taxonID	type	description	language	source
92B8727A6424595FB81FBE14E19F1C47.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 3 and 4	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
92B8727A6424595FB81FBE14E19F1C47.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Colombia. Caqueta: Florencia, vereda Sucre, 1076 m elev., 1 ° 47 ' 50 " N, 75 ° 38 ' 50 " W, 18 Oct 2020 [fr], F. Hoyos 049 (Holotype COL, Isotype COAH, HUA, UMNG)	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
92B8727A6424595FB81FBE14E19F1C47.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Piper hoyoscardozii W. Trujillo & M. A. Jaram. is similar to P. dryadum C. DC. (1891: 221) and P. flagellicuspe Trel. & Yunck. (1950: 59) from which it is easily distinguished by peduncles 2 - 3 cm long, spikes long-apiculate and fruit with stigmas sessile vs. peduncle 0.5 - 1 cm long, spikes not-apiculate and fruit with stigmas on a short style in P. flagellicuspe and P. dryadum.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
92B8727A6424595FB81FBE14E19F1C47.taxon	description	Description. Shrub with sarmentose branches. Internodes (1) 3 - 7 cm long, smooth, green, pubescent, trichomes pluricellular, uniseriate, 1 - 2.3 mm long, idioblasts not visible. Prophylls caducous, 1.2 - 1.5 cm long, green-whitish, pubescent, trichomes pluricellular, uniseriate, 0.2 - 1.0 mm long, dispersed on the abaxial surface, idioblasts not visible. Petioles uniform in size along all axes, 0.5 - 0.8 cm long, vaginate on the basal half, smooth and pubescent. Leaf-blades membranaceous, drying black, uniform in shape and size on all nodes, (5) 6 - 7 x (13) 15 - 17 cm, elliptic, symmetric, base cordate to rounded, apex acuminate; leaf blade smooth, pubescent on both surfaces, trichomes pluricellular, uniseriate, 0.5 - 2.3 mm long, dispersed on the adaxial surface, along first and second order nerves and dispersed on the areolas and third order nerves of the abaxial surface, eciliate; pinnately nerved from the lower 1 / 3, 2 - 3 nerves on each side, with spacing uniform or decreasing and angle increasing gradually towards the base, eucamptodromous, tertiary veins percurrent. Inflorescence and infructescence a simple spike, erect; peduncle 2 - 3 cm long, pubescent, green; rachis in flower 4 - 7 cm long, rachis in fruit 7 - 9 cm long, rachis with a 10 - 15 mm long, sterile green apical extension, fruits densely grouped along the rachis. Floral bracts cucullate, reddish in flower, triangular from above, 0.4 - 0.6 x 0.7 - 0.8 mm, glabrous on the adaxial surface, margin fimbriate, bracts forming bands around the spike. Flowers with four stamens, filaments 0.6 - 0.8 mm long, anthers 0.4 - 0.6 x 0.5 - 0.7 mm, longitudinally dehiscent, dithecous, with connective not protruding, glabrate, idioblasts not evident, black when dried. Sessile stigmas. Fruits rectangular, laterally compressed, green when alive and black when dry, 0.9 - 1.2 x 1.5 - 1.9 mm, pubescent, partially immersed in the rachis, with persistent sessile stigmas, 0.05 - 0.1 mm. Seeds oblong, laterally compressed, brown, smooth, 0.8 - 1 x 0.8 - 1.1 mm.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
92B8727A6424595FB81FBE14E19F1C47.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Piper hoyoscardozii is a shade-loving sarmentose shrub that grows on trees and rocks. It is known from the Amazonian slope of the Andes in southern Colombia and Ecuador, between 1000 - 1500 m in elevation (Fig. 2).	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
