taxonID	type	description	language	source
5D554F4F213EFFEDFE48FC133A51FCE9.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Symmela instabilis Erichson, 1835 (by subsequent designation; Evans 2003).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213EFFEDFE48FC133A51FCE9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body relatively small (<7 mm), colour variable from black to yellow, often bicoloured; dorsal surface always glabrous (Figures 1, 3 and 8). Antenna composed of eight antennomeres, club short and composed of three lamellate antennomeres (Figure 30 (d )). Placoid sensilla on antennal lamellae round and elongate (Figure 14 (a )). Labrum ventrally with one or two longitudinal rows of setae (Figure 14 (b )). Mandibles fully developed (Figure 14 (c, d )). Galea (maxilla) with strong teeth, maxillary palps short, as long as maxilla (Figure 14 (e, f )). Anterior margin of mentum weakly sinuated (Figure 14 (g )). Labial palps with three palpomeres; anterior margin of labium weakly concave (Figure 14 (g )). Elytral base: Figure 14 (h) (for more detailed character coding, see Ahrens 2006). Hind wing: Figure 14 (o). Mesonotum: Figure 14 (n). Meso and metafurca: Figure 14 (i). Abdomen without lateral carina (Figure 14 (j), arrow); penultimate ventrite without suture to penultimate tergite (Figures 2 (b), 4 (a), 5 (b), 6 (b), 9 (b), 11 (b), 12 (b), 14 (j) and 32 (l ))), sometimes ventrites medially along the midline shorter (Figure 14 (p )). Protarsi in males often but not always widened, and protarsal claws asymmetric (Figure 32 (d, f )). Aedeagus including parameres symmetrical (Figure 14 (l, r )), endophallus often strongly and completely (or at least in apical portion) sclerotised (Figure 14 (k, m )), phallobase mesoventrally membraneous (Figure 14 (q, r )); parameres setose (Figure 14 (m )). Sexual dimorphism is well developed in most of the known species: the pygidium in females is usually less convex or flat, while in the male it is well convex. Furthermore, the protarsomeres are generally curved and / or enlarged in the male (Figure 32; see species descriptions for more detail), and the protarsal claws are sometimes asymmetrical. In contrast to the state in females, protarsal claws are always symmetrical while protarsi are straight, elongate and narrow. However, females of many species are still unknown.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213EFFEDFE48FC133A51FCE9.taxon	discussion	Remarks Frey (1973) formally erected an additional subgenus of Symmela, Sayloria Frey, 1973 to accommodate Astaena bicoloripes Saylor, 1946, which was recently elevated to the level of a separate genus (Pacheco et al. 2021). All other Symmela species were not formally treated as belonging to the subgenus Symmela by Frey (1973).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213FFFE8FEB7FC6E39ECFE0C.taxon	description	(Figures 1, 29 (a), 30 (a ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213FFFE8FEB7FC6E39ECFE0C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Brasilia New Friburgo b. Beske / Symela longula Er. / 78 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (ZMHB).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213FFFE8FEB7FC6E39ECFE0C.taxon	description	Description Length: 5.5 mm. Elytral length: 3.7 mm. Width: 2.5 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.54. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown and yellowish; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface opaque and iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.36. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles and setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.24; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, a little longer than second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 1 (c, d). Female unknown.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213FFFE8FEB7FC6E39ECFE0C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela beskei sp. nov. is, in its external appearance and the shape of the aedeagus, similar to S. brasiliensis Moser, 1919. It differs by the strongly reflexed anterior margin of the labroclypeus as well as by the subparameres being largely fused with the parameres; the parameres in the new species are also more elongate and dorso-ventrally slightly flattened; in S. brasiliensis the protibia is very short, its apical tooth elongated and half the protibial length, while in S. beskei the apical tooth is short, subequal to one-quarter of protibial length.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213FFFE8FEB7FC6E39ECFE0C.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named after C. H. Beské, the collector of the type specimen (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213AFFEAFE7BFE0038CAF904.taxon	description	(Figures 2, 29 (a), 30 (b ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213AFFEAFE7BFE0038CAF904.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Brasilia Diamantina / Symmela brasiliensis Type Mos. / Typus / brasiliensis Mos’. (ZMHB). Additional material examined 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Amazonasgeb. Rolle V. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Obidos 18.1. 04 Rolle V’. (ZMHB), 13 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape 26 XII- 62 B. Malkin / CASENT / 30 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CAS), 5 ♂♂ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape I- 10 - 68 B. Malkin / CASENT / 30 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CAS), 9 ♂♂ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape 1 - 2 - 63 B. Malkin’ (CAS), 1 ♂ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape 18 - XII - 62 B. Malkin’ (CAS), 1 ♀ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape I- 10 - 63 B. Malkin’ (CAS), 1 ♀ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape XII- 30 - 62 B. Malkin’ (CAS).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213AFFEAFE7BFE0038CAF904.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 6 mm. Elytral length: 3.7 mm. Width: 3.1 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin weakly emarginated medially, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, brownish orange; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.26. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.06; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 1.5. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere curved, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere narrow, but bent; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 2 (d, e).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213AFFEAFE7BFE0038CAF904.taxon	discussion	Remarks The original description was based on a single specimen from Diamantina (Moser 1919, p. 9), considered the holotype.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2139FFF5FF46FF633B55FADE.taxon	description	(Figures 3, 29 (a), 30 (c ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2139FFF5FF46FF633B55FADE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Espir. Santo / 81 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (ZMHB). Paratypes: 1 ♂ ‘ Espir. Santo’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ La Plata / Berlin / Symmela opaca det. G. Frey ex coll. Moser’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♂ ‘ Symmela nitidula Brésil Reische 1 / 2 ’ (MNHN).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2139FFF5FF46FF633B55FADE.taxon	description	Description Length: 6.5 mm. Elytral length: 4 mm. Width: 3.1 mm. Head yellow, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of sparse setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.5. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, shiny, yellowish; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra unicoloured, yellowish brown; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae in posterior edge on an elevated carina; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.24. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles and setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. Aedeagus: Figure 3 (c – e). Female unknown. Variation Length: 6.5 – 6.6 mm. Elytral length: 4 – 4.1 mm. Width: 3.1 – 3.5 mm. Metatibia widest at middle; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face absent; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, a little longer than second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2139FFF5FF46FF633B55FADE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela capixaba sp. nov. is in external appearance similar to S. longula Erichson, 1835. Symmela capixaba sp. nov. differs by its stout and trifid parameres.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2139FFF5FF46FF633B55FADE.taxon	etymology	Etymology The new species name is derived from the demonym of Espírito Santo State, Brazil (noun in apposition).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2139FFF5FF46FF633B55FADE.taxon	discussion	Remarks Holotype lacking metatibia and protarsi.