taxonID	type	description	language	source
83599F31FFFBFFD88FCCFEBFC8B2FA01.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Pleonite without dorsal carina. Urosomite 1 without dorsolateral flange. Antenna 1 slightly longer than antenna 2 or almost same length; male antennae with or without calceoli; female antennae lacking calceoli. Mandible incisor small; molar large, weakly triturative, not setose; palp attached opposite molar. Maxilla 1 inner plate with two apical setae; outer plate with 11 robust setae apically; palp two-articulate. Male gnathopod 1 larger than gnathopod 2, subchelate, posterodistal corner of palmar margin of propodus with two large, nodular robust setae. Female gnathopod 1 chelate. Uropod 2 inner ramus without notch. Uropod 3 short; inner ramus vestigial; outer ramus two-articulate. Telson short, entire.	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
83599F31FFFBFFD88FCCFEBFC8B2FA01.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Paronesimoides lignivorous Pirlot, 1933, by monotypy.	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
83599F31FFFBFFD88FCCFEBFC8B2FA01.taxon	synonymic_list	Species composition Paronesimoides contains three species: P. calceolus sp. nov., P. lignivorous, 1933, and P. voightae Larsen, 2007.	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
83599F31FFFBFFD88FCCFEBFC8B2FA01.taxon	discussion	Remarks Paronesimoides is most similar to Onesimoides Stebbing, 1888 in having well-developed maxilliped plates, subchelate male gnathopod 1, unnotched inner ramus of uropod 2, reduced inner ramus of uropod 3, and a short, entire telson. However, Paronesimoides is distinguished from Onesimoides by the longer peduncular article 2 of antenna 1 (0.5 – 0.6 times as long as article 1 in Paronesimoides vs 0.2 – 0.4 times in Onesimoides) and the extremely reduced inner ramus of uropod 3 (less than 0.1 times as long as outer ramus of uropod 3 in Paronesimoides vs 0.5 – 1.0 times in Onesimoides) (Stebbing 1888; Pirlot 1933; Bellan-Santini 1974; Lowry and Stoddart 1993, 1994, 1996; Larsen 2007).	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
83599F31FFFBFFD08FA2FA1ECFFCFDAF.taxon	description	(Figures 2 – 6)	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
83599F31FFFBFFD08FA2FA1ECFFCFDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype. Male (6.8 mm), AMNH _ IZC 00361497, the surface of the chimney named ‘ Chim 4 ’ in the CH 3 site in the Shinkai Seep Field (Okumura et al. 2016), Mariana Trench (11.656 ° N, 143.048 ° E), 5689 – 5683 m, collected by H. K. Watanabe, 17 July 2014. Paratype. Female (3.8 mm), AMNH _ IZC 00361498, data same as for the holotype.	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
83599F31FFFBFFD08FA2FA1ECFFCFDAF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Lateral cephalic lobe of head rounded distally. Antenna 1 slightly longer than antenna 2. Peduncular article 3 of antenna 2 with strong posteroventral process. Male antennae 1 and 2 with calceoli. Mandibular palp article 3 0.8 times as long as article 2. Propodus of male gnathopod 1 length 1.2 times width, with two uneven-sized nodular robust setae on distal part of palmar margin. Coxa 4 with shallow posteroproximal concavity. Telson with two rows of dorsocentral short setae.	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
83599F31FFFBFFD08FA2FA1ECFFCFDAF.taxon	description	Description Male [holotype, AMNH _ IZC 00361497]. Head (Figure 2) deeper than long; lateral cephalic lobe large and rounded distally; antennal sinus shallow and rounded; rostrum short; eyes absent. Pereonites 1 – 7 (Figure 2) dorsally smooth with fine setae. Pleonites 1 – 3 (Figure 2) without dorsal carina, bearing fine setae. Posterior margin of epimeral plates 1 and 2 (Figure 3 a, b) rounded, each with a small seta. Posterodistal corner of epimeral plate 3 with small process accompanied by small seta. Urosomites 1 – 3 (Figure 2) without dorsolateral flange and notch. Antenna 1 (Figure 3 d) short, 0.3 times as long as body; peduncular articles 1 – 3 rectangular, in length ratio of 1.0: 0.6: 0.2; length of peduncular article 1 1.5 times width; primary flagellum 17 - articulate with calceoli (Figure 3 e); accessory flagellum fivearticulate. Antenna 2 (Figure 3 f) 0.9 times as long as antenna 1; posterior part of peduncular article 3 strongly produced; peduncular article 4 slightly longer