92B8727A6424595FB81FBE14E19F1C47.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species name is dedicated to Fernando Hoyos Cardozo, a great companion during our floristic explorations of the Amazonian foothills and who collected the type specimen of this species in Caqueta.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
92B8727A6424595FB81FBE14E19F1C47.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Piper hoyoscardozii is a sarmentose shrub, a habit not commonly observed amongst Piper species in the study region (eastern slope of the Andes). The phylogeny (Fig. 1) places P. hoyoscardozii sister to other climbing Piper species occurring on the western slope of the Andes and wetter parts of Mesoamerica. Here we provide a comparative table for the climbing Piper species included in the phylogeny (Table 2). P. hoyoscardozii is easily differentiated because its spikes (in flower and fruit) have a long peduncle and a long apiculate apex.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
92B8727A6424595FB81FBE14E19F1C47.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Colombia: Caqueta, Florencia, vereda Tarqui, monumento Divino Nino, 1570 m elev., 1 ° 50 ' 0.3 " N, 75 ° 39 ' 52.8 " W, 30 Aug 2020 [fl], W. Trujillo & F. Hoyos 4120 (COAH, UMNG).; vereda Tarqui, quebrada Tarqui, 1530 m elev., 1 ° 50 ' 28 " N, 75 ° 39 ' 42 " W, 20 Aug 2020 [42], W. Trujillo 4099 (COAH); corregimiento El Carano, vereda Sucre. 1076 m elev., 1 ° 47 ' 50.8 " N, 75 ° 38 ' 50.5 " W, 8 Jul 2014 [fl], W. Trujillo 3130 (COAH); vereda Sucre, Finca campamento Sucre. 1 ° 46 ' 52 " N, 75 ° 39 ' 5.1 " W. 1050 m elev,. 5 Jul 2012 [fl]. W. Trujillo & C. Malambo 2400; vereda Sucre, via antigua Florencia-Huila, 1 ° 47 ' 50.8 " N, 75 ° 38 ' 50.3 " W, 1000 m elev., 24 Sep 2020 [fl], F. Hoyos 042 (COAH). Ecuador. Napo, Parque Nacional Sumaco-Galeras, 0 ° 50 ' S, 77 ° 34 ' W, 1090 m elev., 27 Oct 2005 [fr], J. Homeier & M. A. Chinchero 2000 (MO).	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
138BB73E0D575BDD893D64DB4B7025B4.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 5 and 6	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
138BB73E0D575BDD893D64DB4B7025B4.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Colombia. Caqueta, municipio de San Jose del Fragua, ronda de bosque cerca al balneario Villa Collazos sobre el rio Fragua, 1 ° 20 ' 04 " N, 75 ° 59 ' 28 " W, 395 m elev., 14 May 2020, M. Angulo 1550 (Holotype COL, Isoptype COAH, HUA, HUAZ, UMNG).	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
138BB73E0D575BDD893D64DB4B7025B4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Piper indiwasii W. Trujillo & M. A. Jaram. can be distinguished from P. scutilimbum C. DC. (1920 a: 242) by many attributes. Piper indiwasii has 1 - 1.7 cm long petioles, 7 - 8 pairs of secondary veins and a narrowly spatulate leaf base extension, 0.4 - 0.9 (1.5) cm wide, vs. P. scutilimbum, which has a 4 - 6 cm long petioles, 10 - 12 secondary veins and an obtuse and rounded leaf-base extension, 2.5 - 4 cm wide. Piper indiwasii occurs in the Amazon watershed, on the eastern foothills of the Andes, while P. scutilimbum occurs west of the Andes in Panama and extends to Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
