identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5D554F4F213EFFECFF1AFEFA3DB0FC37.text	5D554F4F213EFFECFF1AFEFA3DB0FC37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sericini Hope 1837	<div><p>Key to genera of South America Sericini</p> <p>1. Anterior margin of labium weakly concave.............................................................................. 2</p> <p>1’. Anterior margin of labium deeply concave................................................................ Sayloria</p> <p>2. Abdomen without lateral carina. Total length of body less than 6 mm. Antennal club always short (never exceeding the length of the remaining antennomeres combined). Elytra often bicoloured...................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>2’. Abdomen with distinct lateral carina. Total length of body greater than 7 mm. Elytra usually unicoloured, yellowish, blackish or brown. Antennal club longer or short. 4</p> <p>3. Suture between propygidium and apical ventrite present. Protibia always with three teeth.................................................................................................................................. Raysymmela</p> <p>3’. Suture between propygidium and apical ventrite absent. Protibia with one or two teeth.......................................................................................................................................... Symmela</p> <p>4. Antenna with eight antennomeres; antennal club of males with four antennomeres; fifth antennomere often transversely expanded basally. Phallobase short and stout (lateral view)........................................................................................................................ Miotemna</p> <p>4’. Antenna with eight or nine antennomeres; antennal club of males with three antennomeres; fifth antennomere never transversely expanded at base. Phallobase longer, at least three times as long as wide (lateral view)............ Astaena</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F213EFFECFF1AFEFA3DB0FC37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213EFFEDFE48FC133A51FCE9.text	5D554F4F213EFFEDFE48FC133A51FCE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela Erichson 1835	<div><p>Symmela Erichson, 1835</p> <p>Symmela Erichson, 1835: 261 (original description); Blanchard 1850: 84 (catalogue); Burmeister 1855: 131 (revision); Harold 1869: 1126 (checklist); Dalla Torre 1912: 77 (catalogue); Blackwelder 1944: 220 (checklist); Frey 1973: 316 (key); Evans 2003: 47; Evans and Smith 2005: 29, 2007: 29, 2009: 30 (checklist); Ahrens 2006: 136 (phylogenetic position)</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Symmela instabilis Erichson, 1835 (by subsequent designation; Evans 2003).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Body relatively small (&lt;7 mm), colour variable from black to yellow, often bicoloured; dorsal surface always glabrous (Figures 1, 3 and 8). Antenna composed of eight antennomeres, club short and composed of three lamellate antennomeres (Figure 30 (d)). Placoid sensilla on antennal lamellae round and elongate (Figure 14 (a)). Labrum ventrally with one or two longitudinal rows of setae (Figure 14 (b)). Mandibles fully developed (Figure 14 (c,d)). Galea (maxilla) with strong teeth, maxillary palps short, as long as maxilla (Figure 14 (e,f)). Anterior margin of mentum weakly sinuated (Figure 14 (g)). Labial palps with three palpomeres; anterior margin of labium weakly concave (Figure 14 (g)). Elytral base: Figure 14 (h) (for more detailed character coding, see Ahrens 2006). Hind wing: Figure 14 (o). Mesonotum: Figure 14 (n). Meso and metafurca: Figure 14 (i). Abdomen without lateral carina (Figure 14 (j), arrow); penultimate ventrite without suture to penultimate tergite (Figures 2 (b), 4 (a), 5 (b), 6 (b), 9 (b), 11 (b), 12 (b), 14 (j) and 32(l))), sometimes ventrites medially along the midline shorter (Figure 14 (p)). Protarsi in males often but not always widened, and protarsal claws asymmetric (Figure 32 (d,f)). Aedeagus including parameres symmetrical (Figure 14 (l,r)), endophallus often strongly and completely (or at least in apical portion) sclerotised (Figure 14 (k,m)), phallobase mesoventrally membraneous (Figure 14 (q,r)); parameres setose (Figure 14 (m)).</p> <p>Sexual dimorphism is well developed in most of the known species: the pygidium in females is usually less convex or flat, while in the male it is well convex. Furthermore, the protarsomeres are generally curved and/or enlarged in the male (Figure 32; see species descriptions for more detail), and the protarsal claws are sometimes asymmetrical. In contrast to the state in females, protarsal claws are always symmetrical while protarsi are straight, elongate and narrow. However, females of many species are still unknown.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Frey (1973) formally erected an additional subgenus of Symmela, Sayloria Frey, 1973 to accommodate Astaena bicoloripes Saylor, 1946, which was recently elevated to the level of a separate genus (Pacheco et al. 2021). All other Symmela species were not formally treated as belonging to the subgenus Symmela by Frey (1973).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F213EFFEDFE48FC133A51FCE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213FFFE8FEB7FC6E39ECFE0C.text	5D554F4F213FFFE8FEB7FC6E39ECFE0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela beskei Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela beskei Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 1, 29 (a), 30(a))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘ Brasilia New Friburgo b. Beske / Symela longula Er. / 78 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 5.5 mm. Elytral length: 3.7 mm. Width: 2.5 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.54. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown and yellowish; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface opaque and iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.36. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles and setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.24; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, a little longer than second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/ 1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 1 (c,d).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela beskei sp. nov. is, in its external appearance and the shape of the aedeagus, similar to S. brasiliensis Moser, 1919. It differs by the strongly reflexed anterior margin of the labroclypeus as well as by the subparameres being largely fused with the parameres; the parameres in the new species are also more elongate and dorso-ventrally slightly flattened; in S. brasiliensis the protibia is very short, its apical tooth elongated and half the protibial length, while in S. beskei the apical tooth is short, subequal to one-quarter of protibial length.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species is named after C.H. Beské, the collector of the type specimen (noun in genitive case).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F213FFFE8FEB7FC6E39ECFE0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F213AFFEAFE7BFE0038CAF904.text	5D554F4F213AFFEAFE7BFE0038CAF904.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela brasiliensis Moser 1919	<div><p>Symmela brasiliensis Moser, 1919</p> <p>(Figures 2, 29 (a), 30(b))</p> <p>Symmela brasiliensis Moser, 1919: 8 (original description); Frey 1973: 323 (key); Evans 2003: 47; Evans and Smith 2005: 30, 2007: 30, 2009: 30 (checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘Brasilia Diamantina/ Symmela brasiliensis Type Mos./ Typus/ brasiliensis Mos’. (ZMHB).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Amazonasgeb. Rolle V.’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Obidos 18.1.04 Rolle V’. (ZMHB), 13 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape 26 XII-62 B. Malkin/ CASENT/30 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CAS), 5 ♂♂ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape I-10-68 B. Malkin/ CASENT/ 30 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CAS), 9 ♂♂ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape 1-2-63 B. Malkin’ (CAS), 1 ♂ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape 18-XII -62 B. Malkin’ (CAS), 1 ♀ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape I-10-63 B. Malkin’ (CAS), 1 ♀ ‘ Braz. Mato Grosso Barra do Tapirape XII-30-62 B. Malkin’ (CAS).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 6 mm. Elytral length: 3.7 mm. Width: 3.1 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin weakly emarginated medially, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/ interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, brownish orange; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.26. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.06; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/1.5. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere curved, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere narrow, but bent; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 2 (d,e).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The original description was based on a single specimen from Diamantina (Moser 1919, p. 9), considered the holotype.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F213AFFEAFE7BFE0038CAF904	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2139FFF5FF46FF633B55FADE.text	5D554F4F2139FFF5FF46FF633B55FADE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela capixaba Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela capixaba Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 3, 29 (a), 30(c))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘Espir. Santo/81 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (ZMHB). Paratypes: 1 ♂ ‘Espir. Santo’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ La Plata / Berlin / Symmela opaca det. G. Frey ex coll. Moser’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♂ ‘ Symmela nitidula Brésil Reische 1/2’ (MNHN).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 6.5 mm. Elytral length: 4 mm. Width: 3.1 mm. Head yellow, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of sparse setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.5. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, shiny, yellowish; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra unicoloured, yellowish brown; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae in posterior edge on an elevated carina; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.24. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles and setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 3 (c–e).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 6.5–6.6 mm. Elytral length: 4–4.1 mm. Width: 3.1–3.5 mm.</p> <p>Metatibia widest at middle; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face absent; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, a little longer than second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/ 1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela capixaba sp. nov. is in external appearance similar to S. longula Erichson, 1835. Symmela capixaba sp. nov. differs by its stout and trifid parameres.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The new species name is derived from the demonym of Espírito Santo State, Brazil (noun in apposition).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Holotype lacking metatibia and protarsi.