identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038A8132EE66ED4BFEEACBF6FF11F91F.text	038A8132EE66ED4BFEEACBF6FF11F91F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eopilidiidae Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>FAMILY EOPILIDIIDAE FAM. NOV.</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 4DDD1EA2-6A43-43D0-9539-DBA205EC69A9.</p> <p>Type genus: Eopilidion gen. nov.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Pilidiophorans with extremely reduced precerebral region; proboscis pore opening just in front of brain.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE66ED4BFEEACBF6FF11F91F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE66ED4BFC55CEB9FC37FDE5.text	038A8132EE66ED4BFC55CEB9FC37FDE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eopilidion Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>GENUS EOPILIDION GEN. NOV.</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: EE07FA3F-FDCF-4983-8662-C2AB3356B67E.</p> <p>Type species: Eopilidion misakiense sp. nov., fixed by original designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis: At the moment, the same as for the family.</p> <p>Etymology: The new genus name is neuter in gender, from the Greek ἠώς (eos, ‘dawn’) and πιλίδιον (pilidion, ‘small hat’).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE66ED4BFC55CEB9FC37FDE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE66ED48FC4ECCF3FB5FF8E5.text	038A8132EE66ED48FC4ECCF3FB5FF8E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eopilidion misakiense Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>EOPILIDION MISAKIENSE SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 2A, 4A–C)</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: DBA0D4FA-ACAC-4440-9EA3-894F582D62F0.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype, ICHUM 6303, extracted total DNA (no morphological voucher remains); 12 February 2015, dredged at station 2 of the 5 th JAMBIO Coastal Organism Joint Survey (Nakano et al., 2015), off Misaki (between 35°08′29′N, 139°32′34″E, 198 m depth, and 35°08′27″N, 139°32′12″E, 274 m depth), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.53667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.140835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.53667/lat 35.140835)">Sagami Bay</a>, Kanagawa, Japan, collected by H. Kajihara.</p> <p>Sequences: From the holotype: LC178608, 18S (1768 bp); LC178641, 28S (2144 bp); LC178690, 16S (506 bp); LC190962, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Etymology: The new specific name is an adjective, derived from the type locality.</p> <p>Description: Known from anterior fragment, 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, uniformly pale red in colour. Head anteriorly pointed (Fig. 2A), similar to that of capitellid polychaetes. Pre-cerebral region remarkably reduced, about 200 µm long, 320 µm in diameter at base; brain region 500 µm long, 700 µm wide. Transverse cephalic furrow present just behind brain (Fig. 4A, C), encircling head, without secondary furrows. Cerebral organ just behind cephalic furrow, elongated pit, 380 µm long along anterior–posterior axis, 130 µm wide along dorsoventral axis (Fig. 4C). Mouth ventral, small, opening 1.6 mm behind tip of head. Proboscis pore opening subterminal (Fig. 4A–C), immediately anterior to brain.</p> <p>enlargement of the head (K); L, M, Baseodiscus aff. princeps (Coe, 1901a), ICHUM 6335, entire body (L) and enlargement of the head (M); N, Baseodiscus nipponensis (Hubrecht, 1887), ICHUM 6338; O–Q, Baseodiscus cf. princeps (Coe, 1901a), ICHUM 6339, entire body (O), ventral view of anterior end (P), and lateral view of head (Q). Photos by A. V. Chernyshev (A, B), H. Kajihara (C–F, N–Q), G. Giribet (G, H), T. C. Hiebert (I), and K. Kakui (J, K, L, M).</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality, Sagami Bay, Japan.</p> <p>Remarks: The unusually reduced precerebral region and the wide subventral proboscis pore opening just in front of the brain, as well as phylogenetic position as sister-taxon to all other molecularly known heteronemerteans, justify a new family for E. misakiense. However, information on the body-wall structure is lacking, and it remains to be determined whether Eopilidion misakiense belongs to the Heteronemertea (with cutis layer) or not (without cutis layer) (see Discussion below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE66ED48FC4ECCF3FB5FF8E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE64ED49FED3CF6CFDEFFBA9.text	038A8132EE64ED49FED3CF6CFDEFFBA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Heteronemertea SP.	<div><p>HETERONEMERTEA SP. 2DS</p> <p>Heteronemertea sp. 2DS: Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018, fig. 1E.</p> <p>Sequences: MF512067, 18S (1766 bp); MF512093, 28S (505 bp); MF512135, H3 (331 bp); MF512042, 16S (512bp). Determined by Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova (2018).</p> <p>Remarks: The material was collected at station 1-9 of the 2015 SokhoBio expedition, 3307 m depth, Sea of Okhotsk (46°08.8′N, 146°00.0′E).</p> <p>HETERONEMERTEA SP. 5DS</p> <p>Heteronemertea sp. 5DS: Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018, figs 1D, 4A.</p> <p>Sequences: MF512069, 18S (1779 bp); MF512095, 28S (862 bp); MF512137, H3 (180 bp); MF512044, 16S (390 bp). Determined by Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova (2018).</p> <p>Remarks: The material was collected at station 5-9 of the 2015 SokhoBio expedition, 1699 m depth, Sea of Okhotsk (48°37.2′N, 150°00.3′E).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE64ED49FED3CF6CFDEFFBA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE64ED49FCD2CB71FAFDFA6F.text	038A8132EE64ED49FCD2CB71FAFDFA6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxypolella Bergendal 1902	<div><p>Oxypolella Bergendal, 1902: 12.</p> <p>Type species: Oxypolella punnetti Bergendal, 1902, fixed by monotypy.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Given by Cantell (2005: 124).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE64ED49FCD2CB71FAFDFA6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE64ED49FF4AC8DEFC2EFB1C.text	038A8132EE64ED49FF4AC8DEFC2EFB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sonnenemertes Chernyshev 2015	<div><p>Sonnenemertes Chernyshev et al., 2015: 121.</p> <p>Type species: Sonnenemertes cantelli Chernyshev et al., 2015, fixed by original designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Given by Chernyshev et al. (2015: 121).</p> <p>SONNENEMERTES CANTELLI CHERNYSHEV ET AL., 2015</p> <p>Sonnenemertes cantelli Chernyshev et al., 2015: 121– 126, figs1C, D, 2A–N, 3A–H, 4A–G, 5A–I; Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018: 122, figs 1C, 4C, D, 5.</p> <p>Material sequenced: A tissue subsample from the holotype, MIMB 28684, 3 August 2012, about 400 km south of the Kamchatka Peninsula (46°13.69′– 46°14.87′N, 155°33.29′– 155°32.49′E), north-west Pacific, Agassiz trawl, 4869– 4861 m depth, station 2-11 of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=155.5415&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.247833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 155.5415/lat 46.247833)">KuramBio</a> expedition with the S/ V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=155.5415&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.247833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 155.5415/lat 46.247833)">Sonne</a>, collected by A. V. Chernyshev.</p> <p>Sequences: From the holotype: LC178609, 18S (1795 bp); LC178642, 28S (2094 bp); LC190963, COI (658 bp) (determined in this study). AB921565, 16S (505 bp), determined by Chernyshev et al. (2015), also from the holotype.</p> <p>Distribution: Known from depths of 3306–4861 m around the Kuril Islands in the Sea of Okhotsk and the north-west Pacific (Chernyshev et al., 2015; Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018).</p> <p>Remarks: Sonnenemertes cantelli is ‘ 12–14 mm long, cylindrical and stout, with rounded anterior and posterior ends, without caudal cirrus; body yellowish in anterior part and pinkish in gut region’ (Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018: 124). The species seems to feed on sipunculans (see Potential food items below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE64ED49FF4AC8DEFC2EFB1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE64ED49FF3ECA20FD6AF990.text	038A8132EE64ED49FF3ECA20FD6AF990.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Valenciniidae Hubrecht 1879	<div><p>FAMILY VALENCINIIDAE HUBRECHT, 1879</p> <p>Poliaidae [sic] Hubrecht, 1879: 208 [invalid in accordance with Article 39 of the Code (ICZN, 1999)].</p> <p>Valenciniaidae [sic] Hubrecht, 1879: 208.</p> <p>Eupoliaidae [sic] Hubrecht, 1887: 10.</p> <p>Baseodiscidae Bürger, 1904: 79.</p> <p>Taeniosomidae [sic] Sumner et al., 1913: 590.</p> <p>Oxypolellinae Chernyshev, 1995: 14 (synonymous when placed at the rank of family).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Pilidiophorans without horizontal lateral cephalic slits; transverse cephalic furrows present or absent; proboscis without pseudocnidae, mostly lacking muscle crosses; one or no frontal organ (as opposed to three frontal organs in Lineidae).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE64ED49FF3ECA20FD6AF990	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE64ED56FC73C866FDF5FE53.text	038A8132EE64ED56FC73C866FDF5FE53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxypolella alba Bergendal 1903	<div><p>OXYPOLELLA ALBA BERGENDAL, 1903</p> <p>Oxypolella alba Bergendal, 1903: 144–146; Strand et al., 2010: 114–115.</p> <p>Sequence: AF103767, 16S (484 bp), determined by Sundberg &amp; Saur (1998) from a specimen collected on the Swedish west coast.</p> <p>Distribution: Sweden (Bergendal, 1903; Sundberg &amp; Saur, 1998).</p> <p>Remarks: Strand et al. (2010: 115) summarized the species with, ‘Length up to 5 cm. Body white and glossy, circular in cross section, not tapering posteriorly (apex rounded), typically contracted and held in an arched posture. Skin thick, wax-like and slightly wrinkled. Head eye-less and pointed, without horizontal lateral cephalic slits, but demarcated by a transverse furrow encircling the body. So far only recorded from one mud bottom site off the Swedish west coast. Biology and distribution otherwise unknown.’</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE64ED56FC73C866FDF5FE53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE7BED56FCC0CFC7FB3DFDD0.text	038A8132EE7BED56FCC0CFC7FB3DFDD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalomastax Iwata 1957	<div><p>Cephalomastax Iwata, 1957: 5.</p> <p>Type species: Cephalomastax brevis Iwata, 1957, fixed by original designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Given by Iwata (1957: 5).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE7BED56FCC0CFC7FB3DFDD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE7BED56FF14CC4EFBA8FEEA.text	038A8132EE7BED56FF14CC4EFBA8FEEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxypolella hiebertae Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>OXYPOLELLA HIEBERTAE SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 2B)</p> <p>Oxypolellinae gen. sp.: Hiebert, 2016: 318.</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 1F5D91AE-5C57-4E9A-BE20-C05D2DA554B4.</p> <p>Material examined: Four specimens, all collected by A. V. Chernyshev. Holotype, MIMB 42256, 23 May 2007, among dead corals, 2–4 m depth, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.083336/lat 15.383333)">Cù-Lao Ré Island</a> (15°23′N, 109°05′E), Vietnam. Other material: two specimens, 19 May 2007, among dead corals, 5–7 m depth, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.73333/lat 20.15)">Bach Long Vi Island</a> (20°09′N, 107°44′E), Vietnam; one specimen, 22 May 2010, intertidal, among calcareous red algae, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.333336/lat 12.666667)">Van Phong Bay</a> (12°40′N, 109°20′E), Vietnam.</p> <p>Sequence: From the holotype; KU748595, 16S (524 bp), determined by Hiebert (2016) as Oxypolellinae sp. TCH-2017 isolate E4H7.</p> <p>Etymology: The new specific name, a noun in the genitive case, honours Dr Terra C. Hiebert for her outstanding contribution to nemertean systematics.</p> <p>Description: Body soft, 2–4 cm long, 1 mm wide, dorsally yellow or lemon yellow, ventrally pale yellowish; head long, narrow, with two thin transverse furrows in front of mouth; eyes and caudal cirrus absent (Fig. 2B). Rhynchopore ventral. Mouth small, pit-like. Rhynchocoel extending length of body. Two regions detected in proboscis of live specimens. Frontal organ present (from CSLSM observation; data not shown). Body wall with two dorsal nerves (from CSLSM observation; data not shown). Living worms with distinctive, permanent mucous tube.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from Vietnam (present study).</p> <p>Remarks: Oxypolella hiebertae is the sixth member described in the genus (cf. Cantell, 2005). It resembles the most recently described species, Oxypolella banyulensis Cantell, 2005 from the Mediterranean, in having yellowish body colour. Oxypolella hiebertae differs from O. banyulensis in having cephalic furrows as well as in the body coloration; in O. hiebertae, the body is uniformly yellow, whereas in O. banyulensis, the anterior third of the body is white and the posterior two-thirds yellowish white.