identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D487C6597BFF8BFF6DB268FA2C9213.text	03D487C6597BFF8BFF6DB268FA2C9213.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Formicococcus Takahashi 1928	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Formicococcus Takahashi 1928</p>
            <p> Formicococcus Takahashi 1928: 253 . Type species:  Formicococcus cinnamomi Takahashi 1928 . </p>
            <p> Planococcoides Ezzat &amp; McConnell 1956: 53 . Type species:  Pseudococcus njalensis Laing 1929 . </p>
            <p> Drymococcus Borchsenius 1962: 221 . Type species:  Drymococcus rhizophilus Borchsenius 1962 . </p>
            <p> Indococcus Ali 1967: 35 . Type species:  Indococcus pipalae Ali 1967 . </p>
            <p> Formicoccus Tang 1984: 125 ; Tang et al. 1992: 5 (misspelling). </p>
            <p>Genus diagnosis (adapted and modified from Williams 2004). Body of adult female with anal lobe bars present. Cerarii numbering 3–18 pairs; sometimes cerarian setae present in tufts, associated with a group of trilocular pores; auxiliary setae present or absent. Anal lobe cerarii each bearing 2 or more cerarian setae, each seta either conical or with a flagellate tip. Anterior abdominal cerarii each usually containing more than 2 conical or flagellate setae; if numbering only 2, then auxiliary setae often present also. Antennae each with 6–8 segments. Legs well developed; hind leg with translucent pores on coxa and often on tibia, sometimes present also on femur; often tibia + tarsus shorter than trochanter + femur. Claw stout, often curved, without a denticle.</p>
            <p>Dorsal setae often short and stiff, slender or conical, but sometimes long and flagellate, rarely stout. Cisanal and obanal setae always conspicuous. Ostioles prominent. Circulus present or absent. Anal ring normal, bearing 6 setae; sometimes with multiple setae present but if so, then usually 6 setae longer than others. Anal ring position either at apex of abdomen or slightly dorsal. Multilocular disc pores present, on venter of abdomen at least. Oral rim tubular ducts absent. Oral collar tubular ducts present, at least on venter of abdomen, sometimes also around margins of head and thorax and on dorsal surface. Microducts sometimes present.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The definition of the genus  Formicococcus has been extended here to include the Japanese species,  Formicococcus bambusiphilus (Takahashi 1958) ,  F. kawaii sp. nov. and  F. yoshinoi Tanaka in Tanaka et al. 2021.  Formicococcus is quite similar to  Planococcus Ferris 1950 and  Crisicoccus Ferris 1950 , so it may be difficult to distinguish these genera. Further morphological and molecular phylogenetic study of these three genera is greatly needed. </p>
            <p>Key to the mealybug genera with anal lobe bars and without oral rim ducts found in Asia (adapted and modified from Williams 2004)</p>
            <p>1(0) Anal lobe bar present on venter of anal lobe and oral rim ducts extremely rare or absent from derm.................... 2</p>
            <p> – Anal lobe bar absent from venter of anal lobe, or oral rim ducts present on derm in every specimen...................................................................................... other genera and species of  Pseudococcidae</p>
            <p> 2(1) Anal lobe cerarii each located on a well-developed, large, oval, heavily sclerotized plate...................................................................................................  Dysmicoccus wistariae (Green 1923)</p>
            <p>– Anal lobe cerarii not located on large, oval, heavily sclerotized plates........................................... 3</p>
            <p> 3(2) Some or all abdominal cerarii each bearing more than 2 cerarian setae (note:  Formicococcus lingnani Ferris 1954 occasionally lacks anal lobe bars).........................................................  Formicococcus Takahashi 1928</p>
            <p>– All abdominal cerarii each bearing only 2 cerarian setae...................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4(3) Cerarii numbering 18 pairs...........................................................  Planococcus Ferris 1950</p>
            <p> – Cerarii numbering 0–17 pairs, with preocular pair (C 2) absent...............................  Crisicoccus Ferris 1950</p>
