identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7DDBF0343F285403A7F8B84D6E58909C.text	7DDBF0343F285403A7F8B84D6E58909C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeolus alpinus Friese 1893	<div><p>Epeolus alpinus Friese, 1893</p> <p>Figs 5A, B, 9C, G</p> <p>Epeolus alpinus Friese, 1893: 34, ♀, ♂ (type locality: Goeschenen, Switzerland), Natural History Museum, Berlin.</p> <p>Epeolus variegatus Thomson, 1872 (nom. praeocc., nec Linnaeus, 1758): 212, ♀ (type locality: unknown), Zoological Museum, University of Lund, Sweden.</p> <p>Epeolus glacialis Alfken, 1913: 36, nomen novum for E. variegatus Thomson, 1872.</p> <p>Epeolus montanus Bischoff, 1930: 9, ♀, ♂ (type locality: Warnemünde, Germany), Natural History Museum, Berlin.</p> <p>Epeolus pilosus Bischoff, 1930: 9-10, ♀, ♂ (type locality: Rositten [=Rybachij], Kaliningrad Prov., Russia), Natural History Museum, Berlin.</p> <p>Epeolus alpinus Bischoff, 1930 (nom. praeocc., nec Friese, 1893): 9-10, ♀ (type locality: Saas, Switzerland), Natural History Museum, Berlin.</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>Russia, Sverdlovsk Prov., Sysertskiy distr., Dvurechensk, 18.VII.2009, (1 ♀), K. Fadeev [ZISP]; Kemerovo Prov., Belkovo, 9.VII.2003, (1 ♀), DS [ZISP]; Tashtagol distr., Podkatun’ rocks, 7.VII.2005, (1 ♂), A. Korneeva [ZISP]; Altai Rep., Onguday, 16.VI.1909, (1 ♂), W. Steinfeld [ZISP]; Tuva Rep., Nikolskoye [Bay-Khaak], 18-30.VI.1916, (1 ♂), Miklashevskaya [ZISP]; 15 km W Turan, 2.VIII.2009, (2 ♀), SB [ZISP]; 90 km S Kyzyl, Chagytay Lake, 21.VII.2010, (1 ♀), SB [ZISP]; Kara Sug Lake, 1254 m, 19.VII.2013, 1 ♀, M. Sherbakov [ZISP]; 12 km SW Samagaltay, Dyttyg-Khem River, 17.VII.2014, (1 ♀), AS, MP [FSCV]; 5 km E of Khandagayta, 29.VII.2018, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), SL, DS [ZISP]; 11 km SW of Teeli, 1.VIII.2018, (1 ♀), SL, DS [ZISP]; Khakassia Rep., Bely Yar, Abakan River, 11-12.VII.2012, (1 ♀), MP, VL [FSCV]; 10 km E Shira, Itkul' Lake, 28-29.VII.2014, (1 ♂), AL, MP, VL [FSCV]; Irkutsk Prov., Utulik, Baikal Lake, 12.VII.2019, (1 ♀), Yu. Astafurova [ZISP]; Angarsk, Ketoy River, 8.VIII.1994, (5 ♀), AL [FSCV/ ZISP]; 15 km E Ust’ - Ordynskiy, 31.VII-5.VIII.1994, (23 ♀, 2 ♂), AL [FSCV/ ZISP]; Irkutsk, (8 ♀, 11 ♂), V. Yakovlev [ZISP]; Bratsk, Sosnovy Isl., 1.VIII.1996, (1 ♀, 2 ♂), P. Klimov [FSCV/ ZISP]; Buryatia Rep., Kurumkanskiy distr., Mayskiy, 23.VII.1995, (2 ♀), S. Rudykh [ZISP]; Zabaikalskiy Terr., Khilo, 30.VII.1911, (1 ♀), D. Rudskaya [ZISP]; Uida, Nerechinsk, VI.1912, (1 ♂), Pisarvvskikh [ZISP]; Bolvzino, 14.VII.1925, (1 ♀), B. Vinogradov [ZISP]; Nizhniy Tsasuchey, 2.VII.1996, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), V. Dubatolov [ZISP]; Yakutia, Oy-Bes’, 28.VI.1925, (3 ♂), L. Bianki [N. Davydova det. 2000 2 ♂ as E. cruciger and 1 ♂ as E. variegatus] [ZISP]; Yakutsk, 27.VI.1927, (3 ♂), Moskvin [N. Davydova det. 2000 2 ♂ as E. cruciger and 1 ♂ as E. variegatus] [ZISP]; Zhemkon-2, Lena River, 75 km N Yakutsk, (1 ♂), 11.VII. 1999, N. Davydova [N. Davydova det. 2000 as E. cruciger] [ZISP]; Khabarovsk Terr., Komsomolsk-on-Amur, 18.VII.2002, (1 ♀), Mutin [ZISP]; Sakhalin, Astokh Bay, E Piltun, 18.VII.2001, (1 ♀), AS [FSVC]; Sakhalin Bay, Lyugi, 12.VIII.2001, (4 ♀, 4 ♂), AL [FSVC/ ZISP]; Moskalvo, 13.VIII.2001, (8 ♀, 12 ♂), AL [FSVC/ ZISP]; Bolshoye Vavayskoye Lake, 18.VII.2002, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), AL [FSVC/ ZISP]; Krasnogorsk, Aynskoye Lake, 20.VII.2003, (3 ♀, 1 ♂), AL [FSVC/ ZISP]; 5 km N Tymovskiy, 31.VII.2003, (1 ♀), AL [FSVC]; KAZAKHSTAN, Kokchetav distr., Borovoye, 15-26.VII.1932, (2 ♀, 2 ♂), V. Popov [ZISP]; MONGOLIA, see Astafurova and Proshchalykin (2021b: 14).</p> <p>Variability.</p> <p>Asian specimens examined are on average bigger than European ones (6.0-8.0 mm vs 5.0-6.0 mm). Female. Unlike E. cruciger and E. asiaticus sp. nov., this species does not have individuals with a red pattern on integunent of the metasomal terga. The pronotal lobe, mesoscutellum and axillae are red in most of studied Asian specimens; these structures are mostly black in specimens from the European range; only 6% of all examined females have a red labrum. Pubescence of the head and mesosoma, tergal bands or spots of tomentum are white or pale yellow. The mesoscutum is without tomentum in most specimens, rarely with weak tomentum anteriorly. Most examined specimens have widely interrupted apical bands of pale tomentum on T1 and T2 and two pairs of spots of pale tomentum on T3 and T4 (Fig. 5A), but sometimes the lateral spots on T3 and T4 are reduced and only a medial pair is present. Specimens examined from isolated populations of Sakhalin Isl. (Russia) differ from typical forms in having well-developed tomentum on the marginal zones of the terga, which are present