than article 5; flagellum 15 - articulate with calceoli. Upper lip (Figure 3 g) with weakly concave ventral margin, bearing fine setae. Mandible (Figure 3 h, i) with small incisor; lacinia mobilis a cuspidate peg; accessory setal row with two short plumose setae; molar with weakly triturative surface, not setose; mandibular palp three-articulate in length ratio of 1.0: 4.9: 3.8, attached opposite molar; palp article 1 bare, articles 2 and 3 with nine and 11 setae, respectively. Lower lip (Figure 3 j) with broad outer lobes bearing fine setae, inner lobes indistinct. Maxilla 1 (Figure 3 k) with inner plate bearing two setae apically; outer plate (Figure 3 l) with 11 robust setae, seven of which obviously serrate; palp two-articulate, article 1 short, article 2 with seven robust setae along apical margin and slender seta on apical submargin. Maxilla 2 (Figure 3 m) with narrow inner plate, bearing long plumose setae medially; outer plate slightly longer than inner plate. Maxilliped (Figure 4 a) with rectangular inner plate with two nodular and two small robust setae apically (Figure 4 b), oblique setal row with nine plumose setae; outer plate ovate with nodular robust setae along apical to medial margin (Figure 4 c); palp fourarticulate, article 1 with seta on outer margin, article 2 longest with seta on outer margin and setal row on inner margin, article 3 with setae on inner and outer margins and fine facial setae, article 4 with fine facial setae, nail distinct. Gnathopod 1 (Figure 4 d) subchelate; coxa broad, bearing setae along anterior to ventral margin; basis weakly arched, length 3.3 times width, with setae on anterior and posterior margins; ischium short, length 1.4 times width, with seta on posterior margin, posterodistal corner with pair of setae; merus with five setae on posterior margin; carpus length 1.1 times width; propodus rectangular, length 1.2 times width, posterior margin weakly convex with a few setae, palmar margin (Figure 4 e) transverse, waved, with two nodular robust setae distally; dactylus (Figure 4 e) slightly exceeding distal part of palm, with seta on anterior margin and three setae on mediodistal surface. Gnathopod 2 (Figure 4 f) minutely chelate; coxa subrectangular bearing setae along anterior to ventral margin; basis straight, length 4.3 times width, with setae on anterior and posterior margins; ischium relatively long, length 2.3 times width, with setae on anterior and posterior margins, posterodistal corner with cluster of setae, laterodistal surface with patch of tiny setae; merus with five setae on ventral margin, ventral surface with tiny setae; carpus length 2.6 times width, dorsal and ventral surfaces with tiny setae; propodus length 1.4 times width, surface covered with tiny setae, lateroventral surface with palmate setae, palmar margin (Figure 4 g) weakly convex with serration, posterodistal corner of palmar margin with two medial robust setae; dactylus (Figure 4 g) short, not reaching posterodistal corner of palmar margin, with seta on anterior margin and four setae on lateral surface. Pereopod 3 (Figure 4 h) with subrectangular coxa bearing setae along anterodistal to ventral margin; lateral surface of merus and carpus with tiny setae; propodus with five robust setae along posterior margin, posterodistal corner with pair of robust setae; dactylus (Figure 4 i) slender. Pereopod 4 (Figure 5 a) with broad coxa bearing setae along anterodistal to ventral margin, posteroproximal part with wide, shallow concavity; lateral surface of merus and carpus with tiny setae; propodus with five robust setae along posterior margin, posterodistal corner with pair of robust setae; dactylus slender. Pereopod 5 (Figure 5 b) with equilobate coxa; basis weakly expanded, length 1.4 times width, with long setae along anterior margin, posterior margin slightly crenate with short setae; merus and carpus without setae on posterior margin, posterodistal corner with robust seta; propodus with five robust setae along anterior margin, anterodistal corner with pair of robust setae; dactylus slender. Pereopod 6 (Figure 5 c) with small coxa, anterior lobe reduced, posterior lobe broad; basis length 1.7 times width, with long setae on anterodistal margin, posterior margin slightly crenate with short setae; merus and carpus each with robust seta on posterior margin and posterodistal corner, respectively; propodus