previously proposed (Griswold, 1985). Although we lacked sequence data for the representatives of this clade, this seemingly stable group is strongly supported by the morphological partition.</p> <p>Monophyly</p> <p>Several synapomorphies support Mysmenopsinae: the kleptoparasitic predatory strategy; females without aggregate gland spigots on PLS (Figs 6D, 58H); with between three and five palpal tibial trichobothria (Figs 2E, 62A); and with a modified (stridulatory) field on retrolateral femur I (Figs 3C, 57B–D); both sexes also have a stridulatory field on prolateral femur IV (Figs 9A–C, 54H, 59F); strong leg I (Fig. 140A, D, G; secondary similar legs in Mysmenopsis penai); tarsal organ located on the middle third of tarsus (Figs 8E, 54E, 56F), and with a teardrop-shaped opening distinctly smaller than setal sockets (Figs 3F, 9D, 54F, 62H); opisthosoma with long and thick setae interspersed among shorter and thinner setae (Fig. 140A); cylindrical gland spigots on PLS as slim as other spigots, subequal to flagelliform gland spigot; male palpal tibia with scoop-shaped rim (Figs 1A, 4A, 53B, 55A, C, 58A); large palpal tibia (i.e. about one-fifth the size of carapace in lateral view; Figs 1A, 4A, 55A, C); and cymbium as long as wide (Figs 1A, 4C, 55B). Ambiguously optimized synapomorphies for this clade include: shorter but stout and straight setae comprising the tarsal prolateral row on leg I (Figs 8F, 54G, 59D); strongly serrated distal promarginal curved seta on chelicerae; fingerprint cuticle on piriform field (Fig. 61C; rugose in Kilifina- MYSM-002- KENYA); minor ampullate (mAP) gland spigot without nubbins or tartipores (Figs 6C, G, 58F, 61D); males with palpal tibial bearing spinelike strong setae or spurs (Figs 1A, B, 4A, E, 53E, 55H, 58E, 60B); switchback I of spermatic duct close to fundus after passing through the distalmost wall of the bulb (Fig. 131C, G; distal in Isela); and metatarsal clasping spine twisted (Figs 3B, 8B, C, 140E, F) or strongly curved proximally (Figs 54D, 57I, 59B).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Mysmenopsinae differs from the genera Maymena, Trogloneta, and the subfamily Mysmeninae by: their kleptoparasitic lifestyle; a stridulatory field on prolateral femur IV; strong leg I; tarsal organ located on the middle third of tarsus, and with a teardrop-shaped opening distinctly smaller than setal sockets; mAP gland spigot without nubbins or tartipores; opisthosoma with long and thick setae interspersed among shorter and thinner setae; females with between three and five palpal tibial trichobothria; without aggregate gland spigots on PLS; and with a modified (stridulatory) field on retrolateral femur I; and males with large palpal tibia bearing spinelike strong setae or spurs. The following combination of features is unique for Mysmenopsinae: females with narrow copulatory ducts of uniform diameter; males with metatarsal clasping spine twisted or strongly curved proximally; prolateral apical clasping spine on tibia I; shorter but stout and straight setae comprising the tarsal prolateral row on leg I; relatively small cymbium and bulb; palpal tibial with scoop-shaped rim; cymbium as long as wide; loss of tegular conductor; switchback I of spermatic duct close to fundus after passing through the distalmost wall of the bulb; both sexes also have femoral macrosetae; cylindrical gland spigots on PLS as slim as other spigots, subequal to flagelliform; strongly serrated distal promarginal curved seta on chelicerae; and fingerprint cuticle on piriform field.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710BA939DFC74E58DFF455941	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7710BB939EFC28E1BCFDAF5A7D.text	03832D7710BB939EFC28E1BCFDAF5A7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isela Griswold 1985	<div><p>ISELA GRISWOLD 1985</p> <p>(FIGS 1–9, 128A, C, 131D, G, H, 140A–F: CLADE C158)</p> <p>Isela Griswold, 1985: 208.</p> <p>Kilifina Baert &amp; Murphy, 1992: 104 (replacement name for Kilifia Baert &amp; Murphy, 1987: 194, preoccupied; type species by monotypy Kilifia inquilina Baert &amp; Murphy, 1987, paratype material in IRSN and MRAC, examined). New synonymy.</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Isela okuncana Griswold 1985 by original designation and monotypy, type material in NMSA and CAS, examined.