as narrowly interrupted bands or even uninterrupted bands on T3 and T4 (Fig. 5B); the mesoscutum is denser punctate than in continental specimens. Male. The males do not show significant variability in coloration. Yellow-red coloration is absent, except on the mouth parts, legs (partly), tegulae and rarely the pygidial plate. Tergal bands of white tomentum are widely or narrow interrupted medially by regular brownish tomentum, sometimes reduced to two pairs of spots on T3 and T4; T1 apical bands can be rarely uninterrupted. Specimens from Sakhalin Isl. as well as females differ in having well-development apical bands of tomentum, which are present as uninterrupted bands on all terga or at least on T3 and T4. Further molecular studies might help to determine whether the forms from Sakhalin merit separate subspecies or species status.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Europe, Turkey, Iran, Russia, *Kazakhstan (Kokchetau Province), Mongolia (Bogusch and Hadrava 2018; Astafurova and Proshchalykin 2021b). Bogusch (2018) mentioned records from North Africa.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7DDBF0343F285403A7F8B84D6E58909C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Astafurova, Yulia V.;Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.	Astafurova, Yulia V., Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu. (2022): Review of the Epeolus cruciger species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Epeolus Latreille, 1802) of Asia, with the description of two new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 92: 305-328, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098
F351E4BC9C8758A29E6FE35DFE63D81A.text	F351E4BC9C8758A29E6FE35DFE63D81A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeolus asiaticus Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2022	<div><p>Epeolus asiaticus Astafurova &amp; Proshchalykin sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 1, 2, 7, 8, 9B, F</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>Holotype: ♀, Mongolia, Terkhin-Gol, Chulut and Khoit Rivers, 30.VI.1975, E. Narchuk [ZISP]. Paratypes: 1 ♀, 2 ♂, the same label as in the holotype [ZISP]; 1 ♀, Russia, Altay Republic, 8 km SW of Kurai, 11.VII.2007, S. Belokobylskij [ZISP]; 2 ♂, 24 km NWW of Aktash, Chuya River, 30.VI.2016, M. Proshchalykin, V. Loktionov [FSCB/ ZISP]; 1 ♀, 15 km SE of Kurai, Chuya River, 5-6.VII.2016, M. Proshchalykin, V. Loktionov [FSCB/ ZISP].</p> <p>Additional material.</p> <p>Russia, Tuva Rep., 25 km SE Erzin, Tes-Khem River, 14-15.VII.2014, (1 ♀), AL, MP, VL [ZISP]; 5 km E Khandagayta, 30.VII.2018, (1 ♀), DS, SL [ZISP]; Zabaikalskiy Terr., Nerchinsk env., (1 ♀), VII.1910, V. Podgorbinskiy [ZISP]; Sotkul, 17.VI.1925, (1 ♂), Vinogradov [ZISP]; Burun-Torey Lake, Ulza River, 29.VI.1925, (1 ♂), Vinogradov [ZISP]; Balyra, 23.VII.1975, (1 ♂), D. Kasparyan [ZISP]; Mongolia, Arkhangai, Sumiyn and Chultun Gol Rivers, 29.VI.1975, (2 ♀, 2 ♂), MK [ZISP]; 17 km SW Ulyasutai, Gantsyn-Daba Pass, 16.VII.1980, (1 ♂), MK [ZISP]; 15 km S Tosan-Tsengela, 18.VII.1980, (1 ♀), MK [ZISP]; Chuluut Gol River, 1940 m, 23.VII.2005, (1 ♀), JH [OLBL]; Bayankhongor, 56 km NW of Bayankhongor, 2200 m, 12.VII.2004, (1 ♀, 4 ♂), JH [OLBL]; Bayan-Ölgii, 15 km SW Delun, Dzhangyz-Agach-Gol River, 21.VII.1978, (1 ♀), MK [ZISP]; Dornod, Dorsargalant, Ider River, 20.VII.1975, (2 ♀), E. Narchuk, E. Sugonyaev [ZISP]; 17 km N Shine-Edera, 21.VII.1975, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), E. Sugonyaev [ZISP]; 25 km SSW Murene, 23.VII.1975, (2 ♀), MK [ZISP]; western part of Khukh-Nur Lake, 25-26.VI.1976, (1 ♂), MK [ZISP]; Dornogovi, Atayn Mts, Gichigniv Nuruu, 10 km SW Sain-Shand, 12.VII.2005, (1 ♀), JH [OLBL]; Govi-Altai, 35 km E Altai, 15.VI.1980, (1 ♀), MK [ZISP]; 70 km E of Altay Sity, Guulin, 14.VII.2005, (2 ♀), P. Tymer [OLBL]; Khuvsgul, Dzhargalant, Ider River, 19.VII.1975, (1 ♀), E. Sugonyaev [ZISP]; 17 km N of Shine-Eder, 21.VII.1975, (2 ♀), E. Sugonyaev [ZISP]; Terkhiyn-Tsaggan Lake, 2100 m, 22.VII.2005, (3 ♀), JH [OLBL]; Omnogovi, Khuchin, Khalka, 20.V.1909, (1 ♀), PK [ZISP]; Buchuk-Gol, Khalka, 25.VII.1909, (1 ♀), PK [ZISP]; Selenge, 90 km N of Ulaanbaatar, Segnez River, 1450 m, 6-8.VII.2003, (3 ♀, 1 ♂), JH [OLBL]; Atayn Mts., Gichigniy Nuruu, 10 km SW Talshand, 12.VII.2005, (51 ♀, 3 ♂), Kadlecova [FSCV]; Sukhbaatar, 100 km SSW of Baruun-Urt, 1100 m, 30.VII.2007, (1 ♀), M. Halada [OLBL]; Tuv, 100 km E of Ulaanbaatar, 20 km NE of Tereltz, Tuul River, 15-21.VII.2003, (1 ♀, 11 ♂), JH [OLBL]; Khangaun Mts, 5 km N of Khunt, 20.VII.2005, (4 ♀, 1 ♂), JH [OLBL]; Ulaanbaatar, Tola River, Urga [= Ulaanbaatar], 30.VI-8.VII.1905, (28 ♀, 2 ♂), PK [ZISP]; Urga env. [= Ulaanbaatar], 30.VI, (4 ♀, 1 ♂), PK [ZISP]; Sangin, Urga [= Ulaanbaatar], 