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE7BED56FF14CC4EFBA8FEEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE7BED54FC6CCCD4FD8FFEA4.text	038A8132EE7BED54FC6CCCD4FD8FFEA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cephalomastax brevis Iwata 1957	<div><p>CEPHALOMASTAX BREVIS IWATA, 1957</p> <p>(FIGS 2C, 5A–E)</p> <p>Cephalomastax brevis Iwata, 1957: 5–7, pl. I, fig. 9, pl. II, fig. 7, pl. III, figs 1–7; Kajihara, 2017: 423, fig. 16.2h.</p> <p>Material examined: Two non-type specimens. ICHUM 6267, serial transverse sections, 8 µm thick, Mallory, 13 slides, along with extracted total DNA; 19 February 2014, dredged between 35°5′56″N, 139°34′10″E, 249 m depth, and 35°5′46″N, 139°34′04″E, 309 m depth, at station 2 of the 2 nd JAMBIO Coastal Organism Joint Survey (Nakano et al., 2015), collected by H. Kajihara. ICHUM 6304, extracted total DNA and body fragment preserved in 99% EtOH, collection data as for ICHUM 6267.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6267: LC178640, 28S (2096 bp). From ICHUM 6304: LC178651, H3 (331 bp); LC178689, 16S (510 bp); LC190961, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Description: Two fragments of anterior body, each about 2.5 cm long and 2 mm wide. Background body colour pale peach, dorsally maroon; dorsal pigmentation not covering head (Figs 2C, 5A, B). Head not demarcated from body in normal state, but clear demarcation obvious when animal contracted (Fig. 5A, B). Transverse cephalic furrow encircling head; secondary furrows present. Proboscis pore slightly behind tip of head (Fig. 5B). Mouth behind cephalic furrow (Fig. 5B). Anterior proboscis wall composed of glandular epithelium, outer longitudinal muscle layer, neural plexus, inner longitudinal muscle layer, and circular muscle endothelium (Fig. 5C, D); longitudinal muscle fibres abutting neural plexus running diagonally, often penetrating nervous tissue (Fig. 5D). Posterior proboscis wall composed of glandular epithelium, longitudinal muscle layer and endothelium (Fig. 5C). Rhynchocoel wall composed of meshwork of interwoven longitudinal and circular (and maybe also diagonal) muscle fibres; circular component denser in inner portion (Fig. 5E).</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality, Sagami Bay, Japan (Iwata, 1957; present study).</p> <p>Remarks: Because Cephalomastax brevis was originally described from a preserved specimen, the external features in the living state were unknown. However, Iwata’s (1 9 5 7: 6) description of the appearance of the preserved type specimen (before sectioning) matches perfectly our observations in that the ‘body is pale chestnut in colour on the dorsal side except only the portion of the neck which is whitish; the ventral surface is white’. Other features such as the absence of eyes and the unique arrangement of the proboscis muscle layers in relation to the nerve plexus (outer longitudinal, nerve plexus, inner longitudinal, and inner circular muscle layers) add more credence to the species identification of our specimens.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE7BED54FC6CCCD4FD8FFEA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE79ED54FF78CF00FDD3FBA6.text	038A8132EE79ED54FF78CF00FDD3FBA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Valencinura Bergendal 1902	<div><p>Valencinura Bergendal, 1902: 14.</p> <p>Type species: Valencinura bahusiensis Bergendal, 1902, fixed by monotypy.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Senz (1996: 48) altered Bergendal’s (1902) original concept of the genus and gave the following modified diagnosis (our translation): Heteronemertea with unbranched proboscis; proboscis with inner longitudinal, middle circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers, with none or two muscle crosses; head without horizontal lateral cephalic slits; cerebral organs not penetrating into blood vessels; cutis without connective tissue layer; caudal cirrus present or absent; preseptal circular muscles with central muscle cone (= bundle of radiating muscle fibres); foregut vascular network present; foregut with no or few subepithelial glands; brain without outer neurilemma; no neurochord cells; body-wall inner circular muscle layer in foregut region present as muscle cylinder; rhynchocoel extending nearly length of body; rhynchocoel wall not interwoven with body-wall muscles.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE79ED54FF78CF00FDD3FBA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE79ED55FEE2CA2BFB35FB0C.text	038A8132EE79ED55FEE2CA2BFB35FB0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Valencinura jambio Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>VALENCINURA JAMBIO SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 2D, E, 4D)</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: E998BBEE-F62E-4D2A-9C27-DE7A889056B4.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype, ICHUM 6305, extracted total DNA (no morphological voucher remains); 19 February 2014, dredged at station 3 of the 2 nd JAMBIO <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.57639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.14389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.57639/lat 35.14389)">Coastal Organism Joint Survey</a> (Nakano etal., 2015), off Misaki, Sagami Bay, Kanagawa (between 35°08′48″N, 139°34′41″E, 87 m depth and 35°08′38″N, 139°34′35″E, 89 m depth), Japan, collected by H. Kajihara.</p> <p>Sequences: From the holotype: LC178643, 28S (2104 bp); LC178692, 16S (507 bp); LC190964, COI (476 bp).</p> <p>Etymology: The new specific name is a noun in apposition, from the acronym for the Japanese Association for Marine Biology.</p> <p>Description: Anterior fragment, 2 cm long, 1 mm wide; anteriorly circular in cross-section, anterior 9 mm pure white; posteriorly flattened dorsoventrally, pinkish in colour (Fig. 2D); rhynchocoel (or proboscis) yellowish (Fig. 2E). Head pointed, not demarcated from body, but pair of transverse cephalic furrows present just anterior to mouth; no secondary furrows. Proboscis pore mid-ventral, opening between cephalic tip and mouth (Fig. 4D).</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality, Sagami Bay, Japan (present study).</p> <p>Remarks: Our generic assignment of Valencinura jambio depends almost entirely on the phylogenetic closeness of this taxon to Vu. bahusiensis in our analyses (Fig. 1) and should be regarded as tentative and provisional, because the species could equally likely belong to Valencinia or Valencinina based on internal morphology, data that are lacking for this species. In Valencinia, Valencinina and Valencinura, the proboscis pore is located far posterior to the cephalic tip. At least some species in Valencinia and Valencinura are similar to one another in external appearance. They supposedly differ in the presence (in Valencinura) or absence (in Valencinia) of (1) the proboscis inner longitudinal muscles and (2) the body-wall inner circular muscle layer in the foregut region (e.g. Bürger, 1895a; Bergendal, 1902; Senz, 1996). Valencinina and Valencinura are similar in having the proboscis anteroposteriorly differentiated into several regions. These two genera supposedly differ in the frontal organ, which is present in Valencinina but absent in Valencinura, and also in the outer longitudinal muscles in the posterior part of the proboscis, which are present in Valencinura but absent in Valencinina (Bergendal, 1902; Gibson, 1981b). Additional morphological data will be necessary to ascertain the generic affiliation of Vu. jambio.</p> <p>Valencinura jambio is almost certainly a different species from Valencinura bahusiensis and Valencinura bergendali Senz, 1996. The uncorrected p -distance for COI between Vu. jambio and Vu. bahusiensis (GU392026; Strand &amp; Sundberg, 2011) is 11.6%, a value considered high enough to indicate interspecific distance within any nemertean genus (cf. Sundberg et al., 2016b). The cephalic furrows seem to be lacking in Vu. bahusiensis, or at least are not as distinct as in Vu. jambio (Fig. 4C). In addition, the rhynchocoel and the proboscis are not evident on the dorsal surface of the body in the intestinal region, or at least are not as clearly evident as in Vu. jambio (Fig. 2E; cf. Strand et al., 2010: 122, unnumbered fig. with the caption ‘13 × naturlig storlek’).</p> <p>Information on the external features of living animals and barcode sequences are lacking for Vu. bergendali. Compared to Vu. bergendali, we ventured to establish Vu. jambio on the basis of smaller body diameter (~ 1 mm vs. 2.5 mm in Vu. bergendali) and geographical separation (Vu. jambio in Japan; Vu. bergendali in the Adriatic Sea). As the ending of the generic name suggests (-ura, from the Greek οὐρά, ‘tail’), the type species Vu. bahusiensis possesses a caudal cirrus, while Vu. bergendali lacks one. It remains to be determined whether Vu. jambio has a caudal cirrus.</p> <p>Valencinura jambio differs from all potential members of Valencinia, although the latter genus requires taxonomic study with fresh material. As Corrêa (1956) has pointed out, Valencinia was established without typespecies fixation for the four nominal species Valencinia dubia Quatrefages, 1846; Valencinia longirostris Quatrefages, 1846; Valencinia ornata Quatrefages, 1846; and Valencinia splendida Quatrefages, 1846. Valencinia dubia (having eyes, and thus differing from Vu. jambio) was subsequently regarded as species inquirenda (Bürger, 1904: 78); Vi. ornata was synonymized with Tubulanus superbus (Kölliker, 1845) (Bürger, 1904: 13); and Vi. splendida was synonymized with Tubulanus polymorphus Renier, 1804 (Bürger, 1895a: 517). This left Vi. longirostris as the only species that Friedrich (1936: 34) considered valid, which prompted Corrêa (1956: 204) to designate it as the type species.</p> <p>Some other nominal species in Valencinia are no longer regarded as congeneric. These include Valencinia annulata Stimpson, 1855 [now Tubulanus annulatus (Montagu, 1804)]; Valencinia armandi McIntosh, 1875 (now Carinoma armandi); Valencinia elegans Stimpson, 1857 (now Tubulanus annulatus); Valencinia lineformis McIntosh, 1874 (nomen dubium, having eyes); Valencinia phalaerata Gay, 1849 (nomen dubium); and Valencinia rubens Coe, 1895 (now Zygeupolia rubens) (see: Gibson, 1995: 533–535 for more details).</p> <p>Hereweelevate Valencinialongirostris var. rava Bürger, 1895a to species rank as Valencinia rava; rava is an available species-group name in accordance with Article 45.6 of the Code (ICZN, 1999). Originally established as Valencinia longirostris var. rava from Naples (along with a redescription of Vi. longirostris, also from Naples), this species was later regarded as subspecies Joubinia longirostris rava (Bürger, 1904: 86). Recognizing two subspecies in the same locality, however, is not in accord with the modern concept of subspecies (Mayr, 1982; Monroe, 1982). As opposed to Vi. longirostris (posteriorly pink as in Vu. jambio), Vi. rava is posteriorly yellowish grey (and is thus different from Vu. jambio). The species Valencinia blanca Bürger, 1895a has a uniformly white body and, thus, also differs from Vu. jambio. For the three potentially valid species Vi. blanca, Vi. longirostris, and Vi. rava, no earlier researchers (e.g. Quatrefages, 1846; Hubrecht, 1879; Bürger, 1895a; Corrêa, 1956) described cephalic furrows, which are present in Vu. jambio. Indeed, Hubrecht (1879: 208) mentioned, as part of the generic diagnosis, that no cephalic furrows or fissures are present in Valencinia.</p> <p>Morphologically, Valencinia shares with Cephalomastax an unusual proboscis musculature in which the proboscis nerve lies between the two (inner and outer) longitudinal muscle layers, an arrangement unique in the phylum (Norenburg, 1993; Chernyshev, 2011a). To the extent that this morphological similarity indicates a close phylogenetic relationship, Valencinia is presumably more closely related to Cephalomastax than to Valencinura, which supports our placement of Vu. jambio in Valencinura rather than in Valencinia, despite their close relationship in our phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1). Valencinura jambio differs from the two species in Valencinina in body colour: Valencinina albula Gibson, 1981b is cream white overall, whereas Valencinina hubrechti Senz, 2001 is uniformly light brown.</p> <p>Aside from species in Valencinia, Valencinina and Valencinura, Vu. jambio differs in the following features from all other known heteronemerteans lacking horizontal lateral cephalic slits: in habitat (marine) from Apatronemertes, Planolineus and Siolineus (freshwater); in phylogenetic position (Fig. 1) from Baseodiscus, Cephalomastax, Oxypolella, Riserius, Sonnenemertes and Zygeupolia; in the nature of the cephalic furrows (paired and disjunct) from Oxypolia beaumontiana (continuous, encircling the head; Punnett, 1901); in body colour (anteriorly white; pink in the intestinal region) from Paralineopsis taki (blueish white anteriorly; foregut region pale yellow; intestinal region milky white; Iwata, 1993), Paramicrura borborophila (light beige-brown to pink-brown; Gibson &amp; Sundberg, 1992), Parapolia aurantiaca (bright orange; Coe, 1895), Parapolia grytvikensis (pinkish brown; Wheeler, 1934), Poliopsis lacazei (dark pink; Joubin, 1890) and Pseudobaseodiscus nonsulcatus (light pink; Senz, 1993). Valencinura jambio further differs from Poliopsis in lacking the peculiar dorsal and ventral medial furrows on the head that are present in the latter (Joubin, 1890).