138BB73E0D575BDD893D64DB4B7025B4.taxon	description	Description. Shrub, up to 2 m tall. Internodes 2 - 4 (5) cm, canaliculate, green, glabrous. Prophylls not seen. Petioles are uniform in size along all axes, 1 - 1.7 cm long, vaginate along their entire length, canaliculate, glabrous. Leaf-blades coriaceous, drying grey to brown, uniform in size along all axes, (4.5) 6 - 8.5 x (11) 14 - 18 cm, elliptic, symmetric, leaf-base peltate, symmetric, with a narrowly spatulate extension, 0.4 - 0.9 x (0.5) 1 - 2.3 (2.5) cm, the leaf-base extension covering the petiole on sympodial nodes and orientated towards the axis on monopodial nodes, apex acuminate; leaf-blade glabrous on both surfaces, eciliate; pinnately nerved throughout, the nerves 7 - 8 on each side, brochidodromous, with spacing decreasing towards the base and angle uniform throughout, tertiary veins random reticulate. Inflorescences and infructescences a solitary spike, erect; peduncle 0.9 - 1.5 cm long, glabrous, green; rachis length in fruit (5) 6 - 20 cm, fruits loosely grouped along the rachis. Floral bracts cucullate, triangular from above, 0.3 - 0.5 x 0.5 - 0.8 mm, glabrous on the adaxial surface, margin eciliate, not forming bands around the spike. Flowers with three stamens, filaments 0.5 - 0.8 mm long, anthers 0.3 - 0.5 x 0.2 - 0.3 mm long, longitudinally dehiscent, dithecous, with connective not protruding, glabrate, idioblasts not evident; stigmas 3, 0.05 - 1.5 mm long, sessile. Fruits obpyriform, green when alive and brown when dry, 0.6 - 0.8 x 0.9 - 1.2 mm, glabrous, partially immersed in the rachis, with stigmas persistent, 0.05 - 1.5 mm long, sessile. Seeds obpyriform, black.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
138BB73E0D575BDD893D64DB4B7025B4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Piper indiwasii is known from the Amazonian slopes of the Andes in Colombia (Departments of Putumayo, Caqueta and Guaviare), Ecuador (Provinces of Guayas, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza and Sucumbios) and Peru (Provinces of Amazonas), from 200 to 1,608 m elevation (Fig. 2). It occurs in lowland (sometimes along riverbanks) and lower montane forests. It is a shade-loving species that grows in the understorey and the edges of trails of preserved forests.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
138BB73E0D575BDD893D64DB4B7025B4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Piper indiwasii is named after the Inga word meaning " House of the Sun ". Ingas or Inganos are an indigenous group belonging to the Quechua linguistic family. The Ingas of the Amazon foothills are made up of migratory groups from the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazon, the Mocoas and some survivors of the Andaquies. The clans are united by their location, cosmovision and the culture of " yaje " (Banisteriopsis caapi). Furthermore, the type specimen of this species was collected in the Alto Fragua Indi-Wasi National Park, located in San Jose del Fragua, Caqueta-Colombia.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
138BB73E0D575BDD893D64DB4B7025B4.taxon	discussion	Discussion. After reviewing the specimens identified as P. scutilimbum from Panama and northern Colombia vs. specimens from the eastern (Amazonian) Andes slope in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru (Fig. 2), we found a consistent difference in the leaf base shape between collections from both regions. The obtuse and rounded leaf base extension of the type specimen from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta coincides with that of specimens collected in Panama in contrast to the narrowly spatulate base extension seen in P. indiwasi. The leaf base shape, combined with other morphological characters and geographical distribution, clearly allows Piper indiwasii to be proposed as a new species. We provide a comparative table of morphological characters for species of Piper with peltate leaves that belong to the Oxodium clade (see Table 3).	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