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2139FFF5FF46FF633B55FADE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2127FFF0FEA8FA553B28FC5C.text	5D554F4F2127FFF0FEA8FA553B28FC5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela clarki Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela clarki Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 4, 29 (a), 30(d), 32(a))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘ Constancia Jan 1857 H. Clark /153 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (MNHN). Paratypes: 1 ♂ ‘Constancia Jan 1857 H. Clark/ Symmela mutabilis Er’. (MNHN), 1 ♂ ‘Constancia Jan 1857 J. Gray’ (MNHN).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 6.2 mm. Elytral length: 3.5 mm. Width: 2.9 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of sparse setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.45. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, shiny, yellowish; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface shiny, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.26. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin densely setose. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.05; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation absent on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face absent; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, without punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere dorso-ventrally flattened in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 4 (c–e).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 5.8–6.2 mm. Elytral length: 3.5–3.6 mm. Width: 2.8–2.9 mm. Pronotum bicoloured, blackish brown.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela clarki sp. nov. is in external appearance similar to Symmela capixaba. Symmela clarki sp. nov. differs by the dorso-ventrally flattened protarsomere 5, which in S. capixaba is circular in cross section, and by the very short ventral lobe of parameres (long in S. capixaba).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named after H. Clark, a British entomologist, the collector of the type specimen (noun in genitive case).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2127FFF0FEA8FA553B28FC5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2122FFF3FE78FBDB38E2FCF4.text	5D554F4F2122FFF3FE78FBDB38E2FCF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela clypeata Erichson 1835	<div><p>Symmela clypeata Erichson, 1835</p> <p>(Figures 5, 29 (a), 30(e), 32(b))</p> <p>Symmela clypeata Erichson, 1835: 264 (original description); Blanchard 1850: 85 (catalogue); Burmeister 1855: 134 (revision); Harold 1869: 1126 (checklist); Frey 1973: 323 (key); Evans 2003: 48; Evans and Smith 2005: 30, 2007: 30, 2009: 30 (checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘24977/ clypeata Er. Brasil. Setl./ Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 2 ♂♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24977/ Typus/ Symela [sic!] clypeata Er. [handwritten Frey]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Typus / clypeata Er. [handwritten Frey]’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>Brazil: 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilia coll. Chev./ Symela [sic!] clypeata Er. [handwritten Frey]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Virmod. Nr. 24976/ Berlin / Symela [sic!] clypeata Er. det. G. Frey 1972’ (ZMHB), 16 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ‘ BRAZIL, Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, X. 76 F. Plaumann / 25 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CNCI), 58 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ ‘ BRASILIEN, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 300–500 m, 27°11 ʹ S 52°23 ʹ W X.1976 Fritz Plaumann’ (CMNC, NHMB), 1 ♂ ‘ BRASILIEN, 300–500 m, Nova Teutonia, 27°11 ʹ S 52° 23 ʹ W November 1968 <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Fritz Plaumann’</a> (CMNC), 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ ‘Brasilien Nova Teutonia 300– 500 m, 27°11 ʹ S 52°23 ʹ W X.1952 Fritz Plaumann’ (CMNC), 1 ♀ ‘ Nova Teutonia S. Catarina Brasil II-´70’ (CMNC), 1 ♀ ‘ Nova Teutonia S. Catarina Brasil 18.X-1952 F. Plaumann / DZUP311538/ Colecao M. Alvarenga’ (DZUP), 2 ♀♀ ‘N. Teutonia Bras. Santa Catarina Plaumann 8.XI. 50’ (NHMB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil / L.W. Saylor Collection // clypeata Erichs. Det. L.W. Saylor/ CASENT 8438095’ (CAS). Argentina: 3 ♂♂ ‘ Argentina Misiones Loreto Sept. 1962’ (USNM), 1 ♀ ‘ Argentinien Jujuy La Esper. 18.III.1954 leg. Hans Förster / symmela clypeata ♀ Er. det. G. Frey 1972’ (NHMB).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 6 mm. Elytral length: 3.5 mm. Width: 3.2 mm. Head black and yellow, dull and iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, rectangular; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly sparse; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/ interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, black; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface shiny, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae absent; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.26. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.06; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, robust and sparse (mainly in apical half of tarsomeres); medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 1/2; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 5 (d–f).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2122FFF3FE78FBDB38E2FCF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2121FFFEFE05FC4438E2FDAB.text	5D554F4F2121FFFEFE05FC4438E2FDAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela corumbana Moser 1921	<div><p>Symmela corumbana Moser, 1921</p> <p>(Figures 6, 29 (b), 30(f))</p> <p>Symmela corumbana Moser, 1921: 137 (original description); Frey: 1973: 323 (key); Evans 2003: 48; Evans and Smith 2005: 30, 2007: 30, 2009: 30 (checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘Corumba Matt. Grosso/ Symmela corumbana Type ♂ Mos./ Typus/ corumbana Mos. ’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 1 ♀ ‘Corumba Matt. Grosso/ Symmela corumbana Type ♀ Mos./ Typus/ Symela [sic!] corumbana Moser [typewritten]’ (ZMHB), 10 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ ‘Corumba Matt. Grosso/ Symela [sic!] corumbana Moser [typewritten]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘Corumba Matt. Grosso/ S. corumbana det. G. Frey 1972’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>Brazil: 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ ‘ Brasilien Matto Grosso 200 engl Meilen v. Cuyaba C. Heller V.’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ‘ Cáceres, MT 12.11.1985 C. Elias leg. Polonoroeste / Dpto ZOOL UF Parana / DZUP 311512/ 34 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (DZUP), 1 ♀ ‘ Cáceres, MT 12.11.1985 C. Elias leg. Polonoroeste / Dpto ZOOL UF Parana / DZUP 311511’ (DZUP), 1 ♂ ‘ Corumba Matt. Grosso / W. Muche Radeberg Ankauf’ (ZFMK). Paraguay: 1 ♂ ‘ Paraguay: San Pedro Cororo-Rio Ypane XII-1/4-1983 Malaise Trap M. Wasbauer coll./ Dr. Alan R. Hardy 2005 donation to California Academy of Sciences’ (CAS), 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ‘ Cerro Amambay Paraguay / Oct. 1939 A. Schultze / 35 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (USNM).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 4.5 mm. Elytral length: 3 mm. Width: 2.5 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with sparse setae directed posteriorly. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin weakly emarginated medially, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly sparse; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, iridescent, brownish orange; widest before base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, blackish brown in major part, posterior half dark; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.26. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.06; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, fine, short; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 6 (d–f).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2121FFFEFE05FC4438E2FDAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212CFFF9FE7DFDA8385DFE0E.text	5D554F4F212CFFF9FE7DFDA8385DFE0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela elegans Erichson 1835	<div><p>Symmela elegans Erichson, 1835</p> <p>(Figures 7, 29 (b), 30(g), 32(c))</p> <p>Symmela elegans Erichson, 1835: 263 (original description); Blanchard 1850: 85 (catalogue); Burmeister 1855: 133 (revision); Harold 1869: 1126 (checklist); Frey 1973: 322 (key); Evans 2003: 48; Evans and Smith 2005: 30, 2007: 30, 2009: 31 (checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♀ ‘24972/ elegans Er. Brasil v. Langs. / Typus’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>1 ♂ ‘ Brésil / Symmela instabilis Er. ’ (MNHN), 1 ♂ ‘ flavimana Gory instabilis Dej. Brésil 2/2’ (MNHN), 1 ♂ ‘ Lambary M. Geraes. XI.1924 7383 J. Halik / Symmela / Brasil Halik 1966 Collection’ (USNM), 1 ♀ ‘ Lambary, Minas II. 924/ Coll. J. Guerlin S. Paulo, Brasil 11794/ Symmela elegans det. G. Frey 1972’ (CF / NHMB), 2 ♂♂ ‘ Venda Nova de Imigrante ES-BRASIL XI-1999 Col. Vaz Mello / 26 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CEMT), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ‘R. d. Janeiro Petropolis 6.11.04 F. Ohs / Symela elegans Er. [handwritten Frey]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘R. d. Janeiro Petropolis 6.11.04 F. Ohs / Mos. determ. Symmela elegans Er. / CASENT 8438098’ (CAS), 1 ♂ ‘ Brazil, 300–500 m, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a> 27°11 ʹ S, 52°23 ʹ W. Jan. 1969 Fritz Plaumann’ (CMNC), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilien Nova Teutonia 27°11 ʹ B 52°23 ʹ L Fritz Plaumann X.1957 300–500 m’ (CNCI).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 6.9 mm. Elytral length: 4.2 mm. Width: 3.7 mm. Head black, shiny and iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/ interocular width: 0.47. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum with copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown; widest at middle, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin dense; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, rectangular; antero-lateral angle flattened dorso-ventrally, postero-lateral angle not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface with median longitudinal impression present over entire length of pronotum and two longitudinal furrows on each side, punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, reddish brown in major part, dark margins; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.4. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; with longer lateral bristles, without setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.55; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/3. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 7 (d,e).</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Protibia with three indistinct, equidistant teeth; third basal tooth smaller than medium tooth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere curved, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The original description was based on a single specimen (Erichson 1835, p. 263); the present type specimen must be considered the holotype. This specimen is a female; the protibia is lacking.