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE79ED55FEE2CA2BFB35FB0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE78ED52FC8ACA85FD88FE8B.text	038A8132EE78ED52FC8ACA85FD88FE8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Valencinura bahusiensis Bergendal 1902	<div><p>VALENCINURA BAHUSIENSIS BERGENDAL, 1902</p> <p>Valencinura bahusiensis Bergendal, 1902: 14–18, figs 4–6; Strand et al., 2010: 122, with three unnumbered figures.</p> <p>Sequence: GU392026, COI (692 bp), determined by Strand &amp; Sundberg (2011).</p> <p>External features: Strand et al. (2010: 122) gave the following summary for the species: ‘Length up to 6 cm, width up to 2 mm. An inconspicuous heteronemertean lacking eyes, furrows and slits. Body stout, circular in cross section, whitish with greyish tinge posteriorly. Anterior end tapering to a pointed nose, posterior end broad and blunt with a caudal cirrus. Mouth visible as an orange dot ventrally.’</p> <p>Distribution: Swedish west coast, outside Lysekil and in the Kosterfjord (Bergendal, 1902; Strand et al., 2010; Strand &amp; Sundberg, 2011).</p> <p>Remarks: According to Strand et al. (2010), the specimen sequenced was collected in 2007 from a depth of 30 m on a rough-sandy seabed with a mixture of algal residue and other organic material.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE78ED52FC8ACA85FD88FE8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE7FED52FF1DCF0EFB19FEE9.text	038A8132EE7FED52FF1DCF0EFB19FEE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus Diesing 1850	<div><p>GENUS BASEODISCUS DIESING, 1850</p> <p>Polia Delle Chiaje, 1822 in Delle Chiaje (1822–29) (see Remarks below); not Polia Ochsenheimer, 1816: 73 (Lepidoptera).</p> <p>Baseodiscus Diesing, 1850: 243; type species Polia delineata Delle Chiaje, 1822, fixed by monotypy.</p> <p>Taeniosoma Stimpson, 1857: 162; type species not fixed (either Taeniosoma aequale Stimpson, 1857 or Taeniosoma septemlineatum Stimpson, 1857).</p> <p>Eupolia Hubrecht, 1887: 10–11; type species Polia delineata Delle Chiaje, 1822, fixed by original designation.</p> <p>Balanocephalus Kennel, 1891: 282; type species Balanocephalus pellucidus Kennel, 1891, fixed by monotypy.</p> <p>Nematodemus Graff, 1899: 513; type species Nematodemus lumbricoides Graff, 1899, fixed by monotypy.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Given by Gibson (1994: 114). An additional feature is the proboscis musculature consisting of inner circular, middle diagonal, and outer longitudinal layers (Magarlamov &amp; Chernyshev, 2011).</p> <p>Remarks: The publication year of the generic name Polia Delle Chiaje is 1822 rather than 1825 (e.g. Gibson, 1995: 475) or 1827 (e.g. Neave, 1940: 844) as previously regarded, in accordance with Article 12.2.7 of the Code (ICZN, 1999); the type species has not been fixed. The name Polia Delle Chiaje was first used for the following six nominal species, originally appearing as captions for plates supposedly published in 1822, while the written descriptions for these species were supplied in Volume 2 (issued in 1825 or 1827) (see Remarks for Baseodiscus delineatus below) or Volume 3 (issued in 1828): Polia caerulescens Delle Chiaje, 1822 (pl. XLIII, fig. 9) (description in Volume 3 as ‘ P. cilestra ’: 172–173); Polia delineata Delle Chiaje, 1822 (pl. XXVIII, fig. 4) (description in Volume 2 as ‘ P. lineata ’ on p. 409 and as ‘ P. delineata ’ on pp. 427–428; the specific name also appears on p. 444 in the explanations for plates); Polia geniculata Delle Chiaje, 1822 (pl. XLIII, fig. 10; LXXVIII, figs 5, 6) (description in Volume 3: 177); Polia oculata Delle Chiaje, 1822 (LXXVIII, fig. 8) (description in Volume 3: 172, 177; the name also occurs on p. 181 in the explanations for plates); Polia punctata Delle Chiaje, 1822 (pl. LXVIII, figs 7, 11) (description in Volume 3, as ‘ P. punteggiata ’ on p. 172 and ‘ P. punctata ’ on p. 177; the name also occurs on p. 181 in the explanations for plates); and Polia siphunculus Delle Chiaje, 1822 (pl. XXVIII, figs 1–3) (description in Volume 2, as ‘ P. sipuncolo ’ on pp.406–408 and ‘ P. sipunculus ’ on p. 427). However, these complications do not overturn precedence of the senior homonym Polia Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Lepidoptera: Noctulidae) over Polia Delle Chiaje, 1822.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE7FED52FF1DCF0EFB19FEE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE7FED50FC90CFE6FE11FD91.text	038A8132EE7FED50FC90CFE6FE11FD91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus takakurai Gibson, LC 1995	<div><p>BASEODISCUS TAKAKURAI GIBSON, 1995</p> <p>(FIGS 2F, 6A–E)</p> <p>Eupolia sp.: Takakura, 1898: 185, fig. 8 (Misaki, Japan).</p> <p>Baseodiscus takakurai Gibson, 1995: 304, 367; Kajihara, 2017: 423, fig. 16.2.</p> <p>Material examined: ICHUM 6266, transverse sections, 5 µm thick, Mallory, 43 slides, along with unsectioned body fragment in 99% EtOH; March 2012, under stone, subtidal, 10 m depth, SCUBA diving, mouth of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.61473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.16417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.61473/lat 35.16417)">Koajiro Bay</a> (35°09′51″N, 139°36′53″E), K a n a g awa, Ja p a n, c o l l e c t e d b y H. K o h t s u k a. ICHUM 6306, body fragment in 99% EtOH, 4 June 2012, among laminarian holdfasts, rocky intertidal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.85362&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.211945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.85362/lat 43.211945)">Oshoro Bay</a> (43°12′43″N, 140°51′13″E), Hokkaido, Japan, collected by H. Kajihara. ICHUM 6307, body fragment in 99% EtOH, collection data same as for ICHUM 6266. ICHUM 6309, body fragment in 99% EtOH, juvenile, 18 April 2014, among roots of the seagrass Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino, Oshoro Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, collected by H. Kajihara. ICHUM 6308, anterior body fragment (~ 70 cm long) in 99% EtOH, 24 August 2016, among sunken scallop shells used for sea cucumber mariculture, 5 m depth, 300 m offshore, Date (42°27′30″N, 140°52′03″E), Hokkaido, Japan, collected by H. Kajihara.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6266: LC178612, 28S (2120 bp); LC178645, H3 (331 bp); LC178654, 16S (507 bp). From ICHUM 6306: LC178583, 18S (1795 bp); LC178610, 28S (2094 bp); LC178652, 16S (506 bp). From ICHUM 6307: LC178611, 28S (2121 bp); LC178644, H3 (331 bp); LC178653, 16S (507 bp); LC190937, COI (658 bp). From ICHUM 6309: LC178584, 18S (1793 bp); LC178613, 28S (2120 bp); LC178646, H3 (331 bp); LC178655 16S (507 bp); LC190938, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Description: Background body colour wheat to light orange, mottled with black to dark brown patches of varying size and shape (Figs 2F, 6A, B); body markings uniformly distributed both dorsally and ventrally in large specimens, but only dorsally in juveniles (Fig. 6C, D). Head demarcated from body with transverse cephalic furrow; secondary furrows present. Mouth mid-ventral, behind cephalic furrow (Fig. 6A). Eyes numerous, arranged along cephalic margin on each side, also on dorsal surface of head just anterior to cephalic furrow (sparse near midline). No caudal cirrus. Proboscis pore terminal. Rhynchocoel wall consisting of inner longitudinal and outer circular muscle layers. Proboscis wall composed of glandular epithelium, neural plexus, outer longitudinal muscle layer, and inner circular muscle layer (Fig. 6E).</p> <p>Distribution: So far confirmed only from eastern Japan: Misaki, Honshu (type locality; Takakura, 1898; present study); Date, Hokkaido (present study); and Oshoro, Hokkaido (present study).</p> <p>Remarks: Takakura (1898) recorded an unidentified form as Eupolia sp., stating that it resembled Eupolia antillensis Bürger, 1895a. Gibson (1995) mistakenly thought that Takakura (1898) had established a new taxon with the specific name antillensis, and introduced the new name Baseodiscus takakurai for Takakura’s (1898) Eupolia sp.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE7FED50FC90CFE6FE11FD91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE7DED50FF18CC17FA73FE2E.text	038A8132EE7DED50FF18CC17FA73FE2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus profundus Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>BASEODISCUS PROFUNDUS SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 2G)</p> <p>Baseodiscinae sp. 21DS: Chernyhsev &amp; Polyakova, 2018: 125, 128, 130, table 1, fig. 1F, fig. 4B.</p> <p>Baseodiscinae sp. 7DS: Cheryshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018: 125, table 1.</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: C 8 9 2 A 8 8 C - D E B F - 4 4 A 5 - A D 1 C - 0DE7D9823B69.</p> <p>Material examined: Two specimens, collected by A. V. Chernyshev. Holotype, MIMB 42257, 22 July 2015, S/ V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev, station 7-1, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=151.00667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 151.00667/lat 46.95)">Sea of Okhotsk</a> (46°57.0′N, 151°05.0′E), 3300 m depth, mud. Paratype, MIMB 42258, 23 July 2015, S/ V Akademik M. A. Lavrentyev, station 7-11, Sea of Okhotsk (46°57.0′N, 151°00.4′E), 3306 m depth, mud.</p> <p>Sequences: Determined by Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova (2018). From the holotype (as Baseodiscinae sp. 21DS): MF512047, 16S (499 bp); MF512072, 18S (1760 bp); MF512098, 28S (359bp); MF512140, H3 (331bp). From the paratype (as Baseodiscinae sp. 7DS): MF512045, 16S (499 bp); MF512070, 18S (1770 bp); MF512096, 28S (1050 bp); MF512138, H3 (331 bp).</p> <p>Etymology: The new specific name is the Latin adjective profundus meaning ‘deep’.</p> <p>Description: Body 25–27 mm long, 1.0–1.2 mm wide, cylindrical in foregut region and slightly flattened in region of intestine; head dark rose, body pale rose, yellowish gonads visible through integument (Fig. 2G); thin transverse furrows present; secondary furrows not confirmed; eyes absent; mouth small, pit-like. Diagonal muscle layer absent in proboscis (Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018).</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the Sea of Okhotsk (Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova, 2018).</p> <p>Remarks: This new species differs from other species in the genus in having a relatively small, narrow body lacking any specific colour patterning. Baseodiscus profundus may be unique within the genus in lacking the proboscis inner diagonal musculature, which has been confirmed in all the other congeners studied so far (Magarlamov &amp; Chernyshev, 2011; Chernyshev, 2015).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE7DED50FF18CC17FA73FE2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE7DED51FC74CFADFACCFB85.text	038A8132EE7DED51FC74CFADFACCFB85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus narusei Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>BASEODISCUS NARUSEI SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 2H, I, 7A)</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 7 5 D 6 F E 5 2 - E A 1 1 - 4 5 5 1 - 8 E 6 F - FDAB23BDFD06.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype, ICHUM 6310, entire body and extracted total DNA preserved in 99% EtOH; 26 September 2011, among dead coral, ~ 10 m depth, SCUBA, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.61473&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.16417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.61473/lat 35.16417)">Amitori Bay</a> (35°09′51″N, 139°36′53″E), Iriomote Island, Japan, collected by T. Naruse.</p> <p>Sequences: From the holotype: LC178598, 18S (1801 bp); LC178628, 28S (2110 bp); LC178675, 16S (504 bp); LC190951, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Etymology: The new specific name is a noun in the genitive case, after Dr Tohru Naruse (University of the Ryukyus), a Japanese decapod crustacean researcher, who found the type material.</p> <p>Description: Background body colour pale greyish, densely mottled with chocolate brown pigment except laterally (Figs 2H, I, 7A). Mouth large (Fig. 2I), opening twice as long as head (i.e. from tip of head to cephalic furrow).</p> <p>Distribution: So far known only from the type locality, Iriomote Island, at the southern margin of the East China Sea (present study).</p> <p>Remarks: Baseodiscus narusei is most closely related to B. paracelensis; both species have a pale beige background with dark-brown mottling, but B. narusei differs from the latter in having the lateral margins of the body white. In addition, the mottling is fainter in B. narusei than in B. paracelensis, where the contrast between the mottling and the background colour is sharper. The two species differ at two of the 220 amino-acid positions translated from the 658-bp COI sequences: position 121, valine in B. narusei, isoleucine in B. paracelensis; position 140, valine in B. narusei, alanine in B. paracelensis.</p> <p>At least one of the food items of Baseodiscus narusei seems to be the big blue octopus Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 (see Potential food items below).</p> <p>Sequences: From the holotype: LC178600, 18S (1773 bp); LC178649, H3 (331 bp); LC178678, 16S (504 bp); LC190952, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Etymology: The new specific name is an adjective, referring to the type locality.