</p> <p>Synonymy justification</p> <p>Both of these African monotypic genera share extremely peculiar male and female genitalia (see Figs 128A, C, 131D, G, H), form a clade in all morphological and combined analyses, and share several other morphological synapomorphies. The type material of both species have been examined as well as a third of undescribed species from Kenya, and the conformation of the genital morphology remains consistent across all of them.</p> <p>Familial placement and composition</p> <p>Isela is sister to Mysmenopsis within the subfamily Mysmenopsinae (Fig. 161B). Currently, and as defined here, the genus Isela comprises two species (I. okuncana and I. inquilina comb. nov.), and is here represented by one described plus one undescribed species: I. okuncana and Kilifina- MYSM-002- KENYA.</p> <p>Synapomorphies</p> <p>Morphological synapomorphies of Isela include: females with coiled tubuliform spermathecae (Figs 5D, 128A, C) and without flagelliform gland spigots (Fig. 6D); both sexes with median trichobothria on metatarsus I (Fig. 8A); and males with secondary external cymbial conductor (Fig. 4G); internal cymbial tarsal organ (Fig. 4I); coiled embolus (Figs 4H, 131H); and two or more prolateral tibial trichobothria on male palp (Figs 1B, 4E). Ambiguously optimized synapomorphies for this genus include: posterior respiratory system with median and single lateral tracheae (Fig. 5E); males with twisted metatarsal clasping spine (Figs 3B, 8B, C, 140E, F); epiandrous fusules dispersed in a row; palpal tibial bearing spine-like strong setae (Figs 1A, B, 4A, E); a prolateral apical secondary cymbial conductor (Fig. 4G, F); and a row of small setae on cymbial fold (Fig. 4G).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Isela differs from all other mysmenid genera by the spine-like strong setae on male palpal tibial, a secondary cymbial conductor located prolaterally– apically; females without flagelliform gland spigots and with coiled tubuliform spermathecae; posterior median and single lateral tracheae; and trichobothrium located medially on metatarsus I. In addition, the following combination of male features is unique for Isela: twisted metatarsal clasping spine; internal cymbial tarsal organ; a row of small setae on cymbial fold; coiled embolus; and epiandrous fusules dispersed in a row. Originally, Isela was diagnosed by the carapace depression separating the posterior median eyes (PME) from the anterior eye row (AER); the male palpal tibia large, cup-shaped, and with stout dorsoapical spines; by the morphology of cephalothorax; and by the general morphology of male and female genitalia (Griswold, 1985). Baert &amp; Murphy (1987) also noted the general resemblance of Kilifina with Isela in terms of carapace morphology, the separation of the PME from the AER, and the swollen femora I, but stated that the differences between these two genera were based on the male palpal morphology, which were diagnostic for Kilifina. As the male and female genitalia of these two species are identical in their general morphology, the differences between them are here attributed to be at species, and not generic, level. Interestingly, the only diagnostic feature shared between the current and the previous diagnoses for Isela (including Kilifina) are the strong setae on the male palpal tibia. Remaining characteristics are shared in varying degrees with other mysmenid genera, and are not diagnostic of the genus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710BB939EFC28E1BCFDAF5A7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7710B8939FFEE4E5F1FF725D2C.text	03832D7710B8939FFEE4E5F1FF725D2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmenopsis Simon 1897	<div><p>MYSMENOPSIS SIMON 1897</p> <p>(FIGS 53–62, 128G, 131A–C, 140G–L: CLADE C190)</p> <p>Lucarachne Bryant, 1940: 350 (type L. tibialis Bryant, 1940). Kraus, 1955: 30. Forster, 1959: 328. Gertsch, 1960a: 28–29. Platnick &amp; Shadab, 1978: 5 (synonymized to Mysmenopsis). Chickering, 1960: 95 (misidentification). Wunderlich, 1978: 29.</p> <p>Mysmenopsis Simon, 1897: 865. Gertsch, 1960a: 23. Platnick &amp; Shadab, 1978: 5–20 (revision of the genus). Müller, 1987: 185. Coyle &amp; Meigs, 1989: 61–66. Baert, 1990: 5–17. Platnick, in Eberhard, Platnick &amp; Schuh, 1993: 8. Jocqué &amp; Dippenaar-Schoeman, 2006: 176.