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F212CFFF9FE7DFDA8385DFE0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F212BFFFBFF47FE1C3A63F969.text	5D554F4F212BFFFBFF47FE1C3A63F969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela erichsoni Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela erichsoni Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 8, 29 (b), 30(h))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘ Rio Jan / Type mgl./ Symela opaca Er. / 80 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (ZMHB). Paratypes: 2 ♂♂ ‘Fry Rio Jan./ Fry coll. 1905–100./ Symmela mutabilis Er. Det. at B.M. H.F. Howden ‘62 / Symmela mutabilis ’ (CNCI, ZFMK).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 5.1 mm. Elytral length: 3.2 mm. Width: 2.6 mm. Head blackish brown, iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of sparse setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, moderately dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.49. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown; widest at middle and base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorsoventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra unicoloured, blackish brown; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae in posterior edge on an elevated carina; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.22. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.33; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere curved, its length longer than second, third and fourth combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 1/2; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere short and transverse (distinctly wider than long); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 8 (c,d).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 5.1–6.0 mm. Elytral length: 3.2–3.8 mm. Width: 2.6–3.1 mm. Pronotum bicoloured, basal lateral margins yellowish; elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown with dark margins.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela erichsoni sp. nov. differs from S. beskei by the enlarged first protarsomere, which is longer than second, third, and fourth protarsomere combined, and by the shorter and stouter parameres which are flattened laterally instead of dorso-ventrally.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species is named after W.F. Erichson, a German entomologist who described the genus Symmela and many other taxa (noun in genitive case).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F212BFFFBFF47FE1C3A63F969	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2116FFC6FE7DFF633D3AFAEB.text	5D554F4F2116FFC6FE7DFF633D3AFAEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela flavimana (Gory 1832)	<div><p>Symmela flavimana (Gory, 1832)</p> <p>(Figures 9, 30 (i))</p> <p>Serica flavimana Gory, 1832: Plate 24 bis, Figure 11 (image, original description); Gory, 1844: 98 (text, description)</p> <p>Symmela instabilis flavimana: Burmeister 1855: 133 (revision); Harold 1869: 1126 (checklist); Evans 2003: 11, 48 (checklist); Evans 2003: 11, 48; Evans and Smith 2005: 30, 2007: 30, 2009: 31 (checklist)</p> <p>Symmela instabilis flavimargo [sic]: Frey 1973: 321 (key)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘ flavimana Gory Brésil / Mus. Paris/ instabilis v. flavimana Gory det. G. Frey, 1972’ (MNHN).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 7.1 mm. Elytral length: 4.1 mm. Width: 4 mm. Head black and yellow, iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side;anterior margin straight,not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.54. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella much narrower than width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella distinctly shorter than basal one; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum with copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, black; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles not produced, blunt; antero-lateral and posterolateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface with median longitudinal impression present over entire length of pronotum, two longitudinal and two posterior furrows on each side, punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra unicoloured, black; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae absent; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.49. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; with longer lateral bristles, setae on basal surface present, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.9; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface;interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, fine, short; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere curved, a little longer than second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/ 1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 9 (d,e).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Source for the dating of the publication of Gory’s name is Gaedike et al. (2012), and Horn and Schenkling (1928–1929), referring to Cowan (1971) (http://sdei.senckenberg.de/ index/index.php).</p> <p>The type specimen of Gory was located within mixed material at the Frey collection (!), found after we had searched a long time in Paris. This specimen is actually labelled with ‘Mus. Paris’, the typical label of collection provenience which many syntypes loaned by Frey bear (many from Berlin too!) which, however, were never returned to their original collections after his death. We communicated this fact to the respective curators in order that the types will be transferred again to their original place of preservation.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2116FFC6FE7DFF633D3AFAEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2114FFC1FF4EFA9639ECFD5A.text	5D554F4F2114FFC1FF4EFA9639ECFD5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela fuhrmanni Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela fuhrmanni Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 10, 29 (b), 30(j))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘ BRASIL: Distrito Federal. Planatina. ESEC Áquas Emendadas, 15°32 ʹ 31′S 47° 36 ʹ 49″W. 1.-15-XII-2010, Pitfall, M.R. Frizzas / 38 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CEMT). Paratypes: 1 ♂ ‘ BRASIL: Distrito Federal. Planatina. ESEC Áquas Emendadas, 15°32 ʹ 31′S 47°36 ʹ 49″W. 1.-15-XII-2010, Pitfall, M.R. Frizzas/ 38 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (ZFMK), 3 ♂♂ ‘ Brasil GO J. &amp;. Bechyné/ Faz. Paraiso 8-2-1962 ’ (UNSM, ZFMK).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 5.5 mm. Elytral length: 2.9 mm. Width: 2.4 mm. Head blackish brown, dull, with erect dense setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/ interocular width: 0.47. Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull, black; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra unicoloured, blackish brown; surface opaque and iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.44. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at middle; ratio of width/length: 1/2.04; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex deeply concave; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at nearly half of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 10 (c,d).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 4.4–5.5 mm. Elytral length: 2.5–2.9 mm. Width: 2.2–2.4 mm. Protibia with two teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela fuhrmanni sp. nov. differs from all other Symmela species by the metatibia which are widest at middle, and the elongated parameres being subparallel in dorsal view.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named after Juares Fuhrmann, a Brazillian entomologist who has been making great contributions to Neotropical Melolonthinae taxonomy (noun in genitive case).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2114FFC1FF4EFA9639ECFD5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2113FFCCFEBFFCAD39ECFE08.text	5D554F4F2113FFCCFEBFFCAD39ECFE08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela guerlini Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela guerlini Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 11, 29 (b), 30(k))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘Bananeira. Goiáz. 12–936/ Coll. J. Guerlin S. Paulo Brasil. 10725/ Cum type comparatum/ Symela brasiliensis Mos. det. G. Frey 1972/ 148 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CF / NHMB). Paratype: 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Jatahy / Berlin / brasiliensis Mos.’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 6.4 mm. Elytral length: 3.4 mm. Width: 3 mm. Head blackish brown, iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/4. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/ interocular width: 0.44. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, blackish brown; widest before base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin present only laterally; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorsoventrally; posterior angles strongly rounded and nearly obsolete; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, blackish margins; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.61. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina. Metacoxa with longer lateral bristles. Metacoxa, setae on basal surface present, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/ length: 1/2.9; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex deeply concave; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, robust and sparse (mainly in apical half of tarsomeres); medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere curved, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere narrow, but bent; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 11 (c,d).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 6.4–7.2 mm. Elytral length: 3.4–3.9 mm. Width: 3.0– 3.6 mm.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela guerlini sp. nov. is in external appearance similar to S. brasiliensis. Symmela guerlini differs by the presence of robust lateral metacoxal setae and the apically strongly extended and nearly filiform subparameres, which are in both species basally fused.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species is named after J. Guerlin, collector of the type specimen (noun in genitive case).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2113FFCCFEBFFCAD39ECFE08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F211EFFCEFF48FE093872F9DE.text	5D554F4F211EFFCEFF48FE093872F9DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela iannuzziae Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela iannuzziae Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 12, 29 (b), 30(l))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘ Brasil Pernambuco Recife. Dois Irmãos, alunos UFPE/ 32 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CEMT). Paratypes: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ‘PE, Recife, P.E. de Dois Irmãos, 17.iii.2022, E.J. Galdino &amp; A.O. Lira’ (CERPE), 1 ♂ ‘PE, Recife, P.E. de Dois Irmãos, 12.iv.2022, E.J. Galdino &amp; P.E. Costa’ (CERPE).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 4.9 mm. Elytral length: 2.9 mm. Width: 2.5 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin weakly emarginated medially, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, moderately dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.5. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella much narrower than width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc sparse, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.39. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles and setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at middle; ratio of width/length: 1/2.4; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex weakly and shallowly truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at nearly half of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with very sparse punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, a little longer than second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 12 (c,d).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela iannuzziae sp. nov. differs from the very similar S. fuhrmanni (both species share the mesally widened metatibiae) by the non-reflexed labroclypeus, the bidentate protibia (male), and the basally wide, short and flattened parameres (Figure 12 (d)), which are in S. fuhrmanni more elongate and subparallel in dorsal view.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The new species is named after Luciana Iannuzzi, a Brazillian entomologist (noun in genitive case).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F211EFFCEFF48FE093872F9DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F211DFFCAFE05FF6338D7FB54.text	5D554F4F211DFFCAFE05FF6338D7FB54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela instabilis Erichson 1835	<div><p>Symmela instabilis Erichson, 1835</p> <p>(Figures 13, 14, 30 (m), 32(d))</p> <p>Symmela instabilis Erichson, 1835: 262 (original description); Blanchard 1850: 84 (catalogue)</p> <p>Symmela instabilis instabilis: Burmeister 1855: 132 (revision); Harold 1869: 1126 (checklist); Frey 1973: 321 (key); Evans 2003: 48; Evans and Smith 2005: 30, 2007: 30, 2009: 31 (checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘24970/ instabilis Er. Brasil. Virm./ Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 1 ♂ ‘24971/ Brasil / var./ Typus/ Symela instabilis Er. [typewritten]’ (ZMHB), 2 ♀♀ ‘24971/ Brasil / Typus / Symela instabilis Er. [typewritten]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ ‘24970/ Brasil Vrmnd./ Typus/ Symela instabilis Er. [typewritten]’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>1 ♂, 1 ♀ ‘Brasilia Schaum’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Symmela Brésile 1/2’ (MNHN), 1 ♀ ‘ Symmela Brésile 1/2’ (MNHN).</p> <p>Erroneous record: 1 ♂ ‘ Mexique / Symela sp./ Mus. Paris’ (MNHN).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 6.1 mm. Elytral length: 3.5 mm. Width: 3.4 mm. Head black, dull and shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.57. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum with copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, black; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles not produced, blunt; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface with median longitudinal impression present over entire length of pronotum and two longitudinal furrows on each side, punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra unicoloured, black; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.43. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina. Metacoxa with longer lateral bristles. Metacoxa, setae on basal surface present, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/ length: 1/4.31; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, robust and sparse, mainly in apical half of tarsomeres; medial face glabrous. Protibia with three indistinct, equidistant teeth; third basal tooth smaller than medium tooth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere to second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, subequal to fourth protarsomere. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 13 (d–e).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F211DFFCAFE05FF6338D7FB54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2118FFD5FE71FAA43BBEFD16.text	5D554F4F2118FFD5FE71FAA43BBEFD16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela jatahyensis Frey 1973	<div><p>Symmela jatahyensis Frey, 1973</p> <p>(Figures 15, 29 (c), 30(n), 32(e))</p> <p>Symmela (Symmela) jatahyensis Frey, 1973: 323 (original description, key); Evans 2003: 48; Evans and Smith 2005: 30, 2007: 30, 2009: 31 (checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘ Brasilien Jatahy / Symmela jatahyensis Type Mos./ Typus’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 5 mm. Elytral length: 3 mm. Width: 2.5 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, rectangular; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, without a rim of setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus without terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, reddish brown; widest at middle, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorsoventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite long (1.5 times as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite as well as ultimate one with longer and denser setae; beside row of setae, densely setose. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.3. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles and setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at middle; ratio of width/length: 1/2.35; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface with dense and long setae; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex weakly and shallowly truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/1.5. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 2/1; second protarsomere narrow, but bent; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 15 (d,e).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The species was labelled by Moser, but not actually described. Frey (1973) published the name, being thus the author of the species.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2118FFD5FE71FAA43BBEFD16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2107FFD0FE7DFCE13860FD33.text	5D554F4F2107FFD0FE7DFCE13860FD33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela longula Erichson 1835	<div><p>Symmela longula Erichson, 1835</p> <p>(Figures 16, 29 (c), 30(o))</p> <p>Symmela longula Erichson, 1835: 265 (original description); Blanchard 1850: 85 (catalogue); Burmeister 1855: 135 (revision); Harold 1869: 1126 (checklist); Frey 1973: 322 (key); Evans 2003: 48; Evans and Smith 2005: 30, 2007: 31, 2009: 31 (checklist)</p> <p>Symmela angustula Moser, 1919: 7 (original description); Frey 1973: 323 (key); Evans 2003: 47, Evans and Smith 2005: 29, 2007: 29, 2009: 30 (checklist), syn. nov.</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (S. longula, here designated): ♂ ‘ longula Er. Brasil Setl./ 24985/ Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes (S. longula): 6 ♂♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24985/ Typus/ Symela [sic!] longula Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘24985/ [from old collection catalogue: Brasil Sello]’ (ZMHB), 5 ♀♀ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24986/ Typus/ Symela [sic!] longula Er. ’ (ZMHB). Lectotype (S. angustula, here designated): ♂ ‘Caraça (Minas Geraez) Bresil / Symmela angustula Type ♂ Mos/ Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotype (S. angustula): 1 ♀ ‘Caraça (Minas Geraez) Bresil / Symmela angustula Type ♀ Mos/ Typus’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>1 ♂ ‘Brasil’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia New Friburgo b. Beske’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘24991/ Brasil Virm./ n. sp./ Berlin/ Symmela tenella Er. Det. G. Frey 1972 ’ (ZMHB), 2 ♂♂ ‘Brasilia/ Type / Symmela tenella Er. coll. Moser’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil / type mgl./ Symela longula Er. / 77 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (ZMHB), 8 ♂♂ ‘ Brésil Caraca P. Germain 2e Semestre 1884/ Muséum Paris ex Coll. Oberthür 1952’ (MNHN), 1 ♂ ‘ Brésil Rio Piracicaba P. Germain Fevrier 1885 / Muséum Paris ex Coll. Oberthür 1952’ (MNHN).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 4.8 mm. Elytral length: 3.1 mm. Width: 2.2 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, without a rim of setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/4. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.53. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, dull but iridescent, blackish brown; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.43. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.27; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at twothirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 16 (d,e).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Lectotypes of Symmela longula and S. angustula are virtually identical in shape. Symmela nitida Erichson is very similar, but the parameres are slightly wider and less concavely curved laterally.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2107FFD0FE7DFCE13860FD33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2102FFD3FF40FD093A2FFCC1.text	5D554F4F2102FFD3FF40FD093A2FFCC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela martinezi Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela martinezi Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 17, 29 (c), 31(a))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘ Argentina Misiones P ° Iguazú Duret legit. Coll. Martinez Sept. 947/ H. &amp; A. Howden Collection ex. A. Martinez coll./ 27 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CMNC). Paratypes: Argentina: 1 ♀ ‘ Argentina Misiones P° Iguazú Duret legit. Coll. Martinez Sept. 947/ H. &amp; A. Howden Collection ex. A. Martinez coll./ 27 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CMNC), 1 ♀ ‘ARG: Missiones, 200 m Iguazu Nat. Park 23.XII.90–6.I.91 forest gen. colln. S &amp; J Peck, 90–128’ (CMNC). Brazil: 1 ♂ ‘ Rio de Janeiro John Gray’ (MNHN), 4 ♂♂ ‘ Brasilia Nova Friburgo / Symela instabilis Er./ 56 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (ZMHB, ZFMK), 1 ♂ ‘Brasilia coll. Moser / Symela instabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil / Symela instabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 4 ♀♀ ‘ Brasilia Nova Friburgo b. Beske’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 6.8 mm. Elytral length: 4 mm. Width: 3.6 mm. Head black, shiny and iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, moderately dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum with copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, black; widest at middle, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin dense; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, rectangular; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface with median longitudinal impression present over entire length of pronotum and two longitudinal furrows on each side, punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, dark spot on disc; surface opaque and iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.33. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; with longer lateral bristles, without setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.65; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2.5. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, robust and sparse (mainly in apical half of tarsomeres); medial face glabrous. Protibia with three indistinct, equidistant teeth; third basal tooth smaller than medium tooth; spur straight. First protarsomere curved, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 17 (c,d).</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 6.8–7.5 mm. Elytral length: 4–4.4 mm. Width: 3.6–3.9 mm. Elytra from entirely dark brown to yellow with reduced central dark spot. Female: protarsi fine and narrow; protarsal claws symmetric, the basal tooth of interior claw sharply pointed at apex; antennal club short than in male, length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.5.