identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F96A8786D548FFFAFF31FD68D478BB90.text	F96A8786D548FFFAFF31FD68D478BB90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoechinorhynchus (Hebesoma) colastinense Arredondo & Gil de Pertierra 2012	<div><p>Neoechinorhynchus (Hebesoma) colastinense n. sp.</p> <p>Figs 1-8, 10, 13, 16, 19</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype MANC-Pa No. 517/1 (male); allotype MANC-Pa No. 517/2 (female) and paratypes, MANC-Pa No. 517/3 (4 females) and MHNG INVE 79181 (1 male and 2 females) from Pachyurus bonariensis; Colastiné River, Santa Fe Province, Argentina.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY: The species is named after the type locality and means “from Colastiné.”</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>General (based on 10 specimens: 2 males, 7 gravid females and 1 juvenile female with ovarian balls used for SEM): Eoacanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae, with the characters of the genus Neoechinorhynchus and subgenus Hebesoma Van Cleave, 1928 (sensu Salgado-Maldonado, 1978; Amin, 2002). Fresh individuals white. Worms small. Trunk cylindrical, elongated, swollen anteriorly, curved ventrally, with 5 dorsal and one ventral giant nuclei, dorsal and ventral body wall similar in thickness (Figs 1, 2). Entire epidermal surface porous (Fig. 19). Sexual dimorphism usually inconspicuous. Proboscis spherical, wider than long (Fig. 3), with prominent apical organ (Fig. 10). Proboscis hooks in 3 circles of 6 hooks each. Hooks in anterior circle largest, alternating in two levels, separated from more posterior circles of hooks but sometimes surpassing the hooks of the middle and posterior circles, with simple roots directed posteriorly. Hooks of the middle and posterior circles much smaller than those of the anterior circle, with orbicular roots (Figs 3, 13). Neck relatively long, broader at base (Figs 1, 10, 16). Proboscis receptacle long, single-walled, extending for a short distance into the trunk when specimens are relaxed (Figs 1, 10); cerebral ganglion pyramidal-shaped situated near posterior end of receptacle (Figs 4, 10). Lemnisci subequal, digitiform, longer than proboscis receptacle, double-nucleated lemnisci usually slightly longer than single-nucleated lemnisci (Figs 1, 2, 4). Genital pore terminal in males and slightly subterminal in females (Figs 1, 2, 5).</p> <p>Male: Trunk 2.6-3.2 mm (n = 2) long, 0.6-0.7 mm wide, LWR 5:1 (Fig. 2). Proboscis 90-110 (n = 2) long, 120-130 wide. Length of proboscis hooks in anterior circle 80-95 (85; n = 4), in middle circle 40-45 (n = 2), in posterior circle 15-20 (n = 2); roots not measured. Apical organ 100 long (n = 1), 60 wide. Neck 285-300 (n = 2) long. Proboscis receptacle 350-360 (n = 2) long, 145-150 wide; cerebral ganglion 100-105 (n = 2) long, 35-70 wide. Lemnisci 815-1110 (975; n = 4) long, 150-200 (165) wide. Reproductive system approximately fills the trunk, testes overlap lemnisci, 2.1- 2.5 mm (n = 2) in length, occupying 78-81% (79%) of total length. Testes oval, in tandem, overlapping, about equal in size but anterior testis slightly larger, 450-560 (n = 2) long, 300 wide, than posterior 365-530 (n = 2) long, 290-320 wide. Cement gland ovoid, about same size as testes, overlapping posterior testes, 480-535 (n = 2) long, 315-340 wide, with ovoid cement reservoir 280-300 (n = 2) long, 200-245 wide. Saefftigen’s pouch 450-485 (n = 2) long, 120-165 wide. Penis 60-90 (n = 2) long, 30-50 wide. Bursa 420-460 (n = 2) long, 210 wide, with two bursal pockets (Fig. 2).</p> <p>*Type host **Type locality</p> <p>Female: Trunk 3.3-4.3 mm (3.9; n = 7) long, 0.6-0.8 mm (0.7) wide, LWR 5-6:1 (Fig. 1). Proboscis 115-140 (130; n = 4) long, 160-170 (165) wide. Length of proboscis hooks in anterior circle 100-115 (105; n = 7), in middle circle 40-55 (45; n =7), in posterior circle 20-45 (35; n = 7); length of hook roots in anterior circle 50-60 (55; n = 6), in middle circle 10-20 (15; n = 6), in posterior circle 5-15 (10; n = 6). Apical organ 95-120 (105; n = 5) long, 55-85 (75) wide. Neck 36-475 (440; n = 3) long, 205- 210 (n = 2) wide. Proboscis receptacle 435-475 (455; n = 7) long, 140-170 (155) wide; cerebral ganglion 95-150 (120; n = 7) long, 45-60 (55) wide. Lemnisci 775-1245 (1065; n = 14) long, 145-190 (175) wide (Figs 1, 4). Reproductive system length 1.15- 1.35 mm (1.25; n = 7), occupying 27-39% (32%) of total trunk length. Uterine bell 300-600 (435; n = 6) long, 50-100 (75) wide; uterus elongated 580-700 (660; n = 7) long, 80-115 (100) wide; vagina 160-200 (185; n = 7) long, 55-65 (60) wide (Figs 1, 5). Eggs elongated, outer membrane 40-65 (60; n = 10) long, 10-20 (15) wide; fertilization membrane with polar prolongations 40-55 (50; n = 10) long, 10-15 (11) wide; acanthor 30-40 (35; n = 10) long, 8-13 (9) wide; larval hooks 2-4 (3; n = 13) long (Figs 6-8).