            <p> Key to adult females of  Formicococcus species in Japan </p>
            <p> 1(0) Body broadly oval. Dorsal tubular ducts absent.............................  F. yoshinoi Tanaka in Tanaka et al. 2021 </p>
            <p>– Body elongate oval. Dorsal tubular ducts present............................................................ 2</p>
            <p> 2(1) Cerarii numbering 5‒7 pairs. Circulus oval to quadrate.......  F. bambusiphilus (Takahashi 1958) stat. rev. and comb. nov.</p>
            <p> – Cerarii numbering 18 pairs. Circulus dumbbell shaped...................................  F. kawaii Tanaka sp. nov.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487C6597BFF8BFF6DB268FA2C9213	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tanaka, Hirotaka	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C65978FF8BFF6DB3CCFDE1908A.text	03D487C65978FF8BFF6DB3CCFDE1908A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Formicococcus bambusiphilus (Takahashi 1958) Tanaka 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Formicococcus bambusiphilus (Takahashi 1958) stat. rev. and comb. nov.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1)</p>
            <p>[Japanese common name: Take-kona-kaigaramushi]</p>
            <p> Ferrisicoccus bambusiphilus Takahashi 1958: 7 ; Kawai 1972: 7; Kawai 1980: 114. </p>
            <p> Ferrisicoccus angustus Ezzat &amp; McConnell 1956 ; Ben-Dov 1999: 380 (misidentification). </p>
            <p> Dysmicoccus angustus (Ezzat &amp; McConnell 1956) ; Danzig 1978: 8 (misidentification). </p>
            <p> Paraputo angustus (Ezzat &amp; McConnell 1956) ; Danzig &amp; Gavrilov-Zimin 2015: 29 (misidentification). </p>
            <p> Material examined.   Lectotype (here designated):  Ferrisicoccus /  bambusiphilus / Takah. Type / 19.VIII.1952 / Tokyo, Japan / R. Takahashi. Host: Bamboo. 1 adult female on a slide together with 9 paralectotypes; the lectotype is the last individual on the right in the upper part of the slide (SEHU)  ;  Paralectotype: same data as lectotype; examined paralectotype is the specimen on the left below the lectotype (SEHU) . Other material studied:   JAPAN: Kanagawa prefecture, Atsugi-shi,  Nanasawa , on  Pleioblastus chino , 25.vii.1975, coll. S. Kawai, 2 adult females mounted singly (KTUA)  ;   Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku,  Imperial palace, on  Pleioblastus chino , 24.vi.1998, coll. S. Kawai, 4 adult females mounted singly (KTUA)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487C65978FF8BFF6DB3CCFDE1908A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tanaka, Hirotaka	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C6597FFF8CFF6DB526FDF69575.text	03D487C6597FFF8CFF6DB526FDF69575.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Formicococcus kawaii Tanaka 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Formicococcus kawaii sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 2)</p>
            <p>[Japanese common name: Oo-take-kona-kaigaramushi]</p>
            <p> Material examined.   Holotype adult female: Japan, / Tokyo, Minato-ku, / Minami-Aoyama, /  Aoyama cemetery / on  Pleioblastus chino / 7.vi.1972 / coll. S. Kawai, mounted singly (KTUA)  ;  Paratype: same data as holotype, 1 adult female mounted singly (KTUA) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487C6597FFF8CFF6DB526FDF69575	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tanaka, Hirotaka	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C6597DFF81FF6DB357FA2C939A.text	03D487C6597DFF81FF6DB357FA2C939A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraputo Laing. However 1929	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Paraputo Laing 1929</p>
            <p> Paraputo Laing 1929: 473 . Type species:  Paraputo ritchiei Laing 1929 . </p>
            <p> Cataenococcus Ferris 1955: 3 . Type species:  Dactylopius olivaceus Cockerell 1896 . </p>
            <p> Ferrisicoccus Ezzat &amp; McConnell 1956: 31 . Type species:  Ferrisicoccus angustus Ezzat &amp; McConnell 1956 . </p>
            <p> Kaicoccus Takahashi 1958: 5 . Type species:  Pseudococcus kaiensis Kanda 1932 . </p>
            <p> Lomatococcus Borchsenius 1960: 920 . Type species:  Lomatococcus ficiphilus Borchsenius 1960 . </p>
