taxonID	type	description	language	source
1E64E12B3E6FFFA37FBDBCE8DC0DFBB4.taxon	description	The worker caste of the subgenus Orthocrema was diagnosed by Blaimer (2012 c) on a global scale. For the purpose of taxonomic convenience, we present the following characteristics for Asian fauna: 1. Mandibles with four teeth on the masticatory margin; the teeth located at equal distance each other in most species, but basal tooth located apart from other teeth in subterranean species (Hosoishi et al., 2010). 2. Palp formula 5, 3 (Bolton, 2003). 3. Anterolateral margins of clypeus not protruded anteriorly (Hosoishi & Ogata, 2012). 4. Clypeus usually striated with longitudinal rugulae; the length of rugulae variable in different species. 5. Antenna 11 - segmented. 6. Antennal club 2 - segmented. Apical two flagellar segments clearly distinguished in coloration from other flagellar segments especially in the C. baduvi group. 7. Sensilla basiconica and sensilla trichodea curvata distributed in the apical two flagellar segments (Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009 c). 8. Compound eye generally distinct and large, but strongly reduced in subterranean species (Hosoishi et al., 2010). 9. Ocelli rarely present in intermediate workers. 10. Occipital carina distinct. 11. Mesonotal ridges developed dorsolaterally, but weakly developed in C. masukoi and C. moatensis. 12. Ventrolateral katepisternal ridge distinct (Hosoishi, 2015). 13. Propodeal spines usually developed, but undeveloped or small tubercles in C. binghamii. 14. Petiole usually with subparallel sides. 15. Petiole usually with short process posteriorly. 16. Postpetiole not bilobed. If weakly bilobed, usually without distinct longitudinal median sulcus. 17. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect to suberect setae. 18. Body principally yellow, but sometimes partly brown to black in C. binghami group, C. biroi group, C. moatensis group and C. quadriruga group, but brown in C. baduvi group. 19. Monomorphic in size; intermediate workers occasionally present. 20. Nesting in soil; some species nesting in dead twigs on lower vegetation.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E6FFFA37FBDBCE8DC0DFBB4.taxon	synonymic_list	SYNONYMIC LIST OF ASIAN Orthocrema SPECIES In this study, five species groups are established within the Asian Orthocrema. The species groups were defined based on putative apomorphies and discrete morphological boundaries. The species groups recognized here will provide a possible basis for new monophyletic taxa. The C. baduvi, C. binghamii and C. biroi groups are relatively easily defined, but the C. quadriruga group is probably not monophyletic as currently defined. The C. moatensis group was represented by a single species since the position of C. moatensis in cladograms was always consistent. The taxa should ideally be monophyletic, but also considered as useful units for taxonomic purposes in the case of hyperdiverse genera. Crematogaster baduvi group C. baduvi Forel, 1912 b. C. brunensis sp. nov. C. macracantha Creighton, 1945. C. storki sp. nov. Crematogaster binghamii group C. binghamii Forel, 1904. C. brevispina sp. nov. C. longipilosa Forel, 1907. Crematogaster biroi group C. biroi Mayr, 1897. = C. aitkenii Forel, 1902 a. syn. nov. = C. biroi smythiesii Forel, 1902 a. syn. nov. = C. urvijae Bharti, 2003. syn. nov. C. fritzi Emery, 1901. C. luzonensis sp. nov. C. masukoi Hosoishi, Yamane & Ogata, 2010. C. ocellata sp. nov. C. osakensis Forel, 1900. C. reticulata Hosoishi, 2009. C. schimmeri Forel, 1912 a. C. udo Forel, 1905. C. vieti sp. nov. Crematogaster moatensis group C. moatensis sp. nov. Crematogaster quadriruga group C. bandarensis Forel, 1913. stat. nov. = C. biroi andelis Santschi, 1928. syn. nov. C. celebensis sp. nov. C. gavapiga Menozzi, 1935. C. javanica Menozzi, 1935. C. myops Forel, 1911 a. C. philippinensis sp. nov. C. quadriruga Forel, 1911 c. stat. nov. C. suehiro Terayama, 1999. = C. miroku Terayama, 2013. syn. nov. C. sundalandensis sp. nov. The species groups of Asian Orthocrema species Apomorphies of the species groups obtained by cladistic analysis are given in italics.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E6FFFA37FBDBCE8DC0DFBB4.taxon	description	Crematogaster baduvi group Relatively long scape (SI 98 – 118). Basal flagellar segment (antennal segment III) longer than broad. Propodeal spines long and directed laterally. Postpetiolar dorsum highly convex in lateral view; postpetiole distinctly higher than petiole in lateral view. This species group is easily distinguished by the propodeal spines directed laterally and highly convex postpetiolar dorsum from other Asian Orthocrema species. Crematogaster binghamii group Basal flagellar segment (antennal segment III) longer than broad. Posterior margins of mesonotum forming short triangle-shaped process in lateral view. Propodeal spines undeveloped, or developed and directed posteriorly. Standing pilosity abundant on body surface. This species group is easily distinguished by the short triangle-shaped process on posterior margins of mesonotum and long and abundant standing pilosity from other Asian Orthocrema species. Crematogaster biroi group Relatively short scape (SI 70 – 89). Basal flagellar segment (antennal segment III) broader than long. Anterior margin of pronotal collar almost straight in dorsal view. Dorsal surface of propodeum striated with rugulae. Mesosoma sculptured. Subpetiolar process developed acutely. Subpostpetiolar process developed acutely. This species group is easily distinguished by the subpostpetiolar process developed acutely and sculptured surface of mesosoma from other Asian Orthocrema species. Crematogaster moatensis group Two apical flagellar segments not differentiated in coloration. Pronotum distinctly higher than pronotal collar. Metanotal groove not covered by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval. Petiole long and slender. This species group is unique in having the metanotal groove not covered by lamellate ridges, oval-shaped propodeal spiracles and long and slender petiole from other Asian Orthocrema fauna. Crematogaster quadriruga group Relatively long scape (SI 81 – 100). Basal flagellar segment (antennal segment III) broader than long. Subpetiolar process developed. Subpostpetiolar portion wholly convex in lateral view. Mesosoma generally smooth and shining. This species group is distinguished by the subpostpetiolar portion wholly convex and smooth and shining surface of mesosoma from other Asian Orthocrema species.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E6CFFAC7C8FBEC5D8D4FB05.taxon	description	(FIG. 96)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E6CFFAC7C8FBEC5D8D4FB05.taxon	materials_examined	one syntype worker, Nusa Kambangan, Java, Indonesia (MHNG, examined).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E6CFFAC7C8FBEC5D8D4FB05.taxon	materials_examined	Crematogaster baduvi; Forel, 1913: 77 [Description of queen]. Crematogaster baduvi [sic]; Crawley, 1924: 394. Crematogaster baduvi; Menozzi, 1935: 104 [Description of male]. Crematogaster baduvi; Emery, 1922: 131 [Combination in C. (Orthocrema)]. Crematogaster baduvi; Blaimer, 2012 c: 55 [Combination in C. (Orthocrema)].	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E6CFFAC7C8FBEC5D8D4FB05.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 17): HW 0.47 – 0.57; HL 0.48 – 0.59; CI 92 – 100; SL 0.47 – 0.58; SI 98 – 108; EL 0.11 – 0.14; PW 0.26 – 0.35; WL 0.60 – 0.72; PSL 0.15 – 0.21; PtL 0.23 – 0.28; PtW 0.15 – 0.20; PtH 0.13 – 0.16; PpL 0.13 – 0.16; PpW 0.16 – 0.20; PtHI 54 – 67; PtWI 65 – 83; PpWI 113 – 146; WI 90 – 107. KEY TO SPECIES BASED ON THE WORKER CASTE (EXCEPT FOR C. GAVAPIGA MENOZZI, C. JAVANICA MENOZZI, AND C. UDO FOREL THAT WERE NOT EXAMINED) 1. Propodeal spines directed laterally (Fig. 31). Postpetiolar dorsum highly convex in lateral view; postpetiole dis- tinctly higher than petiole in lateral view (Fig. 36) (C. baduvi group) ....................................................... 2 – Propodeal spines directed posteriorly (Fig. 30). Postpetiolar dorsum not highly convex in lateral view; postpetiole as high as petiole in lateral view (Fig. 37) ............................................................................................ 5 2. Transverse distance between tips of propodeal spines distinctly longer than head width in dorsal view (Fig. 53). Mesosoma densely sculptured (Borneo) .............................................................. C. macracantha Creighton – Transverse distance between tips of propodeal spines shorter than head width in dorsal view (Fig. 54). Mesosoma generally smooth and shining ............................................................................................................ 3 3. Propodeal spines curved upward at tip (Fig. 55) (Sulawesi) ............................................... C. storki, sp. nov. – Propodeal spines not curved upward at tip (Fig. 56) ............................................................................... 4 4. Head smaller (HW 0.43 – 0.47; HL 0.46 – 0.49). Scape relatively long (SI 113 – 118). Propodeal dorsum smooth. Propodeal spines long (PSL 0.20 – 0.22). Lateral surface of petiole weakly sculptured (Borneo) ........... C. brunensis, sp. nov. – Head larger (HW 0.47 – 0.57; HL 0.48 – 0.59). Scape relatively short (SI 98 – 108). Propodeal dorsum striated with feeble rugulae. Propodeal spines relatively shorter (PSL 0.15 – 0.21). Lateral surface of petiole sculptured (W. Ma- laysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra) ....................................................................................... C. baduvi Forel 5. Metanotal groove not covered by lamellate ridges dorsolaterally (Fig. 28) (Sulawesi) ........ C. moatensis, sp. nov. – Metanotal groove covered by lamellate ridges dorsolaterally (Fig. 29) ........................................................ 6 6. Posterior portions of mesonotal dorsum forming short triangle-shaped process (Fig. 23). Standing pilosity long and abundant on head, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and remains of the gaster (Fig. 57) (C. binghamii group). ................................................................................................................................................... 7 – Posterior portions of mesonotal dorsum not forming short triangle-shaped process (Fig. 22). Standing pilosity short and sparse (Fig. 58) .......................................................................................................................... 9 7. Propodeal spines developed, distinctly longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles (Fig. 59) (S. Thailand, W. Ma- laysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra) .................................................................................. C. longipilosa Forel – Propodeal spines undeveloped, or weakly developed, as long as or shorter than diameter of propodeal spiracles (Figs 60, 61) .................................................................................................................................... 8 8. Propodeal spines undeveloped or weakly developed, shorter than diameter of propodeal spiracles (PSL 0 – 0.03) (Fig. 60) (Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam) ................................................. C. binghamii Forel – Propodeal spines slightly more developed, as long as diameter of propodeal spiracles (PSL 0.04 – 0.07) (Fig. 61) (Philippines) ........................................................................................................ C. brevispina, sp. nov. 9. Relatively short scape (SI 70 – 91). Mesosoma sculptured (Fig. 62). Subpetiolar process developed acutely (Fig. 64). Subpostpetiolar process developed acutely (Fig. 64) (C. biroi group) ......................................................... 10 – Relatively long scape (SI 81 – 100). Mesosoma essentially smooth and shining (Fig. 63). Subpetiolar process de- veloped (Fig. 65). Subpostpetiolar process not developed as process; the venter convex (Fig. 65) (C. quadriruga group) .......................................................................................................................................... 18 10. Compound eyes reduced, with less than 15 ommatidia (Figs 66, 67) ........................................................ 11 – Compound eyes not reduced, with more than 20 ommatidia (Fig. 68) ....................................................... 12 11. Number of ommatidia approximately 5 – 6 (Fig. 66) (Borneo) .................. C. masukoi Hosoishi, Yaname & Ogata – Number of ommatidia approximately 12 – 15 (Fig. 67) (N. Vietnam) ................................... C. ocellata, sp. nov. 12. Dorsal surface of head sculptured (Fig. 69) ......................................................................................... 13 – Dorsal surface of head generally smooth and shining (Fig. 70) ............................................................... 14 13. Head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole strongly sculptured reticulately. Propodeal spiracles apart from metapleural gland bulla (Fig. 71). Petiole squared, but without angulate anterolateral corners (Fig. 73) (Thailand, W. Malay- sia, Borneo) ......................................................................................................... C. reticulata Hosoishi – Head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole weakly sculptured reticulately. Propodeal spiracles touching metapleural gland bulla (as in Figure 72). Petiole squared with angulate anterolateral corners (Fig. 74) (Taiwan) ............... ........................................................................................................................... C. schimmeri Forel 14. Dorsal surface of head generally smooth, but feebly sculptured at surrounding portion of compound eyes (Fig. 75). Area in front of occipital carinae sculptured (Fig. 77) (India, Sri Lanka) ................................... C. biroi Mayr – Dorsal surface of head smooth, without sculptured area in front of occipital carinae (Fig. 76) ...................... 15 15. Head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole with erect setae: setae tapering distally (Fig. 78) .......................... 16 – Head, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole with erect setae; setae stout and not tapering distally (Fig. 79) ...... 17 16. Propodeal spines slender (Fig. 80). Petiole tapering posteriorly in dorsal view (Fig. 82). Subpostpetiolar process angulate (Fig. 80) (China, Korea, Japan) ....................................................................... C. osakensis Forel – Propodeal spines thick (Fig. 81). Petiole with subparallel sides in dorsal view (Fig. 83). Subpostpetiolar process developed acutely (Fig. 81) (Vietnam) ............................................................................... C. vieti, sp. nov. 17. Scape with suberect to decumbent setae (Fig. 84). Erect setae on anterior mesonotal ridge as long as on posterior mesonotal ridge (Fig. 86). Fourth abdominal tergite with erect setae abundantly (c.