</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Mysmenopsis femoralis Simon 1897 by original designation, syntype material in BMNH and MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Familial placement and composition</p> <p>Transferred to Symphytognathidae from Theridiidae by Gertsch (1960a), and to Mysmenidae from Symphytognathidae by Forster &amp; Platnick (1977). Our working phylogenetic hypothesis places Mysmenopsis as sister to Isela within the subfamily Mysmenopsinae (Fig. 161B). Currently, the genus Mysmenopsis comprises 27 described species (Platnick, 2014), and is here represented by four species: M. dipluramigo, M. penai, M. cidrelicola, and M. palpalis.</p> <p>Monophyly</p> <p>Morphological synapomorphies of Mysmenopsis include: anterior atria connected by membranous duct (Fig. 60H); posterior lateral tracheae branching into several tracheoles (Fig. 60G); wide posterior spiracular opening (Fig. 59I); distal labium concave (Figs 54B, 56G, 59E); relatively higher proportion of maxillary clavate setae (Fig. 62B); and four or more colular setae (Fig. 56D; three or less setae in M. palpalis, Fig. 59I); males with prolateral row of modified setae occupying only distal half of tarsus I (Figs 54G, 59D); with prolateral cymbium (Fig. 59A, G) without internal cymbial conductor and cymbial fold (CyC1 and CyF; Figs 53D, 55G, 60C, D, F); short apical bifid embolus of lobed or weakly projected embolic base and with membranous (flexible) embolus–tegulum junction (Figs 55G, 58D, 60D, F, 131A, C); globose palpal tibia (Figs 53A–C, 55A–E, 58A–B, 59A, 60A, 131A) with apical hollow area (Figs 53E, 55H, 58A, B, 60B, 131A–C); and females with a distal ventral femoral I projection (Figs 57A, B, E, 140G). Other Mysmenopsis species have either a femoral spot or no structure at all (Platnick &amp; Shadab, 1978), although it is unclear whether the presence of the spot is plesiomorphic for the family or whether it represents a secondary gain. Ambiguously optimized synapomorphies for this clade include the following characters: cheliceral retromargin without teeth; absence of median structures of posterior respiratory system (Fig. 60G); male metatarsus I with proximal row of between five and eight spines (Fig. 57G, H; absent in M. penai); epiandrous fusules in two discrete clusters (Fig. 56E); males with flagelliform gland spigots (Figs 53H; 58G); cymbial tip without conductor grooves, but with a distinctly shaped tip (Fig. 58D) and with a hook-shaped paracymbium bent inwards and associated with a tegular groove (Figs 53D, F, 55F, 58D, 60D); male palpal tibial bearing spurs (Figs 53E, 55I, 58E, 60B, E) and with two retrolateral–dorsal trichobothria (Fig. 55E).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Mysmenopsis differs from all other mysmenid genera in the following combination of features: the respiratory system consisting of anterior tracheae connected by a membranous duct and posterior lateral tracheae branching into several tracheoles, without median structures, arising from a wide posterior spiracular opening; the typical male palpal conformation, including a globose tibia with an apical hollow area bearing spurs and with two retrolateral–dorsal trichobothria, a prolateral cymbium without internal conductor grooves or cymbial fold, but with a distinct tip, and with a hook-shaped paracymbium bent inwards and associated with a tegular groove, and a short apical bifid embolus. Also, a distal ventral projection on femur I occurs on females, males have a prolateral row of modified setae occupying the distal half of tarsus I, and a proximal row of between five and eight spines on metatarsus I (absent in M. penai); the epiandrous fusules are grouped into two clusters, both sexes retain only the flagelliform but not the aggregate spigots on the posterior lateral spinnerets; the labium is distally concave, a relatively higher proportion of maxillary clavate setae occurs in the mouthparts, and the colulus has four or more setae (three or less setae in M. palpalis). The taxonomic history and previous diagnostic features for Mysmenopsis have been reviewed by Platnick &amp; Shadab (1978). Some of the previous diagnostic features proposed for this genus are also recovered here (see Simon, 1897; Bryant, 1940; Gertsch, 1960a; Platnick &amp; Shadab, 1978).