            <p> Lachnodiopsis Borchsenius 1960: 923 . Type species:  Lachnodiopsis szemaoensis Borchsenius 1960 . </p>
            <p> Anaparaputo Borchsenius 1962: 224 . Type species:  Anaparaputo liui Borchsenius 1962 . </p>
            <p>Genus diagnosis (adapted and modified from Williams 2004). Body of adult female oval to rotund. Derm membranous. Antennae each with 6–8 segments. Legs well-developed, usually stout, femur often about twice as wide as tibia; tibia + tarsus shorter than trochanter + femur; translucent pores normally present on hind coxae, sometimes on hind femur and tibia, occasionally also on coxae of second pair of legs, but rarely completely lacking; claw stout, without a denticle. Labium often long, usually longer than clypeolabral shield, but rarely shorter. Anal ring generally situated at least its own length from apex of abdomen, bearing 6 or more setae. Circulus present or absent. Cerarii numbering 11–18 pairs; anal lobe cerarii and cerarii on posterior abdominal segments usually each containing a concentration of trilocular pores and multiple conical setae, sometimes accompanied by a few slender setae (often with bases as wide as those of the conical setae). Cerarii each rarely reduced to 2 conical setae; often with intermediate cerarii or conical setae present, forming a continuous row of conical setae around dorsal margin, often accompanied also by a continuous band of crowded trilocular pores around margin; conical setae rarely present on ventral margin. Ostioles prominent, often situated far from margins, wide, with inner edges of lips sclerotized, each lip often with abundant trilocular pores (rarely with few), and bearing a few to numerous setae. Eyes present. Spiracles large and conspicuous.</p>
            <p>Dorsal setae often numerous, minute and stiff or longer and flagellate; often longer setae present, flanking anal ring. Trilocular pores abundant. Multilocular disc pores and oral collar tubular ducts absent from dorsum.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface usually with flagellate setae, sometimes resembling those on dorsum. Cisanal and obanal setae usually apparent, sometimes long and stout and displaced to dorsum posterior to anal ring. Oral collar tubular ducts present, usually of 1 size only but sometimes of 2 or 3 different sizes, each either narrower than a trilocular pore, or as wide as, or 1.5‒2.0 times wider than a trilocular pore, or a combination of different sizes present. Tubular ducts sometimes present across medial area and in marginal groups on abdomen, also sometimes between antennal bases; ducts present or absent from between anal lobes. Anal lobes each either membranous or with various degrees of sclerotization; at times sclerotization occupying most of lobe, but never with an anal lobe bar; ventral margins of anterior abdominal segments occasionally sclerotized also.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Danzig &amp; Gavrilov-Zimin (2015) regarded the presence or absence of an anal lobe bar as a specieslevel character, ignoring its taxonomic significance at the genus level and so placed some Palaearctic species with anal lobe bars in  Paraputo . However, their taxonomic treatment appears to be clearly erroneous, and those species with anal lobe bars that they moved into  Paraputo should be returned to their previous generic assignments. Danzig &amp; Gavrilov-Zimin (2015) also ignored the taxonomic significance of the position of the anal ring and transferred at least one species with the anal ring situated at the abdominal apex into  Paraputo (see Remarks under  Paraputo kaiensis ). Further morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies on  Paraputo species with the anal ring situated at the abdominal apex are needed. </p>
            <p> Key to adult females of  Paraputo species found in East Asia (adapted and modified from Zhang &amp; Wu 2017) </p>
            <p>1(0) Anal ring bearing 6 setae............................................................................... 2</p>
            <p>– Anal ring bearing multiple setae......................................................................... 6</p>
            <p>2(1) Tubular ducts present between antennal bases and clypeolabral shield........................................... 3</p>
            <p>– Tubular ducts absent from between antennal bases and clypeolabral shield........................................ 4</p>
