taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E10867FFBBFF9E348BB016FA33E65B.taxon	discussion	Chrysopinae comprises six extant genera and 24 species in Pakistan: Apertochrysa (8 spp.), Chrysopa (6 spp.), Chrysoperla (3 spp.), Italochrysa (3 spp.), Suarius (3 spp.), and Tumeochrysa (1 sp.).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFBAFF9E348BB4E4FA33E3A9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Italochrysa can be generally recognized by their larger and robust bodies (forewing length: 19.5 – 24.0 mm) and brownish bodies with yellow markings. It can be distinguished by the quadrangular intramedian cell in the forewing (Figs 1 C, 4) and the male genitalia with one pair of long parameres (Fig. 7 F). Although Italochrysa is closely related to Evanochrysa Brooks & Barnard, 1990 in having a quadrangular intramedian cell, it can be distinguished by the presence of parameres in male genitalia and the absence of pregenitale in female genitalia.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFBAFF9E348BB4E4FA33E3A9.taxon	discussion	Notes Italochrysa currently includes nine species in India (see Brooks & Barnard 1990; Ghosh 2000) and three species in Pakistan: I. lefroyi (Needham), I. aequalis (Walker), and I. everetti (van der Weele). In this study, we revised the Pakistani Italochrysa species based on new materials and the paratype photographs of I. lefroyi from the Cornell University Insect Collection (CUIC). However, the identity of Italochrysa species in the subcontinent has remained obscure and it may include more unknown species in the region. Thus, the recent finding of I. aequalis and I. everetti from Pakistan is of great interest. This genus was not listed in the former catalogue from Pakistan (Hassan et al. 2019).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFBAFF92348BB038FAB3E2B2.taxon	description	(Figs 5 – 7, 53)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFBAFF92348BB038FAB3E2B2.taxon	description	Redescription Measurements (2 ♂, 4 ♀). Forewing: length ♂ 19.5 – 20.0 mm, ♀ 19.5 – 20.7 mm, width ♂ 5.5 mm, ♀ 5.7 – 6.0 mm; hindwing: length ♂ 19.0 mm, ♀ 17.2 – 18.2 mm, width ♂ 5.0 mm, ♀ 5.0 – 5.5 mm; body length: ♂ 11.6 mm, ♀ 10.0 – 11.0 mm. Head (Figs 6 A – C). Vertex moderately raised, unmarked, proximal 1 / 2 brownish orange, distal 1 / 2 pale yellow, rounded in frontal view. Postorbital sclerite unmarked. Frons yellow, with distinct epistomal suture. Clypeus yellow, with short yellow setae. Labrum brownish yellow, with short yellow setae. Genae yellow, unmarked. Maxillary and labial palpi brownish yellow, with short yellow setae. Antennae shorter than forewing length; scape unmarked, orange, slightly longer than width; pedicel unmarked, orange; flagellum dark brown, each flagellomere with five rings, with short dark brown setae. Thorax (Figs 6 C – D). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.90 – 1.00 mm, width 1.60 – 2.00 mm), reddish brown with light yellow markings, proximally concave-shaped in dorsal view. Mesonotum dark brown with median yellow stripe; prescutum yellow, narrowly dark stripe around margins; mesoscutum yellow, laterally dark brown with a narrow yellow spot at wing base; metascutellum yellow, proximal 1 / 4 with dark brown stripe. Metanotum dark brown, medially with pale yellow stripe. Pleurite yellow, with dark brown stripes, covered with short yellow setae (Fig. 6 F). Legs (Fig. 6 F). Pale yellow, except femora with a median dark spot, covered with short pale yellow setae. Foreleg: Coxae and trochanter dark brown; femur with a narrow dark spot at extreme base, and subdistally with a larger dark spot; tibia pale yellow, anterolaterally at proximal 2 / 3 with a narrow dark spot; tarsomeres brownish. Mid leg: Coxae and trochanter dark brown, slightly pale yellow at apex; femur pale yellow, subdistally with a larger dark spot; tibia pale yellow, anterolaterally at proximal 1 / 3 with brownish spot; tarsomeres brownish. Hind leg: Coxae dark brown, slightly pale yellow at apex; trochanter dark brown; femur with a large median dark brown spot; tibia pale yellow; tarsomeres brownish. Pretarsal claws with basal dilation, arcuated laterally (Fig. 6 E). Wings (Figs 5 A – B). Veins brownish yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4 – 12). Subcostal area with seven to nine crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale brown. 18 – 20 radial cells (r cell). Six Banksian cells (b cell); six lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m 1) oblique, meets after middle of im cell. Median arculus (m-cu 2), Pseudomedia (Psm), and pseudocubitus (Psc) brownish yellow. Two series of gradates, both meeting psm; 11 inner gradates (ig) and 11 – 12 outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) quadrate (length 0.90 – 2.00 mm). Second median cell (m 2) is slightly longer than third median cell (m 3). Three intracubital cells (two closed); first (icu 1) is longer than second (icu 2). Hindwing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends. Subcostal area with eight crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale brown. 17 radial cells (r cell). Six Banksian cells (b cell); six lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Pseudomedia (Psm) and pseudocubitus (Psc) brownish yellow. Two series of gradates; nine inner gradates and nine outer gradates. Abdomen (Figs 6 C – D, F). Tergum and sternum dark brown, covered with short yellow setae. Tergum and sternum of each pregenital segment distally with a narrow yellow stripe. Male genitalia (Figs 7 A – B, E – I). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct reniform in lateral view, covered with brownish setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T 9 + ectoproct transverse, pointed at apex; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S 8 + 9 straight. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 39 trichobothria. S 8 + 9 fused, without suture, quadrate in lateral view, distally with a dark protrusion of penguin-shaped; S 8 + 9 shorter than T 9 + ectoproct in lateral view. Gonarcus (gon) short and broad, with lateral projections. A pair of long horn-shaped parameres (pa), distal portion slightly diverged and pointed. Arcessus (arc) quadrate. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped. Comes (c) slender in dorsal view. Female genitalia (Figs 7 C – D, J). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct rounded in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S 7) trapezoidal in lateral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 60 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) quadrate, bilobed distally, distinctly visible in lateral view. Spermatheca (sm) narrow, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with distinct median rounded invagination (inv).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFB2FF95348BB333FE93E140.taxon	description	(Figs 4, 8 – 10, 53)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFB2FF95348BB333FE93E140.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Nothochrysa evanescens was originally described from Malaysia by McLachlan (1869). Later, van der Weele (1909) described three subspecies: Nothochrysa evanescens javanica, N. evanescens everetti, and N. evanescens ludekingi. Among them, N. evanescens javanica and N. evanescens evanescens were transferred to Evanochrysa by Brooks & Barnard (1990), while N. evanescens everetti, and N. evanescens ludekingi were considered as independent species in Italochrysa. The photograph provided by van der Weele (1909: fig. 32) for Italochrysa everetti is almost identical to our examined specimen from Pakistan, particularly the third intracubital cell (icu 3) distally with distinct brownish spot (Fig. 4). Therefore, we followed van der Weele (1909) and identified I. everetti based on a newly collected male specimen.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFB2FF95348BB333FE93E140.taxon	description	Redescription Measurements (♂ n = 1). Forewing: length 24.0 mm, width 6.5 mm; hindwing: length 21.0 mm, width 6.0 mm; body length 14.0 mm. Head (Figs 9 A – B). Vertex moderately raised, unmarked, brownish yellow, medially with an inverted V-shaped suture, rounded in frontal view. Postorbital sclerite brownish yellow, unmarked. Frons pale yellow, brownish yellow around base of antennal toruli; epistomal suture with an inverted V-shaped; covered with short yellow setae. Clypeus yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Labrum brownish yellow, with short yellow setae. Genae yellow. Maxillary and labial palpi brownish yellow, with short yellow setae. Antennae shorter than forewing length; scape and pedicel orange, covered with short yellow setae; flagellum dark brown, each flagellomere with five rings, with short black setae. Thorax (Fig. 9 C). Pronotum wider than long (length 1.10 mm, width 2.00 mm), brownish yellow, with a broad median yellow stripe, covered with short black and yellow setae. Meso- and metanotum brownish yellow at lateral margins, except with a broad median yellow stripe, covered with dark brown setae. Pleurite brownish with yellow markings, covered with short pale setae (Fig. 9 E). Legs (Fig. 9 E). Pale yellow, femora light brownish, covered with short dark brown setae. Pretarsal claws with distinct basal dilation, arcuated in lateral view (Fig. 9 F). Wings (Fig. 4). Veins pale yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Subostal veinlets brownish yellow. Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4 – 14). Subcostal area with seven crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma brownish. 20 radial cells (r cell). Six Banksian cells (b cell); eight lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m 1) oblique, meets after middle of im cell. Median arculus (m-cu 2), Pseudomedia (Psm), and pseudocubitus (Psc) pale yellow. Two series of gradates; both meeting psm; 11 inner gradates (ig) and outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) quadrate. Second median cell (m 2) slightly longer than third (m 3) median cells. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first (icu 1) longer than second (icu 2); third intracubital cell (icu 3) distally with distinct brownish spot. Hindwing: Costal area narrow. Veins pale yellow. Radial branches brownish yellow. Subcostal area with eight crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma brownish. 17 radial cells (r cell). Six Banksian cells (b cell); eight lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Pseudomedia (Psm) and pseudocubitus (Psc) pale yellow. Two series of gradates; nine inner gradates and 10 outer gradates. Abdomen (Figs 9 C – E). Tergum brownish, covered with short pale yellow setae. Sternum dark brown, covered with short pale yellow setae. Male genitalia (Figs 10 A – G). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct reniform in lateral view, covered with brownish setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T 9 + ectoproct transverse, forked at apex; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S 8 + 9 straight. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 55 trichobothria. S 8 + 9 fused, without suture, quadrate in lateral view; S 8 + 9 shorter than T 9 + ectoproct in lateral view. Gonarcus (gon) short and broad, with distinct broader V-shaped plates. A pair of parameres (pa), narrow and straight, slightly curved at proximal margin, pointed distally. Arcessus (arc) short, broader, digitiform distally. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped. Comes (c) slender in dorsal view.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFB1FF95348BB21EFCD2E2AB.taxon	description	(Figs 11, 53)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFB1FF95348BB21EFCD2E2AB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Italochrysa lefroyi (Fig. 11) is hitherto only known from India and Pakistan (Needham 1909). Ghosh & Sen (1977), Brooks & Barnard (1990), and Ghosh (1990, 2000) listed a record of this species from India. Its Pakistani record is missing in Hassan et al. (2019). Taxonomically this species is remarkably similar to I. aequalis and the only differences between these two species are in the coloration of legs (a character too weak to sustain the species): wholly yellowish brown in I. lefroyi (Fig. 11 A), but unfortunately, the mid and hind legs are missing in the paratypes of I. lefroyi for comparison with I. aequalis, in which dark bands are present on each femur. However, this difference may be of individual variation. Thus, the taxonomic status of this species should be clarified either based on type specimen or newly collected materials from the type localities in Pakistan or India.