138BB73E0D575BDD893D64DB4B7025B4.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Colombia. Caqueta, San Jose del Fragua, ronda de bosque cerca al balneario Villa Collazos sobre el rio Fragua, 1 ° 20 ' 04 " N, 75 ° 59 ' 28 " W, 400 m elev., 29 Jun 2011 [fr], W. Trujillo et al. 1999 (COAH); Belen de los Andaquies, vereda las verdes, cerro Monserrate, entrada por dos quebradas, 1 ° 36 ' 38 " N, 75 ° 53 ' 23 " W, 700 m elev., 24 Jun 2011 [fr], W. Trujillo et al. 1990 (COAH); Belen de los Andaquies, Parque Natural Municipal Andaqui, cabeceras del rio pescado, 1 ° 41 ' 52 " N, 75 ° 54 ' 15 " W, 1608 m elev., 25 Jan 2017 [fr], N. Castano et al. 8734 (COAH, HUA); Belen de los Andaquies, Parque Natural Municipal Andaqui, sector entre filo seco y la bocana de la quebrada las verdes, 1 ° 37 ' 13 " N, 75 ° 53 ' 46 " W, 600 - 800 m elev., 7 Feb 2017 [fr], N. Castano et al. 9659 (COAH, HUA); Florencia, vereda Damas Arriba, finca el Mirador, 1 ° 37 ' 56 " N, 75 ° 41 ' 49 " W, 750 m elev., 14 Feb 2002 [fr], M. Correa et al. 2853 (COAH, UDBC); Guaviare, El Retorno, cerca del Retorno, granja de la Corporacion Araracuara, zona ligeramente disectada, bosque intervenido, 1 Mar 1994 [fl], P. Stevenson 1168 (COAH); Putumayo, Villagarzon, corregimiento la Castellana, vereda la Pradera, finca el Cairo, bosque intervenido a borde de quebrada, 0 ° 52 ' 23 " N, 76 ° 45 ' 27 " W, 600 m elev., 10 Dec 1999 [fr], C. Marin & D. Cardenas 1997 (COAH); Villagarzon, vereda la Kofaina, 1 ° 01 ' 00 " N, 77 ° 17 ' 00 " W, 550 - 700 m elev., 2 Sep 1993 [fr], A. Cogollo et al. 6830 (COAH, JAUM, MO); Ecuador. Napo, Estacion Biologica Jatun Sacha, 1 ° 04 ' 00 " S, 77 ° 37 ' 00 " W, 450 m elev., 10 Oct 2007 [fr], J. Homeier et al. 2834 (MO, QCA, QCNE, GOET); Estacion Biologica Jatun Sacha, rio Napo, 8 km debajo de Misahualli, 1 ° 04 ' 00 " S, 77 ° 36 ' 00 " W, 450 m elev., 17 Jan - 6 Feb 1987 [fr], C. Ceron 638 (MO, HUA); Estacion Biologica Jatun Sacha, rio Napo, 8 km debajo de Misahualli, 1 ° 04 ' 00 " S, 77 ° 36 ' 00 " W, 450 m elev., 19 - 28 Mar 1987 [fr], C. Ceron 1063 (HUA, MO); 9 km rio debajo de puerto Misahualli y 2 km al sur de la cuenca del rio Chinguipino, 1 ° 05 ' 00 " S, 77 ° 36 ' 00 " W, 430 m elev., 10 Mar 1985 [fr], D. Neill et al. 6054 (ECUAMZ, HUA, MO, NY, QCNE, US); Tena, Estacion Biologica Jatun Sacha, rio Napo, 8 km E of puerto Misahualli, 1 ° 04 ' 00 " S, 77 ° 36 ' 00 " W, 400 m elev., 18 May 1985 [fr], W. Palacios 421 (AAU, HUA, MO, NY, QCNE, US); Tena, Estacion Biologica Jatun Sacha, along S bank of rio Napo, 8 km E of puerto Misahualli, 1 ° 04 ' 00 " S, 77 ° 36 ' 00 " W, 450 m elev., 1 Apr 1992, T. Croat 73366 (HUA, MO) [fr]; along road between Tena and Puyo, 61.5 km N of Puyo, 1 ° 11 ' 36 " S, 77 ° 52 ' 34 " W, 500 m elev., 22 Dec 1979 [fl], T. Croat 49657 (MO); Archidona, Parque Nacional Galeras a 1.5 km de la comunidad Santa Rosa de Arapino, 00 ° 51 ' 00 " S, 77 ° 31 ' 00 " W, 1230 m elev., 3 Apr 1996 [fr], H. Vargas & P. Grefa 951 (HUA, MO, QCNE); San Jose de Payamino 40 km W of Coca, 00 ° 30 ' S, 77 ° 20 ' W, 26 Apr 1984 [fl], D. Irvine & H. Jipa 959 (F, QCA); 1 May 1984, D. Irvine & L. Cejua 1125 (F, MO, QCA); Sucumbios, Dureno, comunidad Cofan al sur del rio Aguarico, 20 km al este de Lago Agrio, 00 ° 05 ' 00 " N, 76 ° 40 ' 00 " W, 350 m elev., 27 Dec 1988 [fr], C. Ceron et al. 