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710B8939FFEE4E5F1FF725D2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7710B99260FEC7E245FDD05B24.text	03832D7710B99260FEC7E245FDD05B24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmeninae Petrunkevitch 1928	<div><p>MYSMENINAE PETRUNKEVITCH, 1928 (CLADE C133)</p> <p>Composition</p> <p>This morphologically distinct subfamily is circumscribed here to comprise the following genera: Anjouanella, Brasilionata, Calodipoena, Calomyspoena, Itapua, Kekenboschiella, Microdipoena, Mysmena, Mysmenella, Mysmeniola, and Tamasesia [Fig. 160, see below and refer to Fig. 161B for synonymies, see below for comments on recently erected Chinese genera not included in the analyses; see main text for the removal and suggested new familial status of Crassignatha, Iardinis, Leviola, and Phricotelus; see Miller et al. (2009) for the removal of Crassignatha based on morphology; and see Rix &amp; Harvey (2010) for the transfer of Taphiassa to Micropholcommatinae and its synonymy with Parapua]. In our phylogenetic analyses, Mysmeninae included the following taxa: Microdipoena, Mysmeniola, Brasilionata, Mysmena (see below for total number of species and generic composition), and the following undescribed species (regarded here as Mysmeninae incertae sedis): MYSM-001-MAD, MYSM-006-MAD, MYSM-008-ARG, MYSM-009-MAD, MYSM-012-MAD, MYSM-019-MAD, MYSM-020-MAD, MYSM-021-MAD, MYSM-023-MAD, MYSM-026- MAD, MYSM-027-MAD, MYSM-029-MAD, MYSM-031-MAD, MYSM-032-MAD, and MYSM-033-MAD.</p> <p>Monophyly</p> <p>Relationships within Mysmeninae are unstable, except for a few taxa (see below). The following synapomorphies support Mysmeninae as we have circumscribed it: respiratory system with anterior tracheae restricted to opisthosoma (Fig. 37A; extending into prosoma in MYSM-005-ARG, MYSM-007- MEX, and Microdipoena s.s.); advanced and wide posterior spiracular opening located midway between the spinnerets and epigastric groove (Fig. 24A, E), connected to branched posterior lateral tracheae extending into prosoma (Fig. 22A, B); aciniform gland spigots of posterior spinnerets with two different outlines (Figs 19F, 33D, 37,B E); posterior lateral spinnerets with an anterior flat spatulate modified seta [Figs 23B, E, 33G, H, 52C; secondarily absent in Mysmena (= Tamasesia) rotunda], and slim cylindrical spigots (Figs 23B, 37B, E); palpal tibial trichobothria of females lacking (Figs 38E, 52E); female copulatory openings within the epigastric furrow (Fig. 24A; secondarily external in MYSM-023-MAD), membranous atrium (Figs 129A, E, G, 130B), and irregular membranous copulatory ducts (Figs 18G, 27D, 129A–C, E, H, 130A– G; distally sclerotized independently in two clades); males with coiled embolus (Figs 27A, 47A, B, 132D, E, 134G) and secondary (external) cymbial conductor (Figs 31C, 40A, 43C; secondarily absent in clade C128: Microdipoena, Brasilionata, Mysmeniola, and MYSM-019-MAD; Fig. 22F). Other synapomorphies include: abdomen with a whitish ventral ring surrounding the spinnerets (Figs 142J, L, 143A, B, G, I, L), trichobothria on tibia III and IV between two and three tibia diameters in length (Figs 26G, 29E, 39G; short trichobothria occurs independently within the group), and strongly serrated distal promarginal curved seta (Figs 19E, 38H, 42E, 48B). Ambiguously optimized synapomorphies for this clade include: a posterior tracheal arrangement consisting of lateral tracheae surrounding the minute median apodemes (Fig. 29B); fingerprint cuticular pattern on the piriform field (Figs 23A, C, 33E); flagelliform spigots absent in males (Fig. 23E; secondarily present in Mysmena leichhardti and MYSM-005-ARG); orb webs with a proliferation of out-of-plane radii both above and below the orb plane (Fig. 147A, B); males with prolateral row of slim setae occupying only distal half of tarsus I (Figs 16H, 26A, 34D, 45I, 50F; all along tarsus in Mysmeniola spinifera); cymbial prolateral basal expansion (Figs 27A, 30B, C, 36C, 47B); embolus with pars pendula (Figs 32H, 36B, 132C–F, 133C, secondarily absent in MYSM-005- ARG); palpal tibial rim setae longer and arranged distally in a row or two [Figs 18A, 32E, 36D, 42B, 45C; secondarily irregular in Mysmeniola spinifera and Microdipoena (= Mysmenella) jobi]; and females with weakly modified epigynal area (i.e. epigynum absent; Figs 14C, 37A, 52F; modified copulatory area in MYSM-023-MAD, Fig. 49D, E). A total of 163 molecular synapomorphies support this subfamily.