taxonID	type	description	language	source
A23487F4A015FFD29EDFFA37327683E3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This new species is morphologically similar to Tillandsia burle-marxii, but can be distinguished from it by its shorter peduncle (3.2 – 4 cm long vs. 5 cm long), slightly exceeding the leaves (vs. distinctly exceeding the leaves), greenish-pink floral bracts (vs. greenish-yellow), petals smaller (1.5 – 1.7 × 0.3 - 0.4 cm vs. 2 – 2.3 × 0.5 – 0.65 cm) and light blue (vs. whitish), smaller ovary (2 – 2.1 × 1.5 – 1.8 mm vs. 4 – 4.5 × 2.5 mm), and subglobose ovary (vs. ovoid).	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A015FFD29EDFFA37327683E3.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Belo Jardim, Serra dos Ventos, 25 October 2020, E. H. Souza 1111 & I. B. Lira & E. M. Almeida (holotype HURB).	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A015FFD29EDFFA37327683E3.taxon	description	Plant rupiculous, heliophyte, caulescent, forming clumps, 15 – 18 cm long, 0.9 – 1.1 cm in diameter; stem curved, 0.2 – 0.3 cm in diameter, internodes 0.5 – 1 mm long. Leaves 3.2 – 4.8 cm long, 150 – 185 in number, imbricate, erect to suberect, cinereous lepidote on both sides, trichomes partially to completely obscuring the green color of the leaves; sheath slightly distinct from the blade, broadly elliptic, 0.5 – 0.8 × 0.7 – 0.9 cm, pale-green, whitish lepidote to glabrous; blade narrowly triangular, attenuate-caudate, 2.9 – 4 × 0.2 – 0.35 cm. Peduncle 3.2 – 4 cm long, 0.2 – 0.35 cm in diameter, slightly exceeding the leaves, pale greenish, slender, completely covered by the peduncle bracts, lepidote to glabrous; peduncle bracts 3 – 4 in number, partially imbricate, not completely concealing the peduncle, the basal ones foliaceous, 2.5 – 2.9 × 0.5 – 0.7 cm, the distal ones caudate, 1.6 – 1.9 × 0.4 – 0.6 cm. Inflorescence (fertile portion) a simple spike, fusiform, 2.1 – 3 × 1.3 – 1.5 cm, with 2 – 3 flowers, 0.5 – 0.8 cm apart, ascending or horizontal oriented. Floral bracts ovate to elliptic, the proximal ones acuminate, the distal ones acute, 1.2 – 1.5 × 0.6 – 0.9 cm, greenish-pink, distinctly exceeding the sepals, nerved, membranaceous, ecarinate, glabrous on both sides. Flowers sessile, polystichously arranged, 2 – 2.3 cm long; sepals lanceolate, acute, 0.7 – 1 × 0.3 – 0.4 cm, pale green, membranaceous, inconspicuously nerved, the adaxial ones connate for 2 / 3 of their length, glabrous; petals spathulate, 1.5 – 1.7 × 0.3 – 0.4 cm, rounded, free, the blade spreading to reflexed, light blue. Stamens included, 0.9 – 1 cm long; filament flattened, flaccid, plicate in the middle region, sublinear, whitish, slightly translucent, free; anther yellowish, 2 – 3 × 0.25 – 0.3 mm, basifixed. Pistil equaling the stamens; ovary pale greenish, subglobose, 2 – 2.1 × 1.5 – 1.8 mm; style erect, whitish, 0.7 – 0.8 mm long, 0.3 – 0.4 mm in diameter; stigma simple-erect. Capsules and seeds not seen.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A015FFD29EDFFA37327683E3.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet honors the Agronomist, botanist, researcher and conservation enthusiast Dr. Erton Mendonça de Almeida, who provided the information that allowed us to locate the remaining population of this new species.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A015FFD29EDFFA37327683E3.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — The blooming season starts in September and extends to November.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A015FFD29EDFFA37327683E3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habit: — Tillandsia ertonii was found growing saxicolous on an inselberg in the Caatinga domain, close to Belo Jardim municipality, Pernambuco state (Fig. 1). The inselberg is located on the Borborema Plateau and in the Capibaribe River basin, at an average altitude of 636 m, reaching 1,195 m at Pico da Boa Vista. The municipality belongs to the Mesoregion of Agreste Pernambucano and to the Microregion of Vale do Ipojuca, and is characterized by the prevailing caatinga vegetation and the presence of several inselbergs, despite some patches of Atlantic forest are observed in the highest parts of the municipality. The population of T. ertonii grows on the most vertical part of the rock, fully sun exposed, without any organic substrate. The populations are composed of densely aggregated specimens, forming clumps of many individuals of different stages of development.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A015FFD29EDFFA37327683E3.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: — Tillandsia ertonii is an endemic species of Pernambuco state and has a restricted area of occurrence, living exclusively on this inselberg, being surrounded by deforested area, not protected by any conservation unity. Besides periodical fires, criminal extractivism for regional and international illegal trade are the main causes that seriously affect the existence of this and other species. Based on the IUCN criteria and the limited geographic range of the species, the GeoCAT (geocat. kew. org) evaluated that the area of occupancy (AOO) is 0,367 km ², classifying the species as critically endangered [CR B 2 ab (i, ii, iii, iv)], threatened by habitat fragmentation and fast population decline.