5824 (MO, HUA); Dureno, comunidad Cofan al sur del rio Aguarico, 20 km al este de Lago Agrio, 00 ° 05 ' 00 " N, 76 ° 40 ' 00 " W, 350 m elev., 27 Dec 1988 [fr], C. Ceron et al. 5827 (MO, HUA); Francisco de Orellana, Orellana, comunidad Shuar Tiguano al sur del Coca por la via al Pindo, 00 ° 44 ' 58 " S, 76 ° 46 ' 55 " W, 300 m elev., 6 - 12 May 2004 [fl], W. Guerrero & A. Herrera 171 (MO, QCNE); Orellana, comunidad Shuar Tiguano al sur del Coca por la via al Pindo, 00 ° 44 ' 58 " S, 76 ° 46 ' 55 " W, 300 m elev., 11 May 2004 [fr], A. Herrera & W. Guerrero 288 (MO, QCNE); Parque Nacional Yasuni, Rio Tiputini al noroeste de la confluencia con el Rio Tivacuno, este de la carretera Repsol-YPF, km 32 hacia NPF, Sendero Botanico Guiyero, 00 ° 38 ' S, 76 ° 30 ' W, 200 - 300 m elev., 26 Feb 2002 [fr], G. Villa 1350 (F, QCA, US); Peru. Amazonas, Condorcanqui, Santiago, Cerros Kampankis, Serrania entre los Rios Santiago y Morona, desde Rio Maranon hasta frontera con Ecuador, Campamento 1: Pongo Shenin, 03 ° 07 ' 01.52 " S, 77 ° 46 ' 55.14 " W, 520 m elev., 3 Aug 2011 [fr], I. Huamantupa 15217 (USM, F).	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
6726D4AE2BBF55149CAEA0CC4C3EAF5D.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 7 and 8	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
6726D4AE2BBF55149CAEA0CC4C3EAF5D.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Colombia, Caqueta; Florencia, corregimiento el Carano, vereda Sucre, 01 ° 47 ' 50.8 " N, 75 ° 38 ' 50.5 " W, 1020 m elev., 25 Oct 2020 [fr], F. Hoyos & W. Trujillo 046 (Holotype COL, Isotype COAH, UMNG, HUAZ, HUA)	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
6726D4AE2BBF55149CAEA0CC4C3EAF5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Piper nokaidoyitau W. Trujillo & M. A. Jaram., can be separated from the similar species P. hostmannianum (Miq.) C. DC. (1869: 287), by its prophylls up to 2.4 cm long, leaves 12 - 20 cm long vs. prophylls 2.8 - 3.5 cm long, leaves 21 - 26 cm long in P. hostmannianum.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
6726D4AE2BBF55149CAEA0CC4C3EAF5D.taxon	description	Description. Shrub up to 3 m tall; internodes (2.5 -) 3 - 4.5 cm long, canaliculate superficially, green, glabrous. Prophylls 2.8 - 3.2 cm long, green, glabrous, caducous, swollen in the basal portion (observable in live plants). Petioles uniform in size along all nodes, (0.7 -) 1 - 1.2 (- 1.5) cm long, sheathing at the base, smooth, glabrous. Leaf-blades coriaceous, drying black, uniform in shape and size along all axes, (4.5 -) 5 - 8 x (18) 21 - 26 cm, ovate, asymmetric, base rounded, glabrous on both surfaces, eciliate; pinnately nerved throughout, 4 - 5 ascending nerves on each side, eucamptodromous, with spacing decreasing and angle increasing towards the base, tertiary veins random, reticulate; apex acuminate. Inflorescences simple spikes, erect; peduncle 1 - 1.5 cm long, glabrous, green; rachis (7.5) 10 - 12 x 0.3 cm in flower, 11 - 13 x 0.4 - 0.5 cm in fruit, flowers densely grouped along the rachis, forming bands around the spike. Floral bracts cucullate, heart-shaped from above, 0.2 - 0.35 x 0.4 - 0.7 mm, glabrous centrally on the abaxial surface, margin densely fimbriate. Flowers with three stamens, filaments 0.3 - 0.5 mm long, anthers 0.1 - 0.25 x 0.2 - 0.3 mm, transversally dehiscent, dithecous, with connective not protruding, glabrate, idioblasts not evident, colour black when dried; stigmas 3, 0.1 - 0.25 mm long, sessile. Fruits obpyriform in side view and triangular from above, green when alive, black when dry, 0.5 - 0.7 x 0.8 - 0.9 mm, glabrous, partially immersed in the rachis, with stigmas sessile and persistent.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