</p> <p>Description: Body about 1 m long; background body colour pale peach yellow, mottled with amorphous, reddish brown markings, mostly dots and longitudinal lines that often merge with one another (Figs 2J, 7B). Eyes numerous. Mouth long, slit-like. Cephalic furrows well developed.</p> <p>Distribution: So far known only from the type locality, the South China Sea (present study).</p> <p>Remarks: With the entire body having a pale beige background mottled with brownish, B. paracelensis might previously have been confused with B. delineatus (e.g. Bürger, 1904; Gibson, 1979); however, they can easily be distinguished in that the mottles are anteroposteriorly fused to form continuous stripes, especially in the posterior part of the body, and evenly separated in B. delineatus, whereas the stripes are more often broken and irregularly separated in B. paracelensis. Baseodiscus paracelensis looks similar to B. takakurai, but differs from the latter in the colour of the mottles, which are more paler than those in B. takakurai. In Figure 1, it is the sister-species to B. narusei.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE7DED51FC74CFADFACCFB85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE7CED51FF1DC871FDA9F8DB.text	038A8132EE7CED51FF1DC871FDA9F8DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus paracelensis Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>BASEODISCUS PARACELENSIS SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 2J, 7B)</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 33BCC3BA-792C-443E-A579-27E06A9E8A5B.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype, MIMB 33132 (morphological voucher), ICHUM 6311 (DNA voucher), 26 January 2005, subtidal, among dead coral, 69 m depth, off the <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.793335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.126667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.793335/lat 16.126667)">Paracel Islands</a> (16°07′36″N, 114°47′36″E), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.793335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.126667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.793335/lat 16.126667)">South</a> China Sea, collected by A. V. Chernyshev during an expedition on S/ V Academic Oparin.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE7CED51FF1DC871FDA9F8DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE7CED5EFC4FCA14FD60FC67.text	038A8132EE7CED5EFC4FCA14FD60FC67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus komatsui Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>BASEODISCUS KOMATSUI SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 2K, 6F)</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 28FE54EB-D2A3-4D1F-9A60-302696A12338.</p> <p>Material examined: Two specimens; detailed depth information lacking for both, but probably&lt;20 m depth. Holotype, NMNS-Ne 1 (DNA voucher ICHUM 6342), 27 June 2014, subtidal, SCUBA diving, Nishijima-Oiwa (27°07′06″N, 142°10′19″E), <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.17195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.118334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.17195/lat 27.118334)">Ogasawara Islands</a>, Japan, collected by H. Komatsu. Paratype, ICHUM 6312, 27 May 2001, subtidal, SCUBA diving, among coral rubble, Kakeroma-jima (c. 28°7′29″N, 129°14′41″E), Kagoshima, Japan, collected by H. Kajihara.</p> <p>Sequences: From the holotype: LC178597, 18S (1775 bp); LC178627, 28S (2107 bp); LC178648, H3 (331 bp); LC178673, 16S (504 bp). From the paratype: LC178596, 18S (1798 bp); LC178626, 28S (2123 bp); LC178672, 16S (479 bp).</p> <p>Etymology: The new specific name is a noun in the genitive case, after Dr Hironori Komatsu (National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan), a Japanese carcinologist, who collected the holotype specimen.</p> <p>Description: Background body colour beige, uniformly mottled with brown to dark-olive dots and lines on dorsal, ventral and lateral surfaces of body (Figs 2K, 6F). Eyes and cephalic furrows (with secondary furrows) present, as in congeners. In life, holotype 120 cm long, 8 mm wide; paratype, 16 cm long, 2.5 mm wide.</p> <p>Distribution: So far known from the Ogasawara Islands (type locality) and the island of Kakeromajima in Japanese waters, but probably more widely distributed in warm waters in the western Pacific.</p> <p>Remarks: The mottling pattern in Baseodiscus komatsui resembles that in B. takakurai, but the two species differ in body colour: the mottling is much paler in the former than in the latter, where it is dark brown or black; the background colour is light beige in B. komatsui, yellowish in B. takakurai. The mottling tends to be blurred in the posterior part of the body in B. komatsui. These two species differ at six of the 220 amino-acid positions translated from the 658-bp COI sequences: positions 118 and 122, alanine in B. komatsui, serine in B. takakurai; 126, glycine in B. komatsui, alanine in B. takakurai; 154, isoleucine in B. komatsui, valine in B. takakurai; 159, arginine in B. komatsui, leucine in B. takakurai; 190, glycine in B. komatsui, alanine in B. takakurai.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE7CED5EFC4FCA14FD60FC67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE73ED5FFC74CC9FFE7AFEEA.text	038A8132EE73ED5FFC74CC9FFE7AFEEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus giribeti Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>BASEODISCUS GIRIBETI SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 2M)</p> <p>Baseodiscus sp. DNA105588: Andrade et al., 2012: 157 (Bocas del Toro, Panama).</p> <p>Baseodiscus unicolor: Kvist et al., 2014: 291 (in part) (Bocas del Toro, Panama).</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: A 1 7 D 4 3 F D - E F D E - 4 7 D A - B 4 1 C - 9CE5B4871DDB.</p> <p>Material examined: Photographs of type material, taken by G. Giribet. Holotype, MCZ IZ-135324 (MCZ DNA105588), 30 March 2006, Isla <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.21694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.310167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.21694/lat 9.310167)">Solarte</a> (09 °18′ 36.6″N, 82 °13′ 01 ″W), Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama, collected by G. Giribet.</p> <p>Sequences: From the holotype: JF293046, 18S (1772 bp); HQ856866, 28S (1863 bp); JF277749, H3 (326 bp); JF277569, 16S (449 bp); HQ848589, COI (657 bp). Determined by Andrade et al. (2012) and deposited in GenBank as Baseodiscus sp. 2 SA-2011.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name is dedicated to the collector of the type material, Prof. Gonzalo Giribet (Harvard University), for his remarkable contribution to the systematics of not only nemerteans but also Metazoa in general.</p> <p>Description: Body uniformly pale brown in colour, without any distinctive colour pattern (Fig. 2M).</p> <p>Distribution: So far detected only on the Caribbean coast of Panama (present study).</p> <p>Remarks: In our ML tree (Fig. 1), Baseodiscus giribeti was most closely related to B. unicolor. They differed by 5.6% in uncorrected P -distance for 16S (KF 935452, KF935459, JF277569 vs. KF935451, EF 124865) and 9.0% for COI (HQ 848589 vs. KF 935505) [KF935452 and JF277569 are from the same specimen, IZ- 135324 (MCZ DNA105588)].</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE73ED5FFC74CC9FFE7AFEEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE73ED5EFF48CA64FA84FD14.text	038A8132EE73ED5EFF48CA64FA84FD14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus unicolor Stiasny-Wijnhoff 1925	<div><p>BASEODISCUS UNICOLOR STIASNY- WIJNHOFF, 1925</p> <p>(FIG. 2L)</p> <p>Baseodiscus unicolor Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1925: 103, textfig.3, pl. V, fig.7 (Spanish Water, Curaçao); Schwartz, 2009: 68, figs 22E, 23A–F (Cat Cay, Belize); Kvist et al., 2014: 291, in part (Bocas del Toro, Panama).</p> <p>Sequences: KF935284, 18S (1770 bp); KF935340, 28S (2061 bp); KF935396, H3 (238 bp); KF935451, 16S (506 bp); KF935505, COI (658 bp); determined by Kvist et al. (2014) and deposited in GenBank as isolate SK68, based on MCZ DNA 106302, derived from a specimen found in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama, ~ 17 m depth, 18 March 2011, collected and identified by G. Giribet and deposited in MCZ under catalogue number IZ-135323. EF124865, 16S (539 bp), from isolate 694, collected and identified by M. Schwartz ‘from an extensive field of Porites sp. coral rubble around the edges of a mangrove channel at a depth of 0.5 m’ at Cat Cay, Belize (Schwartz, 2009: 68).</p> <p>External features: Body brown to reddish brown in colour, without any distinctive pattern (Fig. 2L) (cf. Schwartz, 2009: 69).</p> <p>Distribution: Spanish Water, Curaçao (type locality; S t i a s n y - W i j n h o f f, 1 9 2 5); C a t C a y, B e l i z e</p> <p>(Schwartz, 2009); Manawar Cay, Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama (Kvist et al., 2014).</p> <p>Remarks: We regard the two specimens analysed to represent B. unicolor. Stiasny-Wijnhoff (1925: 103) described the body colour as ‘a dark reddish brown without any markings’ after ‘preservation with sublimate and alcool [sic]’. There appear to be two distinct species along the Caribbean coasts of Central and South America, both having brownish body colour without any distinctive patterning. They seem to differ in the shade/depth of the brown colour; the dark-brown form should be referred to by the name B. unicolor in reference to Stiasny-Wijnhoff ’s (1925) original description. For the pale-coloured form, we establish B. giribeti; see Remarks for that species (following).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE73ED5EFF48CA64FA84FD14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE72ED5FFF27CFD8FB61FAF5.text	038A8132EE72ED5FFF27CFD8FB61FAF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus amboinensis (Staub 1900)	<div><p>BASEODISCUS CF. AMBOINENSIS (STAUB, 1900)</p> <p>(FIG. 2N)</p> <p>? Eupolia amboinensis Staub, 1900: 594, 597–599 (78, 81–83 in an alternative pagination), pl. XLVII, fig. 1, 1a, 1b, pl. XLVIII, figs 1–5 (Ambon, Indonesia).</p> <p>? Eupolia reticulata Staub, 1900: 594–595, 599–601 (78–79, 83–85 in an alternative pagination), pl. XLVII, fig. 2, 2a, pl. XLVIII, figs 6–9 (Ambon, Indonesia).</p> <p>Baseodiscus delineatus: Chernyshev, 2011b: 22–23, fig. 1C (Cù Lao Thu Island, Vietnam).</p> <p>Baseodiscus jonasii: Chernyshev, 2015: 548–549 (Cù Lao Thu Island, Vietnam); Chernyshev, 2016: 289, fig. 4A (Cù Lao Thu Island, Vietnam).</p> <p>Material examined: One specimen (DNA voucher ICHUM 6313), 18 May 2010, among dead corals, 6–9 m depth, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.533334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.916664/lat 10.533334)">Cù Lao Thu Island</a> (10°32′N, 108°55′E), Vietnam, collected by A. V. Chernyshev.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6313: LC178599, 18S (1804 bp); LC178629, 28S (2086 bp); LC178676, 16S (508 bp).</p> <p>Description: In life, the specimen examined (Fig. 2N) was ‘about 1 m long, ground colour pale yellowish with numerous reddish brown longitudinal stripes situated irregularly on both dorsal and ventral surfaces; about 80–90 eyes on each side of head; transverse cephalic furrows present, each with 50–60 secondary grooves’ (Chernyshev, 2016: 289). The mouth is small and rounded, not slit-like (Chernyshev, 2016, fig. 4A).</p> <p>Remarks: In the preserved state, Staub’s (1900) material of Eupolia amboinensis from Ambon, Indonesia, reached 30 cm in body length and 5 mm in width, with a dark background body colour having light-brown longitudinal stripes, which are interrupted, branched and reticulate. Eupolia reticulata, also from Ambon, reached up to 27cm long and 6 mm wide (Staub, 1900), and had nearly the same external appearance as Eupolia amboinensis, and thus can be regarded as conspecific; indeed, Gibson (1979) synonymized these two nominal species under Baseodiscus delineatus, although with some reservation.</p> <p>Our specimen from the South China Sea has a bright yellowish background colour, entirely overlain with longitudinal, intermittent, reddish brown stripes, which are more closely set relative to one another than in Baseodiscus delineatus (Fig. 3C), making it difficult to tell which (bright yellow or reddish brown) is the background colour, especially in the posterior part of the body. The brown stripes appear to be narrower than those in Baseodiscus cf. curtus (Fig. 3F). Our specimen is thus compatible with Staub’s (1900) descriptions and illustrations of Eupolia amboinensis and E. reticulata. The geographical distance of ~ 2600 km between the South China Sea and Banda Sea localities leaves room for doubt as to the identification of our material as Baseodiscus amboinensis. Barcode sequences from topotypes will be necessary to resolve this uncertainty.</p> <p>Due to insufficient knowledge of the genetic diversity among species of Baseodiscus in the tropical Indo-West Pacific, our material was tentatively identified first as Baseodiscus delineatus (Chernyshev, 2011b) and then as Baseodiscus jonasii (Chernyshev, 2015, 2016). The uncorrected p -distance for 16S sequences between our material (LC 178676) and Baseodiscus jonasii (AY 955231) was 4.3%, which is greater than some values known between congeneric lineid heteronemertean species that were confirmed to be biologically different by cross-fertilization experiments, e.g. 4.0% (Hiebert &amp; Maslakova, 2015) between Maculaura alaskensis (Coe, 1901a) and Maculaura oregonensis Hiebert &amp; Maslakova, 2015, and 2.8% (Ikenaga et al., 2021) between Kulikovia alborostrata (Takakura, 1898) and Kulikovia fulva (Iwata, 1954). Our specimen differs from B. jonasii in that the background and stripe colours are reversed between the two species: in B. jonasii, the background colour is reddish brown and the stripes are yellowish beige (Strand et al., 2005), as in Borlasia striata Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833 from Guam. The latter has a red background colour with pale reddish stripes (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833: 286, pl. 24, figs 3, 4), and thus may be a senior synonym of B. jonasii.