taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
038687A1FFF995439FE824CEFF3B7E9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040568/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040568	FIGURE 2. Life-forms and inflorescences in Paepalanthus species without scape. A–B. Paepalanthus leucocephalus growing in the Chapada Diamantina, BA. C–E. P. paganuccii. C. Population growing in Tocantins (Harley 56669) on sandy soil. D. Rupiculous individual growing on sandstone. E. Detail of the capitulum. F. P. scleranthus, growing in Diamantina, MG, showing the black capitula. G. P. sessiliflorus growing in campo rupestre in Pico das Almas, BA. Scale bar: 5 mm. (photo credits: A–B. C.N. Fraga, C–E, G. R.M. Harley, F. M. Trovó).	FIGURE 2. Life-forms and inflorescences in Paepalanthus species without scape. A–B. Paepalanthus leucocephalus growing in the Chapada Diamantina, BA. C–E. P. paganuccii. C. Population growing in Tocantins (Harley 56669) on sandy soil. D. Rupiculous individual growing on sandstone. E. Detail of the capitulum. F. P. scleranthus, growing in Diamantina, MG, showing the black capitula. G. P. sessiliflorus growing in campo rupestre in Pico das Almas, BA. Scale bar: 5 mm. (photo credits: A–B. C.N. Fraga, C–E, G. R.M. Harley, F. M. Trovó).	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF995439FE824CEFF3B7E9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040570/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040570	FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Paepalanthus species without scape. Red-orange symbols = Paepalanthus ser. Leptocephali; Blue-green symbols = P. subg. Thelxinoë.	FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Paepalanthus species without scape. Red-orange symbols = Paepalanthus ser. Leptocephali; Blue-green symbols = P. subg. Thelxinoë.	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF995439FE824CEFF3B7E9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040572/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040572	FIGURE4.MorphologyofplantandflowersinPaepalanthuswithoutscape.A–K:Paepalanthuspaganuccii.A.habit.B.leaf.C.capitulum. D. involucral bract of the outer series. E. involucral bract of the inner series. F. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. G. closed staminate flower showing pedicel, calyx and corolla trichomes. H. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. I. sepal. J. petal. K. developing fruit with two petals. L–M: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus var. sessiliflorus. L. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. M. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. N–P: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. N. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. O. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. P. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium. Q–S: Paepalanthus scleranthus. Q. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. R. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. S. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium [A–K. Queiroz 10917, holotype of P. paganuccii (HUEFS), L–M. Andrade 623 (HUEFS), N–P. Andrade 549 (HUEFS), Q–S. Alves 4015 (RB), drawings by AMG inked in by Carla Lima].	FIGURE4.MorphologyofplantandflowersinPaepalanthuswithoutscape.A–K:Paepalanthuspaganuccii.A.habit.B.leaf.C.capitulum. D. involucral bract of the outer series. E. involucral bract of the inner series. F. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. G. closed staminate flower showing pedicel, calyx and corolla trichomes. H. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. I. sepal. J. petal. K. developing fruit with two petals. L–M: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus var. sessiliflorus. L. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. M. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. N–P: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. N. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. O. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. P. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium. Q–S: Paepalanthus scleranthus. Q. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. R. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. S. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium [A–K. Queiroz 10917, holotype of P. paganuccii (HUEFS), L–M. Andrade 623 (HUEFS), N–P. Andrade 549 (HUEFS), Q–S. Alves 4015 (RB), drawings by AMG inked in by Carla Lima].	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF995439FE824CEFF3B7E9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040574/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040574	FIGURE 5. SEM micrographs. A–I: Paepalanthus paganuccii. A. capitulum rounded by the terminal leaves. B. leaf with filamentous trichomes. C. leaf margin showing tricellular filamentous trichomes with a ring on the apex of the basal cell. D. staminate old flower showing bract with trichomes, calyx and involute corolla. E. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. F. detail of petal apex showing 1-3-celled filamentous trichomes, basal cell with ring. G. detail of the floral bract apex showing 4-5-celled filamentous trichomes. H–I. mature seed, seed coat with a tuberculate-striate pattern, with the long tubercule organized in rows. I. detail of the seed coat showing the elongate tubercules. J–N: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus. J. a complete individual plant. K. staminate old flower showing long ciliate floral bract and calyx. L. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. M–N. mature seed, seed coat with a reticulate pattern. N. detail of the seed coat showing cells 4-5-walled, the longitudinal anticlinal walls more proeminente than the transverse walls (A–I. Queiroz 10917, J. Queiroz 880, K. Harley 53657, L–N. Andrade 623).	FIGURE 5. SEM micrographs. A–I: Paepalanthus paganuccii. A. capitulum rounded by the terminal leaves. B. leaf with filamentous trichomes. C. leaf margin showing tricellular filamentous trichomes with a ring on the apex of the basal cell. D. staminate old flower showing bract with trichomes, calyx and involute corolla. E. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. F. detail of petal apex showing 1-3-celled filamentous trichomes, basal cell with ring. G. detail of the floral bract apex showing 4-5-celled filamentous trichomes. H–I. mature seed, seed coat with a tuberculate-striate pattern, with the long tubercule organized in rows. I. detail of the seed coat showing the elongate tubercules. J–N: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus. J. a complete individual plant. K. staminate old flower showing long ciliate floral bract and calyx. L. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. M–N. mature seed, seed coat with a reticulate pattern. N. detail of the seed coat showing cells 4-5-walled, the longitudinal anticlinal walls more proeminente than the transverse walls (A–I. Queiroz 10917, J. Queiroz 880, K. Harley 53657, L–N. Andrade 623).	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF995439FE824CEFF3B7E9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040564/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040564	FIGURE 1. Majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian Inference analysis with combined nuclear and plastid data sets. Circles indicate the result of the Ancestral Character reconstruction by parsimony for the escape, indicate the frequency of the states in the last 1,000 post-burn-in trees from IB analysis of nuclear and plastid combined data set: white = scape present; black = scape absent; red = node absent. Above branches are values of posterior probabilities (PP), below are the bootstrap (BS) percentages from maximum parsimony (left) and maximum likelihood analyses (right); * indicates PP=1.00 and/or BS=100%; - indicates BS <50%. Figures show species with scape (P. regalis, by R.M. Harley) and without scape (P. paganuccii and P. sessiliflorus, by R.M. Harley; P. leucocephalus, by C.N. Fraga; P. scleranthus, by M. Trovó).	FIGURE 1. Majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian Inference analysis with combined nuclear and plastid data sets. Circles indicate the result of the Ancestral Character reconstruction by parsimony for the escape, indicate the frequency of the states in the last 1,000 post-burn-in trees from IB analysis of nuclear and plastid combined data set: white = scape present; black = scape absent; red = node absent. Above branches are values of posterior probabilities (PP), below are the bootstrap (BS) percentages from maximum parsimony (left) and maximum likelihood analyses (right); * indicates PP=1.00 and/or BS=100%; - indicates BS <50%. Figures show species with scape (P. regalis, by R.M. Harley) and without scape (P. paganuccii and P. sessiliflorus, by R.M. Harley; P. leucocephalus, by C.N. Fraga; P. scleranthus, by M. Trovó).	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF495409FE82464FA427D02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040568/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040568	FIGURE 2. Life-forms and inflorescences in Paepalanthus species without scape. A–B. Paepalanthus leucocephalus growing in the Chapada Diamantina, BA. C–E. P. paganuccii. C. Population growing in Tocantins (Harley 56669) on sandy soil. D. Rupiculous individual growing on sandstone. E. Detail of the capitulum. F. P. scleranthus, growing in Diamantina, MG, showing the black capitula. G. P. sessiliflorus growing in campo rupestre in Pico das Almas, BA. Scale bar: 5 mm. (photo credits: A–B. C.N. Fraga, C–E, G. R.M. Harley, F. M. Trovó).	