25.VII.1905, (1 ♀), PK [ZISP]; “Tzorgol-Khayrkhan” [SW Ulaanbaatar], 23.VII.1909, (1 ♂), PK [ZISP]; Ulanbaatar, Tuul River valley, 12.VII.2003, (1 ♂), JH [ZISP]; Uvs, 20 km S Under-Khangai, Chigzhiin-Gol River, 2.VII.1978, (5 ♀, 1 ♂), MK [ZISP]; Ureg-Nur Lake, Kargy River, 6.VII.1978, (1 ♀), MK [ZISP]; Uvurkhangai, Soldzhin Col River, 29.VII.1899, (1 ♀), V. Soldatov [ZISP]; Kholt [375 km SW Ulaanbaatar], Northern Gobi, 15-19.VII.1926, (3 ♀, 4 ♂), PK [ZISP]; Lamyn-gegen, SE Khangai, 19.VII.1926, (8 ♀), Kirichenko [ZISP]; 20 km W Nariyn-Tel, 9.VII.1970, (1 ♂), MK [ZISP]; 90 km WWS Arbat-Khere, 22.VI.1985, (1 ♀), A. Gorokhov [ZISP]; 12 km E of Arvaykheer, 1770 m, 3.VII.2004, (3 ♀), JH [OLBL]; Zavkhan, Eastern part of Telmen Lake, 30.VI.1978, (1 ♂), MK [ZISP]; 40 km SW of Uliastay, dunes, 18.VII.2005, (9 ♀, 2 ♂), JH [OLBL].</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Structurally and in sharing long setae on the upper half of frons the new species is closest to Epeolus alpinus, E. laevifrons, E. gorodkovi sp. nov. and E. mongolicus. The new species differs from Epeolus alpinus, E. laevifrons and E. gorodkovi in having yellow-reddish (amber) pattern on metasomal terga (vs entirely black) and from E. mongolicus in having sparser pubescence on tergal discs (vs dense, as well as tomentum on marginal zones in E. mongolicus). Differences between the new species and other species of the Epeolus cruciger group are outlined in Table 1 and the key.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Female (holotype). Total body length 8.0 mm (Fig. 1A, B); forewing length (without tegula) 6.0 mm.</p> <p>Structure and sculpture: Head (Fig. 2A) transverse, 1.26 times as wide as long. Labrum (Fig. 2E) 1.6 times as wide as long, rounded basally and laterally, apical margin slightly curved with small distinct medial tooth; sub-apically with two well-visible teeth; integument shiny, coarsely and densely punctate (15-30 μm / confluent-0.5). Clypeus densely and finely punctate (10-15 μm / confluent-0.5), narrowly impunctate along apical margin. Frons with developed frontal keel. Upper half of frons and ocellocular area with shiny interspaces between punctures (15-30 μm / confluent-1.5). Flagellomeres ca 1.1 times as long as wide. Mesoscutum coarsely punctate (25-40 μm / confluent-1.5), interspaces between punctures shiny and smooth; mesoscutellum areolate-punctate. Axilla short and flat, pointed apically, but without distinct tooth. Mesoscutellum with shallow medial longitudinal impression; posterior margin scarcely extending over propodeum. Mesepisternum mostly areolate-punctate, with few interspaces ca one puncture diameter. Propodeal triangle shagreened; posterior vertical surface of propodeum shiny and smooth. Metasomal terga densely and finely punctate (10-15 μm / 0.5-1), interspaces shiny and smooth. Pseudopygidial area short, triangular. Pygidial plate trapezoidal, apically truncate. Processes on sides of S6 normal, with short projections. Sterna densely punctured like terga (Fig. 2D). S5 wide, straight as seen in lateral view.</p> <p>Integument coloration: Head mostly black, but mandibles (excluding dark apex), labrum, clypeus along apical margin, and F1 (partly) yellow-red (amber). Mesosoma mostly black; pronotal lobe, tegulae, axillae, mesoscutellum, metanotum medially and legs (including spurs) yellow-red (amber); wings with brownish darkening, stigma and veins brown. Metasomal terga mostly black, but yellow-red on posterior half of T1, along marginal zones of T2-T4 (narrow strip), and posterior half of T5; marginal zones amber, transparent. Pygidial plate yellow-red with brownish edging. Sterna brownish, yellow-red laterally and along marginal zones; marginal zones pale yellow.</p> <p>Pubescence: Pale tomentum yellow to white. Labrum with sparse thin golden setae. Paraocular and supraclypeal areas with dense tomentum obscuring integument, clypeus with sparse pubescence. Upper half of frons with long simple setae (Fig. 2C). Vertex with sparse thick (plumose) setae. Genal integument almost obscured by tomentum. Pronotum dorsally with tomentum obscuring integument. Mesoscutum with thick plumose setae, dense on anterior third and peripherally; with a few erect simple setae. Metanotal integument almost entirely obscured by tomentum. Mesepisternum with tomentum denser on upper half and laterally. Ventral parts of mesosoma with dense white tomentum. Legs with white setae. T1 with wide basal band of pale tomentum connected with apical band laterally; marginal zones on T1-T4 with uninterrupted bands of pale tomentum, but medially tomentum sparser and not obscuring integument. Setae on tergal discs brownish; sparser and shorter than on apical bands. Pseudopygidial area with silvery pubescence. Sterna with golden short and sparser setae; marginal zones of T2-T4 with white tomentum.