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2127FFF0FEA8FA553B28FC5C.taxon	description	(Figures 4, 29 (a), 30 (d), 32 (a ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2127FFF0FEA8FA553B28FC5C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Constancia Jan 1857 H. Clark / 153 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (MNHN). Paratypes: 1 ♂ ‘ Constancia Jan 1857 H. Clark / Symmela mutabilis Er’. (MNHN), 1 ♂ ‘ Constancia Jan 1857 J. Gray’ (MNHN).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2127FFF0FEA8FA553B28FC5C.taxon	description	Description Length: 6.2 mm. Elytral length: 3.5 mm. Width: 2.9 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of sparse setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.45. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, shiny, yellowish; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface shiny, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.26. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin densely setose. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.05; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation absent on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face absent; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, without punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere dorso-ventrally flattened in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 4 (c – e). Female unknown. Variation Length: 5.8 – 6.2 mm. Elytral length: 3.5 – 3.6 mm. Width: 2.8 – 2.9 mm. Pronotum bicoloured, blackish brown.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2127FFF0FEA8FA553B28FC5C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela clarki sp. nov. is in external appearance similar to Symmela capixaba. Symmela clarki sp. nov. differs by the dorso-ventrally flattened protarsomere 5, which in S. capixaba is circular in cross section, and by the very short ventral lobe of parameres (long in S. capixaba).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2127FFF0FEA8FA553B28FC5C.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named after H. Clark, a British entomologist, the collector of the type specimen (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2122FFF3FE78FBDB38E2FCF4.taxon	description	(Figures 5, 29 (a), 30 (e), 32 (b ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2122FFF3FE78FBDB38E2FCF4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘ 24977 / clypeata Er. Brasil. Setl. / Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 2 ♂♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24977 / Typus / Symela [sic!] clypeata Er. [handwritten Frey] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Typus / clypeata Er. [handwritten Frey] ’ (ZMHB). Additional material examined Brazil: 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilia coll. Chev. / Symela [sic!] clypeata Er. [handwritten Frey] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Virmod. Nr. 24976 / Berlin / Symela [sic!] clypeata Er. det. G. Frey 1972 ’ (ZMHB), 16 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ‘ BRAZIL, Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, X. 76 F. Plaumann / 25 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CNCI), 58 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ ‘ BRASILIEN, Nova Teutonia, 300 – 500 m, 27 ° 11 ʹ S 52 ° 23 ʹ W X. 1976 Fritz Plaumann’ (CMNC, NHMB), 1 ♂ ‘ BRASILIEN, 300 – 500 m, Nova Teutonia, 27 ° 11 ʹ S 52 ° 23 ʹ W November 1968 Fritz Plaumann’ (CMNC), 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ ‘ Brasilien Nova Teutonia 300 – 500 m, 27 ° 11 ʹ S 52 ° 23 ʹ W X. 1952 Fritz Plaumann’ (CMNC), 1 ♀ ‘ Nova Teutonia S. Catarina Brasil II-´70 ’ (CMNC), 1 ♀ ‘ Nova Teutonia S. Catarina Brasil 18. X- 1952 F. Plaumann / DZUP 311538 / Colecao M. Alvarenga’ (DZUP), 2 ♀♀ ‘ N. Teutonia Bras. Santa Catarina Plaumann 8. XI. 50 ’ (NHMB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil / L. W. Saylor Collection // clypeata Erichs. Det. L. W. Saylor / CASENT 8438095 ’ (CAS). Argentina: 3 ♂♂ ‘ Argentina Misiones Loreto Sept. 1962 ’ (USNM), 1 ♀ ‘ Argentinien Jujuy La Esper. 18. III. 1954 leg. Hans Förster / symmela clypeata ♀ Er. det. G. Frey 1972 ’ (NHMB).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2122FFF3FE78FBDB38E2FCF4.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 6 mm. Elytral length: 3.5 mm. Width: 3.2 mm. Head black and yellow, dull and iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, rectangular; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly sparse; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, black; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface shiny, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae absent; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.26. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.06; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, robust and sparse (mainly in apical half of tarsomeres); medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 1 / 2; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 5 (d – f).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2121FFFEFE05FC4438E2FDAB.taxon	description	(Figures 6, 29 (b), 30 (f ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2121FFFEFE05FC4438E2FDAB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘ Corumba Matt. Grosso / Symmela corumbana Type ♂ Mos. / Typus / corumbana Mos. ’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 1 ♀ ‘ Corumba Matt. Grosso / Symmela corumbana Type ♀ Mos. / Typus / Symela [sic!] corumbana Moser [typewritten] ’ (ZMHB), 10 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ ‘ Corumba Matt. Grosso / Symela [sic!] corumbana Moser [typewritten] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Corumba Matt. Grosso / S. corumbana det. G. Frey 1972 ’ (ZMHB). Additional material examined Brazil: 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ ‘ Brasilien Matto Grosso 200 engl Meilen v. Cuyaba C. Heller V. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ‘ Cáceres, MT 12.11. 1985 C. Elias leg. Polonoroeste / Dpto ZOOL UF Parana / DZUP 311512 / 34 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (DZUP), 1 ♀ ‘ Cáceres, MT 12.11. 1985 C. Elias leg. Polonoroeste / Dpto ZOOL UF Parana / DZUP 311511 ’ (DZUP), 1 ♂ ‘ Corumba Matt. Grosso / W. Muche Radeberg Ankauf’ (ZFMK). Paraguay: 1 ♂ ‘ Paraguay: San Pedro Cororo-Rio Ypane XII- 1 / 4 - 1983 Malaise Trap M. Wasbauer coll. / Dr. Alan R. Hardy 2005 donation to California Academy of Sciences’ (CAS), 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ‘ Cerro Amambay Paraguay / Oct. 1939 A. Schultze / 35 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (USNM).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2121FFFEFE05FC4438E2FDAB.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 4.5 mm. Elytral length: 3 mm. Width: 2.5 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with sparse setae directed posteriorly. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin weakly emarginated medially, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly sparse; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, iridescent, brownish orange; widest before base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, blackish brown in major part, posterior half dark; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.26. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.06; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, fine, short; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 6 (d – f).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212CFFF9FE7DFDA8385DFE0E.taxon	description	(Figures 7, 29 (b), 30 (g), 32 (c ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212CFFF9FE7DFDA8385DFE0E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♀ ‘ 24972 / elegans Er. Brasil v. Langs. / Typus’ (ZMHB). Additional material examined 1 ♂ ‘ Brésil / Symmela instabilis Er. ’ (MNHN), 1 ♂ ‘ flavimana Gory instabilis Dej. Brésil 2 / 2 ’ (MNHN), 1 ♂ ‘ Lambary M. Geraes. XI. 1924 7383 J. Halik / Symmela / Brasil Halik 1966 Collection’ (USNM), 1 ♀ ‘ Lambary, Minas II. 924 / Coll. J. Guerlin S. Paulo, Brasil 11794 / Symmela elegans det. G. Frey 1972 ’ (CF / NHMB), 2 ♂♂ ‘ Venda Nova de Imigrante ES-BRASIL XI- 1999 Col. Vaz Mello / 26 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CEMT), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ‘ R. d. Janeiro Petropolis 6.11. 04 F. Ohs / Symela elegans Er. [handwritten Frey] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ R. d. Janeiro Petropolis 6.11. 04 F. Ohs / Mos. determ. Symmela elegans Er. / CASENT 8438098 ’ (CAS), 1 ♂ ‘ Brazil, 300 – 500 m, Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ʹ S, 52 ° 23 ʹ W. Jan. 1969 Fritz Plaumann’ (CMNC), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilien Nova Teutonia 27 ° 11 ʹ B 52 ° 23 ʹ L Fritz Plaumann X. 1957 300 – 500 m’ (CNCI).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212CFFF9FE7DFDA8385DFE0E.