identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3227AE26907E0A33AC8B6B8FFBD645F6.text	3227AE26907E0A33AC8B6B8FFBD645F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lilium punctulatum (Sealy) Y. M. Yuan & Y. D. Gao	<div><p>Lilium punctulatum (Sealy) Y.M.Yuan &amp; Y.D.Gao, comb. &amp; stat. nov. (Fig. 1.)</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. West Yunnan, eastern boundary of Lijiang valley, 27° 25’ N, elevation ca. 3353 m. June 1910, Forrest 5816 (holotype: K000900813, digital image!; isotypes: K000900814, digital image!; PE00036102, digital image!; PE00036109, digit image!; IBSC0643956 digit image!; IBSC0643957 digit image!).</p> <p>The new species is most similar to L. basilissum and L. sealyi, which belong to subsection Nomocharis of Lilium, and has whorled leaves, a rose or pink cupular to flat perianth and swollen and cylindric filaments that become distally filiform. It can be distinguished by its elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic leaves, perianth with dark red spots decreasing from the base of the pinkish petals and margin of the inner tepals erose.</p> <p>Perennial herbs, 30–70 cm tall. Bulbs ovoid-globose, 2.8–3.6 × 1.5–2.2 cm, scales white without a tunic. Stem glabrous, 20.2–36.6 cm. Leaves cauline, whorled, elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 2.2–6.2 × 0.5–2.3 cm. Flowers 1– several. Perianth saucer-shaped, pinkish, crimson spots or blotches covering almost the whole petal, the deepest and most numerous at the base and gradually decreasing toward the distal end. Tepals 6, outer ovate, 2.4–3.8 × 1.0– 1.7 cm, margin entire; inner, ovate to orbicular, 2.2–3.6 × 1.4–3.0 cm, margin usually erose or lacerate; nectary processes 2, dark maroon, ridges of tissue arranged in a fan shape. Stamens 6, filaments, 5–6 mm long, consisting of a cylindrical body and thinner apex, bearing a yellow anther 4.0–5.0 × 2.0 mm. Ovary 6–7 mm, style clavate, ca. 7 mm with trilobed stigmas, 2–3 mm long.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:— Known only from the Lijiang Valley, Gongshan and Eryuan Counties, Yunnan Province, China. It prefers a moist environment generally above 3000 m with Rhododendron in coniferous forests and alpine meadows</p> <p>Notes:— Lilium punctulatum has previously been confused with L. pardanthinum. Through field discoveries, literature survey and lab work, we find that Sealy’s form has discrete morphological features and relatively stable and distinguishable distribution and has persisted for a considerable time in northwestern Yunnan. The rapid diversification of this groups has caused low genetic divergence, common in this area in other groups (Liu et al. 2006, Sun et al. 2012, Zhang et al. 2014). A more comprehensive sampling of the Nomocharis clade would contribute to a fuller understanding of these rapid events and their demographic history. Members of the Nomocharis clade possess great morphological variation and low molecular divergence (Gao et al. 2012). Such inconsistency indicates there is no single universal standard to discriminate species and there is always a need for combining methods in a comprehensive investigation.</p> <p>Conservation status: —The number of this individuals is extremely low, and only two to three mature individuals can be found in a single population. It is critically endangered and a “plant species with extremely small populations”. Due to less than 50 mature individuals in each subpopulation, we propose to classify L. punctulatum as critically endangered (CR; IUCN 2022), thus needing immediate protection.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan, 24 July 1989, Xie 89017 (KUN0833085, KUN0833084, KUN0833060); Gongshan, 2009, Gao GYD00160 (CDBI); Eryuan, 30 June 1929, Qin 23051 (PE00036112); Eryuan, 6 June 1981, Tang 277 (PE01595944); Shweli-Salwin divide, Aug 1919, Forrest 18274 (PE00036111); Dali, 15 June 1945, Wang 4756 (IBSC0643952, IBSC0643954, PE00330353); Dali, 27 July 1933, Tsai 53853 (PE00330348); Dali, 1913, Forrest 11624 (PE00330368); Dali, May 1935, Wang 63214 (PE00330356, NAS00550392); Dali, May 1935, Wang 63159 (PE00330352); Ninglang, 27 June 1960, Jiang et al. 6100 (PE00330360); Lanping, 7 July 1960, unknown collector 9808 (PE00330362); Ludian, 22 July 1956, PMao 00164 (PE00330364); Ludian, 16 July 1956, Mao 00111 (PE00330366); Ludian, 23 June 1939, Zhao 20928 (PE00330363); Shangri-La, July 1918, Forrest 16644 (PE00330369); Dali, 30 May 1955, Wu et al. 1424 (PE00036107); Dali, 2 Mar 1890, Delavay s.n. (PE00036108); Dali, Qin 22712 (PE00330346); Lanping, 28 June 1981, Hengduan Mountains team of Beijing Botanical Institute 1194 (PE00036101, PE00330344); Huaping, 17 July 1960, Jiang et al. 6232 (PE00330345); Dali, June 1941, Wang 837 (PE00330351, PE00330350); Dali, 3 September 1945, Wang 4865 (PE00330349). Sichuan: Dechang, 3 June 1976, Sichuan survey team of plant 11727 (CDBI0165488, CDBI0165487, CDBI 0165486, PE00330341); Zhaojue, 9 July 1976, Sichuan team of plant 12922 (CDBI0165485, CDBI0165484, PE00330340); Yuexi, 13 July 1959, Liangshan survey team of wild plant 3920 (CDBI0165483, PE00330336); Leibo, 2 June 1959, Sichuan survey team of economic plant 0846 (CDBI0165481, CDBI0165482, PE00330335, PE00330337); Muli, 4 July 1960, Ying 4425 (PE00330339); Miyi, 7 July 1983 Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau team 11802 (PE01146039, PE01146040); Yanyuan, 10 June 1984, Chen et al. 6117 (PE01377736, PE01377739, PE01377738, PE 01377737); Puge, 4 Aug 1960, Sichuan survey team of drug source 25058 (NAS00550391); Yuexi, 14 June 1979, unkonown collector 0534 (SM722203826); Zhaojue, 26 June 1979, Zhaojue survey team 0637 (SM722203830, SM722203831).