</p> <p>Male. Structure, sculpture, coloration and pubescence are similar to those of the female (Fig. 1C). Head (Fig. 2B) transverse, ca 1.2 times as wide as long. F1 1.2-1.4 times as wide as long, remaining flagellomeres about as long as wide or little longer. Pygidial plate (T7) shiny, coarsely and densely punctate, 1.1-1.2 times as long as basal width narrowed toward apex, with shallow punctures; apical margin slightly curved. Clypeus with dense tomentum obscuring integument. Marginal zones of S2 and S3 with dense uninterrupted white tomentum bands; S4 and S5 normal, with golden long setae. Gonostylus as on Fig. 9B, F.</p> <p>Variability.</p> <p>Female. Total body length is 4.5-9.0 mm. The mesoscutellum is usually flattened with a weak medial longitudinal impression, but in large specimens this impression can sometimes be deep. The labrum, mandible, pronotal lobe, tegulae, legs, axillae and mesoscutellum are always yellow-reddish (amber); the clypeus is usually yellow-reddish apically as well as scape and partly F1. The females of this new species exhibit considerable intraspecific variation in the metasomal coloration and degree of development of the tergal tomentum bands. This variability is expressed in a huge variety of combinations of these features (Fig. 7A-G). Among all the specimens examined, there is not one where such a combination was more or less the same. The coloration of terga on discs ranges from mostly black (but never wholly) to a well-developed yellowish pattern; the proportion of yellow differs, but yellowish coloration is common on posterior half T1 and T5 and as a narrow strip along marginal zones of T2-T4. The sterna are yellow-reddish on marginal zones and can be reddish, brownish or black on discs.</p> <p>Apical bands on T1-T4 typically uninterrupted (Fig. 7E), but tomentum medially can be sparser and darker (Fig. 7C, D, F, G); or bands are distinctly interrupted (Fig. 7B). The tomentum coloration is yellowish, but varies from pale yellow to bright golden. The coloration of pubescence on tergal discs ranges from yellowish to brownish (i. e. can be contrasting or not with coloration of tomentum bands).</p> <p>In nine (5%) female specimens, the second submarginal crossvein is incomplete or lacking completely (Fig. 8A). A single teratological specimen has an additional submarginal cell (Fig. 8B).</p> <p>Male. Total body length 5.0-7.0 mm. The apical margin of the pygidial plate is sometimes straight or rarely slightly bilobed. The coloration of pedicel, scape and F1 varies from partly yellow-red to brownish. Variation in metasomal integument coloration is similar to that of the female with different proportions of black and yellow-red (Fig. 7H, I). Apical tomentum bands are typically uninterrupted (Fig. 7I), but sometimes tomentum setae medially are sparser and darker (Fig. 7H). Tergal discs setae are white, yellowish, golden or rarely brownish. The sterna can be brownish or black on discs, but typically it is with yellow-reddish pattern laterally and along marginal zones; marginal zones pale-yellow or yellow.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The specific name " Epeolus asiaticus " is an adjective in the nominative singular that means “Asian” in Latin and refers to the occurrence of this species in Asia.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Russia (Tyva Rep., Zabaikalskiy Terr.), Mongolia (Arkhangai, Bayankhongor, Bayan-Ölgii, Dornod, Dornogovi, Govi-Altai, Khuvsgul, Omnogovi, Selenge, Sukhbaatar, Tuv, Ulaanbaatar, Uvs, Uvurkhangai, Zavkhan).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F351E4BC9C8758A29E6FE35DFE63D81A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Astafurova, Yulia V.;Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.	Astafurova, Yulia V., Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu. (2022): Review of the Epeolus cruciger species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Epeolus Latreille, 1802) of Asia, with the description of two new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 92: 305-328, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098