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela martinezi sp. nov. is in external appearance and the shape of the aedeagus similar to S. elegans Erichson, 1835. Symmela martinezi sp. nov. differs externally by the straight interior terminal protibial spine, which is in S. elegans curved interiorly, and, of course, in the shape of the aedeagus, parameres and subparameres and the strongly sclerotised endophallus. The latter is externally well visible. The parameres are in S. martinezi narrower and distinctly curved, the aedeagus generally less robust (more narrow); the subparameres are in S. martinezi mesally contiguous in the basal half, while in S. elegans they are divergent from the base onward.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named after A. Martínez, an Argentine entomologist who has made numerous contributions to our knowledge of South American scarabs and one of the collectors of the type specimens (noun in genitive case).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2102FFD3FF40FD093A2FFCC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2101FFDEFE07FC4738EDFD5C.text	5D554F4F2101FFDEFE07FC4738EDFD5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela mutabilis Erichson 1835	<div><p>Symmela mutabilis Erichson, 1835</p> <p>(Figures 18, 29 (c), 31(b), 32(f))</p> <p>Symmela mutabilis Erichson, 1835: 263 (original description); Blanchard 1850: 85 (catalogue); Burmeister 1855: 133 (revision); Harold 1869: 1127 (checklist); Frey 1973: 323 (key); Evans 2003: 48; Evans and Smith 2005: 31, 2007: 31, 2009: 31 (checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘24973/ mutabilis Brasil. Setl./ Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 2 ♂♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24973/ Typus / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24973/ Typus/ mutabilis coll. Mos.’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♂ ‘24974/ Var./ Brasil Sello / Typus / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 3 ♀♀ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24974/ Typus / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24974/ Typus / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24973/ Typus/ Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia Sao Paulo / Berlin / mutabilis Er. [handwritten Frey]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia / Berlin / mutabilis coll. Moser [handwritten Frey]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘S. Paulo Brasil./ ♀ mutabilis coll. Moser [handwritten Frey]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘S. Paulo Brasil./ Berlin / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia Sao Paulo / Berlin / Symela [sic!] mutabilis Er. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘24976/ Brasil Virm. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Virm. Nr. 24976’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘24975/ Brasil Virm’. (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Virm. Nr. 24975’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilia St. Catharina’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Curitiba Parana II.1939 1668/ Brasil Halik 1966 Collection’ (USNM), 1 ♀ ‘ Curitiba Parana II.1939 Halik 1661/ Symmela mutabilis Erich / Halik det. 1958./ Brasil Halik 1966 Collection’ (USNM), 1 ♂ ‘ Curitiba Parana II.1939 1540/ Brasil Halik 1966 Collection’ (USNM), 7 ♂♂ ‘ Curitiba Parana II.1939/ Brasil Halik 1966 Collection’ (USNM, ZFMK), 2 ♂♂ ‘ Curitiba Paraná 3. 939/ Coll. J. Guerlin S. Paulo Brasil 0485’ (NHMB), 1 ♂ ‘ clypeata Erichson planifrons Dej. Brésil 1/ 2’ (MNHN).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 6.2 mm. Elytral length: 3.9 mm. Width: 3.5 mm. Head black, dull and iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.55. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, black; widest at middle, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, black in major part, posterior half dark; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.25. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina. Metacoxa with longer lateral bristles. Metacoxa, setae on basal surface present, posterior margin densely setose. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/ length: 1/2.85; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at twothirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/3. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, robust and sparse, mainly in apical half of tarsomeres; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 1/2; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 18 (d–f).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2101FFDEFE07FC4738EDFD5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F210CFFD9FE68FCAC3B74FCE9.text	5D554F4F210CFFD9FE68FCAC3B74FCE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela nitida Erichson 1835	<div><p>Symmela nitida Erichson, 1835</p> <p>(Figures 19, 29 (c), 31(c))</p> <p>Symmela nitida Erichson, 1835: 264 (original description); Blanchard 1850: 85 (catalogue); Burmeister 1855: 134 (revision); Harold 1869: 1127 (checklist); Frey 1973: 323 (key); Evans 2003: 49; Evans and Smith 2005: 31, 2007: 31, 2009: 31 (checklist)</p> <p>Symmela tenella Erichson, 1835: 265 (original description); Burmeister 1855: 135 (revision); Harold 1869: 1127 (checklist); Frey 1973: 324 (key); Evans 2003: 49; Evans and Smith 2005: 31, 2007: 31, 2009: 32 (checklist), syn. nov.</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype (S. nitida): ♂ ‘24990/ nitida Er. / Brasil. Virm./ keine Type... [further text not legible]/ tenella Er. Coll. Moser [handwritten Frey]’ (ZMHB). Lectotype (S. tenella, here designated) ♂ ‘ tenella Er. Brasil Setl./ 24985/ Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes (S. tenella): 1 ♀ ‘24988/ var? Brasil Virm./ Berlin/ tenella coll. Moser’ (ZMHB), 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ ‘ Brasil Virmond Nr. 24988/ Typus/ Berlin/ tenella coll. Moser’ (ZMHB), 2 ♂♂ ‘ Brasil Virmond Nr. 24988/ Berlin/ tenella coll. Moser’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘24989/ Var. Brasil Virm./ Type/ Berlin/ tenella coll. Moser’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24987/ Typus/ tenella coll. Moser’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>1 ♂ ‘ nitida Er. Bras. Dpt’. (MLUH), 1 ♂ ‘S. Paulo Mato d. Gov. F. Ohaus S./ Ohaus determ. Symmela nitidicollis ♂ Burm. ’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘S. Bocaina 1600 m S.J. BARREIROS S.P. Brasil XI-1967 Alvarenga e Seabra / Coleção M. Alvarenga / DZUP 311714/ 31 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (DZUP), 1 ♂ ‘ BRASIL, Paraná, Tibagi P.E. Canion Guartelá 06-XII- 2009, 900 m, P.C. Grossi leg./ 33 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CEMT), 1 ♂ ‘Museum Paris Minas Ger. à Goyaz Castelnau 1947/ S. tenella / tenella Det. L.W. Saylor / CASENT 8438104’ (CAS), 1 ♂ ‘ Museum Paris Minas Ger. à Goyaz Castelnau 14–47/ CASENT 8438105’ (CAS), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien / L.W. Saylor Collection / CASENT 8438108’ (CAS).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 5.1 mm. Elytral length: 3.5 mm. Width: 2.8 mm. Head black, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin convex, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.49. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, shiny, blackish brown; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, black in major part, posterior half dark; surface shiny, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.28. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles and setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/2.95; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate;ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous;medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 19 (d,e).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The original description was based on a single specimen (Erichson 1835, p. 265); the available type specimen must be considered the holotype. Except for the variable colour, the types of Symmela nitida and S. tenella are virtually identical, i.e. in the shape of the parameres, labroclypeus and protarsi.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F210CFFD9FE68FCAC3B74FCE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F210BFFA4FE1DFC6E3A3CFC66.text	5D554F4F210BFFA4FE1DFC6E3A3CFC66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela nitidicollis Burmeister 1855	<div><p>Symmela nitidicollis Burmeister, 1855</p> <p>(Figures 20, 29 (d), 31(d), 32(k))</p> <p>Symmela nitidicollis Burmeister, 1855: 132 (original description); Harold 1869: 1127 (checklist); Frey 1973: 324 (key); Evans 2003: 49; Evans and Smith 2005: 31, 2007: 31, 2009: 31 (checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (here designated): ♀ ‘ ♀ / Nov. Frib./ Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Zentralmagazin Naturw. Sammlungen 08/03/12 5.12.2019 / nitidicollis Burm. Bras. Virm. [collection label, handwritten]’ (MLUH). Paraletotype: 1 ♀ ‘ ♀ / Nov. Frib./ Martin-LutherUniversität Halle-Wittenberg Zentralmagazin Naturw. Sammlungen 08/03/12 5.12.2019 ’ (MLUH).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>1 ♀ ‘24979/ Brasil. Richt./ Symela [sic!] nitida [sic!] Burm. [typewritten]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilia Nova Friburgo b. Beske/ Symela [sic] nitida, Burm. [type writing machine printed label of Frey]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ ‘ Brasilia Nova Friburgo b. Beske/ Symela [sic] nitida, Burm. [type writing machine printed label of Frey]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilia Nova Friburgo b. Beske/ nitida Bm’. (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia San Leopoldo / nitida Burm. [handwritten Moser]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♀ ‘ Brasilia Doye O./ Symela [sic] nitida, Burm. [type writing machine printed label of Frey]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ BRASIL: Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima x.2000. P. Grossi/ 28 Neotropical Sericini spec’. (CEMT), 1 ♀ ‘ Serra do Caraca S. Barbara, M. Ger. Brasil, XII.1971 ’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♀ ‘ Serra de Bocaina S. Paulo, Bras. 1500 m, XI.1965 / S. nitida Bur. det. G. Frey 1972’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♀ ‘454Z/ Fry RioJan °/ Symmela nitidicollis Burm./ cum type comparatum/ Astaena nitida Bur. det. G. Frey 1972’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♀ ‘ La Divisoria 21.VI.1964 P. Aquilar Coll./ U.A. 502.68/ Symela nitida Bur. det. G. Frey 1974’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♀ ‘ Joinville / St. Catharina Brasilien Rttr./ Symmela nitida det. G. Frey 1972’ (CF / NHMB), 1 ♀ ‘ Hansa Humboldt Sta. Catherina Brasilien Reitter/ Symela nitida Br. det. G. Frey 1972’ (CF / NHMB).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 6.9 mm. Elytral length: 4.9 mm. Width: 3.4 mm. Head black, shiny, with erect dense setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin weakly emarginated medially, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly sparse; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/4. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/ interocular width: 0.54. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum very dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, shiny, black; widest at middle, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra unicoloured, black; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae absent; intervals convex; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.29. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina. Metacoxa with longer lateral bristles. Metacoxa, setae on basal surface present, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/4.06; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at 3/4 of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length shorter than second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin setose, ventral setae standing in a narrow line, fine, short; medial face glabrous. Protibia with three distinct teeth, apical one more distant; third basal tooth smaller than medium tooth. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined Protarsi, claws (male) asymmetrical.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 20 (d,e).</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Protibia, spur straight. Protarsi: width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1/1. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Protibia in female with three teeth, basal tooth smaller.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F210BFFA4FE1DFC6E3A3CFC66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2176FFA7FF55FBFC39ECFD10.text	5D554F4F2176FFA7FF55FBFC39ECFD10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela nunesorum Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela nunesorum Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 21, 29 (d), 31(e), 32(g))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘ BRASIL: Goiás. Mineiros. 1999 G. Machado / 29 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CEMT). Paratype: 1 ♂ ‘ BRASIL: Goiás. Mineiros. 1999 G. Machado / 29 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (ZFMK).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 6.8 mm. Elytral length: 4.4 mm. Width: 3.2 mm. Head black, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.44. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella distinctly shorter than basal one; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, shiny, black; widest at base, width distinctly narrower compared to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles weakly concave, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin present only laterally; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra unicoloured, black; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa:1/1.4. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/2.9; dorsal margin carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere:1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated;ventral margin glabrous;medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, as long as second; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere narrow, but bent; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 21 (c–d).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 6.2–6.8 mm. Elytral length: 4–4.4 mm. Width: 3.1–3.2 mm. Pronotum and elytra in paratype bicoloured: pronotum in basal half yellowish; elytra yellow with dark margins.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela nunesorum sp. nov. is in the shape of aedeagus very similar to S. capixaba. Symmela nunesorum differs by the pronotum which is distinctly narrower than the elytra at the humerus and its lateral margins bent at middle. Furthermore, S. nunesorum has a blackish body and the parameres are narrower at the apex (compared to body size, or length of phallobase). In S. capixaba, the body is yellowish brown and parameres are wider at the apex.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named after Rafael V. Nunes and Luis Gabriel de O.A. Nunes (not related); both are great Brazillian biologists and dear friends of the first author (noun in genitive case).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2176FFA7FF55FBFC39ECFD10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2175FFA2FE6AFD1738EFFEA6.text	5D554F4F2175FFA2FE6AFD1738EFFEA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela opaca Erichson 1835	<div><p>Symmela opaca Erichson, 1835</p> <p>(Figures 22, 29 (d), 31(f), 32(h))</p> <p>Symmela opaca Erichson, 1835: 264 (original description); Blanchard 1850: 85 (catalogue); Burmeister 1855: 134 (revision); Harold 1869: 1127 (checklist); Frey 1973: 324 (key); Evans 2003: 49; Evans and Smith 2005: 31, 2007: 31, 2009: 31 (checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘24980/ opaca Brasil. Setl./ Typus’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 1 ♂ ‘24981/ Brasil Sello / Var./ Typus/ Symmela opaca, Er. [type written]’ (ZMHB), 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24980/ Typus/ Berlin/ Symmela opaca, Er. [type written]’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasil Sello Nr. 24980/ P. Typus/ mutabilis Mos. det. G. Frey, 196’ (CF / NHMB).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>2 ♂♂ ‘ Rio Verde GO-BRASIL XI-1998 Col. J. Carlos / 36 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CEMT), 1 ♀ ‘ Rio Verde GO-BRASIL XII-1996 Col. J. Carlos.’ (CEMT), 1 ♀ ‘ Rio Verde GO-BRASIL XI-1999 Col. J. Carlos.’ (CEMT), 1 ♂ ‘ Vila Velha – PR Brasil 3.II.1968 Pe. J.S. Moure / DZUP 311533’ (DZUP), 1 ♂ ‘ Symela opaca Brésil 2/2’ (MNHN), 1 ♂ ‘ Symela opaca Brésil 1/2’ (MNHN).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 5.1 mm. Elytral length: 3.4 mm. Width: 2.8 mm. Head black, dull and shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin convex, strongly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/ interocular width: 0.49. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, black; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, blackish brown in major part, light humeral spot; surface opaque, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium weakly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.4. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin densely setose. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/2.89; dorsal margin carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/1.5. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length shorter than second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two indistinct teeth; spur curved interiorly. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 2/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 22 (d,e).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2175FFA2FE6AFD1738EFFEA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2170FFACFF40FEB13DB7F969.text	5D554F4F2170FFACFF40FEB13DB7F969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela paschoali Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela paschoali Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 23, 29 (d), 31(g))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘ Asuncion Paraguay Acc. No. 2966/ L.W. Saylor Collection / Det. L.W. Saylor / CASENT 8438099/ 150 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CAS). Paratypes: 1 ♂ ‘ Taperina Brazil Acc. No. 2966/ L.W. Saylor Collection/ CASENT 8438100’ (ZFMK), 1 ♂ ‘ Santarem June 1919. S.M. Klages. Acc. 6324/ L.W. Saylor Collection/ CASENT 8438101’ (CAS).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 6.4 mm. Elytral length: 3.9 mm. Width: 3.4 mm. Head black, dull and shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin weakly emarginated medially, not elevated, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus without terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.5. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, dull, blackish brown; widest before base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally weakly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra unicoloured, blackish brown; surface opaque and iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite row of setae denser and with longer setae, at middle interrupted by a flat impunctate discoid area; beside row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs reddish brown and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.38. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.10; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 23 (c–e).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 6.4–6.9 mm. Elytral length: 3.8–3.9 mm. Width: 3.3–3.4 mm. Body colour rather variable, from entirely yellowish to dark reddish brown.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela paschoali sp. nov. is in external and genital morphology similar to S. brasiliensis. However, the new species is much darker, the first protarsomere more strongly enlarged, and the parameres of S. paschoali are distinctly longer.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named after Paschoal C. Grossi, a Brazillian entomologist who has been making great contributions on Neotropical scarab taxonomy (noun in genitive case).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>This species does not present a common distribution, with two very disjunctive records (Figure 29 (d)). This fact leads us to suspect that (1) the species has a wide distribution with large sampling gaps, or (2) there is an error in the locality labels of at least one specimen.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2170FFACFF40FEB13DB7F969	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217FFFAFFF50FF633ABEFAB4.text	5D554F4F217FFFAFFF50FF633ABEFAB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela pseudopaca Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela pseudopaca Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 24, 31 (h), 32(i))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘Taquara Brazil Acc. No. 2966/ L.W. Saylor Collection / CASENT 8438103/ 47 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CAS).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 4.8 mm. Elytral length: 2.9 mm. Width: 2.7 mm. Head blackish brown, dull and iridescent, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.47. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin present only laterally; anterior angles produced, rectangular; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface opaque and iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae equal; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, densely setose. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.48. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/2.67; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with one tooth. External teeth of protibia indistinct; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 2/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 24 (c,d).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela pseudopaca sp. nov. is in external and genital morphology similar to S. opaca. Symmela pseudopaca sp. nov. differs by the more elongate parameres (lateral and ventral view) whose lateral margin is almost straight (dorsal view) and by the dorsal face of parameres, which is basally plain or slightly convex. In contrast, in S. opaca the parameres are more stout (lateral and ventral view) and their lateral margin is strongly concave (dorsal view); the dorsal face of parameres is basally concave.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named for its morphological similarities to S. opaca.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F217FFFAFFF50FF633ABEFAB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F217DFFAAFEBCFA843A45FB27.text	5D554F4F217DFFAAFEBCFA843A45FB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela reischei Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela reischei Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 25, 31 (i))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘ Symmela nitidula Brésil Reische 2/2/152 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (MNHN). Paratype: 1 ♂ ‘Brasilia/ Symela longula, Er. / 79 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Elytral length: 4 mm. Width: 3.3 mm. Scutellum without punctures. Elytra bicoloured, yellowish brown in major part, margins blackish; surface shiny, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.03. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/3.14; dorsal margin carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: 1.5/1; second protarsomere narrow and straight; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 25 (c–e).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 7.1 mm. Elytral length: 4–4.2 mm. Width: 3.3–3.8 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, weakly reflexed, with a rim of sparse setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, shiny, blackish brown; widest at base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela reischei sp. nov. is in external appearance similar to Symmela longula Erichson, 1835, but the body of this new species is significantly larger, and the parameres are stout and have a complicated shape, which differentiates them from all other Symmela species: at the apex they have a sharp dorsal process which is reflexed interiorly.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The new species is named after Reische, collector of the holotype specimen (noun in genitive case).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Pronotum and head of the holotype are missing. The parameres are broken in the paratype; however, based on the shape of the phallobase and the rest of the external morphology, this specimen can be clearly assigned to S. reischei.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F217DFFAAFEBCFA843A45FB27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2178FFB5FE62FB3838BAFD8C.text	5D554F4F2178FFB5FE62FB3838BAFD8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela tarsalis Moser 1919	<div><p>Symmela tarsalis Moser, 1919</p> <p>(Figures 26, 29 (d), 31(j), 32(j))</p> <p>Symmela tarsalis Moser, 1919: 9 (original description); Frey 1973: 322 (key); Evans 2003: 49; Evans and Smith 2005: 31, 2007: 31, 2009: 32 (checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Lectotype (here designated). ♂ ‘Brasilia Goyaz/ Symmela tarsalis Mos. / Typus/ Berlin’ (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 7 ♂♂ ‘Brasilia Goyaz/ Symmela tarsalis Moser / Berlin’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Jatahy / tarsalis Moser / Symmela tarsalis Mos./ Berlin’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Jatahy / Symmela tarsalis Moser / Berlin’ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ ‘ Brasilien Goyaz Jatahy Rolle V./ Symmela clypeata Er. det. G. Frey 1972/ 55 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (ZMHB).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Length: 5.6 mm. Elytral length: 3.2 mm. Width: 2.8 mm. Head black, dull and shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, not elevated, without a rim of setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, sparse. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/4. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.48. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.1; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: &lt;1/4; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/5. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, dull but iridescent, black; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc moderately dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra bicoloured, black in major part, posterior half dark; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially with half length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite very short (half as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.35. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; with longer lateral bristles, without setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at middle; ratio of width/length: 1/3.6; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at twothirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with two distinct teeth; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 2/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 26 (d,e).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2178FFB5FE62FB3838BAFD8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2167FFB0FEBDFD9C3B87FF44.text	5D554F4F2167FFB0FEBDFD9C3B87FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela terezae Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela terezae Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 27, 29 (d), 31(k))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘Poconé – Mt. 15-XII-1990 Noraney Almeida UFMT/ 37 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CEMT). Paratype: 1 ♂ ‘UFMT Cuiaba Mt. 29-X-1994 Alessandro Montoro’ (ZFMK).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 4.5 mm. Elytral length: 2.5 mm. Width: 2.2 mm. Head blackish brown, shiny and iridescent, with erect dense setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface flat; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin concavely incised behind anterior margin; punctation of surface posteriorly sparse; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation irregular, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.54. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, yellowish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/2; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 2/1 Labrum anteriorly without blunt processes. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum unicoloured, iridescent, blackish brown; widest before base, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally strongly convex, behind anterior angles convex, posteriorly weakly convex; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin present only laterally; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorsoventrally; posterior angles strongly rounded and nearly obsolete; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra unicoloured, blackish brown; surface iridescent, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.44. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at middle; ratio of width/length: 1/2.67; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines reduced to a single robust spine; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with one tooth. External teeth of protibia indistinct; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 1/2; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, as long as third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 27 (c,d).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 4.4–4.5 mm. Elytral length: 2.5–2.6 mm. Width: 2.2–2.3 mm. Elytra in paratype shortly behind middle with a yellow median spot.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela terezae sp. nov. differs from all other Symmela species by the protibia in the male having only one lateral tooth, and the strongly reflexed but subtrapezoidal labroclypeus; furthermore, the parameres possess a lateral tooth.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named after Tereza Augusta de Oliveira Lara (in memoriam), grandmother of the first author (TLP) (noun in genitive case).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2167FFB0FEBDFD9C3B87FF44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F2162FFBDFF4BFED73856FBDC.text	5D554F4F2162FFBDFF4BFED73856FBDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela unidentata Pacheco, Wipfler, Monne and Ahrens 2022	<div><p>Symmela unidentata Pacheco, Wipfler, Monné and Ahrens sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 28, 31 (l))</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype. ♂ ‘Chapada Brazil Acc. No. 2966/ L.W. Saylor Collection / Det. L.W. Saylor / CASENT 8438110/ 149 Neotropical Sericini spec.’ (CAS). Paratype: 1 ♂ ‘ Chapada Brazil Acc. No. 2966/ L.W. Saylor Collection/ Det. L.W. Saylor/ CASENT 8438109’ (ZFMK).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: 5.9 mm. Elytral length: 3.2 mm. Width: 3 mm. Head black, shiny, with erect, sparse setae. Labroclypeus as wide as frons, subtrapezoidal; surface convex; plain, without an anterior concavity on each side; anterior margin straight, strongly reflexed, with a rim of dense, short setae behind anterior margin; lateral margin not incised anteriorly; punctation of surface posteriorly dense; suture between labrum and clypeus invisible. Smooth area in front of eye distinctly separated from frons by a suture. Frons anteriorly flat, punctation even, dense. Ocular canthus with terminal setae, ratio of length of ocular canthus/eye diameter: 1/3. Eyes evenly spherical, ratio of diameter/interocular width: 0.47. Antenna with eight antennomeres. Antennal club with three antennomeres, blackish, straight; width of antennal lamella equal to width of antennomeres of funiculus; apical lamella subequal to basal and median ones; length ratio of antennal club vs remaining antennomeres combined: 1/1.5; length ratio of third vs fourth antennomere: 1/3; fourth antennomere without lateral projection; length ratio of fifth vs fourth antennomere: 1/3. Labrum anteriorly bluntly angled on each side, concave at middle. Setae on mentum moderately dense.</p> <p>Head and pronotum without copper iridescent shine. Pronotum bicoloured, shiny, black; widest at middle, width subequal to width of elytral base at humerus; anterior marginal line not interrupted medially, posterior marginal line absent; lateral margin not serrated, generally bent at middle, otherwise straight, behind anterior angles straight, posteriorly straight; setae of lateral margin sparse; basal margin evenly curved; transverse impression beside basal margin absent; anterior angles produced, sharply pointed; antero-lateral and postero-lateral angles not flattened dorso-ventrally; posterior angles blunt; surface without median longitudinal impression, transversal furrows or setae; punctation on disc dense, simple and fine, without well-defined impunctate areas. Scutellum without punctures.</p> <p>Elytra unicoloured, blackish brown; surface shiny, without setae and microsculpture; striae and intervals distinct; punctation between striae sparse, diameter of punctures compared to those of striae smaller; intervals flat; posterior edge convex; apical margin chitinous, without microtrichomes.</p> <p>Abdomen: sternites flat in sagittal plane; lateral carina absent; first visible ventrite with row of setae on posterior edge; second visible ventrite with row of setae in medial region; basal ventrites medially of same length as laterally; ultimate and penultimate apical ventrites simple and flat; apical ventrite short (as long as preceding ventrite); penultimate apical ventrite with row of setae like preceding one; beside the robust row of setae, almost glabrous. Pygidium strongly convex.</p> <p>Legs blackish and yellow. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.39. Metacoxa entirely plain, without elevated lateral longitudinal carina; without longer lateral bristles, with setae on basal surface, posterior margin glabrous. Metafemur with posterior margin straight. Metatibia widest at apex; ratio of width/length: 1/2.68; dorsal margin not carinated, smooth; interior surface more or less glabrous; median longitudinal punctation present on interior surface; interior margin of apex sharply and deeply truncate towards ventral margin; punctation on entire lateral face present; beside dorsal margin without a row of robust setae along entire length; basal group of spines comprising at least two robust spines at same level of metatibial length; distal groups of spines disposed at two-thirds of metatibia length; ventral margin not serrated. Dorsal surface of tarsi glabrous, with dense punctures. Length ratio of dorsal tibial spur/first metatarsomere: 1/2. Metatarsi at apex weakly widened; first tarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third tarsomeres combined; laterally not carinate; ventral margin serrated; ventral margin glabrous; medial face glabrous. Protibia with one tooth. External teeth of protibia indistinct; spur straight. First protarsomere straight, its length subequal to second and third combined; width ratio of first protarsomere vs second protarsomere: ca. 2/1; second protarsomere enlarged; third and fourth protarsomere elongate and narrow (distinctly longer than wide); fifth protarsomere circular in cross section, a little shorter than third and fourth protarsomere combined. Protarsal claws asymmetrical, shape of inner protarsal claw bifid, apex of basal tooth of inner protarsal claw convex.</p> <p>Aedeagus: Figure 28 (c–e).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Variation</p> <p>Length: 5.5–5.9 mm. Elytral length: 3.1–3.2 mm. Width: 2.8–3 mm. Paratype unicoloured, dark reddish brown.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Symmela unidentata sp. nov. is similar to Symmela terezae sp. nov. and shares with this species the unidentate protibia. Symmela unidentata differs by the metatibia which is widest at the apex rather than having subparallel dorsal and ventral margins in the apical half, and the paramere having in S. unidentata no lateral tooth (tooth present in S. terezae).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named after the presence of only one tooth in the protibia (adjective in nominative case).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F2162FFBDFF4BFED73856FBDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
5D554F4F216FFFBFFF1AFB4F3DB7FC29.text	5D554F4F216FFFBFFF1AFB4F3DB7FC29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Symmela Erichson 1835	<div><p>Identification key for the Symmela species (♂♂)</p> <p>1. Pronotum with longitudinal median impression. Head and pronotum with iridescent copper shine (Figure 9 (a,b))............................................................................................................ 2</p> <p>1’. Pronotum without longitudinal median impression. Head and pronotum without iridescent copper shine.................................................................................................................... 5</p> <p>2. Lateral margin of pronotum not serrated.................................................................................. 3</p> <p>2’. Lateral margin of pronotum serrated (Figure 30 (g))............................................................ 4</p> <p>3. Pronotum with two posterior transversal furrows on each side (Figure 9 (a,b)). Elytra without punctation between striae. Ventral metatarsal setae fine and short.................................................................................................................................... S. flavimana (Gory, 1832)</p> <p>3’. Pronotum without posterior transversal furrows. Elytra with punctation between striae. Ventral metatarsal setae robust and sparse, mainly in apical half of tarsomeres.................................................................................................................. S. instabilis Erichson, 1835</p> <p>4. Spur of protibia curved interiorly (Figure 32 (c))...................... S. elegans Erichson, 1835</p> <p>4’. Spur of protibia straight.......................................................................... S. martinezi sp. nov.</p> <p>5. Metacoxa with long lateral bristles (Figure 20 (b)).................................................................. 6</p> <p>5’. Metacoxa without long lateral bristles (Figure 18 (b)).......................................................... 9</p> <p>6. Punctation of labroclypeus posteriorly sparse (Figure 31 (d))............................................................................................................................................................ S. nitidicollis Burmeister, 1855</p> <p>6’. Punctation of labroclypeus posteriorly dense......................................................................... 7</p> <p>7. Parameres hooked at apex (Figure 26 (d,e)). Anterior margin of labroclypeus not elevated (Figure 31 (j)); behind anterior margin without a rim of setae...................................................................................................................................................... S. tarsalis Moser, 1919</p> <p>7’. Parameres not hooked at apex (Figure 18 (d)). Anterior margin of labroclypeus reflexed; behind anterior margin with a rim of setae (Figures 30 (k) and 31(b))....... 8</p> <p>8. Parameres half as long as phallobase excluding basal apodeme (Figure 18 (f)). Subparameres separated medially (Figure 18 (e)).............. S. mutabilis Erichson, 1835</p> <p>8’. Parameres almost subequal in length to phallobase excluding basal apodeme (Figure 11 (d)). Subparameres fused medially (Figure 11 (c))........ S. guerlini sp. nov.</p> <p>9. Metatibia widest at middle (Figure 10 (a,b))........................................................................... 10</p> <p>9’. Metatibial width at apex and middle subequal.................................................................. 11</p> <p>10. Parameres stout, much wider at base (Figure 12 (d)).............. S. iannuzziae sp. nov.</p> <p>10’. Parameres elongated, subparallel (dorsal view) (Figure 10 (d))................................................................................................................................................................... S. fuhrmanni sp. nov.</p> <p>11. Labroclypeus rectangular (Figure 30 (e))............................................................................... 12</p> <p>11’. Labroclypeus subtrapezoidal (Figure 30 (f))........................................................................ 13</p> <p>12. Labroclypeus yellowish (Figure 30 (e)). First protarsomere as long as second (Figure 32 (b))...................................................................................... S. clypeata Erichson, 1835</p> <p>12’. Labroclypeus blackish (Figure 30 (n)). First protarsomere subequal to second and third combined (Figure 32 (e)).......................................................... S. jatahyensis Frey, 1973</p> <p>13. Anterior margin of labroclypeus not reflexed.................................................................... 14</p> <p>13’. Anterior margin of labroclypeus reflexed (Figure 27 (b))............................................... 17</p> <p>14. Punctation of basal labroclypeus sparse (Figure 30 (f)).... S. corumbana Moser, 1921</p> <p>14’. Punctation of basal labroclypeus dense.............................................................................. 15</p> <p>15. Pronotum not iridescent. Parameres dorso-ventrally flattened (Figure 19 (d,e)).................................................................................................................................. S. nitida Erichson, 1835</p> <p>15’. Pronotum iridescent. Parameres subtubular (Figure 2 (d,e))........................................ 16</p> <p>16. First protarsomere weakly enlarged (see Figure 32 (a)).... S. brasiliensis Moser, 1919</p> <p>16’. First protarsomere strongly enlarged (see Figure 32 (g))........ S. paschoali sp. nov.</p> <p>17. Protibia with one tooth; if with two teeth, second tooth indistinct.......................... 18</p> <p>17. Protibia with two distinct teeth (Figure 32 (a))................................................................... 21</p> <p>18. Pronotum shiny. Elytra unicoloured, black.......................................................................... 19</p> <p>18’. Pronotum dull. Elytra bicoloured............................................................................................ 20</p> <p>19. Metatibia widest at middle (Figure 27 (b)). Paramere with lateral tooth (Figure 27 (c))................................................................................................................................ S. terezae sp. nov.</p> <p>19’. Metatibia widest at apex. Paramere without lateral tooth.. S. unidentata sp. nov.</p> <p>20. Parameres more stout (lateral and ventral view); their lateral margin strongly concave (dorsal view); dorsal face of parameres basally concave (Figure 22 (d,e)).............................................................................................................................. S. opaca Erichson, 1835 20’. Parameres more elongate (lateral and ventral view); their lateral margin almost straight (dorsal view); dorsal face of parameres basally plain or slightly convex (Figure 24 (c,d))...................................................................................... S. pseudopaca sp. nov.</p> <p>21. Parameres elongate (Figure 1 (c,d))......................................................................................... 22</p> <p>21’. Parameres stout (Figure 4 (c–e))............................................................................................... 24</p> <p>22. Parameres dorso-ventrally flattened (Figure 16 (d,e)).......... S. longula Erichson, 1835</p> <p>22’. Parameres tubular (Figure 1 (c,d))............................................................................................ 23</p> <p>23. First protarsomere a little longer than second, not enlarged...... S. beskei sp. nov.</p> <p>23’. First protarsomere longer than second, third and fourth combined, enlarged...................................................................................................................................... S. erichsoni sp. nov.</p> <p>24. Parameres trifid, distinctly divided into a dorsal and ventral lobe (Figure 4 (c,e)) 25</p> <p>24’. Parameres not trifid.................................................................................... S. reischei sp. nov.</p> <p>25. Protarsomere 5 dorso-ventrally flattened. Ventral lobe of parameres very short........................................................................................................................................... S. clarki sp. nov.</p> <p>25’. Protarsomere 5 circular in cross section. Ventral lobe of parameres as long as dorsal one......................................................................................................................................................... 26</p> <p>26. Pronotum as wide as elytra at humerus, its lateral margins evenly weakly curved (Figure 3 (a)). Body yellowish brown. Parameres at apex wider (compared to body size, or length of phallobase)................................................................ S. capixaba sp. nov.</p> <p>26. Pronotum distinctly narrower than the elytra at humerus, its lateral margins bent at middle (Figure 21 (a)). Body blackish. Parameres at apex narrower (compared to body size, or length of phallobase)............................................................ S. nunesorum sp. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D554F4F216FFFBFFF1AFB4F3DB7FC29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pacheco, Thaynara L.;Wipfler, Benedict;Monné, Marcela L.;Ahrens, Dirk	Pacheco, Thaynara L., Wipfler, Benedict, Monné, Marcela L., Ahrens, Dirk (2022): The genus Symmela Erichson, 1835 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Sericini): taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12): 607-705, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2084649