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 6.9 mm. Elytral length: 4.2 mm. Width: 3.7 mm. Head black, shiny and iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.47. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum with copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown; widest at middle, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin dense; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, rectangular; antero-lateral angle flattened dorso-ventrally, postero-lateral angle not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface with median longitudinal impression present over entire length of pronotum and two longitudinal furrows on each side, punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, reddish brown in major part, dark margins; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex. Legs blackish. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.4. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; with longer lateral bristles, without setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.55; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 3. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose. Aedeagus: Figure 7 (d, e). Variation Protibia with three indistinct, equidistant teeth; third basal tooth smaller than medium tooth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere curved, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212CFFF9FE7DFDA8385DFE0E.taxon	discussion	Remarks The original description was based on a single specimen (Erichson 1835, p. 263); the present type specimen must be considered the holotype. This specimen is a female; the protibia is lacking.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212BFFFBFF47FE1C3A63F969.taxon	description	(Figures 8, 29 (b), 30 (h ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212BFFFBFF47FE1C3A63F969.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Rio Jan / Type mgl. / Symela opaca Er. / 80 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (ZMHB). Paratypes: 2 ♂♂ ‘ Fry Rio Jan. / Fry coll. 1905 – 100. / Symmela mutabilis Er. Det. at B. M. H. F. Howden ‘ 62 / Symmela mutabilis ’ (CNCI, ZFMK).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212BFFFBFF47FE1C3A63F969.taxon	description	Description Length: 5.1 mm. Elytral length: 3.2 mm. Width: 2.6 mm. Head blackish brown, iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of sparse setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, moderately dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.49. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown; widest at middle and base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorsoventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra unicoloured, blackish brown; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae in posterior edge on an elevated carina; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.22. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.33; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere curved, its length longer than second, third and fourth combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 1 / 2; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere short and transverse (distinctly wider than long); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 8 (c, d). Female unknown. Variation Length: 5.1 – 6.0 mm. Elytral length: 3.2 – 3.8 mm. Width: 2.6 – 3.1 mm. Pronotum bicoloured, basal lateral margins yellowish; elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown with dark margins.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212BFFFBFF47FE1C3A63F969.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela erichsoni sp. nov. differs from S. beskei by the enlarged first protarsomere, which is longer than second, third, and fourth protarsomere combined, and by the shorter and stouter parameres which are flattened laterally instead of dorso-ventrally.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212BFFFBFF47FE1C3A63F969.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named after W. F. Erichson, a German entomologist who described the genus Symmela and many other taxa (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2116FFC6FE7DFF633D3AFAEB.taxon	description	(Figures 9, 30 (i ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2116FFC6FE7DFF633D3AFAEB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘ flavimana Gory Brésil / Mus. Paris / instabilis v. flavimana Gory det. G. Frey, 1972 ’ (MNHN).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2116FFC6FE7DFF633D3AFAEB.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 7.1 mm. Elytral length: 4.1 mm. Width: 4 mm. Head black and yellow, iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.54. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella much narrower than width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella distinctly shorter than basal one; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum with copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, black; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles not produced, blunt; antero-lateral and posterolateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface with median longitudinal impression present over entire length of pronotum, two longitudinal and two posterior furrows on each side, punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra unicoloured, black; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae absent; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex. Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.49. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; with longer lateral bristles, setae on basal surface present, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.9; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, fine, short; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere curved, a little longer than second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 9 (d, e). Female unknown.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2116FFC6FE7DFF633D3AFAEB.taxon	discussion	Remarks Source for the dating of the publication of Gory’s name is Gaedike et al. (2012), and Horn and Schenkling (1928 – 1929), referring to Cowan (1971) (http: // sdei. senckenberg. de / index / index. php). The type specimen of Gory was located within mixed material at the Frey collection (!), found after we had searched a long time in Paris. This specimen is actually labelled with ‘ Mus. Paris’, the typical label of collection provenience which many syntypes loaned by Frey bear (many from Berlin too!) which, however, were never returned to their original collections after his death. We communicated this fact to the respective curators in order that the types will be transferred again to their original place of preservation.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2114FFC1FF4EFA9639ECFD5A.taxon	description	(Figures 10, 29 (b), 30 (j ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2114FFC1FF4EFA9639ECFD5A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ BRASIL: Distrito Federal. Planatina. ESEC Áquas Emendadas, 15 ° 32 ʹ 31 ′ S 47 ° 36 ʹ 49 ″ W. 1. - 15 - XII- 2010, Pitfall, M. R. Frizzas / 38 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CEMT). Paratypes: 1 ♂ ‘ BRASIL: Distrito Federal. Planatina. ESEC Áquas Emendadas, 15 ° 32 ʹ 31 ′ S 47 ° 36 ʹ 49 ″ W. 1. - 15 - XII- 2010, Pitfall, M. R. Frizzas / 38 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (ZFMK), 3 ♂♂ ‘ Brasil GO J. &. Bechyné / Faz. Paraiso 8 - 2 - 1962 ’ (UNSM, ZFMK).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2114FFC1FF4EFA9639ECFD5A.taxon	description	Description Length: 5.5 mm. Elytral length: 2.9 mm. Width: 2.4 mm. Head blackish brown, dull, with erect dense setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.47. Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull, black; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra unicoloured, blackish brown; surface opaque and iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs blackish. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.44. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at middle; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.04; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex deeply concave; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at nearly half of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Aedeagus: Figure 10 (c, d). Female unknown. Variation Length: 4.4 – 5.5 mm. Elytral length: 2.5 – 2.9 mm. Width: 2.2 – 2.4 mm. Protibia with two teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2114FFC1FF4EFA9639ECFD5A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela fuhrmanni sp. nov. differs from all other Symmela species by the metatibia which are widest at middle, and the elongated parameres being subparallel in dorsal view.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2114FFC1FF4EFA9639ECFD5A.