E6BFD1C9BFB458D1A73277084A9C5281.text	E6BFD1C9BFB458D1A73277084A9C5281.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeolus cruciger (Panzer 1799)	<div><p>Epeolus cruciger (Panzer, 1799)</p> <p>Fig. 6</p> <p>Nomada crucigera Panzer, 1799: 20, ♂ (type locality: Austria), Natural History Museum, Berlin.</p> <p>Epeolus rufipes Thomson, 1870: 91, ♀ (type locality: S-Sweden), Zoological Museum of University Lund, Sweden.</p> <p>Epeolus similis Höppner, 1899: 355-356, ♀, ♂ (type locality: Freisenbüttel, Germany), Natural History Museum, Berlin.</p> <p>Epeolus cruciger var. elegans Müller, 1921: 168, ♀ (type locality: Arnswalde, Germany), Natural History Museum, Berlin.</p> <p>Epeolus cruciger var. rufiventris Müller, 1921: 168, ♀ (type locality: Arnswalde, Germany), Natural History Museum, Berlin.</p> <p>Epeolus marginatus Bischoff, 1930: 11, ♀, ♂ (type locality: Warnemünde, Germany), Natural History Museum, Berlin.</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>Russia, Chelyabinsk Prov., Metlino, 23.VIII.2004, (3 ♀), P. Rudoiskatel [ZISP]; Voznesenskaya, 16.VII.2017, (1 ♂), K. Fadeev [ZISP]; Orenburg Prov., Spassk [oye], (1 ♀, 1 ♂), coll. Eversmann [ZISP]; Orenburg, 18.VII.1920, (10 ♀, 1 ♂), P. Vorontzovskiy [ZISP]; Permskiy Terr., Kisherti, 29.VII.1961, (2 ♀, 1 ♂), Shemina [ZISP]; Sverdlovsk Prov., Sysertskiy distr, Dvurechensk, 29.VII.2007, (2 ♀), P. Rudoiskatel [ZISP]; Kemerovo Prov., Chebulinsk distr., Dmitriyevka, 8.VIII.2005, (1 ♀), N. Yeremyeva [ZISP]; Mozzhukha, 6.VII.2006, (1 ♂), Korshunov [ZISP]; 10 km NE Novokuznetzk, on Allium rubens, 31.VII.2008, (3 ♀), DS [ZISP]; 5 km NE Prokopyevsk, on Veronica spicata, 15.VIII.2009, (3 ♀), DS [ZISP]; Altaisky Terr., 15 km S Blagoveshchenki, Kuchukskoye Lake, 20-21.VII.2017, (4 ♀, 3 ♂), MP [FSCV/ ZISP]; 18 km NNW Rodino, Kuchuk River, 22.VII.2017, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), MP [FSCV/ ZISP]; Kulundinskoye Lake, Znamenka, 24.VII.2017, (2 ♀), MP [FSCV/ ZISP]; 30 km S Kuray, Savvushka, 31.VII.2007, (1 ♀), SB [ZISP]; 5 km SSE Solonovka, 1.VIII.2021, (1 ♀), DS [FSCV/ ZISP]; Khakassia Rep., Oshkol' Lake, 7.VIII.2007, (1 ♀), M. Shcherbakov [FSCV/ ZISP]; Sosnovoe Lake, 2.VIII.2018, (5♀, 5 ♂), SL, DS [ZISP]; Tyva Rep., 20 km NW Chadan, 9.VII.2009, (1 ♂), SB [ZISP]; 90 km S Kyzyl, Chagytay Lake, 21.VII.2010, (2 ♂), SB [ZISP]; 15 km NE Tyran, 31.VII.2009, (2 ♂), SB [ZISP]; Kyzyl, 15-19.VII.2010, (5 ♂), SB [ZISP]; Uvs-Nur Lake, 24.VII.2010, (1 ♀, 4 ♂), SB [ZISP]; Balgazyn, 29.VII.2010, (2 ♂), SB [ZISP]; 7 km SE Erzin, Tes-Khem River, 13.VII.2014, (4 ♀, 5 ♂), AL, MP, VL [FSCV/ ZISP]; 12 km SW Samagaltay, Dyttyg-Khem River, 17.VII.2014, (4 ♂), AS, MP, VL [FSCV/ ZISP]; 6 km SE Bay-Khaak, 20-21.VII.2014, (1 ♀), AL, MP, VL [FSCV/ ZISP]; 32 SW Kyzyl, Elegest River, 22.VII.2014, (1 ♀, 2 ♂), AS, MP, VL [FSCV/ ZISP]; 12 km SSE Erzin, 23.VII.2018, (1 ♀), SL, DS [ZISP]; 11 km W of Ust-Elegest, 27.VII.2018, (1 ♀), SL, DS [ZISP]; Krasnoyarsk Terr., Krasnoyarsk, (1 ♀), coll. Morawitz [ZISP]; idem, 20.VII.2012, (1 ♀), MP, VL [ZISP]; Minussinsk distr., Novosyolovo, 8.VIII.1924, (1 ♀), Vinogradov [ZISP]; Minussinsk env., Malaya Minusa River, 4.VII.2012, (1 ♂), MP, VL [FSCV]; Kuragino, on Veronica incana, 18.VII.2018, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), SL, DS [ZISP]; Buryatia Rep., Kurumkanskiy distr., Mayskiy, 23.VII.1995, (1 ♀), S. Rudykh [ZISP]; 18 km NE Malaya Kurba, 16.VIII.2016, (1 ♀), S. Rudykh [ZISP]; Ashan, 24.VII.2019, (1 ♀), Yu. Astafurova [ZISP]; Irkutsk Prov., Irkutsk, (4 ♂), coll. F. Morawitz [ZISP]; idem, (1 ♂), V. Yakovlev [ZISP]; Magadan Prov., Debin, 16.VII.1963, (2 ♀), Zhelkhovzev [ZMMU]; Kazakhstan, Semipalatinsk, (1 ♂), coll. F. Morawitz [ZISP]; Berchogur [=Birshoghyr], 17.VI.1910, (1 ♀, 5 ♂), L. Babyr [ZISP]; Dzhulek, Syr-Darja, 16.VI.1912, (2 ♂), L. Wolmann [ZISP]; Borovoye [=Burabay], 22.VII.1932, (4 ♀), V. Popov [ZISP]; Akmola Prov., Shortandy, 1.VII.1939, (1 ♀), B. Kuzin [ZMMU]; Yanvartzevo, 16.VI.-16.VIII.1950, (12 ♀, 32 ♂), Rudolf [ZISP]; Kharkin, Ural River, on Senecio jacobacea, Allium angulosum, 21.VI-3.VIII.1951, (29 ♀, 58 ♂), Rudolf, Popov [ZISP]; Derkul, 2.VIII.1953, (1 ♂), M. Belkovskiy [ZISP]; Alma-Ata, Aksay, 16.VII.1981, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), Kocourek [OLBL]; 20 km SE Askay, 16.VI.1992, (1 ♀), JH [OLLM]; Taldy-Kurgan, 200 km NE Cherkaskoye, 27.VI.1992, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), M. Halada [OLBL]; Balkhash, 28.VII.1992, (2 ♂), JH [OLBL]; 12 km N Balkhash, Kounradskiy, 1.VIII.2014, (1 ♂), K. Fadeev [ZISP]; Kyrgyzstan, Ak-Ulen, Issyk-Kul Lake, 29.VI.1953, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), D. Panfilov [ZMMU]; Pokrovka, Issyk-Kul Lake, 16.VII.1954, (1 ♀), D. Panfilov [ZMMU]; Tash-Arik, 11 km E Talas, 4.VII.1992, (1 ♂), Jirausek [OLBL]; Uzbekistan, Ambasar, 17.VIII.1936, (1 ♂), P. Rezvoy [ZISP]; Margilan, (1 ♀, 1 ♂), coll. F. Morawitz [ZISP]; Dzhuma, on Tamarix sp., 25.VI.1937, (1 ♂), V. Popov [ZISP]; Kurgan-Tube, 23.V.1938, (1 ♀), V. Popov [ZISP]; Turkmenistan, Chuli, Kopet Dag Mts, 16.VI.1914, (1 ♀), A. Golbek [V. Popov det. as E. cruciger] [ZISP]; Iran, Tabriz, 12.VI.1914, (1 ♀), Andrievskiy [ZISP].