identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7C4D1C27FFC4BF78B4D0FB88FBABF8A0.text	7C4D1C27FFC4BF78B4D0FB88FBABF8A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Demicryptochironomus (Demicryptochironomus) praeacutus Mukherjee et Hazra 2022	<div><p>Demicryptochironomus (Demicryptochironomus) praeacutus Mukherjee et Hazra, sp. n.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F48E2EBE-70ED-4E3F-B96B-231DD922E9F3</p> <p>GenBank Accession No. ON898600</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male, labelled ‘ Holotype Demicryptochironomus (Demicryptochironomus) praeacutus sp. n., India, Assam, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.79&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.79/lat 26.15)">Kohora</a> [26.15° N, 91.79° E], 16.iv.2022, Coll. B. Khan’. Paratypes 2 males, same data as holotype, labelled ‘ Paratype Demicryptochironomus (Demicryptochironomus) praeacutus sp. n. Paratype 1 male, labelled ‘ Demicryptochironomus (Demicryptochironomus) praeacutus sp. n., India, West Bengal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.83688&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.244131" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.83688/lat 23.244131)">Burdwan</a> [23.2441319° N, 87.8368799° E], 17.ix.2019, Coll.B. Mukherjee’. Paratype 1 male, labelled ‘ Demicryptochironomus (Demicryptochironomus) praeacutus sp. n., India, West Bengal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.8512&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.2393" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.8512/lat 23.2393)">Burdwan</a> [23.2393° N, 87.8512° E], 14.x.2019, Coll. B. Mukherjee’. Paratypes 4 males, labelled ‘ Demicryptochironomus (Demicryptochironomus) praeacutus sp. n., India, West Bengal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.8512&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.2393" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.8512/lat 23.2393)">Burdwan</a> [23.2393° N, 87.8512° E], 16.vii.2020 &amp; 10.i.2021, Coll. N. Hazra’.</p> <p>Diagnostic characters. The adult male is distinguished from other species of the genus Demicryptochironomus by the presence of tapered gonostylus with pointed apex and bilobed or trilobed superior volsella having clubbed apical end.</p> <p>Etymology. The name “ praeacutus ’’, a Latin word, refers to the sharply pointed gonostylus at apex.</p> <p>Male (n=9)</p> <p>Total length 2.8–3.2, 3 mm. Wing length 1.65–1.7, 1.675 mm. Costal length 1.57–1.62, 1.59 mm. Antennal length 0.88–0.91, 0.895 mm.</p> <p>Colouration. Thorax yellowish brown, leg colour light brown, abdomen yellow to light brown.</p> <p>Head. Head width 570–580, 575 µm. Temporal setae 7–11 (IV 2, OV 5–6, Po 0–2). Clypeal setae 12–15. Frontal tubercles present, 6.9 µm long. Eyes bare with dorsomedial extension of 119–130, 124.5 µm. Ultimate flagellomere 570–590, 580 µm long; AR 1.7–1.93, 1.82. Length of palpomeres (I–V) (µm): 25–27.6: 30: 94–97.5: 134.6–138: 165.6. CA 0.64–0.66, 0.65.</p> <p>Thorax. Acrostichals 10–12, dorsocentrals 24, prealars 3, supraalars 2 and scutellars 9–10.</p> <p>Wing (Fig. 1A). VR 1.10–1.11. R with 36 setae, R 4+5 with 26 setae. Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama with 6 fringed setae. FCu distinctly distal to RM. Anal lobe moderately developed.</p> <p>Legs. Fore tibia with 2–3 setae. Mid legs with 2 tibial spurs; 18.4–20.7 µm and 23 µm long, comb with 28–36 teeth. Hind leg with 2 tibial spurs; 25.3 µm and 27.6–29.9 µm long, comb with 50–52 teeth. Lengths (µm) and proportions of legs shown in table 1.</p> <p>Hypopygium (Figs. 1B–D). Anal tergite band V shaped. Anal point slender, parallel sided; 46–48, 47 µm long, 6.9 µm wide.Anal point bearing 2–3 lateral setae on each side. Tergite IX with 16–18 setae. Transverse sternapodeme 64.5–69, 66.75 µm long. Superior volsella (Fig. 1D) nearly bilobed or trilobed, apically pommel in shape, bearing 3 long setae and microtrichia; 46 µm long and 11.5 µm wide at apex. Inferior volsella absent. Gonocoxite 115–119, 117 µm long. Gonostylus 126.5–131, 128.75 µm long, tapered apically with pointed apex. HR 0.91–0.94, 0.925; HV 2.4–2.7, 2.55.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 2). West Bengal and Assam, India (present record).</p> <p>Remarks. Characters such as V shaped anal tergite band, absence of inferior volsella, bilobed or trilobed superior volsella and presence of frontal tubercles assert the positioning of this new species in Demicryptochironomus (Demicryptochironomus). Parallel sided anal point without ridge present in both the new species and D. (D). zairensis Lehman, 1979 but they differ in the shape of superior volsella and gonostylus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C4D1C27FFC4BF78B4D0FB88FBABF8A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mukherjee, Bindarika;Hazra, Niladri	Mukherjee, Bindarika, Hazra, Niladri (2022): Two new species of Demicryptochironomus Lenz, 1941 from India with tentative phylogenetic relationship and a revised world key to known males (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 5175 (1): 88-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.4