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFB1FF95348BB21EFCD2E2AB.taxon	distribution	Distribution	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFB1FF95348BB21EFCD2E2AB.taxon	materials_examined	Pakistan. Punjab (Faisalabad), –– India (Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya, Punjab) (Needham 1909; Ghosh & Sen 1977; Brooks & Barnard 1990; Ghosh 1990, 2000; Oswald 2022).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFACFF88348BB2E9FE43E24C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes The genus Tumeochrysa can be differentiated among the chrysopid genera in Pakistan by larger body size (forewing length 19 – 24 mm), head unmarked, scape distinctly enlarged and the presence of three gradated series in both fore- and hindwings. It currently includes 14 extant described species, being restricted to the highlands of India and Nepal, and the southwestern and eastern parts of China: nine species in southwestern parts of China, two species in India, and three species in Nepal. Unfortunately, both the Indian Tumeochrysa species are poorly described in the original or subsequent literatures: T. indica Needham, 1909, and T. cirerai (Navás, 1930) were originally described based on male specimens, and thereafter no further details are available, except the illustration of female genitalia for T. indica by Ghosh (1991).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFACFF8F348BB01DFC97E359.taxon	description	(Figs 12 – 14, 54)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFACFF8F348BB01DFC97E359.taxon	description	Redescription Measurements (♂ n = 1?, ♀ n = 1). Forewing: length ♀ 24.0 mm, width 5.7 mm; hindwing: length ♀ 21.5 mm, width 5.1 mm; body length: ♂ 12.0 mm, ♀ 11.8 mm. Head (Figs 13 A – H). Vertex yellow, unmarked. Postorbital sclerite yellow, unmarked. Frons, clypeus, genae, and labrum yellow, unmarked. Maxillary and labial palpi yellow, covered with short black setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennae shorter than forewing (length 13.7 – 16.9 mm), yellow, unmarked, covered with short black setae. Scape yellow, more prominent and narrowly separated in males. Thorax (Fig. 13 E). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length ♂ 0.90 mm, ♀ 0.94 mm, width ♂ 1.56 mm, ♀ 1.66 mm), yellow, with an indistinct brownish spot laterally, covered with short dark brown setae (Fig. 13 G). Meso- and metanotum yellow, sparsely covered with short dark brown setae. Legs (Figs 13 A, D). Pale yellow, unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws with distinct basal dilation, quadrate at base (Fig. 13 I). Wings (Fig. 12). Veins pale green, covered with short brownish setae. Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4 – 16). Subcostal area with seven crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma white. 20 radial cells (r cell); a few radial crossveins at subdistal margin oblique. Three Banksian cells (b cell); nine lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m 1) oblique, meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Three series of gradates, outer gradates meet psm; 18 inner gradates (ig), 10 middle gradates (md) and 12 outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second (m 2) and third (m 3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu 2); first (icu 1), second (icu 2) and third (icu 3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Veins pale green. Costal area narrow. Subcostal area with seven crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma white. 19 radial cells (r cell); radial branches oblique. Three Banksian cells (b cell); eight lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Three series of gradates, outer gradates meet psm; 15 inner gradates, seven middle gradates (md) and nine outer gradates. Abdomen (Figs 13 D – E). Tergum pale yellow, with lateral margins narrowly dark brown stripes, covered with short brown setae. Sternum pale yellow, covered with short brown setae. Female genitalia (Figs 14 A – E). Tergum 8 (T 8) subtrapezoidal in lateral view. T 9 + ect quadrate in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S 7) quadrate in ventral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 36 – 39 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) broad, quadrate, bilobed distally, heavily sclerotized. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in lateral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFABFF8E348BB009FA33E30C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The genus Apertochrysa can be distinguished from other chrysopid genera in Pakistan by the following characters: antennal scape with lateral markings present (occasionally absent); forewing with elongated fifth and six cells beneath Rs (Figs 3 C – D); basal inner gradates in both fore- and hindwing not arise from pseudomedia (Psm); outer gradate always arise from pseudomedia (Figs 17 A – B); tibial spurs ratio in each legs are 0 - 1 - 1 (Figs 3 H – J); legs with basal dilation of pretarsal claw present (occasionally absent); sternum 8 and 9 fused, rounded posteriorly (Fig. 19 A); male genitalia with or without tignum, but the entoprocessus and gonapsis are always present (Figs 19 C, E); gonapsis with distinctive shapes (see Breitkreuz et al. 2021 a), and a pair of lateral wings, which are connected to a single anteriorly-directed rod; female with variable shapes, wider than long (Fig. 19 M) or longer than wide (Fig. 23 F).