            <p> 3(2) Setae flanking anal ring noticeably longer than other dorsal setae; translucent pores present on hind coxa, femur and tibia.................................................................................  P. banzigeri Williams 2004</p>
            <p> – Setae flanking anal ring shorter, nearly same length as other dorsal setae; translucent pores present on hind coxa only..............................................................................  P. yunnanensis Zhang and Wu 2017</p>
            <p> 4(2) Translucent pores present on hind coxa..........................................  P. albizzicolus Borchsenius 1962</p>
            <p>– Translucent pores absent from hind coxa.................................................................. 5</p>
            <p> 5(4) Venter of each anal lobe membranous. Body broadly oval to circular. Oral collar tubular ducts of 2 sizes present......................................................................................  P. porosus Borchsenius 1962</p>
            <p> Venter of each anal lobe sclerotized. Body elongate oval. Oral collar tubular ducts of only 1 size present.................................................................................................  P. kaiensis (Kanda 1932)</p>
            <p> 6(1) Cerarii numbering 5–7 pairs, present only on posterior abdominal segments...........  P. szemaoensis (Borchsenius 1960)</p>
            <p>– Cerarii numbering 11–18 pairs, present on head and thorax as well as on abdominal segments........................ 7</p>
            <p> 7(6) Cerarii numbering 17 pairs; setae flanking anal ring short, about same length as other dorsal setae....  P. gasteris Wang 1982</p>
            <p>– Cerarii numbering 18 pairs; setae flanking anal ring noticeably longer than other dorsal setae......................... 8</p>
            <p> 8(7) Posteriormost 3 pairs of cerarii each situated on a sclerotized plate; hind coxa without translucent pores..................................................................................................  P. comantis Wang 1978</p>
            <p> – Posteriormost 3 pairs of cerarii each situated on membranous cuticle; hind coxa with translucent pores.............................................................................................  P. platani Zhang and Wu 2017</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487C6597DFF81FF6DB357FA2C939A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tanaka, Hirotaka	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
03D487C65972FF81FF6DB2B6FBBA91DF.text	03D487C65972FF81FF6DB2B6FBBA91DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraputo kaiensis (Kanda 1932)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraputo kaiensis (Kanda 1932)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 3)</p>
            <p>[Japanese common name: Miyama-kona-kaigaramushi]</p>
            <p> Pseudococcus kaiensis Kanda 1932: 387 . </p>
            <p> Kaicoccus kaiensis (Kanda 1932) ; Takahashi 1958: 5; Kawai 1980: 113. </p>
            <p> Dysmicoccus kaiensis (Kanda 1932) ; Danzig 1971: 367. </p>
            <p> Paraputo kaiensis (Kanda 1932) ; Danzig &amp; Gavrilov-Zimin 2015: 29. </p>
            <p> Material examined.   JAPAN: Tochigi prefecture,  Nikko-shi , on  Bambusoideae sp. (dwarf bamboo), 21.vii.1934, coll. S. Kanda, 1 adult female mounted singly (OMNH)  ;   Gunma prefecture, Tsumagoi-mura,  Mt. Yunomaru , on  Bambusoideae sp. (dwarf bamboo), 22.vii.1960, coll. S. Kanda, 2 adult females mounted singly (OMNH)  ;   Gunma prefecture, Azuma-gun, Kusatsu-cho,  Mt. Shirane , on  Bambusoideae sp. (dwarf bamboo), 1.viii.1960, coll. S. Kanda, 2 adult females mounted on 1 slide (OMNH)  ;   Tochigi prefecture,  Mt. Nasu , on  Bambusoideae sp. (dwarf bamboo), 13.vi.1976, coll. S. Kawai, 6 adult females mounted singly (KTUA)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487C65972FF81FF6DB2B6FBBA91DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tanaka, Hirotaka	Tanaka, Hirotaka (2022): A taxonomic study of three mealybug species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) infesting dwarf bamboo in Japan, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5178 (4): 334-346, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.4.2