</p> <p>DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: The new species is characterized by the following combination of features: a cylindrical trunk, elongated and swollen anteriorly; a spherical proboscis with a prominent apical organ; an anterior circle of hooks very large, sometimes overlapping the middle and posterior circles of hooks; a relatively long neck; a male reproductive system occupying 78-81% (79%) of the total trunk length; a female reproductive system occupying 27%-39% (32%) of the trunk length; and elongated eggs with polar prolongations of fertilization membrane.</p> <p>The eggs dispersed in the trunk cavity show different developmental stages of the polar prolongations of the fertilization membrane, from eggs without prolongations to eggs with prolongations not fully developed (Figs 6, 7). All the eggs measured in this description, which were those ripe and spontaneously laid during the fixation of adults, had such prolongations (Fig. 8).</p> <p>Neoechinorhynchus (H.) colastinense sp. n. differs from all the South American neoechinorhynchids because it belongs to the subgenus Hebesoma (egg with polar prolongations of the fertilization membrane) (sensu Salgado-Maldonado, 1978; Amin, 2002), and by the large percentage of trunk cavity occupied by the female reproductive system (32%).</p> <p>Only twelve of the more than ninety species of Neoechinorhynchus were placed on the subgenus Hebesoma, including species parasites of fishes and turtles from North America, Asia and India (Amin, 2002; Amin &amp; Muzzall, 2009). Using Aminś key (see Amin, 2002), it is possible to discriminate the new species from the following North American species belonging to Hebesoma from fishes: N. (H.) agilis (Rudolphi, 1819) (with holarctic distribution), N. (H.) carinatus Buckner &amp; Buckner, 1993, N. (H.) didelphis Amin, 2001, N. (H.) doryphorus Van Cleave &amp; Bangham, 1949, N. (H.) idahoensis Amin &amp; Heckmann, 1992, N. (H.) pungitius Dechtiar, 1971, and N. (H.) rostratus Amin &amp; Bullock, 1998. Neoechinorhynchus (H.) colastinense sp. n. differs from N. (H.) agilis by having a shorter trunk length (2.6-4.3 versus up to 11.2) and the number of giant hypodermal nuclei (5 dorsal and one ventral versus 6 dorsal and two ventral); from N. (H.) carinatus and N. (H.) doryphorus by the length of the anterior circle of hooks (same length versus lateral anterior hooks longer than other hooks in the same circle); from N. (H.) didelphis by having a single uterine bell and the lack of neck girdle; from N. (H.) idahoensis by the length of hooks in anterior and middle circles (anterior circle of hooks much larger than the middle circle versus anterior and middle circles of similar length); from N. (H.) pungitius by having a larger proboscis in males and females (90-110 long, 120-130 wide and 115-140 long, 160-170 wide versus 57-90 long, 79-95 wide and 63-90 long, 84-118 wide), and the polar prolongations of fertilization membrane not extending to the outer shell; and from N. (H.) rostratus by having hooks rooted in all circles (versus only the anterior circle rooted). The new species differs from N. (H.) tenellus (Van Cleave, 1913), recently placed in Hebesoma (sensu Amin &amp; Muzzall, 2009), mainly by having a longer neck (versus short), and a greater percentage of the trunk cavity occupied by the female reproductive system (32% versus 12%, respectively).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F96A8786D548FFFAFF31FD68D478BB90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Arredondo, Nathalia J.;Gil de Pertierra, Alicia A.	Arredondo, Nathalia J., Gil de Pertierra, Alicia A. (2012): A new species of Neoechinorhynchus (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Pachyurus bonariensis (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) from the Paraná River basin in Argentina, with comments on two other species of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 119 (4): 425-439, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.150202
F96A8786D54DFFF5FF2EFBA0D549BC76.text	F96A8786D54DFFF5FF2EFBA0D549BC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) macronucleatus Machado Filho 1954	<div><p>Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) macronucleatus Machado Filho, 1954</p> <p>Figs 11, 14, 17</p> <p>MATERIAL STUDIED: MANC-Pa No. 518/1-2 (2 females) from Lycengraulis grossidens; Paraná-Guazú River, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina.</p> <p>REMARKS: Machado Filho (1954) briefly described this species from the intestine of Licengraulis sp. from Brazil. Later, Fabio (1983) recorded one male specimen from Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) also from Brazil. In Argentina, only five juvenile females were recovered from L. grossidens. The specimens are easily recognized because they have a cylindrical proboscis, the hooks of the anterior circle larger and stouter than the hooks in the middle and posterior circles, four prominent giant nuclei pre-equatorially situated in the dorsal body wall and lemnisci much longer than the proboscis receptacle.