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFABFF8E348BB009FA33E30C.taxon	discussion	Notes The genus Apertochrysa currently includes 183 species worldwide and is one of the largest genera within the family (Duelli et al. 2017; Breitkreuz et al. 2021 a). The taxonomic history of this genus is presented by Dong et al. (2004), Duelli et al. (2017), and Breitkreuz et al. (2021 a). Here we record eight species of Apertochrysa from Pakistan. Among them, five species could not be identified to species, and the other two species are newly transferred to this genus. Among the undetermined female Apertochrysa species, A. sp. 2 has the subgenitale wider than long, while it is longer than wide in A. sp. 4 and A. sp. 5. All of these species, which are solely described based on females, require additional specimens to investigate the male genitalia; however, at present, these species differ in body coloration and shape of pretarsal claws. The known ranges of all these species is in in the northern portion of the country.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFAAFF8D348BB1DAFF4FE4FC.taxon	description	(Fig. 55)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFAAFF8D348BB1DAFF4FE4FC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Apertochrysa murreensis is hitherto only known from Pakistan. This species is closely related to Apertochrysa sp. 2 in having similar dark brown markings on genae and lateral margins of clypeus, as well as the pretarsal claws with basal dilation, and the male genitalia with arc-shaped tignum. However, it can be differentiated by the following characters: head with a distinct dark spot at bases of antennae; genae and clypeus with lateral dark stripes; thorax with a median longitudinal yellow stripe, lateral margins slightly brownish; and male genitalia with rounded gonapsis in dorsal view, which is somewhat wider at middle, lateral wings and median stem narrow, slender and almost equal in length. No additional specimens were added in this study.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFAAFF8D348BB1DAFF4FE4FC.taxon	distribution	Distribution	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFAAFF8D348BB1DAFF4FE4FC.taxon	materials_examined	Pakistan. Punjab (Rawalpindi, Murree), –– India (Uttar Pradesh) (Tjeder 1963; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2022).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA9FF8D348BB68DFA8BE123.taxon	description	(Fig. 55)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA9FF8D348BB68DFA8BE123.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Apertochrysa vartianorum Hölzel (1973), originally described as Anisochrysa vartianorum from Pakistan, which was later transferred into Mallada by Brooks & Barnard (1990). Based on the distinctive shape of male gonapsis (prasina group) with a narrow median plate consisting of distinct ventral scale-like projection, Mallada vartianorum is transferred into Apertochrysa. This species is only known based on a single male specimen from Pakistan. It is similar to Apertochrysa sp. 2 in male genitalia in having similar elongated and arcuated gonarcus, which is attached to entoprocessus (ent) at lateral margins, as well as prasina group type gonapsis and arcuated arcessus (arc) in lateral view. It can be distinguished by the lack of markings on the vertex and postorbital sclerite, feebly curved pretarsal claws, and the male genitalia with arched arcessus (arc) in lateral view. No additional specimens were added in this study.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA9FF8D348BB68DFA8BE123.taxon	materials_examined	Distribution Pakistan. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Swat, Madyan) (Hölzel 1973 a; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2022).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA9FF8D348BB3B0FE2CE207.taxon	description	(Fig. 55) Hemerobius venosa Rambur, [1838] 1837 – 1840: 9. Type locality: Spain (Andalucía: Granada).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA9FF8D348BB3B0FE2CE207.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Apertochrysa venosa has been reported from various localities in northern Pakistan (Hölzel 1967, 2002; Ari et al. 2007), whereas the remaining congeners are only known from their type localities. It is distinctive among its congeners in Pakistan by the following characters: genae with lateral dark spots; clypeus laterally with dark brown stripe; frons with a transverse dark brown stripe below antennal toruli; scape marked dorsally; vertex with six dark brown spots, two crescentic above antennae, two parallel at medially, and two rounded at posterolateral margins (Dobosz et al. 2016: figs 2 – 3). No additional specimens were added in this study.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA9FF8D348BB3B0FE2CE207.taxon	distribution	Distribution	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA9FF8D348BB3B0FE2CE207.taxon	materials_examined	Pakistan. Gilgit-Baltistan (Gilgit, Nagar, Hunza), Punjab (Attock, Pindigheb), –– Russia, Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Middle East to Mongolia (Hölzel 1967, 2002; Ari et al. 2007; Dobosz et al. 2016; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2022).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA8FF8C348BB7E4FC65E0CC.taxon	description	(Figs 15 – 16, 55)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA8FF8C348BB7E4FC65E0CC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Apertochrysa sp. 1 is unique among the congeners in Pakistan by the following characters: body green, unmarked; scape and pedicel yellow, unmarked; vertex with distinct red markings on the postorbital sclerite in dorsal view; male gonapsis (alcestes group) with a pair of broad lateral wings and a long and slender central stem.