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE72ED5FFF27CFD8FB61FAF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE72ED5CFC9CCBFAFD9CFEAA.text	038A8132EE72ED5CFC9CCBFAFD9CFEAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus jonasii STRAND ET AL. 2005	<div><p>BASEODISCUS JONASII STRAND ET AL., 2005</p> <p>Baseodiscus jonasii Strand et al., 2005: 3792, fig. 3 (Solomon Islands).</p> <p>? Borlasia striata Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833 (Guam).</p> <p>Sequence: AY955231, 16S (470 bp), determined from a paratype by Strand et al. (2005).</p> <p>Distribution: So far known only from the Solomon Islands (Strand et al., 2005).</p> <p>Remarks: According to Strand et al. (2005), sequence AY955230 (16S, 471 bp) came from the holotype. Although we did not include this sequence in our analysis, it is identical with AY955231 except for one nucleotide insertion. Borlasia striata Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833 from Guam may be a senior synonym of Baseodiscus jonasii (see Remarks for B. cf. amboinensis above).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE72ED5CFC9CCBFAFD9CFEAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE71ED5CFF50CF36FAD4FCBC.text	038A8132EE71ED5CFF50CF36FAD4FCBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus hemprichii (Ehrenberg 1831)	<div><p>BASEODISCUS HEMPRICHII (EHRENBERG, 1831)</p> <p>(FIG. 2O)</p> <p>Nemertes hemprichii Ehrenberg, 1831 in Ehrenberg (1828 –1831): 64. For additional synonyms, see: Gibson (1979), Kazmi &amp; Gibson (1994), Kajihara &amp; Kato (2008) and Shrinivaasu et al. (2011).</p> <p>Material examined: Four specimens; extracted total DNA and remaining body preserved in 99% EtOH. ICHUM 6314, 6315, 22 May 2008, rocky intertidal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.967224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.035833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.967224/lat 27.035833)">Iheyajima</a> (27°02′09″N, 127°58′02″E), Okinawa, Japan, collected by K. Kakui; ICHUM 6316, 6317, 25 May 2001, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.03835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.824446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.03835/lat 30.824446)">Tanegashima</a>, Kagoshima (30°49′28″N, 131°02′18″E), Japan, SCUBA, ~ 5 m depth, collected by H. Kajihara.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6314: LC178593, 18S (1793 bp); LC178623, 28S (2107 bp); LC178668, 16S (510 bp); LC190946, COI (658 bp). From ICHUM 6315: LC178594, 18S (1794 bp); LC178624, 28S (1095 bp); LC178669, 16S (512bp); LC190947, COI (658bp). From ICHUM 6316: LC178595, 18S (1794 bp); LC178625, 28S (2007bp); LC178670, 16S (510 bp); LC190948, COI (658 bp). From ICHUM 6317: LC178671, 16S (510 bp).</p> <p>Description: Body white, with cephalic patch and middorsal stripe (Fig. 2O), anterior end of latter widening laterally and reaching ventral side.</p> <p>Distribution: Widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea to Easter Island (summarized in Kajihara &amp; Hookabe, 2019, fig. 1).</p> <p>Remarks: Baseodiscus hemprichii is one of the few nemertean species that can be reliably identified by only the external appearance, even after preservation. It can reproduce asexually by fragmentation followed by anterior regeneration (Kajihara &amp; Hookabe, 2019). Kajihara &amp; Kato (2008) listed the diagnostic external features in this species, which include ‘whitish body, with head demarcated from the body by a transverse furrow encircling the neck; minute secondary furrows may be present in life, running anteriorly from the main transverse furrow, difficult to confirm in preserved state; numerous ocelli arranged along the margin of the head; a single dark-coloured (purplish, dark brown or black) cephalic patch situated at the posterior portion of the dorsal surface of the head; and a dorsal and ventral stripe of the same coloration as the cephalic patch; the anterior end of the dorsal stripe laterally widened to form a T-shaped collar’.</p> <p>Kazmi &amp; Gibson (1994) reported an individual from Karachi, Pakistan, in which the mid-dorsal stripe was discontinuous and regularly interrupted, as in B.edmondsoni Coe, 1934 from Hawaii (Coe, 1934, 1947). Given the sister-taxon relationship (Fig. 1) between B. hemprichii and a clade containing two ‘banded’ species (B. mexicanus and B. zebra), B. hemprichii sensu Kazmi &amp; Gibson (1994) may possibly represent a hybrid between B. hemprichii s.s. and one of these banded forms, or yet one more new species.</p> <p>Baseodiscus unistriatus (Isler, 1900), with a whitish body and a dark-coloured (olive green or black) middorsal stripe, is known from Sri Lanka (Isler, 1900), Maldive Islands (Punnett, 1903) and the Red Sea (Gibson, 1974). Although our study does not include B. unistriatus, the body coloration of that species suggests a close relationship to B. hemprichii. Baseodiscus hemprichii seems to feed on terebellid polychaetes (see Potential food items below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE71ED5CFF50CF36FAD4FCBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE71ED5DFC42CD45FD5DFCBF.text	038A8132EE71ED5DFC42CD45FD5DFCBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus zebra Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>BASEODISCUS ZEBRA SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 2P)</p> <p>Baseodiscus mexicanus: Colin &amp; Arneson, 1995: 150– 151, fig. 686 (Palau); Chernyshev &amp; Volvenko, 2008: 106 (Komodo, Indonesia); Kajihara, Yoshida &amp; Uyeno, 2012: 754–755, fig. 2A, B (Okinawa, Japan); Kajihara, 2017: 423, fig. 16.2d.</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: EAA8D387-3EC0-4F9B-AE38-2DED799D7DFB.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype, RUMF-ZN-00001 (DNA voucher ICHUM 6317), 31 March 2012, 3–4 m depth, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.84417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.504444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.84417/lat 26.504444)">Cape Manza</a> (26°30′16″N, 127°50′39″E), On’na-son, west coast of Okinawa-jima, Japan, SCUBA, collected by D. Uyeno.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6317: LC178607, 18S (1795 bp); LC178639, 28S (2086 bp); LC178688, 16S (505 bp); LC190960, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Etymology: The new specific name is a noun in the nominative case, referring to the colour pattern of the species.</p> <p>Description: Head white, with indigo dorsal and ventral cephalic patches; with transverse cephalic furrow encircling neck; numerous secondary furrows present; numerous, small, black eyes distributed laterally along sides of head. Body white, with numerous bands of same colour as cephalic patches (Fig. 2P).</p> <p>Distribution: Although molecularly confirmed only from the type locality, Okinawa (Japan), B. zebra is probably distributed widely in the western Pacific.</p> <p>Remarks: Sequences LC190960 (COI) and LC178688 (16S) from the holotype differ by 12.6% and 6.8% in uncorrected p -distance from KF935503 (COI) and KF935449 (16S), respectively, both from MCZ IZ- 135321 collected in Baja California, Mexico and identified as B. mexicanus by G. Giribet (Kvist et al., 2014; MCZbase, www.mcz.harvard.edu). Kajihara et al. (2012) argued a possible amphi-Pacific distribution for B. mexicanus, but the western-Pacific population (possibly extending from Japan via Palau to Australia; Colin &amp; Arneson, 1995; Chernyshev &amp; Volvenko, 2008) is here regarded as a distinct species.</p> <p>Because the type locality of B. mexicanus is Mazatlán, Mexico (Bürger, 1893), the name mexicanus should be applied to the eastern-Pacific population, in which Coe (1940: 261) noted the colour to be variably brownish green, maroon, deep red, mahogany or brownish violet. The body colour appears to be generally reddish in B. mexicanus, whereas in B. zebra it is bluish.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE71ED5DFC42CD45FD5DFCBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE70ED5AFF0DCD3DFD0DF99F.text	038A8132EE70ED5AFF0DCD3DFD0DF99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus mexicanus (Burger 1893)	<div><p>BASEODISCUS MEXICANUS (BÜRGER, 1893)</p> <p>Eupolia mexicana Bürger, 1893: 236–238, pl. 8, fig. 6, pl. 9, figs 3–6 (Mexico); Joubin, 1905: 310 (Mexico).</p> <p>Taeniosoma mexicana: Coe, 1905: 89, 91–92, 97, 157 (Panama).</p> <p>Baseodiscus mexicanus: Coe, 1940: 252, 260–262, pl. 26, figs 24–26 (Mexico, Panama); Coe, 1944: 28 (Panama, Galapagos Islands); Friedrich, 1970: 4, 9, 11–14, table 2, fig. 3A–L (Chile); Hochberg &amp; Lunianski, 1998: 294 (Mexico, Colombia, Galapagos Islands).</p> <p>Material examined: None.</p> <p>Sequences: KF935281, 18S (1768 bp); KF935337, 28S (2088 bp); KF935393, H3 (227 bp); KF935449, 16S (503 bp); KF935503, COI (658 bp). Determined by Kvist et al. (2014) and deposited in GenBank as derived from isolate SK66; the voucher specimen has been deposited at the MCZ under catalogue number IZ-135321, preserved in 95% ethanol, collected on 30 December 2001, La Paz, Faro de Puerto Balandra, Baja California Sur, Mexico, identified by G. Giribet.</p> <p>External features: Body usually 20–80 cm long, but occasionally up to 2–4 m; with distinctive coloration pattern consisting of brownish green, maroon, deep red, mahogany or brownish violet background with numerous white rings encircling body at irregular intervals (Coe, 1940).</p> <p>Distribution: West coast of Mexico (Bürger, 1893; Joubin, 1905; Coe, 1940; Hochberg &amp; Lunianski 1998), Panama (Coe, 1905, 1940, 1944), Colombia (Hochberg &amp; Lunianski, 1998), Galapagos Islands (Coe, 1944;</p> <p>Hochberg &amp; Lunianski, 1998) and Chile (Friedrich, 1970).</p> <p>Remarks: Two partial 16S sequences deposited in GenBank, EF124863 (483 bp; La Paz, Mexico) and EF124918 (529 bp), both collected and identified by M. L. Schwartz as B. mexicanus, are identical with our sequence (KF 935449).</p> <p>BASEODISCUS QUINQUELINEATUS (QUOY &amp; GAIMARD, 1833)</p> <p>(FIG. 2Q)</p> <p>Borlasia quinquelineata Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833: 285, pl. 24, figs 1, 2 (New Guinea).</p> <p>Taeniosoma aequale Stimpson, 1857: 162 (Amami Ōshima, Japan).</p> <p>Taeniosoma septemlineatum Stimpson, 1857: 162 (Gaspar Island, Philippines).</p> <p>Eupolia novemlineata Bürger, 1893: 236, pl. 8, fig. 5 (Java, Indonesia).</p> <p>Eupolia quinquelineata: Bürger, 1893: 234–236, pl. 8, figs 2, 3 (Java and Timor, Indonesia); Bürger, 1895b: 26 (Singapore); Punnett, 1900a: 576, pl. 40, fig. 33 (New Caledonia; New Britain).</p> <p>Eupolia septemlineata: Bürger, 1895b: 26 (Australia).</p> <p>Eupolia melanogramma Punnett, 1900b: 113–117 (Singapore); Punnett, 1900c: 826 (Torres Straits).</p> <p>Eupolia trilineata Staub, 1900: 70 (595 in an alternative pagination): 85–86 (601–602), pl. 47, figs 2, 2a (Ambon, Indonesia).</p> <p>Baseodiscus quinquelineatus: Gibson, 1979: 153– 157, figs 7C–F, 8 (Australia); Gibson &amp; Sundberg, 2002: 1790, fig. 3 (Rove, west of Honiara, Solomon Islands); Putchakarn, 2009: 28 (Gulf of Thailand); Venkataraman et al., 2012: 64 (India); Kajihara, 2017: 423, fig. 16.2f (Okinawa, Japan).</p> <p>Material examined: Three specimens; extracted total DNA and remaining body preserved in 99% EtOH. ICHUM 6319, 4.5 m long, 1.2 cm wide, 24 November 2014, Irabu-jima (24°48′40″N, 125°10′54″E), collected by R. Yoshida. ICHUM 6320, 1.2 m long, 1 cm wide, 21 May 2005, Bisezaki (26°42′35″N, 127°52′47″E), Okinawa-jima, coral reef, ~ 1 m depth, collected by H. Kajihara. ICHUM 6321, 20 July 2013, Okinawa, collected by H. Yamasaki.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6319: LC178602, 18S (1789 bp); LC178650, H3 (331 bp); LC178683, 16S (518 bp); LC190955, COI (658 bp). From ICHUM 6320: LC178633, 28S (1111 bp); LC178681, 16S (517 bp). From ICHUM 6321: LC178634, 28S (1410 bp); LC178682, 16S (517 bp).</p> <p>Description: Body greyish white, with five (three dorsally, two ventrally) dark-brown longitudinal stripes (Fig. 2Q).</p> <p>Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. India (Venkataraman et al., 2012), Torres Straits (Punnett, 1900c), Gulf of Thailand (Putchakarn, 2009), Singapore (Bürger, 1895b; Punnett, 1900b), Indonesia (Bürger, 1893; Staub, 1900), Philippines (Stimpson, 1857), Japan (Stimpson, 1857; Kajihara, 2017; present study), New Guinea (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833), Australia (Bürger, 1895b; Gibson, 1979), Solomon Islands (Gibson &amp; Sundberg, 2002), New Caledonia (Punnett, 1900a).