7C4D1C27FFC2BF7BB4D0F8C1FCF8FE79.text	7C4D1C27FFC2BF7BB4D0F8C1FCF8FE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Demicryptochironomus (Irmakia) dividuus Mukherjee et Hazra 2022	<div><p>Demicryptochironomus (Irmakia) dividuus Mukherjee et Hazra, sp. n.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 860D8812-98E8-4B14-ADBB-9E15BF1BFE63</p> <p>GenBank Accession No. ON881144</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype male, labelled ‘ Holotype Demicryptochironomus (Irmakia) dividuus sp. n., India, West Bengal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.3542&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.7095" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.3542/lat 26.7095)">Darjeeling</a> [26.7095° N, 88.3542° E], 04.ix.2021, Coll. G. Pal’. Paratype 1 male, labelled ‘ Paratype Demicryptochironomus (Irmakia) dividuus sp. n., India, West Bengal, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.8512&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.2393" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.8512/lat 23.2393)">Burdwan</a> [23.2393° N, 87.8512° E], 26.ii.2021, Coll. N. Hazra’.</p> <p>Diagnostic characters. The species can be separated from other species of the genus Demicryptochironomus (Irmakia) by the following combinations of features: partially divided superior volsella at apex, and apically pointed gonostylus with strong concavity.</p> <p>Etymology. The name “ dividuus ’’, a Latin word, refers to the partly divided superior volsella at apex.</p> <p>Male (n=2)</p> <p>Total length 2.4–3, 2.7 mm. Wing length 1.85–1.87 mm. Costal length 1.78 mm. Antennal length 0.8 mm.</p> <p>Colouration. Thorax yellowish brown, leg colour light brown, abdomen yellow to light brown.</p> <p>Head. Head width 500–540 µm. Temporal setae 8–10 (IV 1, OV 6–7, Po 0–2). Clypeal setae 9–10. Frontal tubercles present, 4.6–5 µm long. Eyes bare with dorsomedial extension of 115–130 µm. Ultimate flagellomere 490 µm long; AR 1.58. Length of palpomeres (I–V) (µm): 23: 46: 92: 105: 149. CA 0.63–0.68.</p> <p>Thorax. Acrostichals 4, dorsocentrals 12–14, prealars 3, supraalars 1–2 and scutellars 6–8.</p> <p>Wing (Fig. 3A). VR 1.14. R with 17 setae, R 4+5 with 18 setae. Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama with 4 fringed setae. FCu distinctly distal to RM. Anal lobe moderately developed.</p> <p>Legs. Fore tibia with 2–3 setae. Mid legs with 2 tibial spurs; 16–18.4 and 20.7 µm long, comb with 36–40 teeth. Hind leg with 2 tibial spurs; 23 µm and 25.3 µm long, comb with 48–50 teeth. Lengths (µm) and proportions of legs shown in table 2.</p> <p>Hypopygium (Figs. 3B–D).Anal tergite band Y shaped.Anal point 76–80.5 µm long, 9.2–11.5 µm wide, slightly widened sub apically, apically rounded, bearing 3–4 lateral setae on each side. Transverse sternapodeme 23–30 µm long. Digitiform superior volsella 18.34–20.7 µm long, 6.9–9.2 µm wide (Fig. 3D), partially bifurcated apex bearing 2 setae. Inferior volsella absent. Gonocoxite 138 µm long. Gonostylus 156–166 µm long, widest medially, apically pointed and strongly curved in middle with strong longitudinal keel. HR 0.84–0.88; HV 2.17.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 4). West Bengal, India (present record).</p> <p>Remarks. The new species shows closeness with D. (I). concavus Yan, Tang et Wang, 2005 in having somewhat similar shaped gonostylus but differs in the shape of superior volsella. Small thumb–like superior volsella is possessed by the new species and D. (I). fastigatus (Townes, 1945), but superior volsella is apically bisected in the new species while it is undivided apically in the latter species.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C4D1C27FFC2BF7BB4D0F8C1FCF8FE79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mukherjee, Bindarika;Hazra, Niladri	Mukherjee, Bindarika, Hazra, Niladri (2022): Two new species of Demicryptochironomus Lenz, 1941 from India with tentative phylogenetic relationship and a revised world key to known males (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 5175 (1): 88-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.4
