identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5E272C7FFFB1FFE31AC6FCD177E8FD53.text	5E272C7FFFB1FFE31AC6FCD177E8FD53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriorhynchus Geoffroyii (von Meyer 1832	<div><p>METRIORHYNCHUS VON MEYER, 1832</p> <p>(FIGS 1–3)</p> <p>Type specimen: MHNG V-2232, partial cranial rostrum.</p> <p>Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps (1867 – 69: 118) attempted to rectify the taxonomic issues associated with Metriorhynchus, and designated a new type species for the genus (Me. superciliosus). However, the ICZN did not exist during that time, and under Article 68.3 of the Code, M. geoffroyii is the type species by monotypy. As stated above, von Meyer (1832) never designated a type specimen for Me. geoffroyii. The first time MHNG V-2232 was considered to the lectotype was by Vignaud (1995) in his unpublished PhD thesis, which Young et al. (2010) followed. However, as noted above, Young et al. (2010) merely stated that MHNG V-2232 was the lectotype, they did not designate it so. Thus, until this publication, no-one has ever designated a type specimen for Metriorhynchus geoffroyii that fulfils Article 74.7.3 of the ICZN Code. As herein, we formally designate MHNG V-2232 to be the lectotype; it ensures that the cranial rostrum description of von Meyer (1832), which was the basis for the generic name, is reflected in the type specimen and ensures taxonomic stability. With the ‘Havre snout’ (MHNG V-2232) being the lectotype of both Me. geoffroyii and Ga. jurinii it renders them both junior objective synonyms of Steneosaurus brevirostris Holl, 1829.</p> <p>Type species: Metriorhynchus geoffroyii von Meyer, 1832, a junior objective synonym of Steneosaurus brevirostris Holl, 1829 (following Recommendation 67B of the ICZN Code).</p> <p>Note: We cannot use Article 23.9 to preserve Me. geoffroyii as it does not fulfil Article 23.9.1.2. A Google Scholar online search for ‘ Metriorhynchus geoffroyii ’ from 1970–2020 gave 13 results: all are from 2001 onwards and most of the first authors mentioning the species are co-authors on this contribution. We recognize that Google Scholar is not an ideal literature search, especially for historical names, but it does give a general overview of how widespread the usage of a name is.</p> <p>Etymology: Latinized from Greek µέτριο, moderate, and ρύγχος, snout.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Same as the only species herein regarded to be validly assigned to the genus Metriorhynchus (see below).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E272C7FFFB1FFE31AC6FCD177E8FD53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Young, Mark T.;Brignon, Arnaud;Sachs, Sven;Hornung, Jahn J.;Foffa, Davide;Kitson, James J. N.;Johnson, Michela M.;Steel, Lorna	Young, Mark T., Brignon, Arnaud, Sachs, Sven, Hornung, Jahn J., Foffa, Davide, Kitson, James J. N., Johnson, Michela M., Steel, Lorna (2021): Cutting the Gordian knot: a historical and taxonomic revision of the Jurassic crocodylomorph Metriorhynchus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192 (2): 510-553, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092
5E272C7FFFB1FFE11967FD777080F8A9.text	5E272C7FFFB1FFE11967FD777080F8A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriorhynchus brevirostris (Holl 1829)	<div><p>METRIORHYNCHUS BREVIROSTRIS (HOLL, 1829)</p> <p>(FIGS 1–3)</p> <p>v 1820 Upper jaw of the fossil crocodile from Havre in the Museum of the Academy of Geneva – De la Beche, lithograph.</p> <p>v 1824 Tête à museau plus court [partim] – Cuvier, pp. 152– 153, pl. 10, figs 5–7.</p> <p>v* 1829 Steneosaurus brevirostris sp. nov. – Holl, p. 88.</p> <p>v* 1831 Gavialis Jurinii sp. nov. – Gray, p. 57. [sic] [partim]</p> <p>v* 1832 Metriorhynchus geoffroyii gen. et sp. nov. – von Meyer, p. 106. [partim]</p> <p>v 1836 Anterior extremity of the upper jaw of Steneosaurus – Buckland, p. 36, pl. 25’ fig. 3.