taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D487C6597BFF8BFF6DB268FA2C9213.taxon	diagnosis	Genus diagnosis (adapted and modified from Williams 2004). Body of adult female with anal lobe bars present. Cerarii numbering 3 – 18 pairs; sometimes cerarian setae present in tufts, associated with a group of trilocular pores; auxiliary setae present or absent. Anal lobe cerarii each bearing 2 or more cerarian setae, each seta either conical or with a flagellate tip. Anterior abdominal cerarii each usually containing more than 2 conical or flagellate setae; if numbering only 2, then auxiliary setae often present also. Antennae each with 6 – 8 segments. Legs well developed; hind leg with translucent pores on coxa and often on tibia, sometimes present also on femur; often tibia + tarsus shorter than trochanter + femur. Claw stout, often curved, without a denticle. Dorsal setae often short and stiff, slender or conical, but sometimes long and flagellate, rarely stout. Cisanal and obanal setae always conspicuous. Ostioles prominent. Circulus present or absent. Anal ring normal, bearing 6 setae; sometimes with multiple setae present but if so, then usually 6 setae longer than others. Anal ring position either at apex of abdomen or slightly dorsal. Multilocular disc pores present, on venter of abdomen at least. Oral rim tubular ducts absent. Oral collar tubular ducts present, at least on venter of abdomen, sometimes also around margins of head and thorax and on dorsal surface. Microducts sometimes present.	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C6597BFF8BFF6DB268FA2C9213.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The definition of the genus Formicococcus has been extended here to include the Japanese species, Formicococcus bambusiphilus (Takahashi 1958), F. kawaii sp. nov. and F. yoshinoi Tanaka in Tanaka et al. 2021. Formicococcus is quite similar to Planococcus Ferris 1950 and Crisicoccus Ferris 1950, so it may be difficult to distinguish these genera. Further morphological and molecular phylogenetic study of these three genera is greatly needed.	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C6597BFF8BFF6DB268FA2C9213.taxon	discussion	Key to the mealybug genera with anal lobe bars and without oral rim ducts found in Asia (adapted and modified from Williams 2004)	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C6597BFF8BFF6DB268FA2C9213.taxon	discussion	Key to adult females of Formicococcus species in Japan	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C65978FF8BFF6DB3CCFDE1908A.taxon	description	(Fig. 1) [Japanese common name: Take-kona-kaigaramushi]	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C65978FF8BFF6DB3CCFDE1908A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype (here designated): Ferrisicoccus / bambusiphilus / Takah. Type / 19. VIII. 1952 / Tokyo, Japan / R. Takahashi. Host: Bamboo. 1 adult female on a slide together with 9 paralectotypes; the lectotype is the last individual on the right in the upper part of the slide (SEHU); Paralectotype: same data as lectotype; examined paralectotype is the specimen on the left below the lectotype (SEHU). Other material studied: JAPAN: Kanagawa prefecture, Atsugi-shi, Nanasawa, on Pleioblastus chino, 25. vii. 1975, coll. S. Kawai, 2 adult females mounted singly (KTUA); Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku, Imperial palace, on Pleioblastus chino, 24. vi. 1998, coll. S. Kawai, 4 adult females mounted singly (KTUA).	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C6597FFF8CFF6DB526FDF69575.taxon	description	(Fig. 2) [Japanese common name: Oo-take-kona-kaigaramushi]	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C6597FFF8CFF6DB526FDF69575.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype adult female: Japan, / Tokyo, Minato-ku, / Minami-Aoyama, / Aoyama cemetery / on Pleioblastus chino / 7. vi. 1972 / coll. S. Kawai, mounted singly (KTUA); Paratype: same data as holotype, 1 adult female mounted singly (KTUA).	