> 20) (Philippines) ............. ....................................................................................................................... C. luzonensis, sp. nov. – Scape with appressed setae (Fig. 85). Erect setae on anterior mesonotal ridge longer than on posterior mesonotal ridge (Fig. 87). Fourth abdominal tergite with erect setae sparsely (c. 4 – 6) (W. Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi). .................................................................................................................................. C. fritzi Emery 18. Compound eyes reduced, with c. 6 ommatidia (Fig. 88) (W. Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra) ............ C. myops Forel – Compound eyes not reduced, with more than 20 ommatidia (Fig. 89) ....................................................... 19 19. Propodeal spiracles large and touching metapleural gland bulla (Fig. 90) ................................................ 20. – Propodeal spiracles relatively small and apart from metapleural gland bulla (Fig. 91) ................................ 23 20. Lamellate ridge superficially covering metanotal groove in some specimens, but metanotal groove deep, U-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 92). Propodeal spines long and stout (Fig. 92) (PSL 0.09 – 0.1) (Sulawesi) .......................... ......................................................................................................................... C. celebensis, sp. nov. – Lamellate ridge superficially covering metanotal groove in some specimens, but metanotal groove not so deep, V-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 93). Propodeal spines relatively short to long (Fig. 93) (PSL 0.05 – 0.11) ........... 21 21. Propodeal spines relatively short (PSL 0.05 – 0.08) and stout (Fig. 90) (S. Thailand, W. Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Krakatau) ............................................................................................... C. bandarensis Forel – Propodeal spines relatively long (PSL 0.08 – 0.11) and slender (Fig. 93) ..................................................... 22 22. Scape with suberect setae only. Body color yellow (Philippines) ............................... C. philippinensis, sp. nov. – Scape with suberect setae mixed with two to three longer setae. Body bicolored, with head and gaster brown, and mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole yelow (Borneo, Sumatra) ........................... C. sundalandensis, sp. nov. 23. Longitudinal rugulae on clypeus not reaching area between frontal carinae. Body bicolored, with head, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and first gastral tergite yellow, and remains of gaster brown in typical form, but rarely whole body yellowish. Petiole with subparallel sides in dorsal view (Fig. 94) (Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Sumatra) ..... ..................................................................................................................... C. quadriruga, stat. nov. – Longitudinal rugulae on clypeus extending to posterior clypeal margin. Body color yellow. Petiole tapering ante- riorly in dorsal view (Fig. 95) (Japan) ........................................................................ C. suehiro Terayama General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head round in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes exceeding posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with concave anterior margin in dorsal view, slightly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines; anterior ridges usually as high as posterior ridges. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming evenly arched, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming shallow concavity that is laterally margined by ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view strongly divergent. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow short peduncle anteriorly, distinctly longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process weakly developed as angulate tubercle. Postpetiole in lateral view with strongly convex dorsum, distinctly higher than petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Venter of postpetiole convex but without distinct process. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus smooth and shining without distinct longitudinal rugulae, but short rugulae present anteriorly in some specimens. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Mesopleura generally sculptured, but sometimes smooth except for their marginal areas in some specimens. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but with rugulae dorsolateral areas. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with long erect and short appressed setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and some pairs of short setae laterally. Scapes with appressed setae. Mesosoma with two pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN and psaMN) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of long setae. Postpetiole with one pair of long setae on disc posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect setae sparsely, but no decumbent to appressed setae. Body red-brown. Apical two flagellar segments yellow, contracting with other flagellar segments that are blackish. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. baduvi group by the smooth and shining surfaces of mesosoma, propodeal dorsum (with rugulae), and the very long propodeal spines that are divergent and straight toward tip. This species is similar to C. brunensis, but can be distinguished from it by the larger head (HW 0.47 – 0.57, HL 0.48 – 0.59 vs. 0.43 – 0.47 and 0.46 – 0.49 in the latter), shorter scape (SI 98 – 108 vs. 113 – 118) and shorter propodeal spines (PSL 0.15 – 0.21 vs. 0.20 – 0.22). Specimens from Brunei have the anterior mesonotal ridges higher than posterior mesonotal ridges in lateral view. Distribution and biology: This species is known from Malaysia (Peninsula), Brunei and Indonesia (Krakatau, Sumatra, Java) (Fig. 49). Specimens from Endau Rompin National Park, W. Malaysia and Brunei were collect- ed by fogging method. Material examined: BRUNEI: nine workers, Bukit Sulang, nr. Lamunin, B. M. 1982 – 388 (fogging), 20. viii – 10. ix. 1982 (N. E. Stork); INDONESIA: three workers, Rakata Is. (10 m), Krakatau Isls. (06 ° 09 ’ S 105 ° 28 ’ E), 11. x. 2000, (K. Ogata); one worker, Rakata Is. (20 m), Krakatau Isls. (06 ° 09 ’ S 105 ° 28 ’ E), 11. x. 2000, (K. Ogata); three workers, Rakata Is. (20 m), Krakatau Isls. (06 ° 09 ’ S 105 ° 28 ’ E), 11. x. 2000, (S. Matsui); one worker, Maninjau, W. Sumatra, 7 – 9. viii. 1985, (S. & Sk. Yamane) (Muko Muko 470 m alt.) (Sumatra Nature Study, SNS Col.); three workers, Jasinga, nr Bogor, W. Java, 5. xi. 1985, (Sk. Yamane). MALAYSIA: one worker, St. 1, Endau Rompin National Park, 6. vii. 2003, (H. Kojima et al) (fogging).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E63FFAD7FB0BF1ADC2EFDE2.taxon	description	(FIG. 97)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E63FFAD7FB0BF1ADC2EFDE2.taxon	materials_examined	syntype workers, Bandar Baroe, Sumatra, Indonesia (v. Buttel-Reepen) (MHNG, examined). One syntype worker (middle specimen of three on one pin) in MHNG here designated Lectotype.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E63FFAD7FB0BF1ADC2EFDE2.taxon	materials_examined	One syntype worker, Ile Varela, Pulu Berhala, Sumatra, Indonesia, 2. ix. 1919 (Corporaal) (NHMB, examined). Syn. nov.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E63FFAD7FB0BF1ADC2EFDE2.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 10): HW 0.40 – 0.47; HL 0.42 – 0.50; CI 92 – 98; SL 0.34 – 0.39; SI 81 – 86; EL 0.09 – 0.11; PW 0.26 – 0.29; WL 0.48 – 0.54; PSL 0.05 – 0.08; PtL 0.14 – 0.17; PtW 0.12 – 0.15; PtH 0.10 – 0.12; PpL 0.09 – 0.11; PpW 0.13 – 0.16; PtHI 67 – 82; PtWI 80 – 88; PpWI 127 – 150; WI 100 – 117. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes slightly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view not clearly forming continuous dorsal outline; mesonotal dorsum flat. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles elliptical, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching to metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, as long as diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process weakly developed as angulate tubercle. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one pair of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Mesopleura smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of propodeum smooth and shining, but one pair of rugulae running from metanotal groove to tips of propodeal spines. Dorsal surface pf petiole smooth. Lateral surface of petiole generally smooth, but with one longitudinal rugula. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with suberect setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect setae. Mesosoma with five pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, ps 2 PN, psaMN, pspMN, and ps 1 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with two pairs of long setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of long setae on disc anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect to suberect setae abundantly, and short decumbent setae sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E63FFAD7FB0BF1ADC2EFDE2.taxon	discussion	Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. quadriruga group by the distinct compound eyes, V-shaped metanotal groove in lateral view, large propodeal spiracles touching metapleural gland bulla, and short propodeal spines. This species is similar to C. philippinensis and C. sundalandensis, but can be distinguished from them by the short and stout propodeal spines (PSL 0.05 – 0.08 vs. 0.08 – 0.11 and 0.08 – 0.11 in the latters). This species corresponds to sp. 52 of SKY (Ito et al., 2001; Eguchi & Yamane, 2003).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E63FFAD7FB0BF1ADC2EFDE2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology: This species is known from S. Thailand, Malaysia (Peninsula and Borneo), Brunei, Indonesia (Bali, Sumatra, Krakatau) (Fig. 52). It inhabits developed forests, and nests in soil or in leaf litter.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E63FFAD7FB0BF1ADC2EFDE2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: BRUNEI: one worker, Tasek Merimbun, 16. ii. 1999, (Eg 99 - BOR- 126) (K. Eguchi); INDONESIA: one worker, Sembung, 25 km N of Denpasar, Bali, 19. iii. 1987, (Imai et al); three workers, Tuapejat, Pulau Sipora, Mentawai Is., W. Sumatra, 24. ii. 2007 (SU 07 - SKY- 97) (Sk. Yamane); one worker, Bodong Jaya, Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat (secondary forest), S. Sumatra, 16. ix. 2007 (leaf litter / s. soil) (Sk. Yamane); six workers, Bodong Java, Sumberjaya, Lampung Barat, S. Sumatra, 16. ix. 2007 (leaf litter) (SU 07 - SKY- 156) (Sk. Yamane); four workers, Pulau Sebesi, Lampung Prov., Sunda Strait, 12. viii. 2005 (RK 05 - SKY- 24) (Sk. Yamane); MALAYSIA: four workers, 19 miles, Cameron Highlands, 11. iii. 2010 (SH 10 - Mal- 48) (S. Hosoishi); one worker, Ulu Gombak, Selangor, 27. xi. 2005 (MP 05 - SKY- 08) (Sk. Yamane); four workers, UM plantations, Kota Tinggi, Johor, 17. xii. 2013 (sugar, TD- 85) (Sk. Yamane & Y. Miyaguni); four workers, UM plantations, Kota Tinggi, Johor, 17. xii. 2013 (sugar, GD- 64) (Sk. Yamane & Y. Miyaguni); one worker, Kubah N. P., Kuching, Sarawak, Borneo, 28. xii. 1997, (F. Yamane); two workers, 8 ha plot, Tower Reg., Lambir, Miri, Sarawak # 117, E Malaysia, 27. viii. 1994, (T. Itioka & T. Yumoto); one worker, Old Tower R., Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, 22. i. 1993, (Sk. Yamane) (Canopy Ecol.); seven workers, Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, 14. v. 2011 (SR 11 - SKY- 11) (nest in soil) (Sk. Yamane); two workers, Danum Valley, Sabah, Borneo, 29. viii. 1995, (Sk. Yamane) (prim. for.); two workers, Tawau Hills N. P., Sabah, Borneo, E. Malaysia, 8. vii. 1996, (K. Eguchi); three workers, Inoue Trail, Lambir N. P., Sarawak, E. Malaysia, 2. vii. 2004 (SR 04 - SKY- 78) (Sk. Yamane); seven workers, Maliau Basin (riparian forest), Sabah, Borneo (300 m alt.) 10. xi. 2011 (ex carton cover on plant stem with scale insects) (SB 11 - SKY- 38) (Sk. Yamane); THAILAND: eight workers, Khlong Saeng WS, Ratchaprapha D., Surat Thani Prov., 15. x. 2011 (TH 11 - SKY- 134) (rotting wood) (Sk. Yamane); two workers, Tai Rom Yen NP (400 m alt.), Surat Thani Prov., 11. x. 2011 (decayed wood) (TH 11 - SKY- 016) (Sk. Yamane); three workers, Ton Nga Chang, nr. Hat Yai, Songkhla Prov., 23. ix. 2001 (Eg 01 - TH- 609) (K. Eguchi).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E62FFAE7C73B870DCCDFE24.taxon	description	(FIG. 98)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E62FFAE7C73B870DCCDFE24.taxon	materials_examined	syntype workers, Sikkim, India (MM. Bingham & Moller) (MHNG, examined). One syntype worker in MHNG here designated Lectotype.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E62FFAE7C73B870DCCDFE24.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 10): HW 0.52 – 0.57; HL 0.52 – 0.59; CI 89 – 100; SL 0.46 – 0.50; SI 84 – 92; EL 0.13 – 0.16; PW 0.30 – 0.34; WL 0.64 – 0.69; PSL 0 – 0.03; PtL 0.18 – 0.21; PtW 0.16 – 0.18; PtH 0.12 – 0.16; PpL 0.13 – 0.16; PpW 0.15 – 0.19; PtHI 67 – 84; PtWI 80 – 94; PpWI 100 – 138; WI 93 – 118. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that extend posteriad to anterodorsal corners of propodeal dorsum; the ridges forming pair of small triangular processes (angles) between dorsal and declivity faces of mesonotum (this condition is more easily seen with mesosoma in lateral view). Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view not clearly forming continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines undeveloped. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole without distinct process in lateral view. Subpetiolar process weakly developed as blunt process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one to two distinct pairs of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Mesopleura generally smooth and shining. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. Dorsal surface of propodeum smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole generally smooth, but with one longitudinal rugula. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity abundant. Dorsal face of head with erect to suberect setae abundantly. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect setae. Mesosoma with seven pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, ps 2 PN, psaMN, pspMN, psPR, ps 1 PS, and ps 2 PS) that are much longer than other erec setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with three pairs of long setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of long setae on disc anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect to suberect setae abundantly, but no decumbent to appressed setae. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E62FFAE7C73B870DCCDFE24.taxon	discussion	Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. binghamii group by the undeveloped or weakly developed propodeal spines. This species is similar to C. brevispina, but can be distinguished from it by the weakly developed propodeal spines (PSL 0 – 0.03 vs. 0.04 – 0.07 in the latter); the length smaller than the diameter of propodeal spiracles.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E62FFAE7C73B870DCCDFE24.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is known from Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Vietnam (Fig. 50).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E62FFAE7C73B870DCCDFE24.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: BANGLADESH: three workers, Jointapur (30 min sample), 30. x. 1994, (K. Ogata); INDIA: three workers, NE India, (no date) (S. P. Kurl); NEPAL: three workers, Kathmandu (1350 m alt.), 23. ix. 1983 (M. G. Allen); THAILAND: nine workers, Lumchangwat Stn., Khao Ang Reu Nai WS, Chacheongsao Prov., E. Thailand, 21. viii. 2003, (TH 03 - SKY- 55) (Sk. Yamane); VIETNAM: two workers, Rung Thong, Dong Son Dist., Thanh Hoa Prov. (19 ° 49 ′ S 105 ° 43 ′ E), 30. xi. 1999, (K. Ogata) 15 min TUS # 2; one worker, Rung Thong, Dong Son Dist., Thanh Hoa Prov. (19 ° 49 ′ S 105 ° 43 ′ E), 1. xii. 1999, (K. Ogata) 15 min TUS # 2.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E61FF907C8CB828DA5DFF30.taxon	description	(FIGS 99, 100)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E61FF907C8CB828DA5DFF30.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 10): HW 0.44 – 0.55; HL 0.45 – 0.52; CI 98 – 106; SL 0.33 – 0.39; SI 70 – 75; EL 0.09 – 0.13; PW 0.30 – 0.34; WL 0.49 – 0.58; PSL 0.09 – 0.12; PtL 0.16 – 0.19; PtW 0.13 – 0.17; PtH 0.12 – 0.15; PpL 0.10 – 0.13; PpW 0.14 – 0.17; PtHI 72 – 82; PtWI 78 – 89; PpWI 125 – 141; WI 100 – 108. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic, but intermediate worker as large as queen (details below). Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with almost straight anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum with feeble ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming slightly convex, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with parallel sides and angulate shoulders anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process strongly developed as acute process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as or slightly wider than petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process developed as process. Integument essentially sculptured. Dorsal surface of head generally smooth on central region, but weakly sculptured reticulately laterally. Occipital region near margin weakly sculptured. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth, but with two distinct pairs of longitudinal rugulae and weakly sculptured interspaces; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Pronotum and mesonotum with longitudinal rugulae and sculptured interspaces. Lateral surface of pronotum smooth and shining on central portion, but weakly sculptured on surrounding. Mesopleura weakly sculptured, but relatively smooth in central areas. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. One pair of rugulae running from metanotal groove to tips of propodeal spines (rugulae on mesonotum extending posteriorly to propodeal spines). Dorsal surface of propodeum weakly sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of petiole sculptured. Dorsal surface of postpetiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of postpetiole weakly sculptured. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with several pairs (six to seven) of erect and stout setae, and short and appressed setae abundantly. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one direct- ed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with two pairs of long setae medially and some pairs (three to four) of short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect setae. Mesosoma with four pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, pspMN, and ps 1 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout setae. Postpetiole with one pair of stout setae on disc posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with three or six pairs of erect and stout setae, and short appressed setae abundantly. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Intermediate worker measurements (n = 1): HW 0.82; HL 0.79; CI 104; SL 0.48; SI 59; EL 0.21; PW 0.58; WL 0.98; PSL 0.18; PtL 0.35; PtW 0.28; PtH 0.25; PpL 0.21; PpW 0.32; PtHI 71; PtWI 80; PpWI 152; WI 114. Description of intermediate worker: With worker character conditions, except as follows. Head subquadratic. Mesonotum highly convex in lateral view. Mesonotal dorsum without lateral ridges. Pronotum forming same dorsal outline with mesonotum in lateral view, but posterior face forming vertical slope to metanotal groove. Propodeal spiracles elliptical. Subpostpetiolar area not observable in the specimen examined. Clypeus with some longitudinal rugulae: rugulae extending to frontal region between frontal carinae. Dorsal face of head with erect setae sparsely. Clypeus with one pair of long setae around antennal bases; directed upper. Mesosoma without distinct erect setae. Fourth abdominal tergite with short decumbent to appressed setae sparsely. Comments: In the worker this species is very distinct among the C. biroi group in having the sculptured surface near occipital carinae of head, the strongly developed subpetiolar process, and acutely developed subpostpetiolar process. Distribution and biology: This species is known from India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 51). Although this species has been reported from China by Wu & Wang (1995) and Zhou (2001), and from Taiwan by Terayama (2009), we have not been able to examine those specimens. This species nests in soil. Material examined: INDIA: two workers, Chandigarh, Punjab, 10. viii. 1978, (H. Imai et al); ten workers, Punjavi Univ. Campus, Patiala, Punjab Prov., 14. x. 2007 (open site) (IN 07 - SKY- 019) (Sk. Yamane).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E5FFF907FE9BB35DBC0F992.taxon	description	(FIG. 101) Holotype worker. Tabuc-Tubig, Oriental Dumaguete, Negros, PHILIPPINES, 27. v. 1983 (707) (C. K. Stall & F. P. Godoy) (BMNH). Paratypes. Eight workers, same data as holotype (BMNH, CASC, KUEC, MHNG, MPMP, THNHM). Worker measurements (n = 9): HW 0.51 – 0.62; HL 0.54 – 0.65; CI 93 – 98; SL 0.50 – 0.55; SI 92 – 96; EL 0.15 – 0.17; PW 0.34 – 0.41; WL 0.61 – 0.72; PSL 0.04 – 0.07; PtL 0.19 – 0.25; PtW 0.17 – 0.21; PtH 0.13 – 0.17; PpL 0.13 – 0.15; PpW 0.17 – 0.21; PtHI 65 – 70; PtWI 74 – 90; PpWI 120 – 140; WI 95 – 106. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges; the ridges forming pair of small triangular processes (angles) between dorsal and declivity faces of mesonotum (this condition is more easily seen with mesosoma in lateral view). Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view not clearly forming continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines weakly developed, shorter than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole without distinct process in lateral view. Subpetiolar process weakly developed as blunt process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole weakly convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining, but with rugulae on surrounding region of antennal sockets. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one to two dis- tinct pairs of longitudinal rugulae; longer rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Costulate rugulae weakly developed on malar region. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum without rugulae. Mesopleura generally smooth and shining. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole generally smooth, but with one longitudinal rugula running from spiracles to posterior margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity abundant. Dorsal face of head with erect to suberect setae abundantly. Clypeus with three pairs of long setae on anterior portion, one directed upward, one downward, the other laterally below antennal sockets. Anterior clypeal margin with single long setae medially and one pair of long setae laterally, and short setae laterally. Gena (malar space) with some suberect setae near mandibular insertion. Scapes with suberect to decumbent setae; short setae basally and long setae distally. Mesosoma with seven to eight distinct pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, ps 2 PN, psaMN, pspMN, psPR, ps 1 PS, and one to two ps 2 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with three pairs of long setae. Postpetiole with four pairs of long setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally, posteromedially and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect to suberect setae abundantly, but no decumbent to appressed setae. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. binghamii group by the weakly developed propodeal spines. This species is similar to C. binghamii, but can be distinguished from it by the propodeal spines (PSL 0.04 – 0.07 vs. 0 – 0.03 in the latter); the length as large as the diameter of propodeal spiracles. Distribution: This species is known from the type locality of the Philippines (Fig. 50). Etymology: The specific name refers to the short propodeal spines.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E5FFF917C70BC8BDBCBFBAB.taxon	description	(FIG. 102) Holotype worker. nr. Lamunin, Bukit Sulang, BRUNEI, B. M. 1982 - 388 Fogging, 20. viii – 10. ix. 1982 (N. E. Stork) (BMNH). Paratypes. Five workers, same data as holotype (CASC, ITBC, KUEC, MHNG, THNHM). Worker measurements (n = 6): HW 0.43 – 0.47; HL 0.46 – 0.49; CI 92 – 100; SL 0.51 – 0.53; SI 113 – 118; EL 0.12 – 0.13; PW 0.26 – 0.29; WL 0.60 – 0.63; PSL 0.20 – 0.22; PtL 0.23 – 0.26; PtW 0.14 – 0.17; PtH 0.14 – 0.15; PpL 0.12 – 0.13; PpW 0.15 – 0.17; PtHI 56 – 61; PtWI 60 – 67; PpWI 123 – 133; WI 100 – 107. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head round in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes exceeding posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with concave anterior margin in dorsal view, slightly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propoedal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming evenly arched, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming shallow concavity that is laterally margined by ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view strongly divergent. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow short peduncle anteriorly, distinctly longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process undeveloped. Postpetiole in lateral view with strongly convex dorsum, distinctly higher than petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one pair of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to the posterior clypeal margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with feeble rugulae. Mesopleura generally sculptured, but sometimes smooth except for their marginal areas in some specimens. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but with rugulae dorsolateral areas. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole weakly sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with long erect (three pairs) and short appressed setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other down- ward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and some pairs of short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect to decumbent setae. Mesosoma with three pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, and pspMN) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of long setae. Postpetiole with two pairs of long setae on disc anteriorly, posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect setae sparsely, but no decumbent to appressed setae. Body red-brown. Apical two flagellar segments light yellow, contracting with other flagellar segments that are yellow. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. baduvi group by the smooth and shining surface of mesosoma, smooth surface of propodeal dorsum, and propodeal spines developed straight at the tip. This species is similar to C. baduvi, but can be distinguished from it by the smaller head (HW 0.43 – 0.47, HL 0.46 – 0.49 vs. 0.47 – 0.57 and 0.48 – 0.59 in the latter) and longer propodeal spines (PSL 0.20 – 0.22 vs. 0.15 – 0.21). Distribution and biology: This species is known only from the type locality in Brunei (Fig. 49). Type specimens were collected by fogging method. Etymology: The specific name refers to the country of origin, Brunei.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E5EFF927C80BE87DBD9FCA4.taxon	description	(FIG. 103) Holotype worker. Kadokaan, P. Batudaka, Togian Island, Sulawesi, INDONESIA, 23. viii. 2008 (CE 08 - SKY- 14) (Sk. Yamane) (MBBJ). Paratypes. Three workers, same data as holotype (BMNH, CASC, KUEC). Worker measurements (n = 5): HW 0.49 – 0.51; HL 0.51 – 0.53; CI 94 – 96; SL 0.39 – 0.42; SI 80 – 84; EL 0.10 – 0.11; PW 0.31 – 0.33; WL 0.56 – 0.59; PSL 0.09 – 0.10; PtL 0.19 – 0.20; PtW 0.15 – 0.17; PtH 0.13 – 0.15; PpL 0.11 – 0.13; PpW 0.16 – 0.18; PtHI 68 – 75; PtWI 79 – 89; PpWI 133 – 145; WI 100 – 107. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes slightly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming slightly convex, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges (U-shaped in lateral view). Propodeal spiracles elliptical, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching to metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, as long as diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process undeveloped. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one distinct pair of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Mesopleura smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but one pair of rugulae running from metanotal groove to tips of propodeal spines. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole generally smooth, but with one longitudinal rugula. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with suberect setae sparsely. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect setae. Mesosoma with five pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, ps 2 PN, psaMN, pspMN, and ps 1 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with three pairs of stout setae (one pair of shorter setae laterally). Postpetiole with three pairs of long setae on disc anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect to suberect setae abundantly, and short decumbent setae sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. quadriruga group by the distinct compound eyes, U-shaped metanotal groove in lateral view, large propodeal spiracles touching metapleural gland bulla, and longer propodeal spines. This species is similar to C. banadarensis, but can be distinguished from it by the deep (or U-shaped) metanotal groove in lateral view and long propodeal spines (PSL 0.09 – 0.10 vs. 0.05 – 0.08 in the latter). Distribution: This species is known from Indonesia (Sulawesi) (Fig. 52). Etymology: The specific name refers to the former name of Sulawesi, Celebes. Material examined: INDONESIA: one worker, Tanimpo, P. Batudaka, Togian Is., S. Sulawesi, 23. viii. 2008 (Sk. Yamane); nine workers, Ranu River Area, nr. Morowali, Tengah, Sulawesi, 27. i. - 20. iv. 1980 (B. M. 1980 - 280) (M. J. D. Brendell).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E5DFF947C77B9BCDD45FB49.taxon	description	(FIG. 104)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E5DFF947C77B9BCDD45FB49.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 14): HW 0.40 – 0.48; HL 0.42 – 0.49; CI 95 – 100; SL 0.34 – 0.40; SI 80 – 89; EL 0.10 – 0.13; PW 0.24 – 0.31; WL 0.45 – 0.54; PSL 0.07 – 0.1; PtL 0.15 – 0.18; PtW 0.13 – 0.16; PtH 0.11 – 0.13; PpL 0.09 – 0.12; PpW 0.14 – 0.17; PtHI 69 – 76; PtWI 82 – 94; PpWI 127 – 167; WI 100 – 108. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with almost straight anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum with feeble ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming slightly convex, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view, with node-like process in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed as blunt process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as or slightly narrower than petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process developed bluntly. Integument essentially sculptured. Dorsal surface of head generally smooth, but with rugulae on surrounding region of antennal sockets. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth, but with one distinct pair of longitudinal rugulae and one pair of feeble rugulae and weakly sculptured interspaces; distinct rugulae extending to posterior clypeal margin. Anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Dorsal surface of pronotum with longitudinal rugulae and weakly sculptured interspaces. Lateral surface of pronotum generally smooth and shining. Mesopleura weakly sculptured. Pronotum and mesonotum with longitudinal rugulae and sculptured interspaces. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but one pair of rugulae running from metanotal groove extending posteriorly and diverging to tips of propodeal spines. Dorsal surface of petiole generally smooth. Lateral surface of petiole sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with three pairs of erect and stout setae, and short and appressed seate abundantly. Clypeus with two pairs of long and stout setae in anterior portion, one direct- ed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and some pair of short setae laterally. Scapes with appressed setae. Mesosoma with three pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, and pspMN) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout setae. Postpetiole with two pairs of stout setae on disc posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with three to four pairs of erect and stout setae, and short appressed setae abundantly. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. biroi group by the scape with appressed setae, distinct compound eyes, generally smooth dorsal surface of head, and sparse erect and stout setae on body. This species is similar to C. luzonensis, but can be distinguished from it by the appressed setae on scape, longer setae on anterior mesonotal ridges, sparse erect setae on fourth abdominal tergite. Distribution and biology: This species is known from Malaysia (Peninsula), Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi) (Fig. 51). This species inhabits developed forests, and nests in dead twigs on trees. Material examined: BRUNEI: five workers, nr Lamunin, Bukit Sulang, 20. viii. – 10. ix. 1982 (B. M. 1982 - 388. Fogging) (N. E. Stork); INDONESIA: three workers, Babulmakmur, near Sibigo, Pulau Simeulue, Aceh, Sumatra, 15. ix. 2012 (decayed stem) (SU 12 - SKY- 091) (Sk. Yamane); two workers, Lamerem, Pulau Simeulue, Aceh, Sumatra, 13. ix. 2012 (nest on tree trunk) (SU 12 - SKY- 068) (Sk. Yamane); three workers, Dumoga-Bone N. P., Utara, Sulawesi (400 m) (Fog. 5) (BMNH Plot C), 11. ii. 1985 (N. Stork); MALAYSIA: 14 workers, Bukit Larut (Maxwell’s Hill), 4. x. 2011, (SH 11 - Mal- 13) (dead twig on tree) (S. Hosoishi); seven workers, Setiu Wetland, Besut, Terengganu, 13. xii. 2010 (dead twig on tree) (MP 10 - SKY- 08) (Sk. Yamane).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E5BFF947C55BE84DC16F91C.taxon	discussion	Comments: We have not been able to examine the types of C. gavapiga. From the original description and key provided by Menozzi (1935), this species is close to C. bandarensis. He distinguished C. gavapiga from C. bandarensis by smooth and shining surface of dorsal mesosoma. However, some specimens in our collections of C. bandarensis have smooth and shining surface of dorsal mesosoma, suggesting that the character state seen in C. gavapiga is within the infraspecific variation of C. bandarensis. Taxonomic relationship with C. bandarensis will remain uncertain until type material can be examined.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E5BFF957C54BCEFD9D7FE52.taxon	discussion	Comments: This species may be a close relative of C. myops (Hosoishi et al., 2010).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E5AFF967FD8BBCCDA83FB7C.taxon	description	(FIG. 105)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E5AFF967FD8BBCCDA83FB7C.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 10): HW 0.60 – 0.69; HL 0.63 – 0.71; CI 95 – 97; SL 0.52 – 0.58; SI 84 – 89; EL 0.15 – 0.18; PW 0.37 – 0.40; WL 0.71 – 0.80; PSL 0.13 – 0.16; PtL 0.25 – 0.29; PtW 0.20 – 0.23; PtH 0.16 – 0.19; PpL 0.16 – 0.19; PpW 0.20 – 0.24; PtHI 62 – 73; PtWI 79 – 92; PpWI 111 – 137; WI 95 – 105. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines; the ridges forming pair of small triangular processes (angles) between dorsal and declivity faces of mesonotum (this condition is more easily seen with mesosoma in lateral view). Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view not clearly forming continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from (or slightly touching) metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view direct- ed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole without distinct process in lateral view. Subpetiolar process weakly developed as blunt process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole weakly convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining, but with rugulae on surrounding region of antennal sockets. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one to two distinct pairs of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Costulate rugulae present on malar region. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum without rugulae. Mesopleura generally smooth and shining. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but few longitudinal rugulae on anteri- or areas. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole generally smooth, but with one longitudinal rugula running from spiracles to posterior margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity abundant. Dorsal face of head with erect to suberect setae abundantly. Clypeus with three pairs of long setae on anterior portion, one directed upward, one downward. the other laterally below antennal sockets. Anterior clypeal margin with single long setae medially and one pair of long setae laterally, and short setae laterally. Gena (malar space) with some suberect setae near mandibular insertion. Scapes with suberect to decumbent setae; short setae basally and long setae distally. Mesosoma with seven to eight distinct pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, ps 2 PN, psaMN, pspMN, psPR, ps 1 PS, and one to two ps 2 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with three pairs of long setae. Postpetiole with four pairs of long setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally, posteromedially and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect to suberect setae abundantly, but no decumbent to appressed setae. Body yellow to brown. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species is very distinct among the C. binghamii group in having developed propodeal spines (PSL 0.13 – 0.16 vs. 0 – 0.07 in the others). This species corresponds to C. sp. 51 of SKY (Ito et al., 2001). Distribution and biology: This species is known from S. Thailand, Malaysia (Peninsula) and Indonesia (Kalimantan, Java, Sumatra) (Fig. 50). This species inhabits disturbed to developed forests, and nests in soil. Material examined: INDONESIA: two workers, Sangkimah, Kutai N. P., E. Kalimantan, 13. ix. 1993 (roadside) (Sk. Yamane); one worker, Kutai, Kalimantan, 17. viii. 1986 (T. Yajima); six workers, Gn Salak- Halimun Corridor, Bogor, West Java, 18. ix. 2004, (JV 04 - SKY- 66) (Sk. Yamane) (in soil); one worker, Batang Gadis N. P., 1200 m alt., N. Sumatra (secondary forest), 4. v. 2006 (Syaukani); one worker, Lubuk Mintrun nr Padang, W. Sumatra, 25. vii. 1985, (S. & Sk. Yamane); six workers, Surisura, Pulau Siberut, Mentawai Is., W. Sumatra (SU 07 - SKY- 032) (Sk. Yamane); five workers, Sumberjaya (800 – 900 m alt.), Lampung Barat, Sumatra, 18 – 19. ix. 2007 (nest in soil) (SU 07 - SKY- 213) (Sk. Yamane); two workers, Sumberjaya (800 – 900 m alt.), Lampung Barat, Sumatra, 18. ix. 2007 (coffee plantation) (Sk. Yamane); one worker, Batang Gadis N. P. (1200 m alt.) (secondary forest), 4. v. 2006 (Syaukani); MALAYSIA: four workers, 19 miles, Cameron Highlands, 10. iii. 2010 (SH 10 - Mal- 24) (S. Hosoishi); six workers, 7 miles, Cameron Highlands, 9. iii. 2010 (SH 10 - Mal- 17) (S. Hosoishi); four workers, Ulu Gombak, Selangor, 3. xii. 2005, (SH 05 - Mal- 24) (S. Hosoishi); 15 workers, UKM Forest, Fraser’s Hill, 15. iii. 2005, (2005 c 31) (S. Hosoishi); THAILAND: one worker, Khao Nam Kang National Park, Songkhla Prov., S. Thailand, 25. vii. 1997 (Sk. Yamane); four workers, Khlong Klai Stn., Khao N. P., Nakhon S. Thammarat, S. Thailand, 13. iii. 2007 (TH 07 - SKY- 85) (Sk. Yamane).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E59FF977FD5BEE9D969FCB5.taxon	description	(FIG. 106) Holotype worker. Luzon, PHILIPPINES, 25. iv. 1992 (PH 64 coconut) (M. J. Way) (BMNH). Paratypes. One worker, same data as holotype (MPMP); three workers, Luzon, PHILIPPINES, 2. v. 1992 (PH 81 coconut) (M. J. Way) (CASC, KUEC, MHNG). Worker measurements (n = 5): HW 0.41 – 0.46; HL 0.42 – 0.46; CI 96 – 100; SL 0.36 – 0.42; SI 88 – 95; EL 0.11 – 0.13; PW 0.26 – 0.29; WL 0.49 – 0.55; PSL 0.07 – 0.1; PtL 0.15 – 0.17; PtW 0.13 – 0.16; PtH 0.11 – 0.13; PpL 0.09 – 0.11; PpW 0.15 – 0.17; PtHI 71 – 81; PtWI 87 – 94; PpWI 145 – 178; WI 100 – 114. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Com- pound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with almost straight anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum with feeble ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming slightly convex, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed as blunt process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as or slightly wider than petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process developed bluntly. Integument essentially sculptured. Dorsal surface of head generally smooth, but with rugulae on surrounding region of antennal sockets. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth, but with one distinct pair of longitudinal rugulae and one pair of feeble rugulae; distinct rugulae extending to posterior clypeal margin. Anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Lateral surface of pronotum smooth and shining. Pronotum and mesonotum with longitudinal rugulae and sculptured interspaces. Mesopleura weakly sculptured. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura weakly developed. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but one pair of rugulae running from metanotal groove extending posteriorly and diverging to tips of propodeal spines. Dorsal surface of petiole generally smooth. Lateral surface of petiole sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole weakly sculptured. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with some pairs (c. 8) of erect and stout setae, and short and decumbent setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long and stout setae in anterior portion, one direct- ed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and some pair of short setae laterally. Scapes with decumbent setae. Mesosoma with five pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, pspMN, ps 1 PS, and ps 2 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of stout setae on disc antrodorsally, anterolaterally and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with some pairs (c.> 10) of erect and stout setae, and short appressed seate sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. biroi group by the scape with suberect to decumbent setae, distinct compound eyes, generally smooth dorsal surface of head, and sparse erect and stout setae on body. This species is similar to C. fritzi, but can be distinguished from it by the suberect to decumbent setae on scape, shorter setae on anterior mesonasal ridge, abundant erect setae on fourth abdominal tergite. Distribution: This species is known from the type locality of the Philippines (Fig. 51). Etymology: The specific name refers to the island of origin, Luzon.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E58FF987FA6B9AADACFFD2B.taxon	description	(FIG. 107)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E58FF987FA6B9AADACFFD2B.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 3): HW 0.57 – 0.60; HL 0.61 – 0.63; CI 93 – 98; SL 0.65 – 0.68; SI 111 – 114; EL 0.14 – 0.15; PW 0.38 – 0.39; WL 0.84 – 0.89; PSL 0.50 – 0.59; PtL 0.37 – 0.38; PtW 0.21 – 0.25; PtH 0.19 – 0.22; PpL 0.18 – 0.20; PpW 0.22 – 0.24; PtHI 50 – 58; PtWI 57 – 66; PpWI 118 – 122; WI 88 – 105. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head round in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes exceeding posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with concave anterior margin in dorsal view, slightly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct longitudinal ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming evenly arched, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, distinctly longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view strongly divergent. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow short peduncle anteriorly, distinctly longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed as acute tubercle. Postpetiole in lateral view with strongly convex dorsum, distinctly higher than petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially sculptured. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Mandibles with rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one distinct pair of longitudinal rugulae; distinct rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with feeble rugulae. Dorsal surface of pronotum sculptured reticulaterly. Lateral surface of pronotum weakly punctate. Mesopleura generally sculptured. Dorsal surface of propodeum sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of petiole sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole weakly sculptured. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with three pairs of long erect setae and appressed setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and some pairs of short setae laterally. Scapes with decumbent to appressed setae. Mesosoma with three pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, ps 2 PN, and psaMN) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of long setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of long setae on disc anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect setae sparsely, but no decumbent to appressed setae. Body yellow-brown. Apical two flagellar segments light yellow, contracting with other flagellar segments that are yelow-brown. Comments: We have not been able to examine the types of C. macracantha, but the original description and figures closely match the specimens examined. In the worker this species can be easily distinguished from the other species of the C. baduvi group by the long propodeal spines (PSL 0.50 – 0.59 vs. 0.15 – 0.22 in the others) and sculptured surface of the body. Blaimer (2012 c) assigned C. macracantha in the subgenus Crematogaster in the subgeneric revision, but she did not include the species in molecular phylogenetic analysis (2012 a, 2012 c). Although we do not have any sequence data for the species, several morphological features: clearly differentiated two-segmented antennal club; laterally directed propodeal spines; petiole with subparallel sides; node-like process on posterior portion of petiole; highly convex postpetiolar dorsum; subpostpetiolar venter convex, suggest that C. macracantha belongs to the subgenus Orthocrema. Thus we treat C. macracantha as a member of the subgenus Orthocrema. Distribution: This species is known from Malaysia (Borneo) (Fig. 49). Material examined: MALAYSIA: one worker, Bt. Entimau (390 m alt.), Sarawak, Borneo, 18. iv. 1994, (Mahmud) (P 1 B 4); two workers, Poring (600 – 700 m alt.), Sabah, Borneo, E. Malaysia, 8. i. 1998, (F. Yamane).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E57FF997FAFB90CD9BBFDA0.taxon	description	(FIG. 108)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E57FF997FAFB90CD9BBFDA0.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype worker, Sepilok, Sandakan, Borneo, Malaysia, 17. viii. 1981 (K. Masuko) (ITBC, examined). Two paratype workers, same data as holotype (KUEC, MHNG, examined) and five paratype workers, Sangkimah, Kutai N. P., E. Kalimantan, Indonesia, 13. ix. 1993 (P- 2 soil- 2) (Sk. Yamane) (BMNH, MCZC, MBBJ, KUEC, SKYC, examined).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E57FF997FAFB90CD9BBFDA0.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 6): HW 0.46 – 0.50; HL 0.44 – 0.48; CI 100 – 109; SL 0.35 – 0.37; SI 74 – 78; EL 0.04 – 0.06; PW 0.28 – 0.31; WL 0.53 – 0.57; PSL 0.08 – 0.11; PtL 0.16 – 0.18; PtW 0.16 – 0.17; PtH 0.11 – 0.13; PpL 0.10 – 0.12; PpW 0.15 – 0.16; PtHI 61 – 76; PtWI 94 – 106; PpWI 133 – 160; WI 88 – 100. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth, basal tooth arranged away from the third apical one, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin weakly convex or almost straight in medial portion. Compound eyes not projecting beyond lateral margins of head in fullface view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with almost straight anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum without lateral ridges. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming slightly convex, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by thin lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides or weakly convex sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole without distinct process in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed, acute apically. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as or slightly narrower than petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly, but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process developed as small process. Integument weakly sculptured. Dorsal surface of head generally smooth, but with rugulae on surrounding region of antennal sockets. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus smooth and shining without distinct longitudinal rugulae. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum without rugulae. Mesopleura smooth on central areas, but sculptured with rugulae on their marginal areas. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura developed. One pair of rugulae running from metanotal groove extending posteriorly and diverging to propodeal spines. Horizontal rugula on dorsal surface of propodeum interruptedly extending to tips of propodeal spines. Dorsal surface of propodeum sculptured. Lateral surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but weakly sculptured with rugulae on anterior areas. Dorsal surface of petiole generally smooth. Lateral surface of petiole weakly sculptured. Dorsal surface of postpetiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of postpetiole weakly sculptured. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with three pairs of long erect and stout setae, and short and appressed setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long and stout setae in anterior portion, one direct- ed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one single short setae medially and one pair of long setae laterally, and some pair of short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect to decumbent setae. Mesosoma with five pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, pspMN, ps 1 PS, and ps 2 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with two pairs of stout setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of stout setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally, posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with suberect setae sparsely, but no decumbent to appressed setae. Body yellow to brown. All flagellar segments yellow.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E57FF997FAFB90CD9BBFDA0.taxon	discussion	Comments: In the worker this species is very distinct among the C. biroi group in having reduced com- pound eyes (with c. 6 ommatidia). It is similar to C. myops (C. quadriruga group) in having reduced compound eyes, but can be easily distinguished from it by the smooth surface of clypeus, developed subpetiolar process and acutely developed subpostpetiolar process.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E57FF997FAFB90CD9BBFDA0.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology: This species is known from Malaysia (Borneo) and Indonesia (Kalimantan) (Fig. 51). This species inhabits developed forests, and nests in soil.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E57FF997FAFB90CD9BBFDA0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: INDONESIA: four workers, Sangkimah, Kutai N. P., E. Kalimantan, 13. ix. 1993 (P- 2 soil- 2) (Sk. Yamane).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E56FF997FF1B885DBA6F8A4.taxon	description	(FIG. 109)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E56FF997FF1B885DBA6F8A4.taxon	description	Holotype worker. nr. Kotamobaqu (1200 m), Danau Moat, Utara, Sulawesi, INDONESIA, 11. ix. 1985 (no collector’s name) (BMNH). Paratype. Five workers, same data as holotype (BMNH, CASC, KUEC, MBBJ, THNHM).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E56FF997FF1B885DBA6F8A4.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 6): HW 0.46 – 0.49; HL 0.48 – 0.53; CI 92 – 98; SL 0.45 – 0.47; SI 94 – 100; EL 0.11 – 0.12; PW 0.30 – 0.33; WL 0.60 – 0.64; PSL 0.12 – 0.13; PtL 0.19 – 0.20; PtW 0.14 – 0.15; PtH 0.13 – 0.14; PpL 0.10 – 0.11; PpW 0.15 – 0.16; PtHI 68 – 70; PtWI 70 – 79; PpWI 136 – 160; WI 100 – 114. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum without distinct lateral ridges posteriorly. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming slightly convex, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process undeveloped. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Gena with longitudinal rugulae. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one to two distinct pairs of longitudinal rugulae; longer rugulae extending to posterior clypeal margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum without rugulae. Mesopleura generally smooth and shining. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole generally smooth, without longitudinal rugulae. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with erect to suberect setae sparsely. Clypeus with three pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward, one downward, the other laterally below antennal sockets. Anterior clypeal margin with single long setae medially and one pair of long setae laterally, and short setae laterally. Gena (malar space) with some suberect setae near mandibular insertion. Scapes with suberect to decumbent setae. Mesosoma with four pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, pspMN, and ps 1 PS / ps 2 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of long setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of long setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally, and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect to suberect setae sparsely, but no decumbent to appressed setae. Body bicolored, head and gaste with brown, mesosoma with yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species is very unique among the Asian Orthocrema fauna in having the propodeal spines directed posteriad and the metanotal groove laterally not defined by lamellate ridges. Distribution: This species is known only from Indonesia (Sulawesi) (Fig. 49). Etymology: The specific name refers to the type locality, Danau Moat (Lake Moat). Material examined: INDONESIA: three workers, Dumoga-Bone N. P., Utara, Sulawesi, 17. iv. 1985 (‘ Clarke’ Camp) (lower montane forest, 1140 m) (no collector’s name).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E55FF9A7FD4BADEDBBEF8A4.taxon	description	(FIG. 110)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E55FF9A7FD4BADEDBBEF8A4.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 7): HW 0.44 – 0.48; HL 0.45 – 0.52; CI 92 – 98; SL 0.40 – 0.44; SI 90 – 94; EL 0.05 – 0.06; PW 0.27 – 0.31; WL 0.49 – 0.58; PSL 0.05 – 0.08; PtL 0.15 – 0.21; PtW 0.13 – 0.16; PtH 0.10 – 0.12; PpL 0.09 – 0.13; PpW 0.12 – 0.16; PtHI 55 – 67; PtWI 75 – 89; PpWI 115 – 150; WI 92 – 100. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth, basal tooth arranged away from the third apical one, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes not projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges posteriorly. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming slightly convex, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching to metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, as long as diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed as small acute process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head generally smooth and shining, but with rugulae on surrounding region of antennal sockets. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus weakly sculptured with one distinct pair of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum without rugulae. Mesopleura smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but one pair of rugulae running from metanotal groove to tips of propodeal spines. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole generally smooth, but with one longitudinal rugula. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with suberect setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect setae. Mesosoma with four pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, pspMN, and ps 1 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout setae. Postpetiole with several pairs of long setae on disc anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally. Fourth abdominal tergite with suberect setae abundantly, and short decumbent setae sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species is very distinct among the C. quadriruga group in having reduced compound eyes (with c. 6 ommatidia). It is similar to C. masukoi (C. biroi group) in having reduced compound eyes, but can be distinguished by the clypeus with rugulae, smooth surface of propodeum, and the lack of subpostpetiolar process. Distribution and biology: This species is known from Malaysia (Peninsula and Borneo), Singapore and Indonesia (Sumatra) (Fig. 52). This species inhabits developed forests, and nests in soil. Material examined: INDONESIA: three workers, Bt. Lawang Lowland G. Leuser N. P., N. Sumatra, 17. viii. 2002 (Sk. Yamane); MALAYSIA: one worker, Tower Region, Lambir N. P., Miri, Sarawak, 15. i. 1993, (Sk. Yamane) (Canopy Ecol.); one worker, Bako Nat. Park, Sarawak, Borneo, 21 – 22. iv. 1993, (Sk. Yamane); one worker, Danum Balley, Sabah, Borneo, E. Malaysia, 3 – 4. iii. 1999, (Sk. Yamane); four workers, Old Tower R., Lambir National Park, Sarawak, Borneo, 30. vi. 2004 (Sk. Yamane); SINGAPORE: one worker, 4. xii. 1995, (Sk. Yamane).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E54FF9B7E0ABADEDC0DFA36.taxon	description	(FIG. 111)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E54FF9B7E0ABADEDC0DFA36.taxon	description	Holotype worker. Tu Lung, Mai Chau Dist., Hoa Binh Prov., VIETNAM, S 20 44 E 104 56, 27. xi. 1999 (15 min TUS) (K. Ogata) (IEBR). Paratypes. Three workers same data as holotype (CASC, KUEC, THNHM). Worker measurements (n = 4): HW 0.50 – 0.56; HL 0.53 – 0.59; CI 94 – 96; SL 0.40 – 0.45; SI 78 – 84; EL 0.07 – 0.08; PW 0.31 – 0.37; WL 0.58 – 0.66; PSL 0.08 – 0.10; PtL 0.18 – 0.22; PtW 0.16 – 0.18; PtH 0.12 – 0.15; PpL 0.12 – 0.13; PpW 0.17 – 0.18; PtHI 63 – 78; PtWI 81 – 85; PpWI 138 – 142; WI 100 – 106. General description of woker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes not projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with almost straight anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming slightly convex, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process weakly developed as blunt process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process developed as blunt process. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head generally smooth and shining, but weakly with rugulae on surrounding region of antennal sockets. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one distinct pair of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with feeble rugulae. Dorsal surface of pronotum smooth and shining. Lateral surface of pronotum generally smooth and shining, but with longitudinal rugulae on higher portion extending to mesopleura and lateral sides of propodeum. Mesopleura sculptured. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. One pair of rugulae running from metanotal groove to tips of propodeal spines. Dorsal surface of propodeum weakly sculptured. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole sculptured. Dorsal surface of postpetiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of postpetiole weakly sculptured posteriorly. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with erect to suberect and stout long setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and some pairs of short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect setae. Mesosoma with five pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, ps 2 PN, psaMN, pspMN, and ps 1 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with two pairs of stout long setae. Postpetiole with five pairs of long setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect and stout suberect long setae sparsely, and short decumbent setae sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species is distinct among the C. biroi group in having reduced compound eyes (with c. 12 – 15 ommatidia). This species corresponds to sp. eg- 12 by Eguchi, Bui & Yamane (2011). Distribution: This species is known from N. Vietnam (Fig. 51). Etymology: The specific name refers to the small compound eyes. Material examined: VIETNAM: one worker, Liem Phu (450 – 600 m alt.), Van Ban Dist., Lao Cai Prov., 27 ix. 2006 (K. Eguchi).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E54FF9E7C7CBC2FD8F9FD0D.taxon	description	(FIG. 112)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E54FF9E7C7CBC2FD8F9FD0D.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 8): HW 0.47 – 0.57; HL 0.49 – 0.59; CI 92 – 100; SL 0.38 – 0.44; SI 77 – 84; EL 0.11 – 0.13; PW 0.27 – 0.35; WL 0.54 – 0.68; PSL 0.08 – 0.11; PtL 0.16 – 0.19; PtW 0.15 – 0.18; PtH 0.12 – 0.15; PpL 0.11 – 0.12; PpW 0.14 – 0.18; PtHI 68 – 81; PtWI 83 – 94; PpWI 117 – 150; WI 88 – 100. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin slightly concave in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with almost straight anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum with ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges posteriorly that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming convex, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and weakly angulate shoulders anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed as acute process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process developed as blunt process. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head generally smooth and shining, but with rugulae on surrounding region of antennal sockets. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with two distinct pairs of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Dorsal surface of pronotum with rugulae. Lateral surface of pronotum smooth and shining. Mesopleura weakly sculptured, but relatively smooth on central areas. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. Dorsal surface of propodeum with reticulated rugulae. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole weakly sculptured. Dorsal surface of postpetiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of postpetiole weakly sculptured posteriorly. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with three pairs of erect and stout long setae, and short and appressed setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one single long setae medially and one pairs of long setae laterally, and some pairs (three to four) of short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect to decumbent setae. Mesosoma with three pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, and pspMN) that are much longer than other setae and one pair of shorter setae (ps 1 PN). Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout long setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of stout long setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with suberect to decumbent stout setae sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. biroi group by the distinct compound eyes, generally smooth dorsal surface of head, petiole tapering posteriorly in dorsal view, and erect setae on body tapering distally. This species is similar to C. vieti, but can be distinguished from it by the slender propodeal spines, petiole tapering posteriorly and subpostpetiolar process angulate. Distribution and biology: This species is known from Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yakushima Island, Amami Island) (Japanese Ant Database Group 2008, 2008), South Korea (Terayama, Choi & Kim, 1992; Choi, Ogata & Terayama, 1993), North Korea (Collingwood, 1976; Radchenko, 2005) and China (Wu & Wang, 1995; Zhou, 2001) (Fig. 51). It is noted that we have not examined the specimens from South Korea, North Korea and China in this study. This species inhabits grasslands (Hosoishi et al., 2015) to forests, and nests under stone and in soil or leaf litter. Colonies are polygynous. Reproductive alates fly at evening in September and are attracted to light (Japanese Ant Database Group 2008, 2008). A myrmecophilous beetle, Triartiger reductus Nomura (Staphylinidae) are known from the nests in Tsushima Island, Japan (Komatsu & Maruyama, 2008). Material examined: JAPAN: four workers, Takuhi Shrine, Nishinoshima, Oki Islands, Shimane, 17. ix. 2003 (T. Yamauchi); 30 workers, Hiraodai Karst Plateau, Fukuoka, 28. v. 2010 (S. Hosoishi); six workers, Nomozaki, Nagasaki, 27. vii. 1978 (K. Ogata); 11 workers, Anbou, Yakushima Island, Kagoshima, 25. viii. 2004 (K. Ogata et al.).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E51FF9F7FC2B8E1D996FEFE.taxon	description	(FIG. 113)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E51FF9F7FC2B8E1D996FEFE.taxon	description	Holotype worker. Mt. Makiling, Los Banos, Luzon Island, PHILIPPINES, 13. vii. 1997 (Sk. Yamane) (MPMP). Paratype. Four workers, same data as holotype (BMNH, CASC, KUEC, SKYC). Worker measurements (n = 5): HW 0.45 – 0.46; HL 0.48 – 0.49; CI 94 – 96; SL 0.41 – 0.43; SI 91 – 93; EL 0.09 – 0.11; PW 0.28 – 0.31; WL 0.56 – 0.59; PSL 0.08 – 0.11; PtL 0.16 – 0.18; PtW 0.13 – 0.14; PtH 0.13 – 0.14; PpL 0.11 – 0.12; PpW 0.14 – 0.15; PtHI 72 – 82; PtWI 76 – 88; PpWI 117 – 127; WI 100 – 108. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges posteriorly that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view not clearly forming continuous dorsal outline; mesonotal dorsum flat. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles elliptical, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching to metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process undeveloped. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one pair of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Mesopleura smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but one pair of rugulae running from metanotal groove to tips of propodeal spines. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole generally smooth, but with one longitudinal rugula. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with suberect setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect setae. Mesosoma with four pairs of long erect and stout setae [ps 1 PN (two pairs), psaMN, pspMN, and ps 1 PS] that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout setae (one pair of short setae laterally). Postpetiole with three pairs of setae on disc anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect to suberect setae abundantly, and short decumbent setae sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. quadriruga group by the distinct compound eyes, V-shaped metanotal groove in lateral view, large propodeal spiracles touching metapleural gland bulla, long propodeal spines (PSL 0.08 – 0.11), and yellow-colored body. This species is similar to C. sundalandensis, but can be distinguished from it by the scape with suberect setae only and yellow-colored body. Distribution: This species is known from the type locality of the Philippines (Fig. 52). Etymology: The specific name refers to the country of origin, the Philippines. Material examined: PHILIPPINES: four workers, Mt. Mayon, Luzon Island, 28. xi. 2005 (T. Kobayashi); six workers, Oriental Valencia, Negros, 25. v. 1983 (676) (C. K. Stall & F. P. Godoy).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E50FF807FC4BB70DCE5FE5B.taxon	description	(FIGS 114, 115)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E50FF807FC4BB70DCE5FE5B.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 8): HW 0.46 – 0.50; HL 0.48 – 0.51; CI 94 – 100; SL 0.44 – 0.48; SI 94 – 100; EL 0.11 – 0.12; PW 0.27 – 0.31; WL 0.54 – 0.60; PSL 0.11 – 0.13; PtL 0.17 – 0.22; PtW 0.14 – 0.17; PtH 0.13 – 0.15; PpL 0.12 – 0.17; PpW 0.15 – 0.18; PtHI 68 – 79; PtWI 74 – 85; PpWI 100 – 145; WI 100 – 113. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic, but intermediate worker as large as queen. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum with ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view not clearly forming continuous dorsal outline; mesonotal dorsum higher anteriorly. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed as acute process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one distinct pair of longitudinal longer rugulae and one pair of shorter rugulae laterally; longer rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with longitudinal rugulae. Mesopleura weakly punctuate, but seems smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but with longitudinal rugulae anteriorly. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of petiole smooth and shining. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with erect setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect and decumbent setae. Mesosoma with five to six pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, pspMN, ps 1 PS, and one to two ps 2 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout long setae and one pair of short setae laterally. Postpetiole with three pairs of setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect setae abundantly, and short appressed setae sparsely. Body bicolored with head, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and first gater yellow and with the remains of the gaster brown. All flagellar segments yellow. Intermediate worker measurements (n = 2): HW 0.65 – 0.68; HL 0.66 – 0.68; CI 98 – 100; SL 0.60 – 0.61; SI 90 – 92; EL 0.17; PW 0.48 – 0.51; WL 0.89 – 0.92; PSL 0.15; PtL 0.35; PtW 0.25 – 0.26; PtH 0.23 – 0.25; PpL 0.21 – 0.22; PpW 0.28 – 0.29; PtHI 66 – 71; PtWI 71 – 74; PpWI 131 – 133; WI 111 – 112. Description of intermediate worker: With worker character conditions, except as follows. Three ocelli present. Mesonotum strongly convex in lateral view. Posteri- or face of mesonotum steeply sloping so that in lateral view dorsal outline of promesonotum not smoothly arched. Subpetiolar process developed as blunt process. Dorsal surface of pronotum generally smooth, but with feeble rugulae. Dorsal surface of propodeum weakly punctuated with longitudinal rugulae. Lateral surface of petiole weakly sculptured. Dorsal surface of postpetiole smooth and shining. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole with three to four pais of stout long setae posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect setae abundantly, and short appressed setae sparsely. Body usually bicolored with head, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and first gater yellow and with remains of gaster brown to black. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. quadriruga group by the distinct compound eyes, propodeal spiracles small and apart from metapleural gland bulla, and petiole with subparallel sides in dorsal view. This species is similar to C. suehiro, but can be distinguished from it by longitudinal rugulae on clypeus not extending to posterior clypeal margin, bicolored body, petiole with subparallel sides in dorsal view. Specimens from northern part of Thailand (Chiang Mai) differ from other specimens in having the developed rugulae on promesonotum, slightly large propodeal spiracles and slightly broader petiole with sculptured surface. Single specimen from Laos has erect longer setae on pronotal shoulders medially. Some specimens from Bokor National Park, Cambodia differ in having yellow-colored gaster. Distribution and biology: This species is known from Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Indonesia (N. Sumatra) (Fig. 52). This species inhabits disturbed to developed forests, and nests in dead twigs on trees. Material examined: CAMBODIA: six workers, Permanental Sample Plots, Kampong Thom, 9. i. 2010 (SH 10 - Cam- 20) (S. Hosoishi); two workers, Community forest, Kampong Chhnang, 27. xi. 2010 (bamboo) (SH 10 - Cam- 198) (S. Hosoishi); one worker, Kampong Thom, 20. xi. 2010 (TUS arboreal) (S. Hosoishi); 12 workers, Bokor National Park (870 m alt.), Kampot, 9 – 11. xii. 2011 (Winkler 50 cm × 50 cm quadrat) (S. Hosoishi & S. - H. Park); INDONESIA: six workers, Pulau Weh, off Banda Aceh, Aceh, Sumara (disturbed forest), 27. xi. 2012 (dead leaves on tree) (SU 12 - SKY- 208) (Sk. Yamane); LAOS: one worker, Phang Dang Vil., Pak- Gnam Distr., Vientinane Prov. (350 m alt.), 13. vi. 2010 (leaf litter) (Sk. Yamane); THAILAND: two workers, Campus of Chiang Mai Univ., Chiang Mai Prov., N. Thailand, 10. vi. 2001, (Eg 01 - TH- 165) (K. Eguchi); one worker, Doi Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai Prov., N. Thailand, 9. vi. 2001, (Eg 01 - TH- 140) (K. Eguchi); one worker, Sakaerat lowland forest (DEF), Nakornratchasima, NE Thailand, 10. vii. 1999, (Sk. Yamane); 15 workers, Residental area, Bang Khean Distr., Bangkok, C. Thailand, 25. viii. 2003, (TH 03 - SKY- 102) (dry dead wood) (Sk. Yamane); three workers, Lum Jang Wat, E. Thai., 7. xii. 2005, (SH 05 - Tha- 51) (S. Hosoishi); three workers, Maegar, Phayao, 30. iii. 1990, (no collector’s name); four workers, Kaeng Krachan NP (320 m alt.), Phetchaburi Prov. (ex suspended dead twig) (TH 14 - SKY- 10) (Ban Kr. C. HQ); three workers, Sa i Khao, Pattani Prov., S. Thailand, 25. viii. 1998, (Sk. Yamane); six workers and two intermediate workers, PSU forest, Hat Yai, Songkhla Prov., 22. x. 2011 (dead twig) (TH 11 - SKY- 168) (Sk. Yamane): three workers, Khlong Saeng, Ratchaprapha, Surat Thani, 15. x. 2011 (dead twig on tree) (TH 11 - SKY- 139) (Sk. Yamane).