</p> <p>v 1837 Metriorhynchus Geoffroyii (von Meyer) – Bronn, p. 520, pl. 26, figs 7b,d, 8a,b. [sic] [partim]</p> <p>v 1845 Steneosaurus rostro-minor [sic] Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire – Pictet, p. 46, pl. 1, fig. 2 [partim]</p> <p>v 1853 Steneosaurus rostro-minor [sic] Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire – Pictet, p. 492–493, pl. 25, fig. 9 [partim]</p> <p>v 1973 Metriorhynchus geoffroyi (von Meyer) – Steel., p. 45, fig. 18 (10). [sic]</p> <p>v 1987 Metriorhynchus geoffroyi (von Meyer) – Adams- Tresman, p. 193. [sic]</p> <p>v 2010 Metriorhynchus geoffroyii (von Meyer) – Young et al., p. 803.</p> <p>Holotype: MHNG V-2232, partial cranial rostrum.</p> <p>Casts of holotype: MGCL 9868, PIMUZ A/III 82 and OUMNH unnumbered.</p> <p>Type locality and horizon: Le Havre, Département de Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France. Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic.</p> <p>Etymology: From Latin brevis, short, and rostrum, snout. The combination with the genus results in ‘the</p> <p>short snouted moderate snout’ (or ‘moderate short snout’), which is perhaps unfortunate.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Metriorhynchid crocodylomorph with the following unique combination of characters: premaxilla posterodorsal processes terminate level to the M3 alveoli; the three premaxillary alveoli successively increase in size, with the P1 alveoli being circular in shape and the P3 alveoli being the most oval of the premaxillary tooth-row; premaxilla is transversely broad level to the narial fossa posterior margin; constriction at the premaxilla–maxilla contact; having at least 13 maxillary alveoli anterior to the palatine anterior processes; maxillary alveoli M1–M13 are irregularly shaped ovals, with the post-M3 alveoli becoming more circular in shape; nasal anterior processes terminate level to the M8 alveoli; lacks a fully ossified internarial bar (thus an undivided external naris); the anterior-margin of the narial fossa is posterior to the P1 alveoli and the posterior margin terminates slightly posterior to the premaxillary tooth-row.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>The holotype of Metriorhynchus brevirostris (MHNG V-2232; Figs 1–3) is the cranial rostrum, preserving the premaxilla, maxilla and the anterior process of the nasals. In palatal view only, the premaxilla and maxilla are preserved, and there are no complete tooth crowns. Overall, the snout is long and narrow, with a slightly concave upper margin (Figs 1, 2). In dorsal view, widest part of the premaxillae is slightly wider than the anterior portion of the maxillae.</p> <p>Premaxilla and external nares: In dorsal view, the premaxilla is an anteroposteriorly elongated rhomboid (Fig. 1). The premaxillary posterodorsal processes are not particularly elongated for a metriorhynchid, terminating approximately level to the third (M3) maxillary alveoli. The suture between the premaxilla and maxilla is not entirely clear, but it appears to be almost straight (rather than curved or strongly interdigitating), with the posterodorsal processes converging posteriorly. The premaxilla only contacts the maxilla along its posterior margins. In lateral view, the external surfaces are slightly convex (Fig. 2). The ornamentation on the external surfaces is hard to discern due to encrustations.</p> <p>The external naris aperture is largely circular, undivided and situated within the larger narial fossa (Figs 1–3). The shape of the narial fossa is unclear, due to the poor preservation of the anterior margin, but it looks to have been oval-shaped. There is no evidence of an ossified narial bar, but the posterior-end of the bar is preserved, slightly overhanging the external naris. The anterior-margin of the narial fossa is posterior to the P1 alveoli, while the posterior-margin of the narial fossa is slightly posterior to the premaxillary tooth-row.