FIGURE 2. Life-forms and inflorescences in Paepalanthus species without scape. A–B. Paepalanthus leucocephalus growing in the Chapada Diamantina, BA. C–E. P. paganuccii. C. Population growing in Tocantins (Harley 56669) on sandy soil. D. Rupiculous individual growing on sandstone. E. Detail of the capitulum. F. P. scleranthus, growing in Diamantina, MG, showing the black capitula. G. P. sessiliflorus growing in campo rupestre in Pico das Almas, BA. Scale bar: 5 mm. (photo credits: A–B. C.N. Fraga, C–E, G. R.M. Harley, F. M. Trovó).	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF495409FE82464FA427D02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040570/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040570	FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Paepalanthus species without scape. Red-orange symbols = Paepalanthus ser. Leptocephali; Blue-green symbols = P. subg. Thelxinoë.	FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Paepalanthus species without scape. Red-orange symbols = Paepalanthus ser. Leptocephali; Blue-green symbols = P. subg. Thelxinoë.	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF495409FE82464FA427D02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040572/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040572	FIGURE4.MorphologyofplantandflowersinPaepalanthuswithoutscape.A–K:Paepalanthuspaganuccii.A.habit.B.leaf.C.capitulum. D. involucral bract of the outer series. E. involucral bract of the inner series. F. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. G. closed staminate flower showing pedicel, calyx and corolla trichomes. H. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. I. sepal. J. petal. K. developing fruit with two petals. L–M: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus var. sessiliflorus. L. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. M. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. N–P: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. N. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. O. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. P. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium. Q–S: Paepalanthus scleranthus. Q. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. R. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. S. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium [A–K. Queiroz 10917, holotype of P. paganuccii (HUEFS), L–M. Andrade 623 (HUEFS), N–P. Andrade 549 (HUEFS), Q–S. Alves 4015 (RB), drawings by AMG inked in by Carla Lima].	FIGURE4.MorphologyofplantandflowersinPaepalanthuswithoutscape.A–K:Paepalanthuspaganuccii.A.habit.B.leaf.C.capitulum. D. involucral bract of the outer series. E. involucral bract of the inner series. F. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. G. closed staminate flower showing pedicel, calyx and corolla trichomes. H. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. I. sepal. J. petal. K. developing fruit with two petals. L–M: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus var. sessiliflorus. L. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. M. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. N–P: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. N. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. O. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. P. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium. Q–S: Paepalanthus scleranthus. Q. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. R. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. S. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium [A–K. Queiroz 10917, holotype of P. paganuccii (HUEFS), L–M. Andrade 623 (HUEFS), N–P. Andrade 549 (HUEFS), Q–S. Alves 4015 (RB), drawings by AMG inked in by Carla Lima].	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF495409FE82464FA427D02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040574/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040574	FIGURE 5. SEM micrographs. A–I: Paepalanthus paganuccii. A. capitulum rounded by the terminal leaves. B. leaf with filamentous trichomes. C. leaf margin showing tricellular filamentous trichomes with a ring on the apex of the basal cell. D. staminate old flower showing bract with trichomes, calyx and involute corolla. E. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. F. detail of petal apex showing 1-3-celled filamentous trichomes, basal cell with ring. G. detail of the floral bract apex showing 4-5-celled filamentous trichomes. H–I. mature seed, seed coat with a tuberculate-striate pattern, with the long tubercule organized in rows. I. detail of the seed coat showing the elongate tubercules. J–N: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus. J. a complete individual plant. K. staminate old flower showing long ciliate floral bract and calyx. L. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. M–N. mature seed, seed coat with a reticulate pattern. N. detail of the seed coat showing cells 4-5-walled, the longitudinal anticlinal walls more proeminente than the transverse walls (A–I. Queiroz 10917, J. Queiroz 880, K. Harley 53657, L–N. Andrade 623).	