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Mysmeninae differs from all other mysmenid genera and subfamilies by the following unique combination of features: the characteristic architecture of their orb webs with a proliferation of out-of-plane radii both above and below the orb plane; anterior tracheae restricted to opisthosoma (extending into prosoma in MYSM-005-ARG, MYSM-007- MEX, and Microdipoena s.s.), and an advanced and wide posterior spiracular opening located midway between the spinnerets and epigastric groove, connected to branched posterior lateral tracheae extending into prosoma and surrounding the minute median apodemes; anterior lateral spinnerets with fingerprint cuticular pattern on the piriform field, posterior spinnerets with aciniform gland spigots of two different outlines, and posterior lateral spinnerets with an anterior flat spatulate modified seta [as in Maymena, secondarily absent in Mysmena (= Tamasesia) rotunda], slim cylindrical spigots, and flagelliform spigots absent in males (secondarily present in males of Mysmena leichhardti and MYSM-005-ARG); females without epigynum and with the copulatory openings within the epigastric furrow (secondarily external in MYSM-023- MAD), a membranous internal atrium and irregular membranous copulatory ducts (distally sclerotized independently in two clades); males with secondary (external) cymbial conductor (secondarily absent in clade C128: Microdipoena, Brasilionata, Mysmeniola, and MYSM-019-MAD), cymbial prolateral basal expansion, coiled embolus with pars pendula (secondarily absent in MYSM-005-ARG), palpal tibial rim setae long and arranged distally in a row or two [secondarily irregular in Mysmeniola spinifera and Microdipoena (= Mysmenella) jobi], a prolateral row of slim setae occupying only distal half of tarsus I (all along tarsus in Mysmeniola spinifera); and also a strongly serrated distal promarginal curved seta, abdomen with a whitish ventral ring around the spinnerets, trichobothria on tibia III and IV of medium length.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7710B99260FEC7E245FDD05B24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7711469261FEE2E43DFE1A5F36.text	03832D7711469261FEE2E43DFE1A5F36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microdipoena Banks 1895	<div><p>MICRODIPOENA BANKS 1895</p> <p>(FIGS 17–27, 129A, B, D–F, 132, 141J–O, 142A,B: CLADE C125)</p> <p>Mysmena Simon, 1895b: 149. Bishop &amp; Crosby, 1926: 177. Levi, 1956: 8. Forster, 1959: 306. Kraus, 1967: 392. Gruia, 1977: 162. Shinkai, 1977: 326. Roberts, 1978: 932. Wunderlich, 1980b: 267; 1986: 222. Kasal, 1982: 75. Heimer &amp; Nentwig, 1991: 306.</p> <p>Microdipoena Banks, 1895: 85. Saaristo, 1978: 124–125 (rejected synonymy to Mysmena by Bishop &amp; Crosby, 1926: 177). Brignoli, 1980: 731 (rejected synonymy to Mysmena by Bishop &amp; Crosby, 1926: 177). Baert, 1984b: 608; 1985: 51; 1989: 29.</p> <p>Anjouanella Baert, 1986: 265 (type species by monotypy A. comorensis Baert, 1986, type material in MRAC, examined). New synonymy.</p> <p>Mysmenella Brignoli, 1980: 731 (transfer from Mysmena, type Mysmena illectrix Simon, 1895b, type material in MNHN, examined). Baert, 1984a: 240 (transfer from Mysmena); 1989: 32. Namkung &amp; Lee, 1987: 46. Coddington, 1990: 19. Thaler &amp; Noflatscher, 1990: 174. Namkung, 2002: 146; 2003: 148. Wunderlich, 2004: 1073 (considered a junior synonym of Mysmena Simon, 1894). Yin et al., 2004: 80. Lee et al., 2004: 100. Trotta, 2005: 170. Ono, 2007: 170. New synonymy.</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Microdipoena guttata Banks, 1895 by original designation, type material in MCZ, examined.