</p> <p>In palatal view, three widely spaced alveoli can be seen (Fig. 1B). The first alveoli (P1) are the smallest and are circular in shape. The P2 alveoli are larger and more oval in shape, while the P3 alveoli are the largest in the premaxilla and are oval in shape. The premaxilla–maxilla contact is an anteriorly directed ‘V’-shape created by the maxilla palatal anterior process overlapping the premaxilla. The maxillary palatal process terminates level to the anterior margin of the P3 alveoli. It appears as though the incisive foramen is positioned medial to the P2 alveoli but, given the preservation of the rostrum, this is not entirely clear. The palatal processes of the premaxilla form the anterior margin of the M1 alveolar margin.</p> <p>Maxilla: Approximately the anterior half of the maxilla is preserved (Fig. 1). The external surfaces of the maxillae are slightly convex. The ornamentation is difficult to distinguish from the encrustations, but along the alveolar margins on the right side, there appears to be natural external surface texture (Fig. 2B). It is composed of well-developed anteroposteriorly aligned ridges, suggesting that the rostrum may have been ornamented in life. In Tyrannoneustes lythrodectikos (Foffa &amp;Young, 2014) and Dakosaurus maximus (Young et al., 2012) there are clear shifts in ornamentation patterns across the maxilla; given the preservation of the holotype we cannot determine if that is true for Metriorhynchus brevirostris. In lateral view, the preservation of the specimen precludes us from determining of there were reception pits on the lateral margins of the maxillae (Fig. 2).</p> <p>In palatal view, 12 alveoli are preserved on the right maxilla (anterior section of the 13 th alveolus is visible), while there are 13 complete alveoli on the left maxilla (with the anterior section of the 14 th alveolus visible) (Fig. 1). All alveoli are circular to subcircular in shape. The interalveolar spaces are variable in size. The M1 and M2 alveoli are closely packed, from M2 to M7 the interalveolar spaces are wider, between M7 and M8 there is the largest preserved gap, M8–M10 has gaps similar in size to those of M2–M7; finally, from M10 posteriorly the interalveolar spaces become small. Paired palatal grooves are present on either side of the maxilla midline. The grooves appear to terminate level to the M5 alveoli. In Ty. lythrodectikos these grooves terminate level to the M4 alveoli (Foffa &amp; Young, 2014), and in the ‘English rostrum’ from the ‘E-clade’ these grooves continue anteriorly along maxilla terminating level to the M2 alveoli (Young et al., 2020a).</p> <p>Nasals: Little of the nasals are preserved,only the anterior processes. The anterior processes form the characteristic converging triangular shape seen in thalattosuchians (e.g. see Fraas, 1902; Andrews, 1913) (Fig. 1). The nasals are paired, with the anterior processes terminating</p> <p>level to the M8 alveoli. Due to the encrustations the ornamentation is hard to discern, but the external surface has anteroposteriorly aligned grooves.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E272C7FFFB1FFE11967FD777080F8A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Young, Mark T.;Brignon, Arnaud;Sachs, Sven;Hornung, Jahn J.;Foffa, Davide;Kitson, James J. N.;Johnson, Michela M.;Steel, Lorna	Young, Mark T., Brignon, Arnaud, Sachs, Sven, Hornung, Jahn J., Foffa, Davide, Kitson, James J. N., Johnson, Michela M., Steel, Lorna (2021): Cutting the Gordian knot: a historical and taxonomic revision of the Jurassic crocodylomorph Metriorhynchus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192 (2): 510-553, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092