</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>We also have examined 80 specimens of this species (36 ♀, 44 ♂) from the European part of Russia and from the Caucasus. We have not listed materials from Yakutia published by Davydova and Pesenko (2002). A few specimens were misidentified by these authors and belong to E. alpinus (vide supra). A record from Sakhalin (Proshchalykin et al. 2004) also corresponds to E. alpinus.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Europe, Turkey, Syria, Iran, Russia, Kazakhstan, *Turkmenistan, *Uzbekistan, *Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia (Dornod, Khentii, Khovd, Khuvsgul) (Bogusch and Hadrava 2018; Astafurova and Proshchalykin 2021b).</p> <p>Variability.</p> <p>Female. Integument coloration. There are two main forms: dark with black/brownish metasoma (Fig. 6A, B) and light with reddish metasoma (Fig. 6C, D). Extremely dark specimens have yellow only on the mouth parts, tegulae and legs; this form is rare. A reddish labrum and mesoscutellum were found in most of the dark specimens examined. Extremely light individuals have a reddish or amber labrum, antennae, clypeus, lateral and lower part of mesosoma, mesoscutellum, axillae, metanotum, and mesosoma. In this case, the mesoscutum is partly reddish (laterally and with reddish spots posteriorly). Darker forms predominate in the forest zone and are rarer in the steppe zone. However, both forms can occur in the same location. Pubescence coloration. Pubescence of the head and mesosoma and tergal bands or spots of tomentum are white or pale yellow. Bright individuals (with yellow pubescence) are extremely rare and occur in the southern part of the range of this species. Coloration of tergal disc pubescence is quite variable and correlates with integument coloration: black or dark brownish in dark forms and light brownish (rarely yellowish) in light forms. Development of tomentum. The mesoscutum lacks tomentum or has only a pair of short paramedial strips. The development of white tomentum apical band or spots on terga is variable, but this tomentum is always interrupted medially. T1 and T2 have widely interrupted apical tomentum bands forming a pair of lateral spots, on T2 sometimes reduced to two pairs of small lateral spots (Fig. 6C). T3 and T4 are with two pairs of lateral spots or rarely with a single pair. Male. Males do not show significant variability. Yellow-red coloration is usually absent, except mouth parts, legs, tegulae and pygidial plate; labrum, pronotal lobe, mesoscutellum, axillae are only rarely reddish. Tomentum is white or pale-yellow.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E6BFD1C9BFB458D1A73277084A9C5281	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Astafurova, Yulia V.;Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.	Astafurova, Yulia V., Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu. (2022): Review of the Epeolus cruciger species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Epeolus Latreille, 1802) of Asia, with the description of two new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 92: 305-328, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098
272F93B945AA587997F7CBBED82D8A9A.text	272F93B945AA587997F7CBBED82D8A9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeolus cruciger species group	<div><p>Epeolus cruciger species group</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Labrum with apical margin straight or medially slightly curved, with small distinct medial tooth; sub-apically (as opposed to medially, as in species in the Epeolus variegatus species group, or apically, as in species in the E. julliani species group) with two obvious teeth (tubercles). Axilla flat, with small apical tooth or without distinct tooth. Species of the group are quite variable in the body size, coloration and pubescence.</p> <p>Species included.</p> <p>Epeolus alpinus Friese, 1893, E. asiaticus Astafurova &amp; Proshchalykin, sp. nov., E. cruciger (Panzer, 1799), E. gorodkovi Astafurova sp. nov., E. laevifrons Bischoff, 1930, E. mongolicus Astafurova &amp; Proshchalykin, 2021, E. schummeli Schilling, 1849, E. sigillatus Alfken, 1930.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/272F93B945AA587997F7CBBED82D8A9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Astafurova, Yulia V.;Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.	Astafurova, Yulia V., Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu. (2022): Review of the Epeolus cruciger species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Epeolus Latreille, 1802) of Asia, with the description of two new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 92: 305-328, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098