7C4D1C27FFC1BF74B4D0FDF7FA34FB1E.text	7C4D1C27FFC1BF74B4D0FDF7FA34FB1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Demicryptochironomus Lenz 1941	<div><p>A world key to the males of Demicryptochironomus Lenz</p> <p>(Followed after Yan et al., 2008)</p> <p>1. Anal tergite bands V- or U-shaped; superior volsella digitiform or bilobed, with or without microtrichia; minute inferior volsella present or absent; gonostylus banana–shaped, without median constriction (subgenus Demicryptochironomus)........... 2</p> <p>- Anal tergite bands Y-shaped; superior volsella digitiform or racquet-shaped, never bilobed; inferior volsella absent; gonostylus constricted medially (subgenus Irmakia).................................................................. 20</p> <p>2. Inferior volsella present................................................................................ 3</p> <p>- Inferior volsella absent................................................................................ 11</p> <p>3. Gonostylus without conspicuous longitudinal keel; anal point strongly swollen medially (Orient).............................................................................................. D. minus Yan, Tang et Wang, 2005</p> <p>- Gonostylus with distinct longitudinal keel; anal point falciform or nearly parallel-sided............................. 4</p> <p>4. Inferior volsella bare (Palaearctic, Orient)............................ D. inawabeceus (Sasa, Kitami et Suzuki, 1999)</p> <p>- Inferior volsella with setae and/or microtrichia.............................................................. 5</p> <p>5. Inferior volsella sheet-shaped, without setae, and covered entirely with microtrichia................................ 6</p> <p>- Inferior volsella tubercle-shaped or lobe-shaped, with setae, covered with microtrichia basally or without microtrichia..... 7</p> <p>6. Gonostylus rounded apically; superior volsella thumb-like (Palaearctic, Orient).. D. asamaprimus Sasa et Hirabayashi, 1991</p> <p>- Gonostylus pointed apically; superior volsella with 1–3 tubercles (Palaearctic, Orient)........... D. tamacutus (Sasa, 1983)</p> <p>7. Inferior volsella without microtrichia...................................................................... 8</p> <p>- Inferior volsella with microtrichia........................................................................ 9</p> <p>8. Inferior volsella with 1–2 large, even tubercles, bearing 2 apical setae (Palaearctic, Orient)..... D. chuzequartus Sasa, 1984</p> <p>- Inferior volsella widened at base, with small lateral projection, bearing 1 apical and 1 subapical seta (Palaearctic, Orient)............................................................................. D. harunasecundus (Sasa, 1996)</p> <p>9. Gonostylus nearly straight; inferior volsella lobe-like, with microtrichia in basal 2/3 (Palaearctic, Orient)..................................................................................... D. ginzancedeus Sasa et Suzuki, 2001</p> <p>- Gonostylus bent medially or in apical 1/3; inferior volsella tubercle-like, with microtrichia at base.................... 10</p> <p>10. Anal point parallel-sided; superior and inferior volsella subequal in length, neither surpassing margin of gonostylus; HR 1.75– 1.80 (Palaearctic, Orient)............................................................. D. evgenii Zorina, 2004</p> <p>- Anal point widened at apical 1/3, superior volsella 1.88–2.00 times longer than inferior volsella, both surpassing margin of gonostylus, HR 1.00 (Palaearctic, Orient)................................................ D. lutoga Zorina, 2004</p> <p>11. Superior volsella with single long seta (Palaearctic, Orient).............................. D. uresicarinus Sasa, 1989</p> <p>- Superior volsella with at least two long setae.............................................................. 12</p> <p>12. Superior volsella club shaped (Orient)...................................................... D. praeacutus sp. n.</p> <p>- Superior volsella variable shaped........................................................................ 13</p> <p>13. Base of anal point with shoulders making it subrectangular (Afrotropical)................... D. zairensis Lehmann, 1979</p> <p>- Base of anal point triangular............................................................................ 14</p> <p>14. Gonostylus without or weekly developed longitudinal keel................................................... 15</p> <p>- Gonostylus with strong longitudinal keel................................................................. 18</p> <p>15. Superior volsella covered with microtrichia................................................................ 16</p> <p>- Superior volsella without microtrichia.................................................................... 17</p> <p>16. Superior volsella pediform (Palaearctic)........................................... D. paracamptolabis Ree, 2012</p> <p>- Superior volsella two small tubercle like (Orient)............................ D. antennarius Yan, Tang et Wang, 2005</p> <p>17. Anal point with median ridges covered with microtrichia (Orient)...................... D. yui Yan, Tang et Wang, 2005</p> <p>- Anal point bare, without median ridges (Palaearctic, Orient)......................... D. irioabeus Sasa et Suzuki, 2000</p> <p>18. Superior volsella patch-like; gonostylus nearly parallel-sided (Orient)............... D. pannus Yan, Tang et Wang, 2005</p> <p>- Superior volsella digitiform; gonostylus curved............................................................ 