5E272C7FFFB8FFEA19E8FC8470A5FA53.text	5E272C7FFFB8FFEA19E8FC8470A5FA53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thalattosuchus Young & Brignon & Sachs & Hornung & Foffa & Kitson & Johnson & Steel 2021	<div><p>THALATTOSUCHUS GEN. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 6)</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Crocodilus superciliosus Blainville in Eudes- Deslongchamps, 1852 (following Recommendation 67B of the ICZN Code) (nomen protectum). Now referred to as Thalattosuchus superciliosus (Blainville in Eudes- Deslongchamps, 1852) comb. nov. Type by designation.</p> <p>Thalattosuchus superciliosus is a junior subjective synonym of Steneosaurus rostrominor Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire, 1825 (nomen oblitum).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>‘Sea crocodile’, given that the species superciliosus is perhaps the best-known thalattosuchian, it is fitting that the genus be established for this species.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Same as the only species (see below).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E272C7FFFB8FFEA19E8FC8470A5FA53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Young, Mark T.;Brignon, Arnaud;Sachs, Sven;Hornung, Jahn J.;Foffa, Davide;Kitson, James J. N.;Johnson, Michela M.;Steel, Lorna	Young, Mark T., Brignon, Arnaud, Sachs, Sven, Hornung, Jahn J., Foffa, Davide, Kitson, James J. N., Johnson, Michela M., Steel, Lorna (2021): Cutting the Gordian knot: a historical and taxonomic revision of the Jurassic crocodylomorph Metriorhynchus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192 (2): 510-553, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092
5E272C7FFFB8FFD7196DFA6176A7FCDA.text	5E272C7FFFB8FFD7196DFA6176A7FCDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thalattosuchus superciliosus (BLAINVILLE) Young & Brignon & Sachs & Hornung & Foffa & Kitson & Johnson & Steel 2021	<div><p>THALATTOSUCHUS SUPERCILIOSUS (BLAINVILLE IN EUDES- DESLONGCHAMPS, 1852) GEN. &amp; COMB. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 6)</p> <p>v 1808 Espèce inconnue de crocodile – Cuvier, pp. 90–92, pl. 11, figs 1, 2. [partim]</p> <p>v 1824 Tête à museau plus court – Cuvier, pp. 152–153, pl. 8, figs 1, 2. [partim]</p> <p>v 1825 Steneosaurus rostro -minor [sic] sp. nov. – Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, pp. 147, 149. [nomen oblitum]</p> <p>v 1832 Streptospondylus altfordensis sp. nov. – von Meyer, p. 106. [partim]</p> <p>Table 6 Continued</p> <p>e, Estimate.</p> <p>* The anterior four alveoli of MNHN.F RJN 116 are not preserved.</p> <p>v 1837 Metriorhynchus geoffroyi [sic] von Meyer – Bronn, 1835 –37, p. 520, pl. 26, fig. 7b [partim]</p> <p>v* 1852 Crocodilus superciliosus sp. nov. – Blainville in J.-A. Eudes-Deslongchamps, p. 114.</p> <p>v 1863 Teleosaurus superciliosus (Blainville) comb. nov. – J.-A. Eudes-Deslongchamps, p. 8.</p> <p>v 1867 Teleosaurus superciliosus (Blainville) – J.-A. Eudes- Deslongchamps, pp. 20–21.</p> <p>v 1867 Teleosaurus blainvillei sp. nov. – J.-A. Eudes- Deslongchamps, pp. 19–20.</p> <p>v 1869 Metriorhynchus superciliosus (Blainville) comb.nov. – Eudes- Deslongchamps,1867–69, p. 306, pl. 20, fig.2, pl. 21, fig. 1.</p> <p>v 1869 Metriorhynchus blainvillei (E-Deslongchamps) comb. nov. – Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1867 –69, p. 295, pl. 20 fig. 1, pl. 21, figs 2, 3.</p> <p>v 1869 Metriorhynchus moreli sp. nov. – Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1867 –69, p. 320, pl. 21, figs 4, 5, pl. 22, figs 1, 2.</p> <p>v 1869 Steneosaurus dasyceps sp. nov. – Seeley, p. 140.</p> <p>v 1890 b Metriorhynchus superciliosum (Blainville) unjust. emend. – Lydekker, p. 232.