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4FFF817C40BBDCDC39FB67.taxon	description	(FIGS 116, 117)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4FFF817C40BBDCDC39FB67.taxon	description	Crematogaster (Orthocrema) reticulata Hosoishi, 2009: 261;	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4FFF817C40BBDCDC39FB67.taxon	description	Holotype worker, Ulu Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia, 27. xi. 2005 (SH 05 - Mal- 01) (S. Hosoishi) (KUEC, examined) and ten paratype workers, same data as holotype (BMNH, MCSN, MCZC, MHNG, NHMB, examined).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4FFF817C40BBDCDC39FB67.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 7): HW 0.40 – 0.46; HL 0.40 – 0.46; CI 96 – 103; SL 0.36 – 0.42; SI 84 – 91; EL 0.10 – 0.11; PW 0.27 – 0.30; WL 0.46 – 0.57; PSL 0.09 – 0.14; PtL 0.15 – 0.17; PtW 0.12 – 0.14; PtH 0.11 – 0.13; PpL 0.09 – 0.12; PpW 0.14 – 0.15; PtHI 67 – 76; PtWI 75 – 87; PpWI 122 – 155; WI 107 – 111. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic, but intermediate workers as large as queen (see below). Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin weakly convex or almost straight in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with almost straight anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum with ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view not clearly forming continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles elliptical, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with parallel sides and angulate shoulders anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed as acute process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view slightly wider than petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process developed as acute process. Integument essentially sculptured. Dorsal surface of head sculptured reticulately. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus weakly sculptured with longitudinal rugulae; longer rugulae extending to posterior clypeal margin. Anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Lateral surface of pronotum sculptured in higher portion, but relatively smooth and shining in lower portion. Pronotum and mesonotum with longitudinal rugulae and sculptured interspaces. Mesopleura sculptured, but relatively smooth in central areas. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. Dorsal surface of propodeum sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of petiole sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole sculptured. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with several pairs (c. 9) of erect and stout long setae, and short and decumbent setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and some pairs (three to four) of short setae laterally. Scapes with decumbent to appressed setae. Mesosoma with five pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, ps 2 PN, psaMN, pspMN, and ps 2 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout long setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of stout long setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with several pairs (c. 12) of erect and stout setae, and short appressed setae sparsely. Body yellow-brown. All flagellar segments yellow. Intermediate worker measurements (n = 2): HW 0.66 – 0.75; HL 0.63 – 0.69; CI 105 – 109; SL 0.49 – 0.54; SI 72 – 74; EL 0.16 – 0.18; PW 0.49 – 0.56; WL 0.80 – 0.94; PSL 0.16 – 0.18; PtL 0.28 – 0.32; PtW 0.23 – 0.26; PtH 0.18 – 0.23; PpL 0.17 – 0.20; PpW 0.27 – 0.30; PtHI 64 – 72; PtWI 81 – 82; PpWI 150 – 159; WI 115 – 117. Description of intermediate worker: With worker character conditions, except as follows. Head subquadratic. Three ocelli present. Mesonotum highly convex in lateral view. Pronotum not clearly forming same dorsal outline with mesonotum in lateral view, but posterior face forming oblique slope to metanotal groove. Propodeal spiracles oval. Subpetiolar process developed as small tubercle. Mesosoma with nine to 11 pairs of erect and stout long setae; one ps 1 PN and one to two ps 2 PN, five to six pairs on mesonotal ridges, two pairs on propodeal spines. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole with two pairs of stout long setae posteriorly. Postpetiole with four pairs of stout long setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally and posteriorly. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. biroi group by the distinct compound eyes, strongly sculptured dorsal surface of head, and petiole squared without angulate anterolateral corners. This species is very similar to C. schimmeri, but can be distinguished from it by the propodeal spiracles apart from metapleural gland bulla, petiole squared without angulate anterolateral corners. Distribution and biology: This species is known from S. Thailand and Malaysia (Peninsula and Borneo) and Brunei (Fig. 51). This species inhabits developed forests, and nests in dead twigs or in dead leaves on trees (SH collections from Ulu Gombak). Material examined: BRUNEI: one worker, Tasek Merimbun, 12. ii. 1999. (Eg 99 - BOR- 032) (K. Eguchi); MALAYSIA: two workers, Lambir Hills N. P. Miri, Sarawak, 20. x. 2005. (CH 000512) (C. Handa); six workers, Ulu Gombak, Selangor, 7. iii. 2009 (SH 09 - Mal- 37) (S. Hosoishi); THAILAND: six workers, Evergreen For., Khlong Naka WS., Ranong Prov., S. Thailand, 12. viii. 2009 (WJT 09 - TH 2046) (W. Jaitrong); four workers, Papra Stn., Khao Nan N. P., Nakhon, S. Thammarat Prov., S. Thailand, 13. iii. 2007 (TH 07 - SKY- 24) (W. Jaitrong); four workers and two intermediate workers, Datfa Waterfall, Tai Rom Yen National Park, Surat Thani Prov., 12. x. 2011 (knot of live tree) (TH 11 - SKY- 062) (Sk. Yamane).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4EFF827C65BEF8DC48FBDC.taxon	description	(FIG. 118)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4EFF827C65BEF8DC48FBDC.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 5): HW 0.44 – 0.48; HL 0.45 – 0.49; CI 96 – 98; SL 0.38 – 0.40; SI 79 – 87; EL 0.12 – 0.13; PW 0.29 – 0.32; WL 0.50 – 0.54; PSL 0.08 – 0.10; PtL 0.14 – 0.17; PtW 0.15 – 0.17; PtH 0.11 – 0.14; PpL 0.11 – 0.12; PpW 0.16 – 0.18; PtHI 75 – 82; PtWI 88 – 107; PpWI 142 – 150; WI 107 – 113. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin weakly convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with almost straight anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum with ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view not clearly forming continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with parallel sides and angulate shoulders anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed as blunt process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view slightly wider than petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process developed as acute process. Integument essentially sculptured. Dorsal surface of head weakly sculptured reticulately. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus weakly sculptured with longitudinal rugulae; longer rugulae extending to posterior clypeal margin. Anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Lateral surface of pronotum sculptured in higher portion, but relatively smooth and shining in lower portion. Pronotum and mesonotum with longitudinal rugulae and sculptured interspaces. Mesopleura sculptured, but relatively smooth in central areas. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. Dorsal surface of propodeum sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of petiole sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole sculptured. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with several pairs (c. 9) of erect and stout long setae, and short and decumbent setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and some pairs (three to four) of short setae laterally. Scapes with decumbent to appressed setae. Mesosoma with five pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, ps 2 PN, psaMN, pspMN, and ps 2 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout long setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of stout long setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with several pairs (c. 12) of erect and stout setae, and short appressed setae sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4EFF827C65BEF8DC48FBDC.taxon	discussion	Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. biroi group by the distinct compound eyes, sculptured dorsal surface of head, and petiole squared with angulate anterolateral corners. This species is similar to C. reticulata, but can be distinguished from it by the propodeal spiracles touching metapleural gland bulla and squared petiole with angulate anterolateral corners. Terayama (2009) assigned this species to the subgenus Decarema by having 10 - segmented antennae. However, examinations of the type specimens reveals that the species has 11 - segmented antennae and belongs to the subgenus Orthocrema (Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009 a).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4EFF827C65BEF8DC48FBDC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: This species is known only from the type locality in Taiwan (Fig. 51).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4DFF837C98BE51DC2DFD90.taxon	description	(FIG. 119)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4DFF837C98BE51DC2DFD90.taxon	description	Holotype worker. Dumoga-Bone N. P., Utara, Sulawesi, INDONESIA, Fog. 5, (400 m alt.), 11. ii. 1985, BMNH Plot C (N. Stork) (BMNH). Paratypes. Five workers, same data as holotype (CASC, KUEC, MHNG, MBBJ, THNHM).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4DFF837C98BE51DC2DFD90.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 6): HW 0.47 – 0.50; HL 0.48 – 0.52; CI 96 – 100; SL 0.51 – 0.54; SI 104 – 113; EL 0.12 – 0.13; PW 0.29 – 0.32; WL 0.60 – 0.65; PSL 0.17 – 0.22; PtL 0.24 – 0.27; PtW 0.16 – 0.19; PtH 0.14 – 0.16; PpL 0.13 – 0.14; PpW 0.18 – 0.19; PtHI 59 – 68; PtWI 67 – 77; PpWI 136 – 146; WI 100 – 113. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head round in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes exceeding posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, slightly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming evenly arched, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming shallow concavity that is laterally margined by ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situat- ed at posteolateral corners of propodeum, apart from mepleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view strongly divergent, in lateral view curved upward. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow short peduncle anteriorly, distinctly longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process undeveloped. Postpetiole in lateral view with strongly convex dorsum, distinctly higher than petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one distinct pair of longitudinal shorter rugulae. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Mesopleura weakly sculptured, but sometimes smooth except for their marginal areas in some specimens (on anterior and central areas). Dorsal surface of propodeum weakly sculptured and with rugulae on anterodorsal areas. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with three pairs of long erect setae and short appressed setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one single long setae medially and one pair of long setae laterally. Scapes with appressed setae. Mesosoma with two pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, and psaMN) that are much longer than other erect setae and shorter pspMN. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout long setae. Postpetiole with one pair of stout long setae on disc posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect setae sparsely (c. 8), but no decumbent to appressed setae. Body red-brown. Apical two flagellar segments yellow, contracting with other flagellar segments that are brown. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. baduvi group by the smooth and shining surface of mesosoma, propodeal dorsum with rugulae, and propodeal spines directed upward at the tip. This species is similar to C. baduvi and C. brunensis, but can be distinguished from them by upward-curved propodeal spines. Distribution: This species is known only from the type locality in Indonesia (Sulawesi) (Fig. 49). Etymology: The species name is dedicated to Dr. N. Stork (BMNH), who collected the type material. Material examined: INDONESIA: three workers, Dumoga-Bone N. P., Utara, Sulawesi, 14. ii. 1985 (No collector’s name).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4CFF857C65B88FD934FBFD.taxon	description	(FIG. 120)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4CFF857C65B88FD934FBFD.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 6): HW 0.46 – 0.52; HL 0.47 – 0.51; CI 96 – 102; SL 0.46 – 0.50; SI 94 – 100; EL 0.12 – 0.14; PW 0.30 – 0.33; WL 0.54 – 0.6; PSL 0.11 – 0.13; PtL 0.18 – 0.20; PtW 0.16 – 0.18; PtH 0.14 – 0.15; PpL 0.12 – 0.14; PpW 0.17 – 0.19; PtHI 74 – 79; PtWI 85 – 90; PpWI 123 – 158; WI 106 – 112. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view not clearly forming continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole without distinct process in lateral view. Subpetiolar process weakly developed as small process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view slightly wider than petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one distinct pair of longitudinal longer rugulae and one pair of shorter rugulae laterally; longer rugulae extending to posteri- or clypeal margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum without rugulae. Mesopleura smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but with one longitudinal rugulae anteriorly. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of petiole smooth and shining. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with erect setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect setae. Mesosoma with five pairs of long erect and stout setae [ps 1 PN, ps 2 PN, psaMN, pspMN (also one pair of short setae medially), and ps 1 PS] that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with two pairs of stout long setae. Postpetiole with four pairs of setae on disc anterodorsally, anterodorsally and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect setae abundantly, and short decumbent setae sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: We have not examined the types of C. suehiro, but the original description and figures closely match the specimens examined. In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. quadriruga group by the distinct compound eyes, propodeal spiracles small and apart from metapleural gland bulla, and petiole tapering anteriorly in dorsal view. This species is similar to C. quadriruga, but can be distinguished from it by the longitudinal rugulae on the clypeus extending to the bottoms between frontal carinae and petiole tapering anteriorly. In the original description of C. miroku, Terayama (2013) separated the species from C. osakensis by the carinate dorsolateral corners of mesonotum and smooth and shining mesopleuron. However, the original description and character states mentioned by him match well with C. suehiro. Additionally longer scape (SI 96) in holotype of C. miroku also suggests the affinity with C. suehiro (SI 94 – 100) rather than C. osakensis (SI 77 – 84). In a key to Japanese Crematogaster species (Terayama, Kubota & Eguchi, 2014), C. miroku was separated from C. suehiro by the petiole with convex sides and slightly broader posteriorly, but he mentioned ‘ Petiole .., widest at posterior end ’ in the original description (Terayama, 2013). Those slight differences are treated as variation within one species, C. suehiro until additional characters including molecular data are available. Distribution and biology: This species is known from Southern parts of Japan (Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Island) (Fig. 52). This species inhabits developed forests, and nests in dead twigs on trees. Material examined: JAPAN: six workers, Mt. Omoto, Ishigaki Island, 10. x. 2008 (M. Maruyama & T. Komatsu).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4AFF867FD8BE72DA80FD01.taxon	description	(FIG. 121)	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4AFF867FD8BE72DA80FD01.taxon	description	Holotype worker. Parapat (900 m alt.), Danau Toba, N. Sumatra, INDONESIA, 19. viii. 2002 (SU 02 - SKY- 73) (Sk. Yamane) (MBBJ). Paratypes. Seven workers, same data as hotlotype (BMNH, CASC, KUEC, MHNG, SKYC, THNHM).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E4AFF867FD8BE72DA80FD01.taxon	description	Worker measurements (n = 8): HW 0.44 – 0.53; HL 0.47 – 0.55; CI 92 – 100; SL 0.42 – 0.49; SI 92 – 96; EL 0.12 – 0.14; PW 0.29 – 0.35; WL 0.56 – 0.64; PSL 0.08 – 0.11; PtL 0.17 – 0.21; PtW 0.15 – 0.16; PtH 0.12 – 0.15; PpL 0.11 – 0.13; PpW 0.16 – 0.19; PtHI 70 – 78; PtWI 80 – 88; PpWI 133 – 146; WI 106 – 107. General description of worker: Workers monomorphic. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with weakly concave anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum without distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view forming evenly arched, continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles elliptical, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, touching to metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with subparallel sides and narrow anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole without distinct process in lateral view. Subpetiolar process undeveloped. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, weakly bilobed posteriorly but without longitudinal sulcus. Subpostpetiolar process undeveloped, but venter of postpetiole convex. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head smooth and shining. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with one pair of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of pronotum smooth and shining; anterolateral shoulders of pronotum without rugulae. Mesopleura smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of propodeum generally smooth and shining, but one pair of rugulae running from metanotal groove to tips of propodeal spines. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole generally smooth, without longitudinal rugulae. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with suberect setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect setae mixed with two to three long setae. Mesosoma with four pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, pspMN, and ps 1 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with two pairs of stout setae. Postpetiole with three pairs of setae on disc anteriorly, posteriorly, and laterally. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect setae sparsely, and short decumbent setae sparsely. Body bicolored, head and gaster with brown, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole with yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. quadriruga group by the distinct compound eyes, V-shaped metanotal groove in lateral view, large propodeal spiracles touching metapleural gland bulla, long propodeal spines (PSL 0.08 – 0.11), and bicolored body. This species is similar to C. philippinensis, but can be distinguished from it by the scape with two to three erect setae and decumbent setae, and bicolored body. Distribution: This species is known from Malaysia (Borneo) and Indonesia (Sumatra) (Fig. 52). Etymology: The specific name refers to the regions which the material is collected. Material examined: INDONESIA: one worker, Ulu Gadut, nr. Padang, W. Sumatra, 27 – 30. viii. 1985 (Sk. Yamane); MALAYSIA: seven workers, Maliau Basin (riparian forest), Sabah, Borneo (300 m alt.), 10. xi. 2011 (ex carton cover) (SB 11 - SKY- 38) (Sk. Yamane).	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E49FF867FF8B8E4DA8EFAEE.taxon	discussion	Comments: We have not been able to examine the type material of C. udo. Forel (1905) referred the affinity with C. fritzi Emery in the original description, whereas Menozzi’s key (1935) clearly separated C. fritzi from other Orthocrema species, including C. udo, by having two pairs of hairs on mesosomal dorsum. Taxonomic relationship of C. udo with C. fritzi will remain unresolved until the type material is examined.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E49FF877E03BF46DD8DFBFB.taxon	description	(FIGS 122, 123) Holotype worker. Y Linh Ho, Sa Pa, Lao Cai, VIETNAM, Small fragment of forest (c. 1100 m alt.), 1. v. 2002 (Eg 02 - VN- 225) (K. Eguchi) (IEBR). Paratypes. Two workers, same data as holotype (ACEG, KUEC); three workers, Y Linh Ho, Sa Pa, Lao Cai, VIETNAM, Small fragment of forest (c. 1100 m alt.), 1. v. 2002 (Eg 02 - VN- 215) (K. Eguchi) (BMNH, CASC, THNHM). Worker measurements (n = 9): HW 0.42 – 0.70; HL 0.45 – 0.64; CI 92 – 113; SL 0.37 – 0.51; SI 72 – 88; EL 0.10 – 0.16; PW 0.26 – 0.39; WL 0.54 – 0.75; PSL 0.07 – 0.14; PtL 0.17 – 0.24; PtW 0.13 – 0.20; PtH 0.12 – 0.18; PpL 0.11 – 0.16; PpW 0.15 – 0.21; PtHI 74 – 86; PtWI 77 – 88; PpWI 120 – 154; WI 95 – 111. General description of woker: Workers weakly polymorphic in size. Head subquadratic in full-face view. Mandibles with four teeth arranged at an equal distance, apical and subapical teeth large, basal two teeth smaller. Anterior clypeal margin weakly convex in medial portion. Compound eyes distinctly projecting beyond lateral margins of head in full-face view. Scapes reaching posterolateral corners of head. Pronotal collar with almost straight anterior margin in dorsal view, distinctly lower than pronotum in lateral view. Pronotal dorsum with distinct ridges laterally. Mesonotal dorsum with lateral ridges that irregularly extend posteriad to tips of propodeal spines. Pronotum and mesonotum in lateral view not clearly forming continuous dorsal outline. Metanotal groove in dorsal view transverse, almost straight in median portion, forming deep concavity that is laterally margined by lamellate ridges. Propodeal spiracles oval, situated at posterolateral corners of propodeum, apart from or touching metapleural gland bullae. Propodeal spines developed, longer than diameter of propodeal spiracles, in dorsal view directed posteriad. Petiole in dorsal view with parallel sides and angulate shoulders anteriorly, longer than wide. Posterior portion of petiole with short process that is slightly higher than posterior margin of petiole disc in lateral view. Subpetiolar process developed as acute process. Postpetiole in lateral view with weakly convex dorsum, as high as petiole, in dorsal view as wide as petiole, globular, not bilobed. Subpostpetiolar process developed as acute process. Integument essentially smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of head generally smooth and shining, but weakly with rugulae on surrounding region of antennal sockets. Mandibles with feeble rugulae and smooth interspaces. Clypeus generally smooth and shining, but with two distinct pairs of longitudinal rugulae; rugulae not extending to posterior clypeal margin. Anterolateral shoulders of pronotum with rugulae. Dorsal surface of pronotum with longitudinal rugulae. Lateral surface of pronotum smooth and shining. Mesopleura weakly sculptured, but relatively smooth on central areas. Rugula on higher portion of mesopleura extending to small pit of mesothoracic spiracles. Dorsal surface of propodeum with rugulae. Dorsal surface of petiole smooth and shining. Lateral surface of petiole weakly sculptured. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of postpetiole smooth and shining. Standing pilosity sparse. Dorsal face of head with two to three pairs of erect and stout long setae, and short and decumbent setae sparsely. Clypeus with two pairs of long setae in anterior portion, one directed upward and the other downward. Anterior clypeal margin with one pair of long setae medially and some pairs of short setae laterally. Scapes with suberect to decumbent setae. Mesosoma with four pairs of long erect and stout setae (ps 1 PN, psaMN, pspMN, and ps 1 PS) that are much longer than other erect setae. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole posteriorly with one pair of stout long setae. Postpetiole with four pairs of stout long setae on disc anterodorsally, anterolaterally and posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with erect and stout setae sparsely, and short decumbent setae sparsely. Body yellow. All flagellar segments yellow. Intermediate worker measurements (n = 1): HW 0.68; HL 0.70; CI 97; SL 0.54; SI 79; EL 0.19; PW 0.47; WL 0.95; PSL 0.19; PtL 0.32; PtW 0.25; PtH 0.24; PpL 0.20; PpW 0.28; PtHI 75; PtWI 78; PpWI 140; WI 112. Description of intermediate worker: With worker character conditions, except as follows. Vestigial lateral ocelli present. Mesonotum highly convex in lateral view. Mesonotal dorsum without lateral ridges. Pronotum not clearly forming same dorsal outline with mesonotum in lateral view, but posterior face forming oblique slope to metanotal groove. Propodeal spiracles touching metapleural gland bulla. Petiole wth subparallel sides in dorsal view, tapering anteriorly. Subpetiolar process developed as blunt process. Dorsal surface of pronotum smooth and shining. Dorsal surface of mesonotum with rugulae anteriorly and laterally. Mesopleura generally smooth, but oblique sulcus running from anterior areas. Anterodorsal surface of propodeum with rugulae reticulately. Anterior clypeal margin with one single and one pair of long setae on median portion and some pairs of short setae laterally. Mesosoma with several pairs of long setae on promesonotum, one ps 1 PS. Posterolateral tubercles of petiole with two to three pairs of stout long setae posteriorly. Fourth abdominal tergite with suberect to decumbent setae abundantly. Comments: In the worker this species can be distinguished from all other members of the C. biroi group by the distinct compound eyes, generally smooth dorsal surface of head, petiole with subparallel sides in dorsal view, and erect setae on body tapering distally. This species is very similar to C. osakensis, but distinguished from it by the thick propodeal spines and petiole with subparallel sides. This species corresponds to sp. 36 of SKY (Eguchi et al., 2005) and sp. eg- 1, sp. eg- 4 by Eguchi et al. (2011). Distribution: This species is known from Vietnam (Fig. 51). Etymology: The species name is dedicated to Dr. Bui T. Viet, who helped with field surveys in Vietnam. Material examined: VIETNAM: one worker, Tam Dao 1000 m alt., Vinh Phuc Prov., N. Vietnam, 8. viii. 1998 (Sk. Yamane); one worker, Tam Dao 1000 m alt., Vinh Phuc Prov., N. Vietnam, 9. viii. 1998 (Sk. Yamane); two workers, Tam Dao 1000 m alt., Tam Duong Dist., Vinh Prov., 6. xi. 2001 (K. Ogata); four workers, Ba Vi 460 m alt., Ba Vi Dist., Ha Tay Prov., 11. xi. 2001 (K. Ogata); two workers, Ba Vi 670 m alt., Ba Vi Dist., Ha Tay Prov., 12. xi. 2001 (K. Ogata); four workers, Tu Lung, Mai Chau Dist., Hoa Binh Prov., 27. xi. 1999 (K. Ogata); three workers, Small fragment of forest (c. 1100 m alt.), Y Linh Ho, Sa Pa, Lao Cai, 1. v. 2002 (Eg 02 - VN- 215) (K. Eguchi); three workers, Small fragment of forest (c. 1100 m alt.), Y Linh Ho, Sa Pa, Lao Cai, 1. v. 2002 (Eg 02 - VN- 225) (K. Eguchi); four workers, M. Nghe An, Pu Hoat, Lung Khung (640 m alt.), 5. xi. 1999 (code- 011) (T. V. Bui); one worker, Chua Yen Tu (720 – 845 m alt.), Quang Ninh, 19. v. 2004 (K. Eguchi); two workers and one intermediate worker, near Forestry Station (253 m alt.), Khe Kem, Pu Mat N. P., Nghe An, 15. iii. 2006 (Eg 15 iii 06 - 03) (K. Eguchi). Species excluded from the subgenus Orthocrema in Asia.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E48FF877C6ABE76DC80F970.taxon	discussion	Comments: Examination of syntype workers in MCSN and MHNG reveals that C. crassicornis does not belong to the subgenus Orthocrema. Although this species has two-segmented antennal club, characteristic features include: anterolateral margins of clypeus protruded anteriorly; petiole without node-like process posteriorly in lateral view; postpetiole bilobed with longitudinal median sulcus. These features are characteristic of the subgenus Crematogaster and we consider C. crassicornis to be referred to that subgenus.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
1E64E12B3E48FF887C9EBCEFDA2AFDA0.taxon	discussion	Comments: Examination of syntype workers in MCSN and MHNG reveals that C. pauli does not belong to the subgenus Orthocrema. Although this species has two-segmented antennal club, characteristic features include: anterolateral margins of clypeus protruded anteriorly; petiole without node-like process posteriorly in lateral view. These features are characteristic of the subgenus Crematogaster and we consider C. crassicornis to be referred to that subgenus.	en	Hosoishi, Shingo, Ogata, Kazuo (2016): Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3): 547-606, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12330, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12330