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A015FFD29EDFFA37327683E3.taxon	discussion	Observations: — Tillandsia ertonii belongs to subgenus Anoplophytum and is morphologically related to T. burlemarxii Ehlers (1994: 74) and T. araujei Mez (1894: 600). In relation to T. burle-marxii, this new species differs mainly by the green leaves (vs. grey), the shorter peduncle, slightly exceeding the leaves, greenish-pink floral bracts, smaller flowers with light blue petals, and suborbicular ovary (see Table 1, fig. 4). It is important to note that the locality of occurrence of T. burle-marxii is not known. It was originally described from Bahia, without further details, it is only known from the holotype specimen. Initially, in an attempt to locate the collecting site of T. burle-marxii, we did discover T. ertonii, which was identified as T. burle-marxii by the collector E. M. Almeida in 2016. On the basis of the field information, a specific field mission was carried out to collect this plant, supposed to be T. burle-marxii, which would extend its range to the state of Pernambuco. Surprisingly, we verified that the visited population in Pernambuco, which is restricted to a difficult-to-reach area, presented distinct morphological characteristics when compared to T. burle-marxii (see diagnose), justifying to describe it as a new species. Tillandsia ertonii can also be confused with T. araujei, an endemic species from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (Tardivo et al. 2020), but this new species is clearly distinct by the narrower plant habit 0.9 – 1.1 cm in diameter (vs. 1.1 – 1.5 cm), erect-suberect leaf orientation (vs. unilaterally secund), shorter inflorescence (2.1 – 3 cm long vs. 3 – 5 cm long) and peduncle length (3.2 – 4 cm long vs. 4 – 6 cm long), fewer flowers (2 – 3 vs. 5 – 12), shorter flowers (2 – 2.3 cm long vs.> 3 cm long), shorter petals (1.5 – 1.7 cm long vs. 2 – 3 cm long), shorter sepals (0.7 – 1 cm long vs. 1.2 – 1.5 cm long), subglobose ovary (vs. ovoid), and light blue petals (vs. white), among other traits (Table 1, fig. 4). We observed further six species of Tillandsia living sympatrically with T. ertonii, such as T. gardneri var. rupicola E. Pereira (Pereira & Moutinho-Neto, 1981: 214), T. tenuifolia var. nigrifolia Gouda (2017: 22) both of subg. Anoplophytum, T. polystachia (Linnaeus 1753: 286) Linnaeus (1762: 410) of subg. Tillandsia, T. streptocarpa Baker (1887: 241) of subg. Phytarrhiza, and T. recurvata (Linnaeus 1753: 287) Linnaeus (1762: 410) and T. usneoides (Linnaeus 1753: 287) Linnaeus (1762: 411) both of subg. Diaphoranthema. Other bromeliad species registered in forest fragments of the same inselberg are Aechmea leptantha (Harms [1929: 789]) Leme & Siqueira (Siqueira-Filho & Leme, 2006: 213), Dyckia pernambucana Smith (1970: 179), Encholirium pernambucanum Smith & Read (1990: 302), Hohenbergia catingae Ule (1908: 195), Orthophytum disjunctum Smith (1955: 180), and Vriesea limae Smith (1970: 181).	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A012FFDC9EDFFA893249865A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — This new species is morphologically similar to T. mantiqueirae, but can be distinguished from it by its smaller size (7 – 9.2 × 6.5 – 8.5 cm vs. 25 – 35 × 10 – 15 cm), more numerous leaves (48 – 60 vs. 30), shorter peduncle (4 – 6.5 cm long vs. 5 – 10 cm long), which are exceeded by the leaves or rarely exceeding them (vs. exceeding the leaves), and spathulate petals (vs. lingulate).	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A012FFDC9EDFFA893249865A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Secretário, Pedro do Rio district, 15 November 2020, N. M. G. David 02 (holotype HURB).	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A012FFDC9EDFFA893249865A.taxon	description	Plant rupicolous, heliophyte, caulescent, forming clumps, 7 – 9.2 cm long, 6.5 – 8.5 cm in diameter; stem curved, 0.4 – 0.6 cm in diameter, internodes 0.2 – 0.3 cm long. Leaves 6 – 7.5 cm long, 48 – 60 in number, upward secund, cinereous, densely lepidote on both sides, trichomes completely obscuring the green color of the leaves; sheath slightly distinct from the blade, broadly ovate, 0.9 – 1.2 × 1 – 1.2 cm, pale-green, white lepidote; blade narrowly triangular, involute, fleshy, 5.1 – 6.3 × 0.5 – 0.7 cm, completely covered by white trichomes. Peduncle 4 – 6.5 cm long, 0.2 – 0.35 cm in diameter, exceeded by the leaves or rarely exceeding them, pale greenish, slender, completely covered by the peduncle bracts, lepidote; peduncle bracts 2 – 3 in number, partially imbricate, completely concealing the peduncle, foliaceous, 2 – 3.1 × 0.5 – 0.7 cm, the upper ones lanceolate. Inflorescence (fertile portion) a simple spike, 1.9 – 2.5 × 1.5 – 1.8 cm, with 