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named after Juares Fuhrmann, a Brazillian entomologist who has been making great contributions to Neotropical Melolonthinae taxonomy (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2113FFCCFEBFFCAD39ECFE08.taxon	description	(Figures 11, 29 (b), 30 (k ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2113FFCCFEBFFCAD39ECFE08.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Bananeira. Goiáz. 12 – 936 / Coll. J. Guerlin S. Paulo Brasil. 10725 / Cum type comparatum / Symela brasiliensis Mos. det. G. Frey 1972 / 148 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CF / NHMB). Paratype: 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Jatahy / Berlin / brasiliensis Mos. ’ (ZMHB).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2113FFCCFEBFFCAD39ECFE08.taxon	description	Description Length: 6.4 mm. Elytral length: 3.4 mm. Width: 3 mm. Head blackish brown, iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 4. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.44. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, blackish brown; widest before base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin present only laterally; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorsoventrally; posterior angles strongly rounded and nearly obsolete; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, blackish margins; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.61. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina. Metacoxa with longer lateral bristles. Metacoxa, setae on basal surface present, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.9; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex deeply concave; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, robust and sparse (mainly in apical half of tarsomeres); medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere curved, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere narrow, but bent; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 11 (c, d). Female unknown. Variation Length: 6.4 – 7.2 mm. Elytral length: 3.4 – 3.9 mm. Width: 3.0 – 3.6 mm. Diagnosis Symmela guerlini sp. nov. is in external appearance similar to S. brasiliensis. Symmela guerlini differs by the presence of robust lateral metacoxal setae and the apically strongly extended and nearly filiform subparameres, which are in both species basally fused.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2113FFCCFEBFFCAD39ECFE08.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species is named after J. Guerlin, collector of the type specimen (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F211EFFCEFF48FE093872F9DE.taxon	description	(Figures 12, 29 (b), 30 (l ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F211EFFCEFF48FE093872F9DE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Brasil Pernambuco Recife. Dois Irmãos, alunos UFPE / 32 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CEMT). Paratypes: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ‘ PE, Recife, P. E. de Dois Irmãos, 17. iii. 2022, E. J. Galdino & A. O. Lira’ (CERPE), 1 ♂ ‘ PE, Recife, P. E. de Dois Irmãos, 12. iv. 2022, E. J. Galdino & P. E. Costa’ (CERPE).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F211EFFCEFF48FE093872F9DE.taxon	description	Description Length: 4.9 mm. Elytral length: 2.9 mm. Width: 2.5 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin weakly emarginated medially, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, moderately dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.5. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella much narrower than width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc sparse, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.39. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles and setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at middle; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.4; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex weakly and shallowly truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at nearly half of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with very sparse punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, a little longer than second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 12 (c, d). Female unknown.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F211EFFCEFF48FE093872F9DE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela iannuzziae sp. nov. differs from the very similar S. fuhrmanni (both species share the mesally widened metatibiae) by the non-reflexed labroclypeus, the bidentate protibia (male), and the basally wide, short and flattened parameres (Figure 12 (d )), which are in S. fuhrmanni more elongate and subparallel in dorsal view.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F211EFFCEFF48FE093872F9DE.taxon	etymology	Etymology The new species is named after Luciana Iannuzzi, a Brazillian entomologist (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F211DFFCAFE05FF6338D7FB54.taxon	description	(Figures 13, 14, 30 (m), 32 (d ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F211DFFCAFE05FF6338D7FB54.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘ 24970 / instabilis Er. Brasil. Virm. / Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 1 ♂ ‘ 24971 / Brasil / var. / Typus / Symela instabilis Er. [typewritten] ’ (ZMHB), 2 ♀♀ ‘ 24971 / Brasil / Typus / Symela instabilis Er. [typewritten] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ ‘ 24970 / Brasil Vrmnd. / Typus / Symela instabilis Er. [typewritten] ’ (ZMHB). Additional material examined 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia Schaum’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Symmela Brésile 1 / 2 ’ (MNHN), 1 ♀ ‘ Symmela Brésile 1 / 2 ’ (MNHN). Erroneous record: 1 ♂ ‘ Mexique / Symela sp. / Mus. Paris’ (MNHN).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F211DFFCAFE05FF6338D7FB54.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 6.1 mm. Elytral length: 3.5 mm. Width: 3.4 mm. Head black, dull and shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.57. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum with copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, black; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles not produced, blunt; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface with median longitudinal impression present over entire length of pronotum and two longitudinal furrows on each side, punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra unicoloured, black; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.43. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina. Metacoxa with longer lateral bristles. Metacoxa, setae on basal surface present, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 4.31; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, robust and sparse, mainly in apical half of tarsomeres; medial face glabrous. Protibia with three indistinct, equidistant teeth; third basal tooth smaller than medium tooth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere to second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, subequal to fourth protarsomere. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 13 (d – e).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2118FFD5FE71FAA43BBEFD16.taxon	description	(Figures 15, 29 (c), 30 (n), 32 (e ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2118FFD5FE71FAA43BBEFD16.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Brasilien Jatahy / Symmela jatahyensis Type Mos. / Typus’ (ZMHB).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2118FFD5FE71FAA43BBEFD16.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 5 mm. Elytral length: 3 mm. Width: 2.5 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, rectangular; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, without a rim of setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus without terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, reddish brown; widest at middle, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorsoventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite long (1.5 times as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite as well as ultimate one with longer and denser setae; beside row of setae, densely setose. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.3. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles and setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at middle; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.35; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface with dense and long setae; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex weakly and shallowly truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 1.5. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 2 / 1; second protarsomere narrow, but bent; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 15 (d, e). Female unknown.