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA8FF8C348BB7E4FC65E0CC.taxon	description	Description Measurement (♂ n = 1). Forewing: length 10.5 mm, width 3.6 mm; hindwing (damaged); body length: 6.2 mm. Head (Figs 15 B – C). Vertex moderately raised, yellow, unmarked. Postorbital sclerite with a pink spot in dorsal view. Frons unmarked. Clypeus with lateral brownish stripes. Interantennal marking absent. Labrum with short yellow setae. Genae with a broad median transverse reddish stripe. Maxillary and labial palpi pale yellow, terminal labial palpi dark brown, covered with short yellow setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennae shorter than forewing, brownish yellow, unmarked, covered with short black setae. Thorax (Fig. 15 E). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.67 mm, width 0.77 mm), unmarked, covered with long yellow setae. Meso- and metanotum sparsely covered with short yellow setae. Legs (Fig. 15 F). Pale unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws with basal dilation 1 / 2 length of hook of claw (Fig. 15 D). Wings (Fig. 15 A). Veins brownish, cross veins with a median yellow band, covered with short brownish setae. Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (3 – 10). Subcostal area with three crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma indistinct. Nine radial cells (r cell). Three Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) straight, meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Two series of gradates, inner gradates not meeting psm; dark brown; four inner gradates (ig) and five outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second (m 2) and third (m 3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu 2); first (icu 1), second (icu 2) and third (icu 3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Veins pale brown; cross veins with a median yellow band. Abdomen (Figs 15 E – F). Tergum and sternum covered with short yellow setae. Male genitalia (Figs 16 A – H). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrated in lateral view. T 9 + ectoprocts quadrate in lateral view, covered with pale yellow setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T 9 + ectoproct arcuated, not extending beyond callus cercus; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S 9 straight. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 27 trichobothria. S 8 + 9 fused, rounded at apex. Tignum (ti) arcuated; acumen (ac) small, without setae. Gonapsis (gps) with a butterfly-shaped, median plate consisting of long ventral scale-like projection. Gonarcus (gon) arcuated with a pair of short entoprocessus (ent) at lateral margins. Arcessus (arc) small, rounded in ventral view. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped in dorsal view. Vela (vel) as long as hypandrium internum, conical in ventral view.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA8FF85348BB193FB00E410.taxon	description	(Figs 17 – 19, 55)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA8FF85348BB193FB00E410.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Apertochrysa sp. 2 is similar to A. vartianorum in having prasina group type male gonapsis, with a narrow median plate consisting of distinct ventral scale-like projection, interantennal marking present, and the absence of basal dilation in pretarsal claws, but it can be distinguished by the distinctive red markings on frons, genae, vertex, and postorbital sclerite, and the undulating shape of tignum in male genitalia.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA8FF85348BB193FB00E410.taxon	description	Description Measurements (♂ n = 1, ♀ n = 1). Forewing: length 11.1 mm, width 4.3 mm; hindwing: length 10.2 mm, width 3.4 mm; body length: 7.1 mm. Head (Figs 18 A – C). Vertex moderately raised, with four red markings, two at proximal and two at distal margins. Postorbital sclerite with red spots at lateral margins in dorsal view. Frons unmarked. Interantennal marking red. Clypeus with lateral dark brown stripes. Labrum covered with short yellow setae. Genae with a broad median transverse dark brown spot. Maxillary and labial palpi pale yellow, except at proximal and distal margins narrowly dark brown, covered with short yellow setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennae shorter than forewing, brownish yellow; scape pale yellow, posterolaterally dark brown, covered with short yellow setae; pedicel and flagellum yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Thorax (Fig. 18 C). Pronotum wider than long (length 0.55 mm, width 0.95 mm), lateral margins broadly dark brown, covered with mixed pale and dark brown setae. Meso- and metanotum with lateral margins narrowly dark brown, sparsely covered with short yellow setae. Legs (Fig. 18 D). Pale unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws without basal dilation, quadrate at base (Fig. 18 E). Wings (Fig 17 A – B). Veins pale brown, covered with short brownish setae. Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (3 – 12). Subcostal area with five crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma indistinct. 10 radial cells (r cell). Three Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) straight, meets at distal margin of im cell. Two series of gradates, inner gradates not meeting psm; five inner gradates (ig) and six outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second (m 2) and third (m 3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu 2); first (icu 1), second (icu 2) and third (icu 3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Veins pale; crossveins brownish. Costal area narrow. Subcostal area with four crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma indistinct. Nine radial cells (r cell). Three Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates, inner gradates not meeting psm; four inner gradates and six outer gradates. Abdomen (Figs 18 C – D). Tergum with lateral margins dark brown, covered with yellow setae. Sternum with each pregenital segment distally with a narrow dark brown stripe, covered with yellow setae. Male genitalia (Figs 19 A – G). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrated in lateral view. T 9 + ectoprocts quadrate in lateral view, covered with short brown setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T 9 + ectoproct arcuated, not extending beyond callus cercus; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S 9 straight. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 35 – 38 trichobothria. S 8 + 9 fused, subtrapezoidal in lateral view. Tignum (ti) undulating, acumen longer than wide. Gonapsis (gps) with a narrow median plate consisting of distinct ventral scale-like projection. Lateral arms of gonarcus (gon) broad. A pair of entoprocessus (ent) attached at the lateral margins of gonarcus, slightly arc at lateral margins. Arcessus (arc) narrow, arcuate in lateral view. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped in dorsal view. Female genitalia (Figs 19 H – M). Tergum 8 (T 8) subtrapezoidal in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct rounded in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S 7) rectangular in lateral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 25 – 27 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) rounded, wider than long, bilobed at apex, heavily sclerotized, distinctly visible in lateral view. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with a distinct median rounded invagination (inv). Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA1FF84348BB5C1FD66E44C.taxon	description	(Figs 20, 55)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA1FF84348BB5C1FD66E44C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Apertochrysa sp. 3 can be distinguished by the presence of distinctive dark brown markings on frons and vertex, the absence of basal dilation of pretarsal claws, and the following prominent black crossveins in forewing: m-cu 2, crossveins of intracubital cell, proximal crossvein of im 2 cell, distal branches of A 1 and A 2 veins (Fig. 20 F).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA1FF84348BB5C1FD66E44C.taxon	description	Description Measurements (♀ n = 1). Forewing: length 14.5 mm, width 4.3 mm; hindwing: length 14.0 mm, width 4.3 mm; body length: 7.5 mm. Head (Figs 20 A – B, E). Vertex moderately raised, with a pair of median longitudinal dark brown stripes, lateral margins with two pairs of dark brown spots (Fig. 20 E). Postorbital sclerite unmarked. Frons with a narrow median rounded yellow spot. Clypeus with proximal and lateral margins dark brown. Antennal toruli yellow. Interantennal spot indistinct. Genae yellow, with a median dark brown stripe. Maxillary palpi brownish yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Labial palpi brownish yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Antennae pale yellow; scape dorsally with longitudinal dark brown stripe; pedicel brownish, covered with short pale setae. Thorax (Fig. 20 E). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.62 mm, width 1.09 mm), with dark brown markings, covered with short black setae. Meso- and metanotum with dispersing brownish markings at sublateral margins, sparsely covered with dark brown setae. Legs (Fig. 20 C). Pale unmarked, covered with short black setae. Pretarsal claws without basal dilation, quadrate at base (Fig. 20 D). Wings (Fig. 20 C). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4 – 10). Longitudinal veins pale. Subostal veinlets (cv) dark brown. Subcostal area with basal subcostal crossvein (bsx) dark brown, proximal four crossveins below pterostigma brownish yellow. Pterostigma pale. Branches of anal vein dark brown, proximally pale yellow. 10 radial cells; radial crossveins straight, dark brown. Branches of Rs pale yellow, proximal 1 / 3 dark brown; proximal three to four branches and marginal forks dark brown. Three Banksian cells (b cell), four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates; six inner gradates (ig); six outer (og) gradates; dark brown. Third intracubital cell (icu 3) without dark spot. Basal crossvein between Rs and M (rm 1) meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Median arculus (m-cu 2) dark brown. Pseudomedia (Psm) pale yellow, branches dark brown. Pseudocubitus (Psc) pale yellow, branches dark brown with a median yellow band. Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second median cell (m 2) slightly shorter than third median cell (m 3). First intracubital cell (icu 1) slightly shorter than second intracubital cell (icu 2). Hindwing: Costal area narrow. Longitudinal veins pale. Subostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with four brownish crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale. Three b cells (including the small basal cell); four b’ cells. Nine radial cells; radial crossveins black, except median yellow streaks. Branches of Rs pale yellow, proximal 1 / 3 dark brown. Two series of gradates; four inner gradates; five outer gradates; dark brown. Pseudomedia (Psm) pale yellow, branches dark brown with a median yellow band. Pseudocubitus (Psc) pale yellow, branches pale yellow, but proximally dark brown. Anal veins pale yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 20 C). Tergum dark brown, each pregenital segment distally with a narrow yellow stripe. Sternum brownish yellow, covered with short yellow setae.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA0FFBB348BB519FF64E7A0.taxon	description	(Figs 21 – 23, 55)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA0FFBB348BB519FF64E7A0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Apertochrysa sp. 4 is almost identical to Apertochrysa sp. 5 in external body characters and the shape of female genitalia (males unknown). However, it can be distinguished by the long dark brown setae on pronotum (Fig. 22 D) and the feebly curved pretarsal claws (Fig. 22 C), while in Apertochrysa sp. 5, the pronotum is covered with pale yellow setae and pretarsal claws are distinctly curved (Figs 25 C, E).