4 – 6 flowers, horizontal to upward oriented. Floral bracts ovate to elliptic, the proximal ones long acuminate, the distal ones to acute, 1.6 – 1.9 × 0.6 – 0.9 cm, pale-rose, exceeding the sepals, nerved, membranaceous, ecarinate, sparsely lepidote adaxially, glabrous abaxially. Flowers sessile, polystichously arranged, 1.5 – 1.7 cm long; sepals narrowly ovate, acute, 0.9 – 1.1 × 0.3 – 0.4 cm, pale-green, membranaceous, inconspicuously nerved, the adaxial ones connate for 1 / 2 of their length, glabrous; petals spathulate, 1.4 – 1.6 × 0.7 – 0.8 cm, rounded, free, the blade spreading to reflexed, whitish. Stamens included, 0.9 – 1.1 cm long; filament flattened, flaccid, plicate, sublinear, whitish, slightly translucent, free; anther pale yellowish, 1.5 – 2.5 × 0.25 – 0.3 mm, basifixed. Pistil equaling the stamens; ovary pale greenish, ovoid, 2 – 2.5 × 1.7 – 1.8 mm; style erect, whitish, 0.9 – 1.1 mm long, 0.3 – 0.4 mm in diameter; stigma simpleerect. Capsules and seeds not seen.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A012FFDC9EDFFA893249865A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet honors Nathan Miranda Gazineu David, undergraduate biologist, conservationist and currently curator of the Bromeliad collection of Ivo de Azevedo Penna, who informed us about the existence of the population of this new species.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A012FFDC9EDFFA893249865A.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — The blooming season starts in October and extends to January.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A012FFDC9EDFFA893249865A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habit: — Tillandsia nathanii was found growing on granitic outcrop in the Atlantic Forest at an altitude of 1,433 m in Secretário, in the district of Pedro do Rio, Petrópolis municipality. The Secretário is a mountainous region, with numerous granitic outcrops surrounded by Atlantic Forest. The regional climate is high-altitude tropical, with hot and humid summers, and relatively cool, dry winters. The high relief, formed by high-altitude mountains, has a great influence on the climate of the municipality, forming masses of hot-humid air that are blocked, concentrated and forced to rise to high altitudes. The population of T. nathanii grows on the most vertical part of the rock, fully sun exposed, without any organic substrate. The population in the three granitic outcrops seen are composed of sparsely scattered specimens or forming clumps of three to eight individuals of different stages of development.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A012FFDC9EDFFA893249865A.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: — Tillandsia nathanii is an endemic species with a restrict area of occurrence, only found on three granitic outcrops close to a highway being surrounded by a deforested area, not protected by any conservation unity. Beside this, periodical fires, criminal extractivism for regional and international illegal trade, are the main causes that seriously affect the existence of this new species. Based on the IUCN criteria and the limited geographic range of the species, the GeoCAT (geocat. kew. org) evaluated that the area of occupancy (AOO) a is 12,900 Km ², classifying the species as critically endangered [CR B 2 ab (i, ii, iii, iv)], threatened by habitat fragmentation and fast population decline.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
A23487F4A012FFDC9EDFFA893249865A.taxon	discussion	Observations: — Tillandsia nathanii belongs to subg. Anoplophytum, being morphologically related to T. mantiqueirae Paixão-Souza et al. (2021: 196) and T. recurvifolia Hooker (1861: 5246). In relation to T. mantiqueirae, this new species differs from it by its smaller size when in bloom, with a smaller diameter, leaves more numerous shorter peduncle, and spathulate petals (see diagnose and Table 2). Tillandsia nathanii can also be confused with T. recurvifolia, a species from São Paulo southward into Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay (Paixão-Souza et al. 2021), but it is clearly distinct by its smaller size when in bloom (7 – 9.2 cm long vs. 15 – 25 cm long), shorter and narrower leaves (6 – 7.5 × 5 – 7 cm vs. 14 × 8 – 11 cm), greater number of leaves (48 – 60 vs. 37), shorter peduncle (4 – 6.5 cm long vs. 7 – 12.5 cm long), flowers fewer (4 – 6 vs. 6 – 8 in number) and smaller (1.5 – 1.7 cm long vs. 3 cm long), pale-rose floral bracts (vs. pink) (Table 2, fig. 5). Tillandsia stricta Solander ex Sims (1813: 1529) of subg. Anoplophytum was the only species of the genus observed living sympatrically with T. nathanii despite growing as an epiphyte in the Atlantic Forest surrounding the rocky outcrop.	en	Souza, Everton Hilo De, Cavalcante, Brayan P., França, Rivã Ribeiro Do N., Aona, Lidyanne Y. S., Souza, Fernanda V. D., Leme, Elton M. C. (2022): Two New Species of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 560 (1): 93-103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.7