19</p> <p>19. Superior volsella bilobed apically; U shaped anal tergite band (Orient).................. D. vulneratus (Zetterstedt, 1838)</p> <p>- Superior volsella consisting of two finger like unequal lobe; anal tergite band absent (Palaearctic).................................................................................................... D. wontongensis Ree, 2012</p> <p>20. Superior volsella without setae (Orient).................................... D. clarilatus (Guha et Chaudhuri, 1981)</p> <p>- Superior volsella with setae............................................................................ 21</p> <p>21. Superior volsella partly divided apically (Orient)............................................... D. dividuus sp. n.</p> <p>- Superior volsella variable shaped........................................................................ 22</p> <p>22. Tergite IX with shoulder-like posterior margin............................................................. 23</p> <p>- Tergite IX with cone-shaped posterior margin............................................................. 24</p> <p>23. Superior volsella digitiform, with 2 apical setae; anal point nearly parallel-sided (Afrotropical)............................................................................................... D. cinereithorax Goetghebuer, 1934</p> <p>- Superior volsella spatulate, with 3 subapical setae; anal point strongly constricted medially (Orient)...................................................................................... D. retusus Yan, Saether, Jin et Wang, 2008</p> <p>24. AR 3.25; base of anal point large, about 2/3 as long as anal point (Holarctic)................ D. cuneatus (Townes, 1945)</p> <p>- AR 1.14–2.64; base of anal point small, less than 1/2 as long as anal point....................................... 25</p> <p>25. Base of anal point not constricted; anal point parallel-sided or conical.......................................... 26</p> <p>- Base of anal point constricted; anal point spatulate.......................................................... 29</p> <p>26. Superior volsella swollen distally, with subapical setae....................................................... 27</p> <p>- Superior volsella parallel-sided, with apical setae.......................................................... 28</p> <p>27. AR 1.63; gonostylus with strong inner concavity in apical 1/3; superior volsella with 2 setae (Palaearctic, Orient).............................................................................. D. concavus Yan, Tang et Wang, 2005</p> <p>- AR 2.27; gonostylus with weak inner concavity in apical 1/3, superior volsella with 3 setae (Palaearctic, Orient)......................................................................... D. oyabeprimus (Sasa, Kawai et Ueno, 1988)</p> <p>28. Gonostylus with basal projection and rounded apex (Palaearctic, Orient).................... D. neglectus (Reiss, 1988)</p> <p>- Gonostylus without basal projection and pointed apex (Holarctic, Orient)................. D. fastigatus (Townes, 1945)</p> <p>29. Superior volsella narrow, digitiform, pointed, with 1 median lateral seta and 1 subapical seta (Orient)................................................................................................... D. banepae (Reiss, 1988)</p> <p>- Superior volsella cylindrical or swollen distally, with 2–3 subapical or apical setae................................ 30</p> <p>30. Superior volsella cylindrical with 2 apical setae............................................................ 31</p> <p>- Superior volsella racket-like, swollen at apex, with 2 subapical setae............................................ 32</p> <p>31. Ridges on base of anal point with lateral setae; gonostylus strongly curved in apical 1/3; AR 2.32; LR1 1.93 (Orient)........................................................................... D. constrictus Yan, Tang et Wang, 2005</p> <p>- Ridges on base of anal point without lateral setae; gonostylus weakly curved in apical 1/3; AR 1.41–1.62; LR1 1.60–1.69 (Palaearctic)....................................................................... D. schachti Reiss, 1988</p> <p>32. Anal point strongly swollen medially, ridges with lateral setae; AR 2.03; LR 1 1.86–2.08 (Orient)............................................................................................... D. spatulatus Wang et Zheng, 1994</p> <p>- Anal point slightly swollen medially, ridges without lateral setae; AR 1.43–1.56; LR1 1.71–1.72 (Palaearctic)................................................................................................ D. latior Reiss, 1988</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C4D1C27FFC1BF74B4D0FDF7FA34FB1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mukherjee, Bindarika;Hazra, Niladri	Mukherjee, Bindarika, Hazra, Niladri (2022): Two new species of Demicryptochironomus Lenz, 1941 from India with tentative phylogenetic relationship and a revised world key to known males (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 5175 (1): 88-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.4