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2118FFD5FE71FAA43BBEFD16.taxon	discussion	Remarks The species was labelled by Moser, but not actually described. Frey (1973) published the name, being thus the author of the species.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2107FFD0FE7DFCE13860FD33.taxon	description	(Figures 16, 29 (c), 30 (o ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2107FFD0FE7DFCE13860FD33.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Lectotype (S. longula, here designated): ♂ ‘ longula Er. Brasil Setl. / 24985 / Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes (S. longula): 6 ♂♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24985 / Typus / Symela [sic!] longula Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ 24985 / [from old collection catalogue: Brasil Sello] ’ (ZMHB), 5 ♀♀ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24986 / Typus / Symela [sic!] longula Er. ’ (ZMHB). Lectotype (S. angustula, here designated): ♂ ‘ Caraça (Minas Geraez) Bresil / Symmela angustula Type ♂ Mos / Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotype (S. angustula): 1 ♀ ‘ Caraça (Minas Geraez) Bresil / Symmela angustula Type ♀ Mos / Typus’ (ZMHB). Additional material examined 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia New Friburgo b. Beske’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ 24991 / Brasil Virm. / n. sp. / Berlin / Symmela tenella Er. Det. G. Frey 1972 ’ (ZMHB), 2 ♂♂ ‘ Brasilia / Type / Symmela tenella Er. coll. Moser’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil / type mgl. / Symela longula Er. / 77 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (ZMHB), 8 ♂♂ ‘ Brésil Caraca P. Germain 2 e Semestre 1884 / Muséum Paris ex Coll. Oberthür 1952 ’ (MNHN), 1 ♂ ‘ Brésil Rio Piracicaba P. Germain Fevrier 1885 / Muséum Paris ex Coll. Oberthür 1952 ’ (MNHN).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2107FFD0FE7DFCE13860FD33.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 4.8 mm. Elytral length: 3.1 mm. Width: 2.2 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, without a rim of setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 4. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.53. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, dull but iridescent, blackish brown; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.43. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.27; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at twothirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 16 (d, e).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2107FFD0FE7DFCE13860FD33.taxon	discussion	Remarks Lectotypes of Symmela longula and S. angustula are virtually identical in shape. Symmela nitida Erichson is very similar, but the parameres are slightly wider and less concavely curved laterally.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2102FFD3FF40FD093A2FFCC1.taxon	description	(Figures 17, 29 (c), 31 (a ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2102FFD3FF40FD093A2FFCC1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Argentina Misiones P ° Iguazú Duret legit. Coll. Martinez Sept. 947 / H. & A. Howden Collection ex. A. Martinez coll. / 27 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CMNC). Paratypes: Argentina: 1 ♀ ‘ Argentina Misiones P ° Iguazú Duret legit. Coll. Martinez Sept. 947 / H. & A. Howden Collection ex. A. Martinez coll. / 27 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CMNC), 1 ♀ ‘ ARG: Missiones, 200 m Iguazu Nat. Park 23. XII. 90 – 6. I. 91 forest gen. colln. S & J Peck, 90 – 128 ’ (CMNC). Brazil: 1 ♂ ‘ Rio de Janeiro John Gray’ (MNHN), 4 ♂♂ ‘ Brasilia Nova Friburgo / Symela instabilis Er. / 56 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (ZMHB, ZFMK), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilia coll. Moser / Symela instabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil / Symela instabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 4 ♀♀ ‘ Brasilia Nova Friburgo b. Beske’ (ZMHB).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2102FFD3FF40FD093A2FFCC1.taxon	description	Description Length: 6.8 mm. Elytral length: 4 mm. Width: 3.6 mm. Head black, shiny and iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, moderately dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum with copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, black; widest at middle, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin dense; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, rectangular; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface with median longitudinal impression present over entire length of pronotum and two longitudinal furrows on each side, punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, dark spot on disc; surface opaque and iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.33. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; with longer lateral bristles, without setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.65; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2.5. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, robust and sparse (mainly in apical half of tarsomeres); medial face glabrous. Protibia with three indistinct, equidistant teeth; third basal tooth smaller than medium tooth; spur straight. First protarsomere curved, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 17 (c, d). Variation Length: 6.8 – 7.5 mm. Elytral length: 4 – 4.4 mm. Width: 3.6 – 3.9 mm. Elytra from entirely dark brown to yellow with reduced central dark spot. Female: protarsi fine and narrow; protarsal claws symmetric, the basal tooth of interior claw sharply pointed at apex; antennal club short than in male, length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.5.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2102FFD3FF40FD093A2FFCC1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela martinezi sp. nov. is in external appearance and the shape of the aedeagus similar to S. elegans Erichson, 1835. Symmela martinezi sp. nov. differs externally by the straight interior terminal protibial spine, which is in S. elegans curved interiorly, and, of course, in the shape of the aedeagus, parameres and subparameres and the strongly sclerotised endophallus. The latter is externally well visible. The parameres are in S. martinezi narrower and distinctly curved, the aedeagus generally less robust (more narrow); the subparameres are in S. martinezi mesally contiguous in the basal half, while in S. elegans they are divergent from the base onward.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2102FFD3FF40FD093A2FFCC1.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named after A. Martínez, an Argentine entomologist who has made numerous contributions to our knowledge of South American scarabs and one of the collectors of the type specimens (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2101FFDEFE07FC4738EDFD5C.taxon	description	(Figures 18, 29 (c), 31 (b), 32 (f ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2101FFDEFE07FC4738EDFD5C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘ 24973 / mutabilis Brasil. Setl. / Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 2 ♂♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24973 / Typus / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24973 / Typus / mutabilis coll. Mos. ’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♂ ‘ 24974 / Var. / Brasil Sello / Typus / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 3 ♀♀ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24974 / Typus / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24974 / Typus / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24973 / Typus / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB). Additional material examined 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia Sao Paulo / Berlin / mutabilis Er. [handwritten Frey] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia / Berlin / mutabilis coll. Moser [handwritten Frey] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ S. Paulo Brasil. / ♀ mutabilis coll. Moser [handwritten Frey] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ S. Paulo Brasil. / Berlin / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia Sao Paulo / Berlin / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ 24976 / Brasil Virm. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Virm. Nr. 24976 ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ 24975 / Brasil Virm’. (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Virm. Nr. 24975 ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilia St. Catharina’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Curitiba Parana II. 1939 1668 / Brasil Halik 1966 Collection’ (USNM), 1 ♀ ‘ Curitiba Parana II. 1939 Halik 1661 / Symmela mutabilis Erich / Halik det. 1958. / Brasil Halik 1966 Collection’ (USNM), 1 ♂ ‘ Curitiba Parana II. 1939 1540 / Brasil Halik 1966 Collection’ (USNM), 7 ♂♂ ‘ Curitiba Parana II. 1939 / Brasil Halik 1966 Collection’ (USNM, ZFMK), 2 ♂♂ ‘ Curitiba Paraná 3. 