</p> <p>Familial placement, composition, and re-circumscription</p> <p>Our working phylogenetic hypothesis places Microdipoena sister to Brasilionata within the mysmenine clade C128, which also comprises Mysmeniola and MYSM-019-MAD. Microdipoena comprises four described species (Platnick, 2014) and under the current re-circumscription, 11 other described species are transferred here (a total of 15 described species). Microdipoena is here represented by seven described plus two undescribed species (Fig. 161B; the latter two species are scored only for molecular characters): M. guttata, M. elsae, M. nyungwe, M. samoensis comb. nov. (from Mysmenella), M. jobi comb. nov. (from Mysmenella), M. illectrix comb. nov., M. comorensis comb. nov., Microdipoena -AToL-DR, and MYSM-030- MAD.</p> <p>Monophyly, diagnosis, and synonymy justification The following combination of morphological synapomorphies is unique and therefore diagnostic for Microdipoena (and are shared among all Microdipoena representatives, unless noted): abdomen with a whitish ventral ring around the spinnerets (Fig. 142A; except Anjouanella, with all ventral abdominal area lighter, Fig. 141J–L); males with two prolateral apical clasping spines on tibia I (Figs 26C, 27I, 141K, L, O), thick embolus with an apical switch in the coiling direction (Figs 18C, D, F, 27C, 132B, D, E; also in Brasilionata), and with either a distal apophysis (Fig. 18F) or a distal irregular membrane (Fig. 27A– C; except in Anjouanella, without modifications), spermatic duct switchback SB I parallel, with the portions of the spermatic duct before and after the switch SB I run close with each other and with one pair of extra switches (SB III and IV, Fig. 132B–E); and small paracymbium (Figs 17C, 22G, 27B). As most Microdipoena representatives in this data set were scored only for morphology, no molecular synapomorphies optimize at the node of this genus; however, its distal clade (clade C172), which includes the only sequenced species of this genus, is supported by 92 molecular synapomorphies. Previous diagnoses for Microdipoena s.s., Mysmenella, and Anjouanella are in agreement with the current diagnosis of the enlarged Microdipoena (see e.g. Banks, 1895; Brignoli, 1980; Baert, 1986).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7711469261FEE2E43DFE1A5F36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7711479261FED1E041FDE45838.text	03832D7711479261FED1E041FDE45838.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brasilionata Wunderlich 1995	<div><p>BRASILIONATA WUNDERLICH, 1995</p> <p>FIGS 133G, 142O</p> <p>Brasilionata Wunderlich, 1995: 545.</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Brasilionata arborense Wunderlich, 1995 by original designation and monotypy, holotype in AMNH, examined.</p> <p>Familial placement and composition</p> <p>Brasilionata is a member of the mysmeninae clade C128 (also comprising Mysmeniola, Microdipoena, and MYSM-019-MAD), and is sister to Microdipoena (Fig. 161B). Brasilionata is here represented by its type and only species B. arborense.</p> <p>Monophyly and diagnosis</p> <p>This Brazilian monotypic genus is only known by the male holotype specimen, and it is diagnosed by the following combination of autapomorphies: male palpal tibial rim scoop-shaped, cymbial fold with row of setae similar to surrounding setae (i.e. not minute), embolus with an apical switch in the coiling direction as in Microdipoena (Fig. 133G), uniform abdominal dorsal colour pattern and anterior median eyes separate (Fig. 142O). There appears to be a subtle depression between the anterior median eyes, which could also be synapomorphic for the genus (Fig. 142O; see Wunderlich, 1995: fig. 10), although it has not been explicitly proposed as such in previous studies. Brasilionata has been previously diagnosed by somehow vague characters (Wunderlich, 1995), which when examined within a revisionary context can be assigned to any other mysmenid genus or are simply symplesiomorphies: lack of femoral spot on male, no trichobothrium on metatarsus IV, eight eyes equal in size, one metatarsal prolateral clasping spine, male palpal femur, patella and tibia without structures, cymbium long and distally slender, with a cymbial process, and embolus with apophysis. We could not find an embolic apophysis and instead we report a coiling switch of the distal part of the embolus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7711479261FED1E041FDE45838	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7711479261FEF5E743FBAB5D82.text	03832D7711479261FEF5E743FBAB5D82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmeniola Thaler 1995	<div><p>MYSMENIOLA THALER, 1995</p> <p>FIGS 134D, 142M, N</p> <p>Mysmeniola Thaler, 1995: 429.