</p> <p>v 1904 Metriorhynchus jaekeli sp. nov. – Schmidt, p. 97, pls 11, 12.</p> <p>v 1973 Metriorhynchus superciliosum [sic] (Blainville) – Steel, p. 45, figs 18 (7, 9), 19 (7).</p> <p>v 1973 Metriorhynchus blainvillei (Eudes-Deslongchamps) – Steel, p. 46, fig. 19 (2).</p> <p>v 1973 Metriorhynchus moreli (Eudes-Deslongchamps) – Steel, p. 46, fig. 19 (1).</p> <p>v 2009 Metriorhynchus moreli (Eudes-Deslongchamps) – Young &amp; Andrade, p. 566.</p> <p>v 2009 Metriorhynchus superciliosus (Blainville) – Young &amp; Andrade, p. 566.</p> <p>v 2010 Metriorhynchus superciliosus (Blainville) – Young et al., p. 804, figs 4, 6, 8.</p> <p>v 2018 Metriorhynchus superciliosus (Blainville) – Brignon, pp. 56–61, fig. 11.</p> <p>Lectotype: MNHN.F.RJN 256, incomplete skull. (Designation by Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1867 –69: 310).</p> <p>Note: Young et al. (2013) followed Vignaud (1995) in calling MNHN.F. RJN 256 (formerly MNHN 8903) the neotype. As shown by Brignon (2018a), it is in fact the lectotype.</p> <p>Type locality: Vaches Noires cliffs, Département du Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France.</p> <p>Type horizon: Either the Marnes de Dives Formation or Marnes de Villers Formation. Either upper Callovian or lower Oxfordian, Middle or Upper Jurassic.</p> <p>Occurrence: Callovian/Oxfordian of northern France and England (UK). LSID</p> <p>Zoobank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: 151309F9-ED14-43C6-A00F-6BFFED2DD3A2</p> <p>Etymology: The genus is derived from the Greek θάλαττα, sea, and σοῦχος crocodile (after the Egyptian crocodile god). The species name derives from Latin, the prefix super-, above, and ciliosus, with eyelashes,</p> <p>referring to the expanded prefrontals above the orbits.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Metriorhynchid crocodylomorph with the following unique combination of characters: conical teeth with little mediolateral compression, crowns have a continuous smooth keel at mesial and distal edges (lacks serrations), enamel on labial and lingual surfaces have conspicuous ornamentation composed of accessory ridges orientated to the apicobasal axis of the crown. Enamel ornamentation is stronger on the lingual face than on the labial face. Dental formula: three premaxillary pairs; 23–27 maxillary pairs, of which 14–15 are anterior to the palatines; 20–22 dentary pairs, of which 16–17 are adjacent to the symphyseal suture and nine to ten are anterior to the splenials. Premaxillary alveoli are consistent in size, with the P1 and P3 being more oval in shape, with the P2 being more subcircular. The skull is narrow with a mesorostrine snout (sensu Young et al. 2010). No transverse expansion of the premaxilla (only present in dorsoventrally crushed specimens). Little to no constriction at the premaxilla–maxilla contact. Nasals and premaxillae always separated; in specimens with a basicranial length of 600 mm or more, the distance between the nasals and premaxillae range from 50 to 132 mm. The nasals terminate anteriorly level to the M9-to-M12 alveoli. Both the frontal and prefrontal bones have a conspicuous pitted ornamentation, although the expression of frontal ornamentation is highly variable. Approximately 90-degree angle formed by the lateral and medial processes of the frontal, with the rostromedial border of the frontoparietal fossa being either rounded or forming a right angle (variability most likely due to taphonomic distortion). A thin sclerotic ring composed of seven ossicles, which do not fill the entire orbit. The deltopectoral crest is moderately developed, with the width of the humerus distal articular head being greater than the width of the deltopectoral crest projecting out from the humerus shaft. (Modified from Young et al., 2013.)