</p> <p>Remarks: The most common type has three stripes dorsally and two ventrally, a feature shared by the nominal taxa Borlasia quinquelineata, Eupolia trilineata and Taeniosoma aequale. However, there is almost continuous variation between the condition in the common type and that seen in other nominal taxa; for example, the dorsal stripes on both sides can be doubled (as in Taeinosoma aequale) or tripled (as in Eupolia novemlineata), or anteriorly tripled and posteriorly doubled (as in Taeniosoma septemlineatum). Gibson (1979) tentatively listed these nominal taxa as potentially conspecific with Baseodiscus quinquelineatus and they are indeed likely to be so.</p> <p>Gibson (1979: 154; 1995: 368)listed Eupolia lineolata (Bürger, 1895a: 604; Bürger, 1895b: 28–29, pl. 2, figs 4, 8) from Tuamotus (originally given as ‘Paumatu-Ins.’ in Bürger, 1895a, b) and Upolu (Samoa) as possibly synonymous with Baseodiscus quinquelineatus. However, Baseodiscus lineolatus is probably a different species, because its stripes are discontinuous and more numerous than in B. quinquelineatus. The individual shown in an in situ, underwater photo in Colin &amp; Arneson (1995: 150, fig. 684) from Mactan Island (Cebu, Philippines) and identified as ‘ Baseodiscus delineatus ’, and another individual in Johnson &amp; Johnson (2019a) from the Marshall Islands identified as ‘ Baseodiscus cf. delineatus ’, show stripes like those illustrated by Bürger (1895b) for B. lineolatus. Baseodiscus quinquelineatus seems to feed on terebellid polychaetes (see Potential food items below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE70ED5AFF0DCD3DFD0DF99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE77ED5BFF42C818FDE6FE8B.text	038A8132EE77ED5BFF42C818FDE6FE8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus marmoratus (Burger 1890)	<div><p>BASEODISCUS AFF. MARMORATUS (BÜRGER, 1890)</p> <p>(FIGS 3A, 7C)</p> <p>? Eupolia marmorata Bürger, 1890: 24, pl. I, fig. 11, pl. II, fig. 26, pl. V, fig. 73.</p> <p>? Baseodiscus delineatus: Gibson, 1979: 139 (in part).</p> <p>Material examined: Two specimens, both collected by A. V. Chernyshev; one specimen (DNA voucher ICHUM 6322) collected 19 May 2010, among dead corals, 6–8 m depth, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.916664/lat 10.516666)">Cù Lao Thu Island</a> (10°31′N, 108°55′E), Vietnam; the other (DNA voucher ICHUM 6323) collected 26 May 2010, among dead corals, 5–10 m depth, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.51667/lat 15.883333)">Cù Lao Chàm Island</a> (15°53′N, 108°31′E), Vietnam.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6322: LC178585, 18S (1812 bp); LC178614, 28S (1114 bp); LC178656, 16S (516bp). From ICHUM 6323: LC178586, 18S (1808 bp); LC178657, 16S (516 bp).</p> <p>Description: Body about 20 cm long, pale yellowish, with numerous, brown, short, broken longitudinal stripes covering entire dorsal side (Fig. 3A); ventral surface of head without brown pigmentation; sparse brown patches present ventrally behind mouth (Fig. 7C). Head with approximately 60 eyes in each half.</p> <p>Distribution: Baseodiscus marmoratus s.s. (see below) is known only from Ambon, Indonesia (Bürger, 1890). Our material from Vietnam is of uncertain affinity to that species.</p> <p>Remarks: We identified our specimens from Vietnam with uncertainty as Baseodiscus aff. marmoratus. Bürger (1890) noted that his material for Eupolia marmorata from Ambon ranged from 3–4 mm wide × 6–8 cm long to 8 mm wide × 20 cm long; the mouth is small and pore-like; the background body colour is whitish; dorsally there are fine, anastomosing, dark-brown longitudinal lines of longitudinal striation, forming a dense network; ventrally, the edges of the striae are farther apart, leaving the background body colour more visible. Our specimens from Vietnam have the stripes more discontinuous and sparser than those in E. marmorata and thus may represent a different species. Reliable identification will require barcode sequences from topotypes.</p> <p>Bürger (1904: 82) synonymized Eupolia marmorata with B. curtus, and Gibson (1995: 368) later synonymized it with Baseodiscus delineatus. Here we combine the specific name marmorata with Baseodiscus, as B. marmoratus. Our material agrees with Bürger’s (1890) description and illustration for E. marmorata in that the background body colour is pale yellowish, covered with brownish, broken stripes. This colour pattern itself is similar to that of B. delineatus, but B. marmoratus differs from B. delineatus in having the stripes darker and more closely set to one another, especially in the posterior part of the body. Baseodiscus marmoratus cannot be confused with B. curtus because the ventral surface of the body in the latter is devoid of stripes or markings. In terms of uncorrected p -distance for 524-bp 16S sequences in our dataset, B. aff. marmoratus differed by 14.9–15.2% from B. cf. curtus and by 11.9% from B. delineatus. Baseodiscus aff. marmoratus seems to feed on terebellid polychaetes (see Potential food items below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE77ED5BFF42C818FDE6FE8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE76ED5BFF56CF09FB4EFEC8.text	038A8132EE76ED5BFF56CF09FB4EFEC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus maculosus (Burger 1895)	<div><p>BASEODISCUS AFF. MACULOSUS (BÜRGER, 1895A)</p> <p>(FIG. 3B)</p> <p>Baseodiscus cf. delineatus: Chernyshev, 2016: 290 (in part) (Cù Lao Re Island, Vietnam).</p> <p>? Eupolia maculosa Bürger, 1895a: 604; Bürger, 1895b: 28, pl. 2, fig. 2 (Pohnpei, Caroline Islands, Micronesia). <p>? Baseodiscus maculosus: Bürger, 1904: 84; Gibson, 1995: 304, 368.</p> <p>? Baseodiscus delineatus var. curtus: Coe, 1940: 261 (in part).</p> </p> <p>? Baseodiscus maculosus: Bürger, 1904: 84; Gibson, 1995: 304, 368.</p> <p>? Baseodiscus delineatus var. curtus: Coe, 1940: 261 (in part).</p> <p>Material examined: One specimen (DNA voucher ICHUM 6324), 23 May 2007, among dead corals, 2–4 m depth, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.083336/lat 15.383333)">Cù Lao Re Island</a> (15°23′N, 109°05′E), Vietnam, collected by A. V. Chernyshev.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6324: LC178674, 16S (482 bp); LC190950, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Description: Body 3–4 cm long. Background body colour pale yellow, mottled over entirety with numerous minute brown dots (Fig. 3B); dots sparser ventrally. Head with numerous eyes and two transverse cephalic furrows, each with secondary grooves.</p> <p>Distribution: Baseodiscus maculosus s.s. is known only from the original description from Pohnpei (formerly, Ponape), Caroline Islands, Micronesia (Bürger, 1895b); our specimen identified as Baseodiscus aff. maculosus was from Vietnam.</p> <p>Remarks: Our specimen was collected from Cù Lao Re Island, Vietnam, 5400 km distant from the type locality. We tentatively identify it as B. aff. maculosus on the basis of the similarity in body markings, consisting of minute, dark-coloured dots spread all over the pale-coloured body. However, the dots in the Vietnam specimen are denser than indicated in the original illustration (Bürger, 1895b, pl. 2, fig. 2) and its body (3–4 cm) was much shorter than Bürger (1895a, b) indicated for the type specimen (c. 50 cm long, 6 mm wide). The specimen from Vietnam may thus represent a different species. Johnson &amp; Johnson (2019b) photographed an individual from the Marshal Islands (labelled ‘ Emplectonema ? sp. 1’) that was more than 1 m long, with sparser spots and appears much more similar to B. maculosus. Coe (1940) wrote that part of the material he identified as B. delineatus var. curtus differed from B. delineatus in having ‘markings composed of small red or brown dots’, suggesting that the former taxon might include B. maculosus. Baseodiscus aff. maculosus seems to feed on terebellid polychaetes (see Potential food items below).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE76ED5BFF56CF09FB4EFEC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE76ED58FCBACFC9FB9EFB72.text	038A8132EE76ED58FCBACFC9FB9EFB72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus delineatus (Delle Chiaje 1822)	<div><p>BASEODISCUS DELINEATUS (DELLE CHIAJE, 1822)</p> <p>(FIG. 3C–E)</p> <p>Polia delineata Delle Chiaje, 1822 in Delle Chiaje (1822–29), pl. XXVIII (28, but correctly 29 in position), fig. 4; Delle Chiaje, 1825 in Delle Chiaje (1822–29): 427–428, 444 (Naples, Italy); Grube, 1840: 57–58, fig. 8a, b (Naples and Palermo, Italy); Hubrecht, 1879: 209 (Naples, Italy); Joubin, 1890: 510–511 (Banyuls-sur-Mer, France).</p> <p>Nemertes delineatus: Kölliker, 1845: 95 (Naples, Italy).</p> <p>Eupolia delineata: Bürger, 1892: 151 (Naples, Italy); Joubin, 1894: 79–80, pl. I, fig. 11 (Banyuls-surMer, France); Bürger, 1895a: 600–601, pl. 4, figs 4, 6 (Naples, Italy: the specimen in fig. 8 lacks longitudinal stripes in the anterior part of body and is bulkier than that depicted in fig. 6).</p> <p>Baseodiscus delineatus: Strand et al., 2005: 3787, table II [Ischia, Italy; Rottnest Island, Australia); Schwartz, 2009: 62, fig. 1B (Carrie Bow Cay, Belize; Peanut Island, Florida, USA; Bocas del Toro, Panama); Gonzalez-Cueto et al., 2014: 92, fig. 2C–E (Inca-Inca and Taganga, Colombia); Mendes et al., 2016: 149, fig. 2-3 (Caucaia, Brazil); Kajihara, 2017: 423, fig. 16.2b (Misaki, Japan); Ikenaga et al., 2019: 348–353, figs 1–4 [Misaki, Japan).</p> <p>Baseodiscus cf. delineatus: Kvist et al., 2014: 291, table 1 (Australia).</p> <p>? Baseodiscus delineatus: Coe, 1947: 104–105 (Bogoni Island, Marshall Islands); Corrêa, 1958: 442–443 (Brazil); Gibson, 1979: 139–146, figs 1–3 (Low Isles, off Port Douglas, Great Barrier Reef, Australia).</p> <p>? Baseodiscus curtus: Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1925: 102 (Curaçao).</p> <p>? Eupolia delineata: Bürger, 1893: 230, pl. 8, fig. 4 (Java, Indonesia); Punnett, 1900c: 825 (Torres Straits).</p> <p>? Taeniosoma delineatum: Coe, 1901b: 226 (Ensenada).</p> <p>Material examined: Five specimens (extracted total DNA and remaining body preserved in 99% EtOH): four specimens (including ICHUM 6325), 22 February 2014, rocky intertidal, under stone, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.6125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.158337" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.6125/lat 35.158337)">Misaki Marine Biological Station</a> (35°09′30″N, 139°36′45″E), collected by H. Kajihara; one specimen (ICHUM 6326), 26 March 2014, rocky intertidal, under stone, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.61111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.15917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.61111/lat 35.15917)">Araihama</a> (35°09′33″N, 139°36′40″E), Misaki, Kanagawa, Japan, collected by H. Kohtsuka.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6325: LC178621, 28S (1136 bp); LC178665, 16S (521 bp). From ICHUM 6326: LC178647, H3 (331 bp); LC178666, 16S (521 bp).</p> <p>Description: Body up to 56 cm long, 3 mm wide (ICHUM 6325); background body colour pale beige, with pale-brown longitudinal stripes covering entire body (Fig. 3C, D) except near mouth (Fig. 3E).</p> <p>Distribution: Warm waters worldwide: France (Joubin, 1890, 1894), Italy (Delle Chiaje, 1822–29; Grube, 1840; Hubrecht, 1879; Bürger, 1895a; Strand et al., 2005), Australia (Strand et al., 2005; Kvist et al., 2014), Japan (Kajihara, 2017; Ikenaga et al., 2019), Florida, USA (Schwartz, 2009), Belize (Schwartz, 2009), Panama (Schwartz, 2009), Colombia (Gonzalez-Cueto et al., 2014), Brazil (Mendes et al., 2016).</p> <p>Remarks: In accordance with Article 12.2.7 of the Code (ICZN, 1999), the year of publication for B. delineatus should be 1822, rather than 1825 as previously regarded (e.g. Magarlamov &amp; Chernyshev, 2011; Ikenaga et al., 2019). The species was originally established as Polia delineata in Delle Chiaje (1822– 29), a work comprised of plates published in 1822 and four text volumes, with Volumes 1 and 2 issued in 1825 [or, Volume 2 may have been published in 1827 (Neave, 1940: 344)], Volume 3 in 1828 and Volume 4 in 1829. The description in words appeared in Volume 2 on p. 409 (as ‘ P. lineata ’) and pp. 427–428 (Delle Chiaje, 1825 in 1822–29), although the species name Polia delineata had already appeared as the caption for an plate illustration published in 1822. Delle Chiaje’s 1822 plate numbers are discontinuous in several places: plate numbers XXX (30), LXIII (63) and CII (102) are missing; in addition, for each of the four numbers I (1), II (2), XXVIII (28) and XXXIV (34), two different plates exist. Polia delineata is depicted on the second of the two plates labelled XXVIII.</p> <p>Baseodiscus delineatus has a pale background body colour with numerous brown longitudinal stripes. The broad range of variation in colour pattern has obscured the species identity of B. delineatus, especially in relation to a similar form, B. curtus (Hubrecht, 1879). Baseodiscus curtus was previously regarded as a variety of B. delineatus (Coe, 1940, 1944; Corrêa, 1958, 1961, 1963) and thus as synonymous with it (Gibson, 1979, 1995). Moreover, Bürger (1904) and Gibson (1979, 1995) synonymized the following six nominal species originally described from the Indo-Pacific with B. delineatus: Baseodiscus insignis Punnett &amp; Cooper, 1909 (Zanzibar, Tanzania); Borlasia striata Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833 (Guam); Eupolia amboinensis Staub, 1900 (Ambon, Indonesia); Eupolia ascophora Bürger, 1890 (Ambon, Indonesia); Eupolia marmorata Bürger, 1890 (Ambon, Indonesia); and Eupolia reticulata Staub, 1900 (Ambon, Indonesia). This synonymization was probably an excessive lumping, as Strand et al. (2005) discovered a new species, B. jonasii, from Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands) that resembles, but is genetically distinct from, B. delineatus.