</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Mysmeniola spinifera Thaler, 1995 by original designation and monotypy, holotype in MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Familial placement and composition</p> <p>Our working phylogenetic hypothesis places Mysmeniola within the mysmenine clade C128 (Brasilionata, Mysmeniola, Microdipoena, and MYSM-019-MAD), as sister to the clade including Brasilionata and Microdipoena (clade C126; Fig. 161B). Mysmeniola is here represented by its type and only species M. spinifera.</p> <p>Monophyly and diagnosis</p> <p>This singular Venezuelan monotypic genus, only known by males (see male palp drawing on Fig. 134D), is here diagnosed by the following combination of autapomorphies: six eyes (anterior median eyes absent; Fig. 142M); prolateral cymbium with a prolateral basal expansion surrounding the entire basal bulb and with minute setae at tip, male palpal tibia with prolateral apical process and irregular rim setal conformation, median trichobothrium on metatarsus I, tarsus I with prolateral row of setae distributed along tarsus, and minute but distinct dorsal–posterior abdominal hump (Fig. 142M, N). The presence of a cluster of strong setae at the base of the clypeus seems to be autapomorphic for the genus (see Fig. 142M; also Thaler, 1995: figs 1, 2). Previously proposed diagnostic features for Mysmeniola are in agreement with the diagnostic features suggested here.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7711479261FEF5E743FBAB5D82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
03832D7711479262FC24E28FFBD6591E.text	03832D7711479262FC24E28FFBD6591E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mysmena Simon 1894	<div><p>MYSMENA SIMON, 1894</p> <p>(FIGS 28–44, 51, 52, 65A, 129C, G, 130A–C, E, F, 133A–F, H, I, 134A–C, 142D–L, 143A–C, G–O, 144O, 147A, C: CLADE C144)</p> <p>Mysmena Simon, 1894: 588. Bishop &amp; Crosby 1926: 177 (synonymized Microdipoena). Levi, 1956: 3 (synonymized with Calodipoena, Tamasesia, and Microdipoena). Forster, 1959: 303–307; 1977: 129. Gertsch, 1960b: 13. Kraus, 1967: 388. Loksa, 1973: 283. Saaristo, 1978: 125 (rejected synonymy with Microdipoena). Hickman, 1979: 74. Brignoli, 1980: 729 (rejected synonymy with Calodipoena, Tamasesia, and Microdipoena). Wunderlich, 1980b: 267; 1986: 218. Davies, 1985: 91 (transfer to Calodipoena by Brignoli, 1983 rejected). Snazell, 1986: 62. Trotta, 2005: 170. Ono, in Ono, Chang &amp; Tso, 2007: 73. Lopardo &amp; Dupérré, in Lopardo et al., 2008: 37.</p> <p>Calodipoena Gertsch &amp; Davis, 1936: 8 (type species by original designation C. incredula Gertsch &amp; Davis, 1936, type material in AMNH, not examined). Brignoli, 1983: 376 (transfer from Mysmena because of alleged relationships with C. incredula Gertsch &amp; Davis, 1936). New synonymy.</p> <p>Itapua Baert, 1984 b: 604 (type species by original designation and monotypy I. tembei Baert 1984, type material in MHNG, examined). New synonymy.</p> <p>Calomyspoena Baert &amp; Maelfait, 1983: 104 (type species by original designation and monotypy C. santacruzi Baert &amp; Maelfait, 1983, type material in IRSN, examined). New synonymy.</p> <p>Tamasesia Marples, 1955: 476 (type species by original designation T. rotunda Marples, 1955, type material in BMNH and MNHN, examined); Levi 1956: 3 (transfer from Tamasesiidae to Theridiidae, synonymized with Mysmena); Brignoli, 1980: 730 (transfer to Mysmenidae, rejected synonymy with Mysmena). New synonymy.</p> <p>Kekenboschiella Baert, 1982: 303 (type species by original designation K. marijkeae Baert, 1982, type material in IRSN, examined). Baert 1984a: 230. New synonymy.</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Mysmena leucoplagiata (Simon, 1879) by original designation, type material in MNHN, examined (see below, and also Kraus, 1967).