939 / Coll. J. Guerlin S. Paulo Brasil 0485 ’ (NHMB), 1 ♂ ‘ clypeata Erichson planifrons Dej. Brésil 1 / 2 ’ (MNHN).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2101FFDEFE07FC4738EDFD5C.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 6.2 mm. Elytral length: 3.9 mm. Width: 3.5 mm. Head black, dull and iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.55. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, black; widest at middle, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, black in major part, posterior half dark; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex. Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.25. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina. Metacoxa with longer lateral bristles. Metacoxa, setae on basal surface present, posterior margin densely setose. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.85; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at twothirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 3. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, robust and sparse, mainly in apical half of tarsomeres; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 1 / 2; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 18 (d – f).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F210CFFD9FE68FCAC3B74FCE9.taxon	description	(Figures 19, 29 (c), 31 (c ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F210CFFD9FE68FCAC3B74FCE9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype (S. nitida): ♂ ‘ 24990 / nitida Er. / Brasil. Virm. / keine Type ... [further text not legible] / tenella Er. Coll. Moser [handwritten Frey] ’ (ZMHB). Lectotype (S. tenella, here designated) ♂ ‘ tenella Er. Brasil Setl. / 24985 / Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes (S. tenella): 1 ♀ ‘ 24988 / var? Brasil Virm. / Berlin / tenella coll. Moser’ (ZMHB), 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ‘ Brasil Virmond Nr. 24988 / Typus / Berlin / tenella coll. Moser’ (ZMHB), 2 ♂♂ ‘ Brasil Virmond Nr. 24988 / Berlin / tenella coll. Moser’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ 24989 / Var. Brasil Virm. / Type / Berlin / tenella coll. Moser’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24987 / Typus / tenella coll. Moser’ (ZMHB). Additional material examined 1 ♂ ‘ nitida Er. Bras. Dpt’. (MLUH), 1 ♂ ‘ S. Paulo Mato d. Gov. F. Ohaus S. / Ohaus determ. Symmela nitidicollis ♂ Burm. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ S. Bocaina 1600 m S. J. BARREIROS S. P. Brasil XI- 1967 Alvarenga e Seabra / Coleção M. Alvarenga / DZUP 311714 / 31 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (DZUP), 1 ♂ ‘ BRASIL, Paraná, Tibagi P. E. Canion Guartelá 06 - XII- 2009, 900 m, P. C. Grossi leg. / 33 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CEMT), 1 ♂ ‘ Museum Paris Minas Ger. à Goyaz Castelnau 1947 / S. tenella / tenella Det. L. W. Saylor / CASENT 8438104 ’ (CAS), 1 ♂ ‘ Museum Paris Minas Ger. à Goyaz Castelnau 14 – 47 / CASENT 8438105 ’ (CAS), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien / L. W. Saylor Collection / CASENT 8438108 ’ (CAS).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F210CFFD9FE68FCAC3B74FCE9.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 5.1 mm. Elytral length: 3.5 mm. Width: 2.8 mm. Head black, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin convex, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.49. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, shiny, blackish brown; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, black in major part, posterior half dark; surface shiny, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.28. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles and setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.95; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 19 (d, e).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F210CFFD9FE68FCAC3B74FCE9.taxon	discussion	Remarks The original description was based on a single specimen (Erichson 1835, p. 265); the available type specimen must be considered the holotype. Except for the variable colour, the types of Symmela nitida and S. tenella are virtually identical, i. e. in the shape of the parameres, labroclypeus and protarsi.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F210BFFA4FE1DFC6E3A3CFC66.taxon	description	(Figures 20, 29 (d), 31 (d), 32 (k ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F210BFFA4FE1DFC6E3A3CFC66.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Lectotype (here designated): ♀ ‘ ♀ / Nov. Frib. / Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Zentralmagazin Naturw. Sammlungen 08 / 03 / 12 5.12.2019 / nitidicollis Burm. Bras. Virm. [collection label, handwritten] ’ (MLUH). Paraletotype: 1 ♀ ‘ ♀ / Nov. Frib. / Martin-LutherUniversität Halle-Wittenberg Zentralmagazin Naturw. Sammlungen 08 / 03 / 12 5.12.2019 ’ (MLUH). Additional material examined 1 ♀ ‘ 24979 / Brasil. Richt. / Symela [sic!] nitida [sic!] Burm. [typewritten] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilia Nova Friburgo b. Beske / Symela [sic] nitida, Burm. [type writing machine printed label of Frey] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ ‘ Brasilia Nova Friburgo b. Beske / Symela [sic] nitida, Burm. [type writing machine printed label of Frey] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilia Nova Friburgo b. Beske / nitida Bm’. (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia San Leopoldo / nitida Burm. [handwritten Moser] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia Doye O. / Symela [sic] nitida, Burm. [type writing machine printed label of Frey] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ BRASIL: Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima x. 2000. P. Grossi / 28 Neotropical Sericini spec’. (CEMT), 1 ♀ ‘ Serra do Caraca S. Barbara, M. Ger. Brasil, XII. 1971 ’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♀ ‘ Serra de Bocaina S. Paulo, Bras. 1500 m, XI. 1965 / S. nitida Bur. det. G. Frey 1972 ’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♀ ‘ 454 Z / Fry RioJan ° / Symmela nitidicollis Burm. / cum type comparatum / Astaena nitida Bur. det. G. Frey 1972 ’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♀ ‘ La Divisoria 21. VI. 1964 P. Aquilar Coll. / U. A. 502.68 / Symela nitida Bur. det. G. Frey 1974 ’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♀ ‘ Joinville / St. Catharina Brasilien Rttr. / Symmela nitida det. G. Frey 1972 ’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♀ ‘ Hansa Humboldt Sta. Catherina Brasilien Reitter / Symela nitida Br. det. G. Frey 1972 ’ (CF / NHMB).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F210BFFA4FE1DFC6E3A3CFC66.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 6.9 mm. Elytral length: 4.9 mm. Width: 3.4 mm. Head black, shiny, with erect dense setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin weakly emarginated medially, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly sparse; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 4. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.54. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum very dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, shiny, black; widest at middle, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra unicoloured, black; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae absent; intervals convex; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.29. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina. Metacoxa with longer lateral bristles. Metacoxa, setae on basal surface present, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 4.06; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at 3 / 4 of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length shorter than second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, fine, short; medial face glabrous. Protibia with three distinct teeth, apical one more distant; third basal tooth smaller than medium tooth. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined Protarsi, claws (male) asymmetrical. Aedeagus: Figure 20 (d, e). Variation Protibia, spur straight. Protarsi: width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1 / 1. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F210BFFA4FE1DFC6E3A3CFC66.taxon	discussion	Remarks Protibia in female with three teeth, basal tooth smaller.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2176FFA7FF55FBFC39ECFD10.taxon	description	(Figures 21, 29 (d), 31 (e), 32 (g ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2176FFA7FF55FBFC39ECFD10.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ BRASIL: Goiás. Mineiros. 1999 G. Machado / 29 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CEMT). Paratype: 1 ♂ ‘ BRASIL: Goiás. Mineiros. 1999 G. Machado / 29 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (ZFMK).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2176FFA7FF55FBFC39ECFD10.taxon	description	Description Length: 6.8 mm. Elytral length: 4.4 mm. Width: 3.2 mm. Head black, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.44. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella distinctly shorter than basal one; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, shiny, black; widest at base, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles weakly concave, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin present only laterally; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra unicoloured, black; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs blackish. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.4. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.9; dorsal margin carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere narrow, but bent; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 21 (c – d). Female unknown. Variation Length: 6.2 – 6.8 mm. Elytral length: 4 – 4.4 mm. Width: 3.1 – 3.2 mm. Pronotum and elytra in paratype bicoloured: pronotum in basal half yellowish; elytra yellow with dark margins.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2176FFA7FF55FBFC39ECFD10.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela nunesorum sp. nov. is in the shape of aedeagus very similar to S. capixaba. Symmela nunesorum differs by the pronotum which is distinctly narrower than the elytra at the humerus and its lateral margins bent at middle. Furthermore, S. nunesorum has a blackish body and the parameres are narrower at the apex (compared to body size, or length of phallobase). In S. capixaba, the body is yellowish brown and parameres are wider at the apex.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2176FFA7FF55FBFC39ECFD10.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named after Rafael V. Nunes and Luis Gabriel de O. A. Nunes (not related); both are great Brazillian biologists and dear friends of the first author (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2175FFA2FE6AFD1738EFFEA6.taxon	description	(Figures 22, 29 (d), 31 (f), 32 (h ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2175FFA2FE6AFD1738EFFEA6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘ 24980 / opaca Brasil. Setl. / Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 1 ♂ ‘ 24981 / Brasil Sello / Var. / Typus / Symmela opaca, Er. [type written] ’ (ZMHB), 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24980 / Typus / Berlin / Symmela opaca, Er. [type written] ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24980 / P. Typus / mutabilis Mos. det. G. Frey, 196 ’ (CF / NHMB). Additional material examined 2 ♂♂ ‘ Rio Verde GO-BRASIL XI- 1998 Col. J. Carlos / 36 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CEMT), 1 ♀ ‘ Rio Verde GO-BRASIL XII- 1996 Col. J. Carlos. ’ (CEMT), 1 ♀ ‘ Rio Verde GO-BRASIL XI- 1999 Col. J. Carlos. ’ (CEMT), 1 ♂ ‘ Vila Velha – PR Brasil 3. II. 1968 Pe. J. S. Moure / DZUP 311533 ’ (DZUP), 1 ♂ ‘ Symela opaca Brésil 2 / 2 ’ (MNHN), 1 ♂ ‘ Symela opaca Brésil 1 / 2 ’ (MNHN).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2175FFA2FE6AFD1738EFFEA6.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 5.1 mm. Elytral length: 3.4 mm. Width: 2.8 mm. Head black, dull and shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin convex, strongly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.49. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, black; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, blackish brown in major part, light humeral spot; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex. Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.4. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin densely setose. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.89; dorsal margin carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 1.5. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length shorter than second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 2 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 22 (d, e).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2170FFACFF40FEB13DB7F969.taxon	description	(Figures 23, 29 (d), 31 (g ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2170FFACFF40FEB13DB7F969.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Asuncion Paraguay Acc. No. 2966 / L. W. Saylor Collection / Det. L. W. Saylor / CASENT 8438099 / 150 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CAS). Paratypes: 1 ♂ ‘ Taperina Brazil Acc. No. 2966 / L. W. Saylor Collection / CASENT 8438100 ’ (ZFMK), 1 ♂ ‘ Santarem June 1919. S. M. Klages. Acc. 6324 / L. W. Saylor Collection / CASENT 8438101 ’ (CAS).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2170FFACFF40FEB13DB7F969.taxon	description	Description Length: 6.4 mm. Elytral length: 3.9 mm. Width: 3.4 mm. Head black, dull and shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin weakly emarginated medially, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus without terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.5. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, dull, blackish brown; widest before base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra unicoloured, blackish brown; surface opaque and iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite row of setae denser and with longer setae, at middle interrupted by a flat impunctate discoid area; beside row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs reddish brown and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.38. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.10; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 23 (c – e). Female unknown. Variation Length: 6.4 – 6.9 mm. Elytral length: 3.8 – 3.9 mm. Width: 3.3 – 3.4 mm. Body colour rather variable, from entirely yellowish to dark reddish brown.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2170FFACFF40FEB13DB7F969.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela paschoali sp. nov. is in external and genital morphology similar to S. brasiliensis. However, the new species is much darker, the first protarsomere more strongly enlarged, and the parameres of S. paschoali are distinctly longer.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2170FFACFF40FEB13DB7F969.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named after Paschoal C. Grossi, a Brazillian entomologist who has been making great contributions on Neotropical scarab taxonomy (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2170FFACFF40FEB13DB7F969.taxon	discussion	Remarks This species does not present a common distribution, with two very disjunctive records (Figure 29 (d )). This fact leads us to suspect that (1) the species has a wide distribution with large sampling gaps, or (2) there is an error in the locality labels of at least one specimen.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217FFFAFFF50FF633ABEFAB4.taxon	description	(Figures 24, 31 (h), 32 (i ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217FFFAFFF50FF633ABEFAB4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Taquara Brazil Acc. No. 2966 / L. W. Saylor Collection / CASENT 8438103 / 47 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CAS).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217FFFAFFF50FF633ABEFAB4.taxon	description	Description Length: 4.8 mm. Elytral length: 2.9 mm. Width: 2.7 mm. Head blackish brown, dull and iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.47. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin present only laterally; anterior angles produced, rectangular; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface opaque and iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, densely setose. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.48. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.67; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with one tooth. External teeth of protibia indistinct; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 2 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 24 (c, d). Female unknown.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217FFFAFFF50FF633ABEFAB4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela pseudopaca sp. nov. is in external and genital morphology similar to S. opaca. Symmela pseudopaca sp. nov. differs by the more elongate parameres (lateral and ventral view) whose lateral margin is almost straight (dorsal view) and by the dorsal face of parameres, which is basally plain or slightly convex. In contrast, in S. opaca the parameres are more stout (lateral and ventral view) and their lateral margin is strongly concave (dorsal view); the dorsal face of parameres is basally concave.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217FFFAFFF50FF633ABEFAB4.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named for its morphological similarities to S. opaca.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217DFFAAFEBCFA843A45FB27.taxon	description	(Figures 25, 31 (i ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217DFFAAFEBCFA843A45FB27.