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3227AE26907E0A33AC8B6B8FFBD645F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yuan, Yumei;Ju, Wen-Bin;Gao, Yundong	Yuan, Yumei, Ju, Wen-Bin, Gao, Yundong (2022): Lilium punctulatum (Liliaceae), a rare and endangered species from northwestern Yunnan, China, elevated from varietal to species status. Phytotaxa 558 (2): 243-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.558.2.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.558.2.8
3227AE2690780A33AC8B6B85FA4640F7.text	3227AE2690780A33AC8B6B85FA4640F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nomocharis Franchet 1889	<div><p>Key to species of Nomocharis</p> <p>1. Leaves whorled; nectaries at the base of inner tepals flabellate with flanges; filaments swollen, cylindric proximally, abruptly narrowed to a filiform tip distally connected to the anther; margin of inner tepals entire or erose...................................................2</p> <p>– Leaves alternate; filaments nearly subulate, slender, tapering from flat, wide base to filiform apex; margin of inner tepals entire...............................................................................................................................................................................................................6</p> <p>2. Perianth shallowly cupular, inner tepals neither spotted nor blotched with deep colour, margin entire......................... L. basilissum</p> <p>– Perianth white or pale pink, inner tepals darkly spotted or blotched, margin entire or erose............................................................3</p> <p>3. Tepals ovate to elliptic, more than 1.5 × as long as broad, erose at the margin, blotched all over with purple......... L. meleagrinum</p> <p>– Tepals ovate to orbicular, scarcely or slightly longer than broad.......................................................................................................4</p> <p>4. Margins of the inner tepals erose or lacerate; perigone blotched all over with dark purple, outer tepals weakly spotted, inner tepals densely blotched or spotted....................................................................................................................................... L. pardanthinum</p> <p>– Inner tepals margin weakly erose; spots and blotches are concentrated at base of the petals and become sparse gradually............5</p> <p>5. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate rarely ovate, perigone red, flat with purple-red or crimson spots and blotches distributed densely at the base and decreasing gradually..................................................................................................................................... L. punctulatum</p> <p>– Leaves linear to lanceolate, perigone shallowly cupular at first, white to pale pink or rose with spots or small blotches of crimson or purple mainly at base......................................................................................................................................................... L. sealyi</p> <p>6. Perigone pale yellow and not with swellings or flanges on the sides at the base of inner tepals.............................. L. gongshanense</p> <p>– Perigone white to pink or rose and nectaries of the inner tepals either flanges of tissue arranged flabellate or swellings or ridges on either side of the short median channel..............................................................................................................................................7</p> <p>7. Nectaries of inner tepals with a series of flanges arranged flabellately on both sides of a short median channel........ L. synapticum</p> <p>– Nectaries of inner tepal swellings on both sides of the basal median channels.................................................................................8</p> <p>8. Perigone flat, blotched in the lower half or all over; style longer than (rarely equal to) the ovary................................... L. apertum</p> <p>– Perigone cupular or shallowly cupular, finely spotted at the base and lightly so over the lower half; style shorter than the ovary............................................................................................................................................................................................ L. saluenense</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3227AE2690780A33AC8B6B85FA4640F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yuan, Yumei;Ju, Wen-Bin;Gao, Yundong	Yuan, Yumei, Ju, Wen-Bin, Gao, Yundong (2022): Lilium punctulatum (Liliaceae), a rare and endangered species from northwestern Yunnan, China, elevated from varietal to species status. Phytotaxa 558 (2): 243-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.558.2.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.558.2.8