</p> <p>In addition, minor differences were recorded in the measures of some characters while others were recorded for the first time: proboscis 110-135 (n = 2) long, 95- 110 wide; length of hooks in anterior circle 40-50 (45; n = 4), in middle circle 25-35 (30; n = 4), in posterior circle 15-25 (20; n = 4); length of hook roots in anterior circle 40-50 (45; n = 4), in middle circle 5-15 (10; n = 3), in posterior circle 5 (n = 3); apical organ 65-75 (n = 2) long, 25 wide; proboscis receptacle 435-560 (n = 2) long, 110-125 wide; cerebral ganglion oval-shaped, situated near posterior end of receptacle 105-130 (n = 2) long, 50-65 wide (Figs 11, 14, 17). The presence of an apical organ, cerebral ganglion and roots of hooks in middle and posterior circle are recorded for the first time, and this is the first study of N. (N.) macronucleatus using SEM.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F96A8786D54DFFF5FF2EFBA0D549BC76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Arredondo, Nathalia J.;Gil de Pertierra, Alicia A.	Arredondo, Nathalia J., Gil de Pertierra, Alicia A. (2012): A new species of Neoechinorhynchus (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Pachyurus bonariensis (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) from the Paraná River basin in Argentina, with comments on two other species of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 119 (4): 425-439, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.150202
F96A8786D542FFF7FF31FBC5D6EEBB30.text	F96A8786D542FFF7FF31FBC5D6EEBB30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) pimelodi Brasil-Sato & Pavanelli 1998	<div><p>Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) pimelodi Brasil-Sato &amp; Pavanelli, 1998</p> <p>Figs 9, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21</p> <p>MATERIAL STUDIED: MANC-Pa No. 519/1 (3 males and 5 females) from P. albicans; MANC-Pa No. 519/2 (2 females) from P. argenteus; and MANC-Pa No. 519/3 (6 males and 7 females) from P. maculatus; Colastiné River, Sante Fe Province, Argentina.</p> <p>REMARKS: This species was originally described by Brasil-Sato &amp; Pavanelli (1998) from Pimelodus maculatu s and later from Franciscodoras marmoratus (Lütken, 1874) (Siluriformes: Doradidae) by Santos &amp; Brasil-Sato (2004), both from São Francisco River in Brazil. In Argentina, this species was found in the type host P. maculatus and also in two previously unrecorded hosts, P. albicans and P. argenteus; all of the hosts belong to the Pimelodidae. This is also the first record of this species from the Paraná River basin. The SEM studies on this species made by Brasil-Sato &amp; Pavanelli (1998) showed only the copulatory bursa, but herein we include the proboscis, anterior trunk extremity, and the porous tegumental surface (Figs 15, 18, 20, 21).</p> <p>The specimens from Argentina are larger than those from Brazil. Some of the differences recorded in males and females are, for example, length of trunk (2.8-6.3 mm and 2.2-6.8 mm, respectively), proboscis dimensions (115-175 long, 120-195 wide and 135-175 long, 130-200 wide, respectively), proboscis receptacle length (450-635 and 450-630, respectively) (Fig. 12), andlemniscilength (980-2500 and 1020-2220, respectively). Brasil-Sato &amp; Pavanelli (1998) measured only the outer membrane of the eggs, now the size of each component of the eggs was determined: outer membrane 22–25 (24; n = 4) long, 15-17 (16) wideversus 15-22 (18) long, 12-15 (14) wideinthe Brazilian specimens; fertilization membrane 21-23 (22; n = 4) long, 13-15 (14) wide; acanthor 18-21 (19; n = 4) long, 10-12 (11) wide; larval hooks 2-4 (3; n = 5) long (Fig. 9). The eggs of the new material are slightly larger than those from Brazil. This difference could be because the eggs measured by Brasil-Sato &amp; Pavanelli (1998) are not completely mature (intrauterine or free in trunk cavity) versus spontaneously laid eggs in this work. However, the similarities in the shape of the trunk (elliptic), the shape of the proboscis (spherical), the apparent absence of the apical organ, the distribution and size of the proboscis hooks, the percentage of the trunk occupied by the reproductive system and the position of the genital pore in males and females, and particularly in the morphology of the eggs (drop-shaped) allowed assigning the specimens from Argentina to Neoechinorhynchus (N.) pimelodi. Thus, size differences could be due to differential growth rates from different hosts (see Amin &amp; Muzzall, 2009). The low indices of infection (prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance) recorded in all the hosts collected in the Paraná River basin do not allow establishing which the principal host is. Brasil-Sato &amp; Pavanelli (1999) studied the prevalence and mean intensity of infection of N. (N.) pimelodi from P. maculatus in the São Francisco River (Brazil) during the drought and flooding period; its prevalence is much higher than that in Colastiné River (42-51% and 30-34% versus 2.9% in the present paper), whereas the mean intensity of infection is very similar (4.8-4.9 and 3.5-4.9 versus 4.4 in the present paper).