</p> <p>Synonymy justification</p> <p>Relationships among and within mysmenine clades are highly unstable and poorly supported (see Results). Morphologically, these results are not surprising. In particular, homoplasy is widespread among the Mysmena representatives, and no notable synapomorphy characterizes this genus. The inclusion in the analysis of several undescribed mysmenid species with distinct and diverse morphology (especially genitalic morphology) might obscure relationships, producing an even more unstable pattern. In this case, although distinct undescribed species might possibly represent new genera (see comments below), to date the available data do not support such hypotheses. As circumscribed here, Mysmena includes a polyphyletic Calodipoena, the monotypic genera Itapua and Calomyspoena, and a (strictly) monophyletic Tamasesia, Kekenboschiella, and Mysmena s.s., although the latter three genera are supported by just one (or none in the case of Mysmena) homoplastic character change, and no molecular transformations. In the absence of concise and unique diagnostic features for any of the aforementioned genera, we have re-circumscribed the genus Mysmena to avoid proliferation of monotypic genera and non-monophyletic taxa, losing phylogenetic information.</p> <p>Familial placement, composition, and re-circumscription</p> <p>Mysmena was transferred to Symphytognathidae from Theridiidae by Forster (1959), and to Mysmenidae from Symphytognathidae by Forster &amp; Platnick (1977). In the proposed phylogenetic hypothesis, Mysmena comprises a large clade distally within the Mysmeninae lineage (Fig. 160; for synonymies and new combinations, refer to Fig. 161B). The re-circumscribed Mysmena comprises a total of 42 described species: 23 from Mysmena, ten from Calodipoena, four from Kekenboschiella, three from Tamasesia, and one from each of the two monotypic genera Calomyspoena and Itapua (Platnick, 2014). Mysmena is here represented by 11 described plus 18 undescribed species (12 of the latter undescribed were species scored only for molecular data): M. leucoplagiata, M. leichhardti, M. tasmaniae, M. mootae comb. nov. (from Calodipoena), M. incredula comb. nov., M. santacruzi comb. nov., M. tembei comb. nov., M. acuminata comb. nov. (from Tamasesia), M. rotunda comb. nov., M. awari comb. nov. (from Kekenboschiella), M. marijkeae comb. nov., Mysmena- MYSM-011-ARG, Mysmena- MYSM-014- THAI, Mysmena- MYSM-(015 018)-MAD, MYSM-(005 038–042)-ARG, MYSM-(007 010)- MEX, MYSM-(013 035–037)-THAI, and MYSM-028-MAD.</p> <p>Monophyly and diagnosis</p> <p>Ambiguously optimized synapomorphies for Mysmena, shared by most of the taxa, include the spermatic duct switchback SB I distally bending at a right angle [Figs 133D–F, 134A, B, E; straight in Mysmena- MYSM-015-MAD, Mysmena (= Tamasesia) rotunda and MYSM-005-ARG, Fig. 133A, B, H, I], and the presence of a long ventral scapus (Figs 29C, 31G, 37C, 42C, 129C, G, 130B) and weakly sclerotized fertilization ducts, with a distinguishable wall (Figs 42D, 49A, 51D, 129C, G, 130A; independently membranous, translucent in Itapua tembei, Mysmena leucoplagiata, and MYSM-034- MAD). Mysmena monophyly is also supported by 265 molecular synapomorphies.</p> <p>Because of its previous placement within Theridiidae, and its recurrent synonymies with Calodipoena, Tamasesia, and/or Microdipoena, the previous diagnoses of Mysmena include features that are currently considered synapomorphic for the subfamily Mysmeninae or even Mysmenidae (see e.g. Simon, 1894; Levi, 1956; Forster, 1959; Gertsch, 1960a; Kraus, 1967). Also, because of the mislabelling of the vial containing the type specimen of Mysmena leucoplagiata, which also included specimens of Mysmenella jobi, the diagnosis of Mysmena has been rather confusing and inaccurate (vial examined; see also Kraus, 1967). For example, the type species Mysmena leucoplagiata has been correctly redescribed by Kraus (1967) and Wunderlich (1980b), whereas Mysmenella jobi was mistakenly redescribed as Mysmena leucoplagiata by Levi (1956) and Loksa (1973). Furthermore, diagnostic features of the here-synonymized genera are also largely broad for the family or at least Mysmeninae (Gertsch &amp; Davis, 1936; Marples, 1955; Baert, 1982, 1984a), except for a few diagnostic features of Calomyspoena (Baert &amp; Maelfait, 1983).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03832D7711479262FC24E28FFBD6591E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lopardo, Lara;Hormiga, Gustavo	Lopardo, Lara, Hormiga, Gustavo (2015): Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (3): 527-786, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12199, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