</p> <p>Owing to the 16S gene sequence from Italy (AY955227) provided by Strand et al. (2005), the species identity of B. delineatus has been established more firmly than before, enabling the application of reliable names to material from different localities. The six 16S sequences from four different countries (AY955227, Italy; AY955232, KF935448, Australia; LC178665, LC178666, Japan; EF124861, Belize) were identical (p -distance = 0.00). In addition, recent technological progress in high-quality digital photography allows comparison of subtle differences in body coloration and markings between specimens from different localities (e.g. Schwartz, 2009; Gonzalez-Cueto et al., 2014; Mendes et al., 2016; Kajihara, 2017; Ikenaga et al., 2019). These new data sources now indicate that B. delineatus is distributed circumglobally. The species can reproduce asexually by fragmentation followed by anterior regeneration (Ikenaga et al., 2019).</p> <p>Bürger (1895a: 600) synonymized Borlasia carmellina Quatrefages, 1846 (type locality, Favignana Island, Italy) with Eupolia delineata, but there are some differences between the descriptions of the two: in Borlasia carmellina, the body is reddish posteriorly and covered with small, elongate patches (‘petites taches allongée’) rather than stripes, and eyes are lacking (Quatrefages, 1846).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE76ED58FCBACFC9FB9EFB72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE75ED59FC7CCB71FDB8FC93.text	038A8132EE75ED59FC7CCB71FDB8FC93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus ohtsukai Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>BASEODISCUS OHTSUKAI SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 7D, E)</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 5DBE9E10-9A24-447B-9A7F-EE5DD10891E0.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype, ICHUM 6327, 29 May 2001 off <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.320002" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.35/lat 31.320002)">Toi Cape</a> (31°19′12″N, 131°21′00″E), Kagoshima, Japan, 118 m depth, station 12 of the R / V Toyoshio-maru Cruise 01-06, collected by H. Kajihara.</p> <p>Sequences: From the holotype: LC178592, 18S (1799 bp); LC178622, 28S (2117 bp); LC178667, 16S (456 bp); LC190945, COI (629 bp).</p> <p>Etymology: The new specific name is a noun in the genitive case, from Prof. Susumu Ohtsuka, a Japanese crustacean biologist, leader of marine biodiversity studies with the R/V Toyoshio-maru of Hiroshima University.</p> <p>Description: Body broad, dorsoventrally flattened, 15 cm long, 4 mm wide; ground colour white, dorsally with wide purplish brown stripe, ventrally with minute flecks of same colour (lacking in front of cephalic furrow); transverse cephalic furrow present, encircling neck; secondary furrows present; small, black ocelli distributed along dorso-lateral surfaces of head; proboscis pore sub-terminal; mouth small (Fig. 7D, E). Found in mucus tube formed with mud and sand particles.</p> <p>Distribution: So far known only from the type locality, sublittoral, off southern Kyushu in the Pacific (present study).</p> <p>Remarks: Baseodiscus ohtsukai looks similar to B. urgorrii in that it has a whitish background colour and a broad, mid-dorsal longitudinal stripe, but differs from the latter in the colour of the stripe, which is more reddish than that in B. urgorrii.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE75ED59FC7CCB71FDB8FC93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE74ED66FF3DCDFAFE6DF983.text	038A8132EE74ED66FF3DCDFAFE6DF983.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus curtus (Hubrecht 1879)	<div><p>BASEODISCUS CF. CURTUS (HUBRECHT, 1879)</p> <p>(FIG. 3F)</p> <p>? Polia curta Hubrecht, 1879: 209 (Naples, Italy).</p> <p>? Eupolia curta: Bürger, 1892: 151 (Naples, Italy); 1895a: 601, pl. 4, fig. 17 (Naples, Italy); (figs 3–5, 7, 9 supposedly depict the same species, but their identity needs to be further scrutinized).</p> <p>? Baseodiscus curtus: Bürger, 1904: 82; Timofeev, 1911: 39 (Villefranche-sur-Mer, France); Corrêa, 1956: 199–201, pl. 2, figs 6–9, 11 (Naples, Italy).</p> <p>Eupolia curta: Takakura, 1898: 185, fig.7 (Misaki, Japan).</p> <p>Baseodiscus curtus: Iwata, 1952: 141–142, fig. 14 (Fukue, Japan); Kajihara, 2017: 243, fig. 16.2a.</p> <p>? Eupolia curta: Joubin, 1904: 327 (Djibouti).</p> <p>? Taeniosoma curtum: Verrill, 1900: 597–598, pl. LXX, fig. 3, text-fig. 10a, b (Bermuda).</p> <p>? Baseodiscus delineatus var. curtus: Coe, 1940: 261 (in part).</p> <p>Material examined: Two specimens, ICHUM 6328, 6329, 12 November 2003, subtidal, ~ 2 m depth, among shells of the cultured oyster Magallana gigas (Thunberg, 1793), Hiroshima <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.16667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.16667/lat 34.383335)">Bay</a> (c. 34°23′N, 132°10′E), Japan, collected by H. Kajihara.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6328: LC178663, 16S (507 bp); LC190943, COI (615 bp). From ICHUM 6329: LC178591, 18S (1798 bp); LC178620, 28S (2097 bp); LC178664, 16S (507 bp); LC190944, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Description: Body up to 17 cm long, 4 mm wide; background body colour cream white; dorsally mottled with narrow, longitudinal, broken, reddish brown stripes; ventrally without markings (Fig. 3F).</p> <p>Distribution: Baseodiscus cf. curtus in the sense of this study has been reported from Japan (Takakura, 1898; Iwata, 1952; Kajihara, 2017; present study). Baseodiscus curtus s.s. has been reported from Italy (Hubrecht, 1879; Bürger, 1892, 1895a; Corrêa, 1956) and the Mediterranean coast of France (Timofeev, 1911).</p> <p>Remarks: Considering the geographic distance between Italy and Japan, application of the name curtus to our material from Japan needs confirmation with barcode sequences from topotypes from Naples. If our specimens are actually B. curtus, then the species is different from B. delineatus, as Crandall et al. (2002: 3) noted, although Gibson (1995: 479) synonymized these two species.</p> <p>Hubrecht (1879: 209) established Polia curta, which was supposedly ‘Distinguished from the foregoing (= Polia delineata = Baseodiscus delineatus) by its greater width in comparison to its length. The brown stripes are much more closely set on the back, 12–15 being counted in a transverse line on the back. The belly remains white; only in the largest examples it becomes striped too, the region of the mouth and undersurface of the head always excepted. In young examples the stripes are yet stellate pigment specks, whereas at the same age they are stripes already in Polia delineata.’</p> <p>Under the name Eupolia curta, Bürger (1892, 1895a) referred to four different forms from Naples, as follows: (1) small, 0.5–2.0 cm long, light yellow ground colour, speckled with dark brown dots in anterior part of body, probably only dorsally (Bürger, 1895a, pl. 4, fig. 3); (2) the most common type, co-occurring with B. delineatus, 5–6 cm long, 2.5 mm wide, yellow grey in ground colour, dorsally marked with brown, reticular longitudinal stripes; a larger specimen was 10 cm long, 4 mm wide, with longitudinal stripes also present on ventral surface of body (Bürger, 1895a, pl. 4, fig. 7); (3) bulky, broad form, 15 cm long, 8–9 mm wide, vermilion red in background body colour, with fine, yellow reticular pattern both dorsally and ventrally [not obvious in Bürger’s (1895a, pl. 4, figs 5, 5a) illustration], head light yellow on dorsal margins, deep yellow ventrally, with short yellow line extending for 1 cm mid-ventrally at anterior end of body; same as Joubin’s (1890) form reported from Banyulssur-Mer, France; and (4) ventrally snow white in colour, 6–7 cm long, 3 mm wide (Bürger, 1895a, pl. 4, fig. 17).</p> <p>Our specimens from Japan agree with Hubrecht’s (1879) original description, as well as with Bürger’s (1895a) form iv (with snow-white underside) in that the brown longitudinal stripes are lacking on the ventral surface of the body. The taxonomic identity of Bürger’s (1895a) forms i, ii, and iii need to be investigated with molecular data.</p> <p>There are various records of valenciniid heteronemerteans under the name curtus, curta or curtum from different parts of the world, with a varying degree of reliability in terms of taxonomic identity. Verrill (1900) reported a form as Taeniosoma curtum from Bermuda; slenderer than B. curtus and lacking dorsal stripes on the head in front of the cephalic furrows, it thus appears to be a different species. Joubin (1904) did not mention whether stripes were also present on the ventral surface of the body in material from Djibouti that he identified as Eupolia curta; it could have been either B. curtus or another species such as B. delineatus. Timofeev (1911: 39) provided no information on the body colour of his ‘ Baseodiscus curtus ’ from Villefranche-sur-Mer, the identity of which cannot be confirmed. StiasnyWijnhoff (1925) admitted that her specimens from Curaçao, which she identified as B. curtus, were also consistent with B. delineatus in having stripes also on the ventral surface of the body. Coe (1940) regarded curtus as a variety of B. delineatus, listing (Coe, 1940: 261) the distribution as ‘Mediterranean, East Indies, Polynesia, Mauritius, Bermuda, West Indies, on the Pacific coast in the Gulf of California, and on the coast of Chile’. Coe (1940) mentioned that the body markings in B. delineatus var. curtus comprise small, red or brown dots or larger spots without definite pattern, instead of interlacing longitudinal lines. These markings are also seen in B. maculatus, B. maculosus and B. amboinensis, suggesting that Coe’s (1940) B. delineatus var. curtus probably included several species. Corrêa (1956) reported three specimens from Naples that she identified as B. curtus [Bürger’s (1895a) form ii], although they also had stripes also on the ventral body surface. Gibson’s (1974) material from Jidda, reported as B. curtus, is more similar to B. insignis Punnett &amp; Cooper, 1909 from Zanzibar in that the stripes, also present ventrally, are discontinuous beyond and behind the cephalic furrow; this also applies to what Gibson (1979) identified as B. delineatus from the Great Barrier Reef.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE74ED66FF3DCDFAFE6DF983	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE4BED66FF0EC801FBC3FC7C.text	038A8132EE4BED66FF0EC801FBC3FC7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus aureus (Burger 1896) LC	<div><p>BASEODISCUS AUREUS (BÜRGER, 1896)</p> <p>Eupolia aurea Bürger, 1896: 274 (Tumbes, Peru).</p> <p>Eupolia platei Bürger, 1896: 274 (Tubmes, Peru; Talcahuano, Chile).</p> <p>Eupolia pallida Isler, 1900: 15 (Juan Fernández, Chile).</p> <p>? Eupolia sulcatus Isler, 1900: 14, figs 8, 9 (Bay of Guajacan near Coquimbo, Chile). Baseodiscus aureus: Bürger, 1904: 84; Friedrich, 1970: 9 (Gulf of Ancud, Chile); Thiel &amp; Norenburg, 2009: 377, figs A–E (Chile).</p> <p>Material sequenced: Two specimens (DNA vouchers ICHUM 6330, 6331); 16 February 2009, Tumbes (36°37′50″S, 73°05′26″W), Chile, collected by P. Sundberg; one of the two is equivalent to ‘NemBar0920’ in Sundberg et al. (2016b).</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6330: LC178587, 18S (1796 bp); LC178615, 28S (2040 bp); LC178658, 16S (505 bp); LC190939, COI (598 bp). From ICHUM 6331: LC178588, 18S (1797 bp); LC178616, 28S (2042 bp); LC178659, 16S (505 bp).</p> <p>Distribution: South-western Pacific. Peru (Bürger, 1896) and Chile (Bürger, 1896; Isler, 1900; Friedrich, 1970; Thiel &amp; Norenburg, 2009; present study).</p> <p>Remarks: Thiel &amp; Norenburg (2009: 377) placed Baseodiscus platei (Bürger, 1896) in the synonym list of Baseodiscus aureus (Bürger, 1896) with uncertainty. It remains to be determined whether B. platei is distinct from B. aureus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE4BED66FF0EC801FBC3FC7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE4BED66FC7ECD80FB3DFB80.text	038A8132EE4BED66FC7ECD80FB3DFB80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus urgorrii Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>BASEODISCUS URGORRII SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIGS 3G, H, 7F, G)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE4BED66FC7ECD80FB3DFB80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE4AED64FC75CD0CFEECFD36.text	038A8132EE4AED64FC75CD0CFEECFD36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus punnetti (Coe 1904) LC	<div><p>BASEODISCUS PUNNETTI (COE, 1904)</p> <p>(FIG. 3I)</p> <p>Taeniosoma punnetti Coe, 1904: 173–177, pl. XVI, figs 1–3, pl. XVIII, fig. 6 (California, USA); Coe, 1905: 158, fig. 31 (California, USA); Joubin, 1905: 311 (Mexico).</p> <p>Baseodiscus punnetti: Coe, 1940: 262; Hiebert, 2016: 43 (California, USA).</p> <p>Material sequenced: Two specimens (DNA vouchers ICHUM 6332, 6333); Santa Barbara, California, USA, collected by S. A. Maslakova and T. C. Hiebert in 2013.