6726D4AE2BBF55149CAEA0CC4C3EAF5D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Piper nokaidoyitau is known from the lower montane forests in the eastern slopes of the Andes in Colombia, ca. 1,100 m elevation (Fig. 2), the Department of Caqueta. It is a shade-loving species that grows in the understorey of preserved forest.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
6726D4AE2BBF55149CAEA0CC4C3EAF5D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Piper nokaidoyitau is named after the Huitoto name for Piper plants, " Nokaido yitau ". It means " the powers of the toucan " because these are sacred and medicinal plants used against fever, body and headaches and as anti-inflammatories.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
6726D4AE2BBF55149CAEA0CC4C3EAF5D.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. Colombia. Caqueta, municipio de Florencia: corregimiento El Carano, vereda El Carano, finca Las Brisas, 01 ° 44 ' 14.7 " N, 75 ° 40 ' 35.3 " W, 1116 m elev., 18 Oct 2013 [fl], W. Trujillo et al. 3005 (COL); Corregimiento El Carano, finca Las Brisas, 01 ° 44 ' 14.7 " N, 75 ° 40 ' 35.3 " W, 1116 m elev., 18 Oct 2013 [fl], W. Trujillo et al. 3022 (COL); Municipio de Belen de los Andaquies: rio Pescado, Parque Natural Andaqui, sector sur, 01 ° 36 ' 31 " N, 75 ° 55 ' 16 " W, 950 m elev., 25 Jun 2013, W. Trujillo et al. 2791 (HUAZ). Cauca. Municipio de Piamonte, corregimiento de Miraflor, vereda La Florida, camino a la reserva La Cristalina, 01 ° 04 ' 59.6 " N, 76 ° 28 ' 08.2 " W, 1146 m elev., 06 Jan 2021 [fr], E. Trujillo et al. 7249 (CUVC, JBB).	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
4BAD96EB87635066959F55F6618FD24D.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 9 and 10	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
4BAD96EB87635066959F55F6618FD24D.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Colombia, Caqueta, Belen de los Andaquies, corredor resguardo La Cerinda, PNN Alto Fragua Indiguazi, etnia Embera Katio, 1 ° 36 ' 08.6 " N, 75 ° 51 ' 49.1 " W, 470 m elev., 03 Oct 2007, W. Trujillo et al. 905 (Holotype COAH, Isotype HUAZ).	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
4BAD96EB87635066959F55F6618FD24D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Piper velae W. Trujillo & M. A. Jaram. can be distinguished from the related species P. holdridgeanum W. C. Burger by its elliptic leaves with cordulate leaf bases at all nodes, petioles 0.8 - 1.5 cm long, fruits cylindrical and pubescent vs. leaves cordate to elliptical with leaf bases that are rounded at fertile nodes and cordate at sterile nodes, petioles that are variable in size from 1 - 5 cm long, fruits rounded and glabrous in P. holdridgeanum. It can be separated from similar species P. cornifolium Kunth (1815 [1816]: 52) because it has leaves pinnately nerved in the lower half of the blade and pubescent fruits vs. leaves pinnately nerved in the lower third of the blade and glabrous fruits in P. cornifolium.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