</p> <p>Referred specimens</p> <p>AMNH FR 997: Incomplete skull with mandible, and 23 assorted vertebrae (including cervicals and dorsals); CAMSM J64398: skull (holotype of Steneosaurus dasyceps); CAMSM J64900: midportion of skull; CAMSM J64918: rostrum; GLAHM V 942: skull with mandible from a young individual; GLAHM V 963: incomplete skull and mandible, eight dorsal vertebrae, one caudal vertebra, both coracoids, left scapula, right ilium, left ischium and right ischium blade, distal half of the right pubis (from a young individual); GLAHM V 964: skull, mandible, atlas–axis, four cervical vertebrae, cervical and dorsal ribs; GLAHM V 965: skull with right dentary; GLAHM V 971: skull in various fragments, atlas–axis, five cervical vertebrae, ten dorsal vertebrae; GLAHM V 982: broken skull, mandible, cervical vertebra centrum, atlas left rib; GLAHM V 983: broken skull, mandible, sclerotic ring ossicles, dorsal rib; GLAHM V 984: broken skull and mandible fragments from two individuals; GLAHM V 985: broken skull and mandible fragments, sclerotic ring ossicles; GLAHM V 987: broken skull and mandible fragments, sclerotic ring ossicles, rib fragments; GLAHM V 988: skull, mandible, atlas–axis, one dorsal vertebra, left ilium, fragment of right pubis, right femur; GLAHM V 989: skull with mandible; GLAHM V 996: skull with bite marks consistent with that of a metriorhynchid; GLAHM V 1004: skull and mandible fragments, atlas–axis; GLAHM V 1015: incomplete skull, disarticulated mandible, atlas–axis, right atlas rib, both coracoids, right ischium, femora, right tibia and fibula, two coprolites; GLAHM V 1027: incomplete skull and mandible, atlas–axis, four cervical vertebrae (from a young individual); GLAHM V 1140: broken skull, mandible showing pathological damage, one hyoid, atlas–axis, five cervical vertebrae, 14 dorsal vertebrae, scapulae, both coracoids, humeri, both radii, femora; GLAHM V 1142: skull, disarticulated mandible, one hyoid, atlas–axis, right atlas rib, four cervical vertebrae, 19 dorsal vertebrae, two sacral vertebrae, four caudal vertebrae, pubes, ilia, ischia – fused, femora; GLAHM V 1143: skull broken in two, mandible, atlas ribs, five cervical vertebrae, four cervical ribs, 17 dorsal vertebrae, right scapula, right coracoid, right humerus (atlas–axis and forelimb lost); MGCL 9959: skull, mandible, associated dorsal and caudal vertebrae, humerus, femur; MGCL 9960: skull, mandible, associated cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, isolated ribs, humerus, pubis, ischium, femur; MNHN.F RJN 116: lower jaw (lectotype of Steneosaurus rostrominor, nomen oblitum); NHMUK PV R 1530: incomplete skull with mandible, atlas–axis, five cervical vertebrae, 16 dorsal vertebrae, two sacral vertebrae, 35 caudal vertebrae, cervical and dorsal ribs, coracoid, scapula, humeri, ilia, ischia, pubes, femora, tibiae, fibulae, isolated pes bones, numerous chevrons; NHMUK PV R 1529: skull and mandible (from a young individual); NHMUK PV R 1666: skull and mandible; NHMUK PV R 2030: incomplete skull with mandible; NHMUK PV R 2032: incomplete skull and mandible, atlas–axis, four cervical vertebrae, 17 dorsal vertebrae, two sacral vertebrae, 37 caudal vertebrae, cervical and dorsal ribs, scapula, coracoids, humerus, ilium, ischium, femur; NHMUK PV R 2033: fragmentary skull with mandible, atlas–axis, five cervical vertebrae, 17 dorsal vertebrae, two sacral vertebrae, 29 caudal vertebrae, cervical and dorsal ribs, ilia – fused, ischia – fused, pubes, one tibia, one fibula, two metatarsals; NHMUK PV R 2036: fragments of skull and mandible, one cervical vertebra; NHMUK PV R 2041: incomplete skull; NHMUK PV R 2044: skull and mandible; NHMUK PV R 2049: incomplete skull and mandible, two dorsal vertebrae, one sacral vertebra, ilia, ischia, femora, tibiae, fibulae, isolated bones of