FIGURE 5. SEM micrographs. A–I: Paepalanthus paganuccii. A. capitulum rounded by the terminal leaves. B. leaf with filamentous trichomes. C. leaf margin showing tricellular filamentous trichomes with a ring on the apex of the basal cell. D. staminate old flower showing bract with trichomes, calyx and involute corolla. E. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. F. detail of petal apex showing 1-3-celled filamentous trichomes, basal cell with ring. G. detail of the floral bract apex showing 4-5-celled filamentous trichomes. H–I. mature seed, seed coat with a tuberculate-striate pattern, with the long tubercule organized in rows. I. detail of the seed coat showing the elongate tubercules. J–N: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus. J. a complete individual plant. K. staminate old flower showing long ciliate floral bract and calyx. L. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. M–N. mature seed, seed coat with a reticulate pattern. N. detail of the seed coat showing cells 4-5-walled, the longitudinal anticlinal walls more proeminente than the transverse walls (A–I. Queiroz 10917, J. Queiroz 880, K. Harley 53657, L–N. Andrade 623).	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF795409FE82610FF01795E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040570/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040570	FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Paepalanthus species without scape. Red-orange symbols = Paepalanthus ser. Leptocephali; Blue-green symbols = P. subg. Thelxinoë.	FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Paepalanthus species without scape. Red-orange symbols = Paepalanthus ser. Leptocephali; Blue-green symbols = P. subg. Thelxinoë.	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF795479FE8225DFB997EA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040568/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040568	FIGURE 2. Life-forms and inflorescences in Paepalanthus species without scape. A–B. Paepalanthus leucocephalus growing in the Chapada Diamantina, BA. C–E. P. paganuccii. C. Population growing in Tocantins (Harley 56669) on sandy soil. D. Rupiculous individual growing on sandstone. E. Detail of the capitulum. F. P. scleranthus, growing in Diamantina, MG, showing the black capitula. G. P. sessiliflorus growing in campo rupestre in Pico das Almas, BA. Scale bar: 5 mm. (photo credits: A–B. C.N. Fraga, C–E, G. R.M. Harley, F. M. Trovó).	FIGURE 2. Life-forms and inflorescences in Paepalanthus species without scape. A–B. Paepalanthus leucocephalus growing in the Chapada Diamantina, BA. C–E. P. paganuccii. C. Population growing in Tocantins (Harley 56669) on sandy soil. D. Rupiculous individual growing on sandstone. E. Detail of the capitulum. F. P. scleranthus, growing in Diamantina, MG, showing the black capitula. G. P. sessiliflorus growing in campo rupestre in Pico das Almas, BA. Scale bar: 5 mm. (photo credits: A–B. C.N. Fraga, C–E, G. R.M. Harley, F. M. Trovó).	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF795479FE8225DFB997EA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040570/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040570	FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Paepalanthus species without scape. Red-orange symbols = Paepalanthus ser. Leptocephali; Blue-green symbols = P. subg. Thelxinoë.	FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Paepalanthus species without scape. Red-orange symbols = Paepalanthus ser. Leptocephali; Blue-green symbols = P. subg. Thelxinoë.	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF795479FE8225DFB997EA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040572/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040572	FIGURE4.MorphologyofplantandflowersinPaepalanthuswithoutscape.A–K:Paepalanthuspaganuccii.A.habit.B.leaf.C.capitulum. D. involucral bract of the outer series. E. involucral bract of the inner series. F. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. G. closed staminate flower showing pedicel, calyx and corolla trichomes. H. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. I. sepal. J. petal. K. developing fruit with two petals. L–M: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus var. sessiliflorus. L. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. M. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. N–P: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. N. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. O. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. P. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium. Q–S: Paepalanthus scleranthus. Q. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. R. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. S. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium [A–K. Queiroz 10917, holotype of P. paganuccii (HUEFS), L–M. Andrade 623 (HUEFS), N–P. Andrade 549 (HUEFS), Q–S. Alves 4015 (RB), drawings by AMG inked in by Carla Lima].	FIGURE4.MorphologyofplantandflowersinPaepalanthuswithoutscape.A–K:Paepalanthuspaganuccii.A.habit.B.leaf.C.capitulum. D. involucral bract of the outer series. E. involucral bract of the inner series. F. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. G. closed staminate flower showing pedicel, calyx and corolla trichomes. H. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. I. sepal. J. petal. K. developing fruit with two petals. L–M: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus var. sessiliflorus. L. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. M. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. N–P: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. N. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. O. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. P. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium. Q–S: Paepalanthus scleranthus. Q. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. R. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. S. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium [A–K. Queiroz 10917, holotype of P. paganuccii (HUEFS), L–M. Andrade 623 (HUEFS), N–P. Andrade 549 (HUEFS), Q–S. Alves 4015 (RB), drawings by AMG inked in by Carla Lima].	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF795479FE8225DFB997EA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040576/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040576	FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs. A–H: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. A. leaf with two types of trichomes: filamentous and malpighiaceous (2 armed) trichomes. B. staminate flower showing bract, calyx, anthophore, corolla and anther. C. pistillate flower showing bract, calyx with two concave sepals and one petal and part of ovary. D. pistillate flower showing one sepal, one petal and gynoecium with style with stigmate branch, lacking nectariferous branch. E. pistillate flower showing detail of the petal and gynoecium.F. detail of the external ovary surface. G. mature seed, seed coat with a reticulate pattern. H. detail of the seed coat showing the cells 4-5 walled. I–N: Paepalanthus scleranthus. I. leaf with two types of trichomes: filamentous and malpighiaceous (2 armed) trichomes. J. adaxial leaf surface showing detail of the filamentous and malpighiaceous trichomes. K. pistillate flower showing bract, one sepal, one petal and gynoecium. L. staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla and anther. M. pistillate open flower showing two sepals bigger than the two petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. N. pistillate closed flower showing two concave sepals involving the corolla. (A–C. Andrade 589, D–F. Andrade 625, G–H: Andrade 620, I–J, M. Harley 55538a, K–L, N. Harley 55538b).	FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs. A–H: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. A. leaf with two types of trichomes: filamentous and malpighiaceous (2 armed) trichomes. B. staminate flower showing bract, calyx, anthophore, corolla and anther. C. pistillate flower showing bract, calyx with two concave sepals and one petal and part of ovary. D. pistillate flower showing one sepal, one petal and gynoecium with style with stigmate branch, lacking nectariferous branch. E. pistillate flower showing detail of the petal and gynoecium.F. detail of the external ovary surface. G. mature seed, seed coat with a reticulate pattern. H. detail of the seed coat showing the cells 4-5 walled. I–N: Paepalanthus scleranthus. I. leaf with two types of trichomes: filamentous and malpighiaceous (2 armed) trichomes. J. adaxial leaf surface showing detail of the filamentous and malpighiaceous trichomes. K. pistillate flower showing bract, one sepal, one petal and gynoecium. L. staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla and anther. M. pistillate open flower showing two sepals bigger than the two petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. N. pistillate closed flower showing two concave sepals involving the corolla. (A–C. Andrade 589, D–F. Andrade 625, G–H: Andrade 620, I–J, M. Harley 55538a, K–L, N. Harley 55538b).	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF795479FE8225DFB997EA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040574/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040574	FIGURE 5. SEM micrographs. A–I: Paepalanthus paganuccii. A. capitulum rounded by the terminal leaves. B. leaf with filamentous trichomes. C. leaf margin showing tricellular filamentous trichomes with a ring on the apex of the basal cell. D. staminate old flower showing bract with trichomes, calyx and involute corolla. E. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. F. detail of petal apex showing 1-3-celled filamentous trichomes, basal cell with ring. G. detail of the floral bract apex showing 4-5-celled filamentous trichomes. H–I. mature seed, seed coat with a tuberculate-striate pattern, with the long tubercule organized in rows. I. detail of the seed coat showing the elongate tubercules. J–N: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus. J. a complete individual plant. K. staminate old flower showing long ciliate floral bract and calyx. L. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. M–N. mature seed, seed coat with a reticulate pattern. N. detail of the seed coat showing cells 4-5-walled, the longitudinal anticlinal walls more proeminente than the transverse walls (A–I. Queiroz 10917, J. Queiroz 880, K. Harley 53657, L–N. Andrade 623).	FIGURE 5. SEM micrographs. A–I: Paepalanthus paganuccii. A. capitulum rounded by the terminal leaves. B. leaf with filamentous trichomes. C. leaf margin showing tricellular filamentous trichomes with a ring on the apex of the basal cell. D. staminate old flower showing bract with trichomes, calyx and involute corolla. E. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. F. detail of petal apex showing 1-3-celled filamentous trichomes, basal cell with ring. G. detail of the floral bract apex showing 4-5-celled filamentous trichomes. H–I. mature seed, seed coat with a tuberculate-striate pattern, with the long tubercule organized in rows. I. detail of the seed coat showing the elongate tubercules. J–N: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus. J. a complete individual plant. K. staminate old flower showing long ciliate floral bract and calyx. L. pistillate flower showing three ciliate petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. M–N. mature seed, seed coat with a reticulate pattern. N. detail of the seed coat showing cells 4-5-walled, the longitudinal anticlinal walls more proeminente than the transverse walls (A–I. Queiroz 10917, J. Queiroz 880, K. Harley 53657, L–N. Andrade 623).	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF095479FE82475FBF47454.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040568/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040568	FIGURE 2. Life-forms and inflorescences in Paepalanthus species without scape. A–B. Paepalanthus leucocephalus growing in the Chapada Diamantina, BA. C–E. P. paganuccii. C. Population growing in Tocantins (Harley 56669) on sandy soil. D. Rupiculous individual growing on sandstone. E. Detail of the capitulum. F. P. scleranthus, growing in Diamantina, MG, showing the black capitula. G. P. sessiliflorus growing in campo rupestre in Pico das Almas, BA. Scale bar: 5 mm. (photo credits: A–B. C.N. Fraga, C–E, G. R.M. Harley, F. M. Trovó).	FIGURE 2. Life-forms and inflorescences in Paepalanthus species without scape. A–B. Paepalanthus leucocephalus growing in the Chapada Diamantina, BA. C–E. P. paganuccii. C. Population growing in Tocantins (Harley 56669) on sandy soil. D. Rupiculous individual growing on sandstone. E. Detail of the capitulum. F. P. scleranthus, growing in Diamantina, MG, showing the black capitula. G. P. sessiliflorus growing in campo rupestre in Pico das Almas, BA. Scale bar: 5 mm. (photo credits: A–B. C.N. Fraga, C–E, G. R.M. Harley, F. M. Trovó).	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF095479FE82475FBF47454.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040570/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040570	FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Paepalanthus species without scape. Red-orange symbols = Paepalanthus ser. Leptocephali; Blue-green symbols = P. subg. Thelxinoë.	FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Paepalanthus species without scape. Red-orange symbols = Paepalanthus ser. Leptocephali; Blue-green symbols = P. subg. Thelxinoë.	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF095479FE82475FBF47454.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040572/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040572	FIGURE4.MorphologyofplantandflowersinPaepalanthuswithoutscape.A–K:Paepalanthuspaganuccii.A.habit.B.leaf.C.capitulum. D. involucral bract of the outer series. E. involucral bract of the inner series. F. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. G. closed staminate flower showing pedicel, calyx and corolla trichomes. H. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. I. sepal. J. petal. K. developing fruit with two petals. L–M: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus var. sessiliflorus. L. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. M. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. N–P: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. N. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. O. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. P. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium. Q–S: Paepalanthus scleranthus. Q. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. R. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. S. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium [A–K. Queiroz 10917, holotype of P. paganuccii (HUEFS), L–M. Andrade 623 (HUEFS), N–P. Andrade 549 (HUEFS), Q–S. Alves 4015 (RB), drawings by AMG inked in by Carla Lima].	FIGURE4.MorphologyofplantandflowersinPaepalanthuswithoutscape.A–K:Paepalanthuspaganuccii.A.habit.B.leaf.C.capitulum. D. involucral bract of the outer series. E. involucral bract of the inner series. F. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. G. closed staminate flower showing pedicel, calyx and corolla trichomes. H. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. I. sepal. J. petal. K. developing fruit with two petals. L–M: Paepalanthus sessiliflorus var. sessiliflorus. L. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. M. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla, gynoecium and floral bract. N–P: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. N. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. O. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. P. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium. Q–S: Paepalanthus scleranthus. Q. open staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla, androecium and floral bract. R. closed pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and floral bract apex. S. open pistillate flower showing calyx, corolla and gynoecium [A–K. Queiroz 10917, holotype of P. paganuccii (HUEFS), L–M. Andrade 623 (HUEFS), N–P. Andrade 549 (HUEFS), Q–S. Alves 4015 (RB), drawings by AMG inked in by Carla Lima].	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
038687A1FFF095479FE82475FBF47454.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7040576/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7040576	FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs. A–H: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. A. leaf with two types of trichomes: filamentous and malpighiaceous (2 armed) trichomes. B. staminate flower showing bract, calyx, anthophore, corolla and anther. C. pistillate flower showing bract, calyx with two concave sepals and one petal and part of ovary. D. pistillate flower showing one sepal, one petal and gynoecium with style with stigmate branch, lacking nectariferous branch. E. pistillate flower showing detail of the petal and gynoecium.F. detail of the external ovary surface. G. mature seed, seed coat with a reticulate pattern. H. detail of the seed coat showing the cells 4-5 walled. I–N: Paepalanthus scleranthus. I. leaf with two types of trichomes: filamentous and malpighiaceous (2 armed) trichomes. J. adaxial leaf surface showing detail of the filamentous and malpighiaceous trichomes. K. pistillate flower showing bract, one sepal, one petal and gynoecium. L. staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla and anther. M. pistillate open flower showing two sepals bigger than the two petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. N. pistillate closed flower showing two concave sepals involving the corolla. (A–C. Andrade 589, D–F. Andrade 625, G–H: Andrade 620, I–J, M. Harley 55538a, K–L, N. Harley 55538b).	FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs. A–H: Paepalanthus leucocephalus. A. leaf with two types of trichomes: filamentous and malpighiaceous (2 armed) trichomes. B. staminate flower showing bract, calyx, anthophore, corolla and anther. C. pistillate flower showing bract, calyx with two concave sepals and one petal and part of ovary. D. pistillate flower showing one sepal, one petal and gynoecium with style with stigmate branch, lacking nectariferous branch. E. pistillate flower showing detail of the petal and gynoecium.F. detail of the external ovary surface. G. mature seed, seed coat with a reticulate pattern. H. detail of the seed coat showing the cells 4-5 walled. I–N: Paepalanthus scleranthus. I. leaf with two types of trichomes: filamentous and malpighiaceous (2 armed) trichomes. J. adaxial leaf surface showing detail of the filamentous and malpighiaceous trichomes. K. pistillate flower showing bract, one sepal, one petal and gynoecium. L. staminate flower showing calyx, anthophore, corolla and anther. M. pistillate open flower showing two sepals bigger than the two petals and gynoecium with stigmatic branch, lacking nectariferous branches. N. pistillate closed flower showing two concave sepals involving the corolla. (A–C. Andrade 589, D–F. Andrade 625, G–H: Andrade 620, I–J, M. Harley 55538a, K–L, N. Harley 55538b).	2022-09-01	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria		Zenodo	biologists	Andrade, Maria José Gomes De;Trovó, Marcelo;Rocha, Lamarck;Giulietti, Ana Maria			