5885BBE8826A5C5CA1B514BE05873334.text	5885BBE8826A5C5CA1B514BE05873334.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeolus gorodkovi Astafurova 2022	<div><p>Epeolus gorodkovi Astafurova sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs 3, 4, 9A, E</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>Holotype: ♂, Tajikistan, Pamir Mts, Murgab River Valley, Zapadny Pshart River, 3325 m, on Myricana squamosa, 29.VI.1958, K. Gorogkov [ZISP]. Paratypes: 1 ♀, 16 ♂, the same label as in the holotype [ZISP]; 1 ♂, Afghanistan, Ghazni, Moqur, 2000 m, 24.VI.1970, Kabakov [ZISP].</p> <p>Diagnosis.</p> <p>Structurally and in coloration, the new species is very similar to Epeolus alpinus but differs in having uninterrupted apical tergal bands, denser and lighter pubescence on tergal discs (light brown to yellowish) and yellowish marginal zones on terga (black or brownish in Epeolus alpinus). The upper half of frons, ocellocular area and mesoscutum are mostly confluently punctate (with a few shiny interspaces) and similar to those in E. cruciger. Differences between the new species and other species of the Epeolus cruciger group are outlined in Table 1.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Male (holotype). Total body length 6.5 mm (Fig. 3C); forewing length (without tegula) 5.0 mm.</p> <p>Structure and sculpture: Head (Fig. 4A) transverse, ca 1.3 times as wide as long. Labrum (Fig. 4C) 1.6 times as wide as long, rounded basally and laterally, apical margin slightly curved medially with small distinct medial tooth; sub-apically with two well-visible teeth; integument shiny, coarsely punctate (15-25 μm / confluent-1). Clypeus densely and finely punctate (ca 10 μm / confluent). Frons with well-developed frontal keel. Upper half of frons mostly with confluent punctures (15-20 μm), sparser on ocellocular area. Antennae short, flagellomeres ca as long as wide. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (Fig. 4E) coarsely (25-40 μm) and mostly areolate-punctate with a few interspaces at most a half puncture diameter. Axillae short and flat, apically with small tooth (Fig. 4E). Mesoscutellum with medial longitudinal impression; posterior margin scarcely extending over propodeum. Mesepisternum areolate-punctate, with shiny interspaces on hypoepimeral area. Propodeal triangle shagreened; posterior vertical surface shiny and smooth. Metasomal terga densely and finely punctate (10-15 μm / 0.5-1), interspaces shiny and smooth. Pygidial plate (T7) coarsely and densely punctate, shiny between punctures, 1.0-1.1 times as long as basal width, narrowed toward apex, with shallow punctures; apical margin slightly curved (Fig. 4D). Sterna punctured like terga, but sparser.</p> <p>Integument coloration. Head black, except partly red-yellowish mandibles, brownish antennae and apically yellowish F1. Mesosoma black, except red-yellowish tegulae, tibiae and tarsi. Metasomal terga black, but marginal zones pale-yellow to golden. Sterna brownish with marginal zones the same color as on terga.</p> <p>Pubescence: Tomentum whitish to yellow (except sometimes brownish on tergal discs). Labrum apically with sparse thin setae. Paraocular and supraclypeal areas with dense tomentum obscuring integument, pubescence on clypeus sparser, shorter and shabby. Upper half of frons with long simple setae. Vertex with sparse thick (plumose) setae. Gena with dense tomentum, but not obscuring integument. Pronotum dorsally with tomentum obscuring integument. Mesoscutum with tomentum of adpressed plumose setae (dense on anterior third and peripherally) and long erect simple setae. Metanotal integumentalmost obscured by short tomentum. Mesepisternum and ventral parts of mesosoma with long tomentum obscuring integument. Legs with white setae. Terga (Fig. 4F) with uninterrupted apical (on marginal zone) light bands of tomentum; T1 entirely covered light tomentum, but with setae medially sparser and shorter; pubescence on other tergal discs short, relatively dense, the same color as on marginal zones or darker to brownish. Marginal zones of S2 and S3 with dense uninterrupted white bands of tomentum; S4 and S5 normal, with golden long setae. Gonostylus as in Fig. 9A, E.</p> <p>Female. Structure, sculpture, coloration and pubescence are similar to those of the male (Fig. 3A, B). Head (Fig. 4B) 1.25 times as wide as long. Flagellomeres ca 1.1 as long as wide. Pseudopygidial area short, triangular. Pygidial plate trapezoidal, apically truncate. Processes on sides of S6 normal, with short projections. S5 wide, straight as seen in lateral view. Head with adpressed tomentum around antennal sockets (in the single female specimen). T1 with wide basal whitish band of tomentum medially separated by brownish sparser pubescence and connected with apical band laterally; brownish pubescence on tergal discs contrasting with light tomentum bands on marginal zones.</p> <p>Variability.</p> <p>The male specimen from Afghanistan has a red labrum, F1, pronotal lobes and pygidial plate.