the pes; NHMUK PV R 2051: incomplete skull with mandible, atlas–axis, four cervical vertebrae, 15 dorsal vertebrae, two sacral vertebrae, 32 caudal vertebrae, coracoid, scapula, ilia, ischia, pubes, femora, broken tibiae and fibulae, isolated pes bones; NHMUK PV R 2053: incomplete skull; NHMUK PV R 2054: skull, mandible, atlas–axis, four cervical vertebrae, 18 dorsal vertebrae, two sacral vertebrae, 28 caudal vertebrae, cervical and dorsal ribs, ilium, ischium, pubes, tibia, fibula, isolated pes bones, numerous chevrons; NHMUK PV R 2055: incomplete skull; NHMUK PV R 2056: fragments of skull and mandible (from a young individual); NHMUK PV R 2058: skull with mandibular symphysis; NHMUK PV R 2065: skull fragments (from a young individual); NHMUK PV R 2069: fragments of skull and mandible, atlas–axis, three cervical vertebrae (from a young individual); NHMUK PV R 3016: incomplete skull, mandible, right coracoid, scapulae, humeri, radius, ulna; NHMUK PV R 6859: skull with disarticulated mandible; NHMUK PV R 6860: skull with disarticulated mandible; PETMG R8: skull lacking rostrum; PETMG R10: incomplete skull; PETMG R20: incomplete skull; PETMG R42: incomplete skull; PETMG R180: incomplete skull; SMNS 10115: skull with disarticulated mandible; SMNS 10116: skull with disarticulated mandible.</p> <p>Note: The possibility that Thalattosuchus superciliosus is a species-complex and that the epithets moreli or blainvillei could represent cryptic species is not investigated. That is beyond the scope of this contribution and will be examined in future studies.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E272C7FFFB8FFD7196DFA6176A7FCDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Young, Mark T.;Brignon, Arnaud;Sachs, Sven;Hornung, Jahn J.;Foffa, Davide;Kitson, James J. N.;Johnson, Michela M.;Steel, Lorna	Young, Mark T., Brignon, Arnaud, Sachs, Sven, Hornung, Jahn J., Foffa, Davide, Kitson, James J. N., Johnson, Michela M., Steel, Lorna (2021): Cutting the Gordian knot: a historical and taxonomic revision of the Jurassic crocodylomorph Metriorhynchus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192 (2): 510-553, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092
5E272C7FFF85FFD71AE2FCCF7137F888.text	5E272C7FFF85FFD71AE2FCCF7137F888.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metriorhynchus brevirostris (Holl 1829)	<div><p>COMPARISONS BETWEEN METRIORHYNCHUS BREVIROSTRIS AND OTHER METRIORHYNCHIDS</p> <p>While the holotype of Metriorhynchus brevirostris (MHNG V-2232) lacks autapomorphic characters, it is readily distinguishable from better-known metriorhynchid species. It has a unique combination of metriorhynchid symplesiomorphies and a slightly posteriorly retracted narial fossa (see: Young et al., 2020a). Furthermore, it lacks the autapomorphies seen in the rostra of the Late Jurassic genera Dakosaurus, Plesiosuchus, Torvoneustes, the ‘E-clade’ taxa, Cricosaurus and Rhacheosaurus (see: Young et al. 2012, 2020a; Abel et al., 2020). These include the rostral shortening and resultant reduction in tooth count seen in Geosaurini, the amblygnathous rostrum and lateral plates seen in Dakosaurus, the robust triangular rostrum and elongated palatines of Plesiosuchus, and the mediolaterally expanded maxillary alveoli seen in the ‘E-clade’ (see: Wilkinson et al., 2008; Young et al., 2012, 2020a; Abel et al., 2020). Furthermore, Me. brevirostris lacks the ossified internarial bar and more noticeable narial fossa retraction seen in the rhacheosaurin genera Cricosaurus and Rhacheosaurus (see: Young et al., 2020a).