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6332: LC178601, 18S (1797 bp); LC178631, 28S (2120 bp); LC178679, 16S (505 bp); LC190953, COI (658 bp). From ICHUM 6333: LC178632, 28S (2057 bp); LC178680, 16S (504 bp); LC190954, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Description: From a photograph of a specimen that is different from those sequenced but certainly represents the same species, the body is dorsoventrally dark red, posteriorly becoming pale brown (Fig. 3I). Hiebert (2016: 43–44) described, ‘Pale pink to magenta or red body colour, colour is more pale ventrally; head shape orbicular; conspicuous constriction between head and body marked with oblique cephalic furrows; secondary cephalic furrows present; longitudinal cephalic slits absent; pale colour present at head margins is narrow at anterior tip and widens just anterior to constriction between head and body; many ocelli (80–120, total) are present and visible within the pale region of the head; head can withdraw almost completely into body; body is large, fleshy and wrinkly; rounded anteriorly and slightly flattened posteriorly, in cross-section; caudal cirrus absent. Dark brown or black pigment was noted anteriorly and dorsally by Coe (1904), but this has not been observed by us.’</p> <p>Distribution: From Monterey Bay, California to Mexico (Coe, 1904, 1905, 1940; Joubin, 1905; Roe et al., 2007; Hiebert, 2016).</p> <p>R e m a rk s: O r i g i n a l l y d e s c r i b e d f r o m m a t e r i a l dredged from 50 fathoms (91 m) depth between San Pedro and Santa Catalina Island, California, USA (Coe, 1904).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE4AED64FC75CD0CFEECFD36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE49ED64FEF9CCBFFF2FF8DC.text	038A8132EE49ED64FEF9CCBFFF2FF8DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus kakuii Kajihara & Abukawa & Chernyshev 2022	<div><p>BASEODISCUS KAKUII SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 3J, K)</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. o r g: a c t: 9 7 0 3 B 1 F D - 6 E 5 8 - 4 7 4 A - A 0 7 0 - 774EB904159D.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype, ICHUM 6334, 26 May 2014, off <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.99&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.075554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.99/lat 34.075554)">Oki Island</a>, Sea of Japan (between 34°04′36″N, 129°59′13″E and 34°04′32″N, 129°59′24″E), 93 m depth, collected by K. Kakui on cruise #2014-06 of the R / V Toyoshio-maru.</p> <p>Sequences: From the holotype: LC178603, 18S (1773 bp); LC178635, 28S (2102 bp); LC178684, 16S (506 bp); LC190956, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Etymology: The new specific name, a noun in the genitive case, refers to the collector of the holotype, Dr Keiichi Kakui (Hokkaido University), a Japanese tanaidacean systematist.</p> <p>Description: Background body colour dark yellow, gradually tinged brownish mid-dorsally. Body of holotype 6.6 cm long, 2.4 mm wide (posterior end lacking) (Fig. 3J). Margins of dorsal brown colour evident on head; small, black eyes arranged on dorsolateral surfaces of head (Fig. 3K).</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality, Sea of Japan (present study).</p> <p>Remarks: Baseodiscus kakuii was the sister-taxon to the clade containing B. aureus, B. cf. curtus, B. urgorrii, and Clades B and C in our ML tree (Fig. 1). The body coloration of B. kakuii resembles that of B. nipponensis, but the former is more yellowish and darker, and has the eyes more pronounced, than the latter.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE49ED64FEF9CCBFFF2FF8DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE49ED65FC80CEB8FDA4FCF6.text	038A8132EE49ED65FC80CEB8FDA4FCF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus princeps (Coe 1901)	<div><p>BASEODISCUS AFF. PRINCEPS (COE, 1901A)</p> <p>(FIG. 3L, M)</p> <p>Material examined: Three specimens. ICHUM 6335, extracted DNA and remaining body preserved in 99% EtOH; 21 July 2012, dredged off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.17862&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.632774" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.17862/lat 39.632774)">Miyako</a> (between 39°38′37″N, 142°11′02″E, 197 m depth, and 39°37′58″N, 142°10′43″E, 193 m depth), Pacific coast of Honshu, Japan, collected by K. Kakui at station ‘kago- 11’ on a research cruse of the R / V Soyo-maru. ICHUM 6336, extracted DNA and remaining body preserved in 99% EtOH; 18 July 2013, dredged off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.29501&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.61889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.29501/lat 39.61889)">Miyako</a> (between 39°37′52″N, 142°18′13″E, 517 m depth, and 39°37′08″N, 142°17′42″E, 545 m depth), Pacific coast of Honshu, Japan, collected by K. Kakui at station ‘kago-2’ of the R / V Soyo-maru. One specimen (DNA voucher ICHUM 6337), 7 July 2011, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.43916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.610332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.43916/lat 44.610332)">Kuril Island</a> (44°36.62′N, 146°26.35′E), Ekaterina Strait, 200 m depth, collected by A. V. Chernyshev during cruise 41 of the S/ V Akademik Oparin.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6335: LC178589, 18S (1740 bp); LC178617, 28S (2101 bp); LC178660, 16S (505 bp); LC190940, COI (658 bp). From ICHUM 6336: LC178618, 28S (2097 bp); LC178661, 16S (505 bp); LC190941, COI (658 bp). From ICHUM 6337: LC178590, 18S (1797 bp); LC178619, 28S (2089 bp); LC178662, 16S (505 bp); LC190942, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Description: Background colour white, dorsally covered with broad, brown longitudinal stripe having numerous tiny perforations through which background colour can be seen; body up to 8 cm long (Fig. 3L, M).</p> <p>Distribution: North-west Pacific, off Kuril Island (200 m) and off Miyako, Honshu, Japan (193–545 m) (present study). Baseodiscus princeps s.s. was originally described from three different places in Alaska, USA: Cape Fox, Yakutat and Orca (Prince William Sound) (Coe, 1901a).</p> <p>Remarks: Although the PTP /bPTP analyses suggested that the three forms herein labelled B. aff. princeps, B. nipponensis and B. cf. princeps are distinct, they are genetically closely related to one another. Uncorrected p -distances for 16S between B. aff. princeps and B. nipponensis were 1.39–1.59%, between B. nipponensis and B. cf. princeps 1.19– 1.39%, and between B. aff. princeps and B. cf. princeps 0.99–1.39%; those for COI between B. aff. princeps and B. cf. princeps were 4.40–4.71% (Table 4). These values are smaller than those between other heteronemerteans that have been confirmed to be biologically distinct by cross-fertilization experiments: between Maculaura alaskensis and M. oregonensis, 4.0% for 16S and 14.3% for COI (Hiebert &amp; Maslakova, 2015); between Kulikovia alborostrata and Kulikovia fulva, 2.8% for 16S and 14.4% for COI (Ikenaga et al., 2019).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE49ED65FC80CEB8FDA4FCF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE48ED65FF22CDEDFC6AFC58.text	038A8132EE48ED65FF22CDEDFC6AFC58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus nipponensis (Hubrecht 1887)	<div><p>BASEODISCUS NIPPONENSIS (HUBRECHT, 1887)</p> <p>(FIG. 3N)</p> <p>Eupolia nipponensis Hubrecht, 1887: 14–15, pl. I, figs4, 5, 10, pl. VII, figs 6, 11, 12 (Sagami Bay, Japan).</p> <p>Baseodiscus nipponensis: Bürger, 1904: 84.</p> <p>Baseodiscus nipponicus (lapsus calami): Kajihara, 2017: 423 (Sagami Bay, Japan).</p> <p>Material examined: ICHUM 6338, extracted DNA and remaining body preserved in 99% EtOH; 19 February 2014, dredged from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=139.56805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.096386" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 139.56805/lat 35.096386)">Sagami Bay</a> (between 35°05′57″N, 139°34′52″E, 249 m depth and 35°05′47″N, 139°34′05″E, 309 m depth), Japan, station 2 of the 2 nd JAMBIO Coastal Organism Joint Survey (Nakano et al., 2015), collected by H. Kajihara.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6338: LC178630, 28S (1121 bp); LC178677, 16S (505 bp).</p> <p>Description: Body length 3.5 cm, width 1 mm; dorsally reddish brown, ventrally white; eyes present; cephalic furrow encircling head; secondary furrows present (Fig. 3N).</p> <p>Distribution: So far known only from Sagami Bay, Japan (Hubrecht, 1887; Kajihara, 2017; present study).</p> <p>Remarks: Hubrecht’s (1887) material of Eupolia nipponensis was dredged from green mud at a depth of 345 fathoms (about 640 m) on 12 May 1875 by HMS Challenger in Sagami Bay (35°11′00″N, 139°28′00″E). Three body fragments were illustrated by Hubrecht (1887: pl. I, figs 4, 5, 10). Although nothing is mentioned about the size and coloration of these specimens, they were probably small (probably a few centimetres) and devoid of colour pattern, although Hubrecht (1887: fig. 5) may have illustrated the dorsal pigmentation that is also seen in our specimen (ICHUM 6338) from a depth of 309 m in Sagami Bay. Judging from the body size, our specimen (3.5 cm long) was probably a juvenile.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE48ED65FF22CDEDFC6AFC58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
038A8132EE48ED62FC6BCA54FE94F8DE.text	038A8132EE48ED62FC6BCA54FE94F8DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baseodiscus princeps	<div><p>BASEODISCUS CF. PRINCEPS (COE, 1901A)</p> <p>(FIG. 3O–Q)</p> <p>Baseodiscus curtus: Yamaoka, 1940: 234–236, textfig. 13, pl. XVI, figs 8–11 (Akkeshi, Japan).</p> <p>Baseodiscus princeps: Iwata, 1954: 15; Kajihara, 2017: 423, fig. 16.2e (Akkeshi, Japan).</p> <p>Baseodiscus cf. princeps: Chernyshev, 2008: 271, fig. 1F–I (Amursky Bay, Russia).</p> <p>? Taeniosoma princeps Coe, 1901a: 173–177, pl. XVI, figs 1–3, pl. XVIII, fig. 6 (Alaska).</p> <p>Material examined: Three specimens. ICHUM 6339, extracted DNA and remaining body preserved in 99% EtOH; 12 June 2012, intertidal, under boulder, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.87527&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.960835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.87527/lat 42.960835)">Daikoku-jima</a> (42°57′39″N, 144°52′31″E), Hokkaido, Japan, collected by H. Kajihara. One specimen (DNA voucher: ICHUM 6340), 8 July 2011, off Iturup Island (44°53.05′N, 147°15.18′), 114 m depth, collected by A. V. Chernyshev during cruise 41 of the S/ V Akademik Oparin. One specimen (DNA voucher ICHUM 6341), 25 July 2005, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.26167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.26167/lat 46.115)">Aniwa Bay</a> (46°06.9′N, 142°15.7′E), 25 m depth, collected by A. V. Chernyshev during cruise 31 of the S/ V Akademik Oparin.</p> <p>Sequences: From ICHUM 6339: LC178604, 18S (1785 bp); LC178636, 28S (2119 bp); LC178685, 16S (503 bp); LC190957, COI (658 bp). From ICHUM 6340: LC178605, 18S (1797 bp); LC178637, 28S (2090 bp); LC178686, 16S (503bp); LC190958, COI (658bp). From ICHUM 6341: LC178606, 18S (1796 bp); LC178638, 28S (1202 bp); LC178687, 16S (503 bp); LC190959, COI (658 bp).</p> <p>Description: Background body colour bright yellow, dorsally mottled with irregular, light-brown patches often intensively fused together, especially in anterior part of body; dorsal mottling may extend ventrolaterally or even ventrally; body up to 30 cm long (Fig. 3O–Q).</p> <p>D i s t r i b u t i o n: N o r t h - w e s t Pa c i f i c: i n t e r t i d a l, Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan (Yamaoka, 1940; present study); subtidal, Far East Russia, Aniwa Bay (25 m) and off Iturup (114 m) (present study). Baseodiscus princeps s.s. was originally described from Alaska (Cape Fox, Yakutat, Orca), USA (Coe, 1901a).</p> <p>Remarks: This species was first reported as Baseodiscus curtus by Yamaoka (1940) from Daikokujima, Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido, Japan. Iwata (1954) applied the name Baseodiscus princeps to it. As Chernyshev (2008) pointed out, specimens from Far Eastern Russia differ from B. princeps s.s. in that the dark-coloured markings are present not only dorsally, but also ventrally. Barcode sequences from topotypes should eliminate this uncertainty as to the application of the name princeps.</p> <p>POTENTIAL FOOD ITEMS</p> <p>Unidentified terebellid polychaete sequences were detected by BLASTn searches against the NCBI database of COI sequences derived from ICHUM 6315 and ICHUM 6316 (B. hemprichii), ICHUM 6320 (B. quinquelineatus) and ICHUM 6322 (B. aff. marmoratus), and a 28S sequence from ICHUM 6324 (B. aff. maculosus), each with ~85% identity values. Some of the cloned COI sequences (658 bp) from ICHUM 6310 (B. narusei) were 99% identical (differing by two bases in 658 bp) with AB430534, from an octopus identified by Kaneko et al. (2011) as Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849.</p> <p>Chernyshev &amp; Polyakova (2018: 124) stated: ‘Some sequences isolated in the process of cloning of COI sequences from the specimen of Sonnenemertes cantelli 38DS belonged apparently to its prey (according to BLAST search, it is an unknown sipunculid – GenBank MF 512129). Moreover, a COI sequence (GenBank MF 512130) of a similar sipunculid was detected in the specimen of S. cantelli 31DS through direct sequencing.’</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132EE48ED62FC6BCA54FE94F8DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kajihara, Hiroshi;Abukawa, Shushi;Chernyshev, Alexei V.	Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi, Chernyshev, Alexei V. (2022): Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 503-548, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015