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>The new species is named in honor of famous Russian entomologist and zoogeographer Kirill B. Gorodkov (1932-2001), the collector of the type series.</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Tajikistan, Afghanistan.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5885BBE8826A5C5CA1B514BE05873334	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Astafurova, Yulia V.;Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.	Astafurova, Yulia V., Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu. (2022): Review of the Epeolus cruciger species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Epeolus Latreille, 1802) of Asia, with the description of two new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 92: 305-328, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098
BE334839D3EF58B88126AA5BC5FA1BB2.text	BE334839D3EF58B88126AA5BC5FA1BB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeolus Latreille 1802	<div><p>Genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802</p> <p>Epeolus Latreille, 1802: 427. Type species: Apis variegata Linnaeus, 1758, monobasic.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE334839D3EF58B88126AA5BC5FA1BB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Astafurova, Yulia V.;Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.	Astafurova, Yulia V., Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu. (2022): Review of the Epeolus cruciger species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Epeolus Latreille, 1802) of Asia, with the description of two new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 92: 305-328, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098
6211FF32E2BA55A2871429840245B625.text	6211FF32E2BA55A2871429840245B625.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeolus mongolicus Astafurova & Proshchalykin 2021	<div><p>Epeolus mongolicus Astafurova &amp; Proshchalykin, 2021</p> <p>Epeolus mongolicus Astafurova &amp; Proshchalykin, 2021b: 19, ♀ (holotype: ♀, W Mongolia, Zavkhan, 40 km SW of Uliastay [OLBL]).</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>Kyrgyzstan, Ak-Ulen, Issyk-Kul Lake, 29.VI.1953, (1 ♀), D. Panfilov [ZMMU]; Ala-Tal, Nura, Kysyl Suu, 2900 m, 22.VII.1999, (1 ♀), F. Wagner [OLBL]; Russia, Tyva Republic, 25 km SE Erzin, Tes-Khem River, 14-15.VII.2014, (1 ♀), AL, MP, VL [ZISP], Mongolia, see Astafurova and Proshchalykin (2021b: 19).</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>*Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia (Bulgan, Zavkhan), *Russia (Tyva Republic) (Astafurova and Proshchalykin 2021b).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Male unknown.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6211FF32E2BA55A2871429840245B625	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Astafurova, Yulia V.;Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.	Astafurova, Yulia V., Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu. (2022): Review of the Epeolus cruciger species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Epeolus Latreille, 1802) of Asia, with the description of two new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 92: 305-328, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098
1FA80C73468C51BEA80878CC01363666.text	1FA80C73468C51BEA80878CC01363666.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epeolus schummeli Schilling 1849	<div><p>Epeolus schummeli Schilling, 1849</p> <p>Epeolus schummeli Schilling, 1849: 104, ♀ (type locality: Schlesien), type lost.</p> <p>Epeolus ruthenicus Radoszkowski, 1891: 245, ♂ (type locality: Minsk, Belarus), Natural History Museum, Berlin.</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>Belarus, Grodno, (1 ♀), coll. F. Morawitz [E. variegatus Morawitz det.] [ZISP]; Russia, Simferopol, 3.VII.1921, (1 ♀), Gussakovskij [ZISP]; Ukraine, Kupiansk, 18.VI.1984, (2 ♀, 2 ♂), Yaroshevskiy [ZISP].</p> <p>Distribution.</p> <p>Central and southern Europe, Caucasus, Turkey, Middle East, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia (south of the European part) (Bogusch 2018, 2021; Bogusch and Hadrava 2018; Le Divelec 2021).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1FA80C73468C51BEA80878CC01363666	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Astafurova, Yulia V.;Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.	Astafurova, Yulia V., Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu. (2022): Review of the Epeolus cruciger species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Epeolus Latreille, 1802) of Asia, with the description of two new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 92: 305-328, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.92.90098