</p> <p>Metriorhynchus brevirostris can be distinguished from all known Middle Jurassic metriorhynchids in that the narial fossa anterior margin is slightly retracted, being level to the P2 alveoli rather than the P1 alveoli (see: Young et al., 2020a). Compared to the Callovian geosaurines, the presence of at least 13 maxillary alveoli anterior to the palatines is higher than the dental formulae of ‘ Metriorhynchus ’ brachyrhynchus and Tyrannoneustes lythrodectikos (Table 6; Fig. 7). Moreover, the nasal terminates level to the M8 alveoli in Me. brevirostris, whereas the nasal terminates level to the M 6 in ‘ Me. ’ brachyrhynchus (NHMUK PV R 3804) and Ty. lythrodectikos (PETMG R176) (see Fig. 7). The fact that the premaxilla posterodorsal processes terminate level to the M3 alveoli in Me. brevirostris also differentiates it from Ty. lythrodectikos, where these processes terminate level to the M5 alveoli (PETMG R176, see Fig. 7; Foffa &amp; Young, 2014). Metriorhynchus brevirostris can also be distinguished from the Callovian metriorhynchine Maledictosuchus riclaensis as it lacks the welldeveloped reception pits on the lateral margins of the anterior maxilla seen in Mal. riclaensis (Parrilla-Bel et al., 2013). Metriorhynchus brevirostris is also distinct from Gracilineustes leedsi as it lacks: the exceptionally high tooth count, closely packed alveoli and the poorly developed-to-almost absent maxillary ornamentation of Gr. leedsi (Andrews, 1913).</p> <p>There are notable differences between Metriorhynchus brevirostris and Th. superciliosus. Although the rostrum of Me. brevirostris has encrustations, the maxillary ornamentation is noticeably not as pronounced as it is in Th. superciliosus (compare Figs 1A – 6 and 7C; Andrews, 1913). In dorsal view, there is a constriction at the premaxilla–maxilla contact in Me. brevirostris, followed by a noticeable broadening of the premaxilla at approximately the level of the narial fossa posterior margin (Fig. 1A); Th. superciliosus lacks both of features, with the posterior premaxilla and anterior maxilla having a largely constant width (PETMG R17 and MNHN.F RJN 256; see Figs 6, 7C). In Me. brevirostris the premaxillary alveoli successively increase in size, with the P1 alveoli being circular in shape and the P3 alveoli being the most oval of the premaxillary tooth-row (Fig. 1B); whereas in Th. superciliosus the premaxillary alveoli are largely comparable in size, with the P1 and P3 alveoli being oval in shape, and the P2 being the most circular (PETMG R17 and MNHN.F RJN 256; see Figs 6, 7C). The anterior maxillary alveoli of Th. superciliosus are fairly tightly packed, with the interalveolar spaces reduced to thin laminae (especially for the M2–M3 alveoli; PETMG R17 and MNHN.F RJN 256); whereas in Me. brevirostris the interalveolar spaces are much broader, even between the M1–M2 and M2–M3 alveoli (Fig. 1). In Me. brevirostris, the premaxilla–maxilla suture is almost straight in dorsal view (Fig. 1A), whereas in Th. superciliosus it has a more ‘jagged’ interdigitating profile (PETMG R17 and MNHN.F RJN 256; see Figs 6, 7C). The nasal proceeds slightly further anteriorly in Me. brevirostris than in Th. superciliosus, with seven maxillary alveoli anterior to the nasals in Me. brevirostris (Fig. 1); whereas in Th. superciliosus there can be eight (MNHN.F RJN 256, NHMUK PV R 2051), nine (GLAHM V930, NHMUK PV R 2030, PETMG R17) or 10–11 (GLAHM V962).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E272C7FFF85FFD71AE2FCCF7137F888	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Young, Mark T.;Brignon, Arnaud;Sachs, Sven;Hornung, Jahn J.;Foffa, Davide;Kitson, James J. N.;Johnson, Michela M.;Steel, Lorna	Young, Mark T., Brignon, Arnaud, Sachs, Sven, Hornung, Jahn J., Foffa, Davide, Kitson, James J. N., Johnson, Michela M., Steel, Lorna (2021): Cutting the Gordian knot: a historical and taxonomic revision of the Jurassic crocodylomorph Metriorhynchus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192 (2): 510-553, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa092