with five robust setae along anterior margin, anterodistal corner with pair of robust setae; dactylus slender. Pereopod 7 (Figure 5 d) with small coxa, subtriangular; basis expanded posteriorly, length 1.4 times width, with long setae on anterodistal margin, posterior margin slightly crenate with short setae; merus with two robust setae on posterior margin and robust seta on posterodistal corner; carpus with robust seta on posterior margin and posterodistal corner; propodus with four robust setae along anterior margin, anterodistal corner with pair of robust setae; dactylus slender. Coxal gills on gnathopod 2 and pereopods 3 – 6 (Figure 2). Pleopods 1 – 3 (Figure 5 e) with broad peduncle, with setae along lateral margin, mediodistal margin with paired retinacula (Figure 5 f). Uropod 1 (Figure 5 g, h) with peduncle bearing four dorsolateral, one apicolateral, four dorsomedial and one apicomedial robust setae; inner ramus 0.8 times as long as peduncle, with two dorsal robust setae; outer ramus 1.1 times as long as inner ramus, with three dorsal robust setae. Uropod 2 (Figure 5 i) with peduncle bearing two dorsolateral, one apicolateral, one apicomedial and one distoventral robust setae; inner ramus 0.8 times as long as peduncle, with dorsal robust seta; outer ramus slightly shorter than inner ramus, with two dorsal robust setae. Uropod 3 (Figure 5 j) with peduncle 1.2 times as long as outer ramus, with robust setae distally; inner ramus small, scale-like, 0.1 times as long as outer ramus, with apical seta; outer ramus two-articulate, proximal article marginally bare, with two distal setae, distal article 0.3 times as long as proximal article. Telson (Figure 5 k) semicircular, distal margin smooth, length 0.9 times width, with four lateral penicillate setae, two rows of dorsocentral short setae and two distal simple setae. Female [paratype, AMNH _ IZC 00361498]. Antenna 1 (Figure 6 a) peduncular articles 1 – 3 rectangular, in length ratio of 1.0: 0.5: 0.4; length of peduncular article 1 1.3 times width; primary flagellum nine-articulate without calceoli; accessory flagellum three-articulate. Antenna 2 (Figure 6 b) 0.7 times as long as antenna 1; flagellum seven-articulate without calceoli. Gnathopod 1 (Figure 6 c, d) chelate; coxa weakly tapering; propodus length 2.6 times width, mediodistal part of palm with two curved robust setae, palmar margin minutely serrate; dactylus slightly exceeding distal part of palm. Gnathopod 2 (Figure 6 e, f) similar to that of male, carpus length 2.0 times width.	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
83599F31FFFBFFD08FA2FA1ECFFCFDAF.taxon	etymology	Etymology The new specific name is derived from the presence of calceoli on male antennae 1 and 2.	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
83599F31FFFBFFD08FA2FA1ECFFCFDAF.taxon	discussion	Remarks Paronesimoides calceolus sp. nov. differs from its congeners with respect to the following features: from P. lignivorous (features of P. lignivorous in parentheses): the cephalic lobe of the head is rounded (pointed); antenna 2 has the peduncular article 3 with a posteroventral process (lacking a process); mandibular palp article 3 is 0.8 times as long as article 2 (0.6 times); length of propodus of gnathopod 1 is 1.2 times its width (1.6 times); and posteroproximal concavity of coxa 4 is shallow (deep); from P. voightae (features of P. voightae in parentheses), the cephalic lobe of the head is rounded (pointed); antenna 1 is longer than antenna 2 (almost the same length); antennae have calceoli in male (absent); two nodular robust setae on the distal part of the palmar margin of gnathopod 1 are of uneven size (even-sized); coxa 2 does not cover the ventral margin of coxa 1 (most of the posteroventral margin covered by coxa 2); and telson has two rows of dorsocentral short setae (absent).	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
83599F31FFFBFFD08FA2FA1ECFFCFDAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality.	en	Tomikawa, Ko, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Tanaka, Katsuhiko, Ohara, Yasuhiko (2022): Discovery of a new species of Paronesimoides (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Tryphosidae) from a cold seep of Mariana Trench. Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8): 463-474, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2074906