4BAD96EB87635066959F55F6618FD24D.taxon	description	Description. Shrub up to 1.5 m tall. Internodes 2 - 8.5 cm long, smooth, green, tomentulose, idioblasts not evident. Prophylls 1.2 - 2 cm long whitish, tomentulose, caducous. Petioles variable along all axes; on monopodial axes 1 - 1.5 cm long, vaginate to 3 / 4 of the length, smooth, tomentulose; on sympodial axes 0.8 - 1.2 cm long, vaginate at the base, smooth, tomentulose. Leaf-blades coriaceous, drying black, uniform in shape and size along all axes, 6 - 7 (11) x 12 - 15 (19) cm, elliptic, symmetric, base cordulate, basal extension asymmetrical; leaf blade smooth, tomentulose on the abaxial surface and glabrous adaxially, eciliate; pinnately nerved from the lower half, 4 - 5 ascending nerves on each side, festooned brochidodromous, with spacing decreasing and angle increasing towards the base, tertiary veins percurrent; apex acuminate. Inflorescences and infructescence a solitary spike, terminal, erect; peduncle 0.8 - 1.5 cm long, tomentulose, green; rachis in flower not seen, rachis in fruit 6 - 8.5 cm long, fruits densely grouped along the rachis. Floral bracts cucullate, triangular from above, 0.15 - 0.25 x 0.3 - 0.4 mm, glabrous on the adaxial surface, margin fimbriate, not forming bands around the spike. Flowers with four stamens, filaments 0.2 - 0.4 mm long, anthers 0.2 - 0.3 x 0.15 - 0.25 mm, longitudinally dehiscent, dithecous, shorter than filament, with connective not protruding, glabrate, idioblasts not evident, colour not seen. Stigmas 3, on a short style. Fruits cylindrical, laterally compressed, green when alive and black to brown when dry, 0.8 - 1.2 x 1 - 1.3 mm, pubescent on the tip, partially immersed in the rachis, with stigmas persistent, 0.07 - 0.12 mm long, on a short style, 0.1 - 0.3 mm long. Seeds 0.4 - 0.6 x 0.9 - 1.1 mm, rectangular, laterally compressed, obtuse, black.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
4BAD96EB87635066959F55F6618FD24D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Piper velae occurs in the eastern slopes of the Andes, from 250 - 1,500 m in elevation, spreading from wet lowland to wet premontane forests. It occurs in the Colombian Departments of Caqueta, Meta, Cauca and Putumayo. In lowland forests, it occurs in dense terra firme forests. In premontane forests, it grows mostly on moderate slopes, sometimes occurring on steep slopes and rocky substrates. It is a shade-loving species, growing in the understorey and it is also found in forest gaps.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
4BAD96EB87635066959F55F6618FD24D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Piper velae is named in honour of Huber Fernando Vela, M. D., a social and environmental leader of Caqueta who was murdered in 2021. Dr Vela and sponsored Piper collections by WT during 2020. Huber Fernando was the leader of the Nature Reserve Romi Kumu, where 30 ha of forest were restored in 2020. The type specimen of P. velae occurs in the region that Dr Vela loved and helped conserve and restore.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
4BAD96EB87635066959F55F6618FD24D.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Piper velae can be confused with P. cornifolium, because of its cordulate leaf base; however, these taxa are distinguished, based on the leaf venation pattern and fruit pubescence (see Table 5). We also compare P. velae to closely-related P. holdridgeanum; further studies will help us corroborate this relationship and find morphological similarities.	en	Trujillo, William, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres, Toro, Diego A., Jaramillo, M. Alejandra (2022): New Piper species from the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern South America. PhytoKeys 206: 25-48, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.206.75971