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F96A8786D542FFF7FF31FBC5D6EEBB30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Arredondo, Nathalia J.;Gil de Pertierra, Alicia A.	Arredondo, Nathalia J., Gil de Pertierra, Alicia A. (2012): A new species of Neoechinorhynchus (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Pachyurus bonariensis (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) from the Paraná River basin in Argentina, with comments on two other species of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 119 (4): 425-439, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.150202
F96A8786D541FFF1FF2EFC3AD21EBB70.text	F96A8786D541FFF1FF2EFC3AD21EBB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoechinorhynchus Stiles & Hassall 1905	<div><p>Key to the South American species of Neoechinorhynchus:</p> <p>1a. Eggs with concentric membranes, without polar prolongations of the fertilization membrane; subgenus Neoechinorhynchus Stiles &amp; Hassall, 1905....................................................... 2</p> <p>1b. Eggs with polar prolongations of the fertilization membrane; subgenus Hebesoma Van Cleave, 1928..................................... 9</p> <p>2a. Trunk ovoid, elliptical or fusiform, swollen equatorially; proboscis without apical organ............................................ 3</p> <p>2b. Trunk elongated, swollen anteriorly; proboscis with or without apical organ....................................................... 6</p> <p>3a. Lemnisci much longer than proboscis receptacle (twice or more); male reproductive system occupies about 50% of trunk..................... 4</p> <p>3b. Lemnisci longer than proboscis receptacle; male reproductive system occupies more than 60% of trunk.................................. 5</p> <p>4a. Sexual dimorphisms present; neck twice longer than the proboscis; lemnisci subequal, overlapping anterior testes; eggs drop-shaped............................... N. (N.) pimelodi Brasil-Sato &amp; Pavanelli, 1998</p> <p>4b. Sexual dimorphisms absent; neck short; lenmisci unequal, reaching level of testes, but not overlapping them; eggs elongate......................................... N. (N.) prochilodorum Nickol &amp; Thatcher, 1971</p> <p>5a. Neck short; lemnisci slightly longer than proboscis receptacle; cement gland almost same size than testes. N. (N.) paraguayensis Machado Filho, 1959</p> <p>5b. Neck long; lemnisci much longer than proboscis receptacle; cement gland bigger than testes................ N. (N.) pterodoridis Thatcher, 1981</p> <p>6a. Proboscis with apical organ not observed; tegument with 1–2 dorsally and 1–3 ventral giant nuclei............... N. (N.) villoldoi Vizcaíno, 1992</p> <p>6b. Probosis with apical organ; tegument with 5 dorsally and 1–2 ventral giant nuclei.................................................. 7</p> <p>7a. Dorsal tegument with 4 prominent pre-equatorial giant nuclei and the fifth post-equatorial.......... N. (N.) macronucleatus Machado Filho, 1954</p> <p>7b. Dorsal tegument with giant nuclei not clustered in pre-equatorial region.... 8</p> <p>8a. Apical organ about half length than proboscis; elongated cement gland, separated for a distance of testes. Coiled vagina associated to paravaginal muscles........................ N. (N.) buttnerae Golvan, 1956</p> <p>8b. Apical organ large, almost same length than proboscis; elongated cement gland overlaps testes. Proboscis with two lateral hooks larger than other in first circle........................... N. (N.) curemai Noronha, 1973</p> <p>9a. Proboscis with prominent apical organ; neck relatively long, trunk elongated, swollen anteriorly; male reproductive system 79%, female reproductive system 32%......................... N. (H.) colastinense sp. n.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F96A8786D541FFF1FF2EFC3AD21EBB70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Arredondo, Nathalia J.;Gil de Pertierra, Alicia A.	Arredondo, Nathalia J., Gil de Pertierra, Alicia A. (2012): A new species of Neoechinorhynchus (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Pachyurus bonariensis (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) from the Paraná River basin in Argentina, with comments on two other species of the genus. Revue suisse de Zoologie 119 (4): 425-439, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.150202