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C6597DFF81FF6DB357FA2C939A.taxon	diagnosis	Genus diagnosis (adapted and modified from Williams 2004). Body of adult female oval to rotund. Derm membranous. Antennae each with 6 – 8 segments. Legs well-developed, usually stout, femur often about twice as wide as tibia; tibia + tarsus shorter than trochanter + femur; translucent pores normally present on hind coxae, sometimes on hind femur and tibia, occasionally also on coxae of second pair of legs, but rarely completely lacking; claw stout, without a denticle. Labium often long, usually longer than clypeolabral shield, but rarely shorter. Anal ring generally situated at least its own length from apex of abdomen, bearing 6 or more setae. Circulus present or absent. Cerarii numbering 11 – 18 pairs; anal lobe cerarii and cerarii on posterior abdominal segments usually each containing a concentration of trilocular pores and multiple conical setae, sometimes accompanied by a few slender setae (often with bases as wide as those of the conical setae). Cerarii each rarely reduced to 2 conical setae; often with intermediate cerarii or conical setae present, forming a continuous row of conical setae around dorsal margin, often accompanied also by a continuous band of crowded trilocular pores around margin; conical setae rarely present on ventral margin. Ostioles prominent, often situated far from margins, wide, with inner edges of lips sclerotized, each lip often with abundant trilocular pores (rarely with few), and bearing a few to numerous setae. Eyes present. Spiracles large and conspicuous. Dorsal setae often numerous, minute and stiff or longer and flagellate; often longer setae present, flanking anal ring. Trilocular pores abundant. Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent from dorsum. Ventral surface usually with flagellate setae, sometimes resembling those on dorsum. Cisanal and obanal setae usually apparent, sometimes long and stout and displaced to dorsum posterior to anal ring. Oral collar tubular ducts present, usually of 1 size only but sometimes of 2 or 3 different sizes, each either narrower than a trilocular pore, or as wide as, or 1.5 ‒ 2.0 times wider than a trilocular pore, or a combination of different sizes present. Tubular ducts sometimes present across medial area and in marginal groups on abdomen, also sometimes between antennal bases; ducts present or absent from between anal lobes. Anal lobes each either membranous or with various degrees of sclerotization; at times sclerotization occupying most of lobe, but never with an anal lobe bar; ventral margins of anterior abdominal segments occasionally sclerotized also.	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C6597DFF81FF6DB357FA2C939A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin (2015) regarded the presence or absence of an anal lobe bar as a specieslevel character, ignoring its taxonomic significance at the genus level and so placed some Palaearctic species with anal lobe bars in Paraputo. However, their taxonomic treatment appears to be clearly erroneous, and those species with anal lobe bars that they moved into Paraputo should be returned to their previous generic assignments. Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin (2015) also ignored the taxonomic significance of the position of the anal ring and transferred at least one species with the anal ring situated at the abdominal apex into Paraputo (see Remarks under Paraputo kaiensis). Further morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies on Paraputo species with the anal ring situated at the abdominal apex are needed.	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C6597DFF81FF6DB357FA2C939A.taxon	discussion	Key to adult females of Paraputo species found in East Asia (adapted and modified from Zhang & Wu 2017)	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C65972FF81FF6DB2B6FBBA91DF.taxon	description	(Fig. 3) [Japanese common name: Miyama-kona-kaigaramushi]	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C65972FF81FF6DB2B6FBBA91DF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. JAPAN: Tochigi prefecture, Nikko-shi, on Bambusoideae sp. (dwarf bamboo), 21. vii. 1934, coll. S. Kanda, 1 adult female mounted singly (OMNH); Gunma prefecture, Tsumagoi-mura, Mt. Yunomaru, on Bambusoideae sp. (dwarf bamboo), 22. vii. 1960, coll. S. Kanda, 2 adult females mounted singly (OMNH); Gunma prefecture, Azuma-gun, Kusatsu-cho, Mt. Shirane, on Bambusoideae sp. (dwarf bamboo), 1. viii. 1960, coll. S. Kanda, 2 adult females mounted on 1 slide (OMNH); Tochigi prefecture, Mt. Nasu, on Bambusoideae sp. (dwarf bamboo), 13. vi. 1976, coll. S. Kawai, 6 adult females mounted singly (KTUA).	en	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