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Symmela nitidula Brésil Reische 2 / 2 / 152 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (MNHN). Paratype: 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilia / Symela longula, Er. / 79 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (ZMHB).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217DFFAAFEBCFA843A45FB27.taxon	description	Description Elytral length: 4 mm. Width: 3.3 mm. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface shiny, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.03. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.14; dorsal margin carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5 / 1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 25 (c – e). Female unknown. Variation Length: 7.1 mm. Elytral length: 4 – 4.2 mm. Width: 3.3 – 3.8 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of sparse setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, shiny, blackish brown; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217DFFAAFEBCFA843A45FB27.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela reischei sp. nov. is in external appearance similar to Symmela longula Erichson, 1835, but the body of this new species is significantly larger, and the parameres are stout and have a complicated shape, which differentiates them from all other Symmela species: at the apex they have a sharp dorsal process which is reflexed interiorly.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217DFFAAFEBCFA843A45FB27.taxon	etymology	Etymology The new species is named after Reische, collector of the holotype specimen (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217DFFAAFEBCFA843A45FB27.taxon	discussion	Remarks Pronotum and head of the holotype are missing. The parameres are broken in the paratype; however, based on the shape of the phallobase and the rest of the external morphology, this specimen can be clearly assigned to S. reischei.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2178FFB5FE62FB3838BAFD8C.taxon	description	(Figures 26, 29 (d), 31 (j), 32 (j ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2178FFB5FE62FB3838BAFD8C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘ Brasilia Goyaz / Symmela tarsalis Mos. / Typus / Berlin’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 7 ♂♂ ‘ Brasilia Goyaz / Symmela tarsalis Moser / Berlin’ (ZMHB). Additional material examined 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Jatahy / tarsalis Moser / Symmela tarsalis Mos. / Berlin’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Jatahy / Symmela tarsalis Moser / Berlin’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Goyaz Jatahy Rolle V. / Symmela clypeata Er. det. G. Frey 1972 / 55 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (ZMHB).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2178FFB5FE62FB3838BAFD8C.taxon	description	Redescription Length: 5.6 mm. Elytral length: 3.2 mm. Width: 2.8 mm. Head black, dull and shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, without a rim of setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 4. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: <1 / 4; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, black; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, black in major part, posterior half dark; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs blackish. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.35. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; with longer lateral bristles, without setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at middle; ratio of width / length: 1 / 3.6; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at twothirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 2 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 26 (d, e). Female unknown.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2167FFB0FEBDFD9C3B87FF44.taxon	description	(Figures 27, 29 (d), 31 (k ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2167FFB0FEBDFD9C3B87FF44.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Poconé – Mt. 15 - XII- 1990 Noraney Almeida UFMT / 37 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CEMT). Paratype: 1 ♂ ‘ UFMT Cuiaba Mt. 29 - X- 1994 Alessandro Montoro’ (ZFMK).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2167FFB0FEBDFD9C3B87FF44.taxon	description	Description Length: 4.5 mm. Elytral length: 2.5 mm. Width: 2.2 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny and iridescent, with erect dense setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin concavely incised behind anterior margin; punctation of surface posteriorly sparse; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.54. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 2 / 1 Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown; widest before base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin present only laterally; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorsoventrally; posterior angles strongly rounded and nearly obsolete; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra unicoloured, blackish brown; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.44. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at middle; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.67; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with one tooth. External teeth of protibia indistinct; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 1 / 2; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 27 (c, d). Female unknown. Variation Length: 4.4 – 4.5 mm. Elytral length: 2.5 – 2.6 mm. Width: 2.2 – 2.3 mm. Elytra in paratype shortly behind middle with a yellow median spot.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2167FFB0FEBDFD9C3B87FF44.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela terezae sp. nov. differs from all other Symmela species by the protibia in the male having only one lateral tooth, and the strongly reflexed but subtrapezoidal labroclypeus; furthermore, the parameres possess a lateral tooth.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2167FFB0FEBDFD9C3B87FF44.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named after Tereza Augusta de Oliveira Lara (in memoriam), grandmother of the first author (TLP) (noun in genitive case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2162FFBDFF4BFED73856FBDC.taxon	description	(Figures 28, 31 (l ))	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2162FFBDFF4BFED73856FBDC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype. ♂ ‘ Chapada Brazil Acc. No. 2966 / L. W. Saylor Collection / Det. L. W. Saylor / CASENT 8438110 / 149 Neotropical Sericini spec. ’ (CAS). Paratype: 1 ♂ ‘ Chapada Brazil Acc. No. 2966 / L. W. Saylor Collection / Det. L. W. Saylor / CASENT 8438109 ’ (ZFMK).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2162FFBDFF4BFED73856FBDC.taxon	description	Description Length: 5.9 mm. Elytral length: 3.2 mm. Width: 3 mm. Head black, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus / eye diameter: 1 / 3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter / interocular width: 0.47. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1 / 1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1 / 3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense. Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, shiny, black; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra unicoloured, blackish brown; surface shiny, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes. Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex. Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum / metacoxa: 1 / 1.39. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width / length: 1 / 2.68; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur / first metatarsomere: 1 / 2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with one tooth. External teeth of protibia indistinct; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 2 / 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex. Aedeagus: Figure 28 (c – e). Female unknown. Variation Length: 5.5 – 5.9 mm. Elytral length: 3.1 – 3.2 mm. Width: 2.8 – 3 mm. Paratype unicoloured, dark reddish brown.	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2162FFBDFF4BFED73856FBDC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Symmela unidentata sp. nov. is similar to Symmela terezae sp. nov. and shares with this species the unidentate protibia. Symmela unidentata differs by the metatibia which is widest at the apex rather than having subparallel dorsal and ventral margins in the apical half, and the paramere having in S. unidentata no lateral tooth (tooth present in S. terezae).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2162FFBDFF4BFED73856FBDC.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named after the presence of only one tooth in the protibia (adjective in nominative case).	en	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