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFA0FFBB348BB519FF64E7A0.taxon	description	Description Measurements (♀ n = 1). Forewing: length 11.0 mm, width 3.5 mm; hindwing: length 10.0 mm, width 3.0 mm; body length: 7.8 mm. Head (Figs 22 A – B, D). Vertex moderately raised, with four dark pink spots in dorsal view. Frons with a crescentic pink stripe above tentorial pits. Interantennal marking dark pink. Clypeus with lateral dark pink stripes. Labrum with lateral dark stripes. Genae with a broad median transverse dark brown spot. Maxillary palpi dark brown, pale yellow at both ends, covered with short yellow setae. Labial palpi pale yellow, terminal segment with a median dark brown spot, pointed at apex, covered with short yellow setae. Antennae shorter than forewing, pale yellow, unmarked; scape laterally with a narrow longitudinal dark pink stripe; pedicel dark pink stripe on subdistal margin; covered with short pale setae. Thorax (Fig. 22 D). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.58 mm, width 0.92 mm), sublateral margins with a dark pink stripe, anterolaterally at proximal 1 / 3 with a dark brown spot, covered with black setae; lateral margins with two dark brown spots, one at proximal and second at distal margin in lateral view; covered with yellow setae. Mesonotum with sublateral margins with a narrow dark pink stripe, anterior- and posterolateral margins with a dark brown spot; prescutum with lateral margins dark brown, sparsely covered with yellow setae; mesoscutum sublaterally with a narrow dark pink spot. Metanotum sublaterally with a narrow dark pink stripe; metascutum posterolaterally with dark spots. Legs (Fig. 22 E). Pale unmarked, covered with short pale setae. Pretarsal claws simple, quadrate at base (Fig. 22 C). Wings (Fig. 21). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (5 – 9). Longitudinal veins pale. Subcostal veinlets (cv) dark brown, except 2 – 12 veinlets with a median yellow band. Subcostal area with a dark basal subcostal crossvein (bsx), while crossveins below pterostigma brownish yellow. Pterostigma slightly pale. 11 radial cells; radial crossveins straight, dark, except proximal five veinlets with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale, proximal third and fourth branches, and marginal forks dark brown. 10 radial cells; four Banksian cells (b cell), four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates, dark brown; four inner gradates (ig) and six outer (og) gradates. Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Median arculus (m-cu 2) dark brown. Pseudomedia (Psm) pale yellow, branches dark brown. Pseudocubitus (Psc) pale yellow, branches dark branches with a median yellow band. Anal veins pale yellow, distal branches dark brown. Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second median cell (m 2) slightly shorter than third median cell (m 3). Three intracubital cells (two closed); first intracubital cell (icu 1) slightly shorter than second intracubital cell (icu 2). Third intracubital cell (icu 3) with an indistinct dark spot at proximal margin. Hindwing: Costal area narrow. Longitudinal veins pale. Subcostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with three brownish crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma slightly pale. Four b cells (including the small basal cell); four b’ cells. Nine radial cells; radial crossveins dark, except proximal third and fourth veinlets with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale, except proximal margin, and the first crossvein dark brown; second to fourth proximal crossveins with a median yellow band. Two series of gradates; three inner gradates; five outer gradates; dark brown. Radial crossveins dark brown, proximal two veinlets with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale, proximally dark brown. Psm, Psc, cubital and anal veins pale. Pseudomedia (Psm) pale yellow, branches dark brown with a median yellow band. Pseudocubitus (Psc) and branches pale yellow, except proximal margin dark brown. Anal veins pale yellow. Abdomen (Figs 22 D – E). Tergum pale yellow, dark pink stripes at lateral margins, covered with short yellow setae. Sternum pale yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Female genitalia (Figs 23 A – F). Tergum 8 (T 8) (T 8) subtrapezoidal in lateral view. Tergite 9 + ectoproct (T 9 + e) quadrate in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S 7) quadrate in ventral view. Callus cerci (cc) oval, with ~ 27 short trichobothria. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) rounded in lateral view. Subgenitale (sg) long, bilobed distally. Spermatheca (sm) small, doughnut-shaped, with a distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in ventral view. Spermathecal velum (vel) elongated, bilobed distally in ventral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF9FFFBF348BB071FBCBE748.taxon	description	(Figs 24 – 26, 55)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF9FFFBF348BB071FBCBE748.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Apertochrysa sp. 5 is almost identical with Apertochrysa sp. 4 in external body characters and the shape of female genitalia (males unknown). However, it differs from Apertochrysa sp. 4 by the pale yellow setae on pronotum (Fig. 25 C) and the distinctly curved pretarsal claws, which is cylindrical at base (Fig. 25 E).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF9FFFBF348BB071FBCBE748.taxon	description	Description Measurements (♀ n = 3). Forewing: length 11.0 – 12.2 mm, width 3.5 – 4.0 mm; hindwing: length 10.0 – 11.0 mm, width 3.0 – 3.4 mm; body length: 6.0 – 8.4 mm. Head (Figs 25 A – B). Markings are same as in Apertochrysa sp. 4. Thorax (Fig. 25 C). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length = 0.58 mm, width = 0.92 mm). Thoracic markings similar to Apertochrysa sp. 4. Legs (Fig. 25 D). Pale unmarked. Pretarsal claws simple, without basal dilation, cylindrical at base (Fig. 25 E). Wings (Fig. 24). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (5 – 11). Longitudinal veins pale. Subcostal veinlets (cv) dark brown, proximal 3 – 9 veinlets with a median pale yellow band (dark brown in some individuals). Subcostal area with dark basal subcostal crossvein (bsx). Pterostigma pale. 9 – 10 radial cells; radial crossveins straight, dark brown with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale yellow, proximal 3 – 4 branches, and marginal forks dark brown; four Banksian cells (b cell), four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates; four inner gradates (ig); six outer (og) gradates; dark brown. Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Median arculus (m-cu 2) dark. Pseudomedia (Psm) pale yellow, branches dark with a median yellow band, distal branches dark brown. Pseudocubitus vein (Psc) pale, with dark branches. Anal veins with proximal 1 / 2 pale yellow, distal branches dark brown. Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second median cell (m 2) slightly shorter than third median cell (m 3). First intracubital cell (icu 1) slightly shorter than second intracubital cell (icu 2). Third intracubital cell (icu 3) with an indistinct dark spot at proximal margin. Hindwing: Costal area narrow. Longitudinal veins pale. Subcostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with three brownish crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale. Four b cells (including the small basal cell); four b’ cells. Nine radial cells; radial crossveins dark, except proximal 2 – 4 veinlets with a median yellow band. Branches of Rs pale. Two series of gradates; two inner gradates; five outer gradates; dark brown. Psm, Psc, cubital and anal veins pale. Pseudomedia (Psm) pale yellow, branches dark brown with a median yellow band. Pseudocubitus (Psc) and branches pale yellow, proximally dark brown. Anal veins pale yellow. Abdomen and the female genitalia are similar to Apertochrysa sp. 4 (Figs 26 A – F).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF9AFFBE348BB2D3FDB5E2FC.taxon	description	(Fig. 56)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF9AFFBE348BB2D3FDB5E2FC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes This species is rather closely related to Chrysopa sogdianica by similar male and female genitalia (C. astarte: Hölzel 1967: figs 2 – 8; C. sogdianica: Hölzel 1966: figs 1 – 6) and lack of basal dilation of pretarsal claws, but it differs from C. sogdianica by the absence of dark markings on scape and occiput, and the presence of im cell in forewing. This Palaearctic species was originally described from Afghanistan (Paghman), Iran (Tehran), and Pakistan (Quetta) (Hölzel 1967). No additional specimens were added in this study.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF9AFFBE348BB2D3FDB5E2FC.taxon	distribution	Distribution	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF9AFFBE348BB2D3FDB5E2FC.taxon	materials_examined	Pakistan. Balochistan (Quetta), –– Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey (Hölzel 1967; Aspöck et al. 2001; Ari et al. 2007; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2022).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF9AFFBE348BB7E4FA33E00A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Chrysopa can be distinguished from the other Chrysopini genera in Pakistan by their distinctive head and thoracic markings, the shape of ovate im cell in forewing (occasionally absent), the pretarsal claws with or without basal dilation, and the male and female genital characters. The male adults are also distinguished by lack of gonapsis and tignum; pseudopenis hook-like, tapered apically; entoprocessus with dorsal horns; gonarcus arcuated in dorsal view, with a pair of lateral projections and a pair of median subtriangular projection; two pockets of long gonosetae (gst) in lateral margins of gonarcus; dorsal apodeme of ectoprocts curved upward; ventral apodeme of sternite 9 protruding distally; sternite 8 and 9 not fused; distal margin of sternite 9 with gonosetae. The female adults are distinguished by lack of pregenitale, and the presence of subgenitale, which is bilobed distally in ventral view.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF9AFFBE348BB7E4FA33E00A.taxon	discussion	Notes The genus Chrysopa currently includes six species in Pakistan: C. astarte Hölzel, C. cymbele Banks, C. dubitans McLachlan, C. formosa Brauer, C. pallens (Rambur), and C. sogdianica McLachlan, which are either listed in published catalogues (Ari et al. 2007; Hassan et al. 2019) or the Lacewing Digital Library (Oswald 2022). In the present study, we re-described three species: C. dubitans, C. formosa, and C. pallens, based on new materials from the northern areas of Pakistan.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF99FFBD348BB7E4FF4FE619.taxon	description	(Fig. 56)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF99FFBD348BB7E4FF4FE619.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Based on comparison with the holotype of Chrysopa cymbele Banks, Nasir (1947) furthermore described two varieties based on the presence or absence of distinct bands along the epistomal suture and lateral margins of clypeus, viz., Chrysopa cymbele var. afasciata Nasir (without band: fig. 3) and Chrysopa cymbele var. fasciata Nasir (band only limited to the lateral margins of clypeus: fig. 4), now both are synonyms of Chrysopa cymbele Banks. We excluded this species in the present key, as it is hard to differentiate C. cymbele based on the original descriptions. Neither Banks (1933) nor Nasir (1947) provided any information about the utmost important characters of the male genitalia or any information about the pretarsal claws for the species delimitation. No additional specimens were added in this study.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF99FFBD348BB7E4FF4FE619.taxon	distribution	Distribution	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF99FFBD348BB7E4FF4FE619.taxon	materials_examined	Pakistan. Punjab (Faisalabad), –– India (Tamil Nadu) (Banks 1933; Nasir 1947; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2022).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF99FFB2348BB4FCFE27E4FC.taxon	description	(Figs 27 – 29, 56)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF99FFB2348BB4FCFE27E4FC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Chrysopa dubitans is similar to C. formosa by the similar dark marking on frons and vertex, but it can be distinguished by pale green subcostal veinlets in forewing and the male sternum 9 (S 9) with two pairs of large gonocristae (gcr) at lateral margins, consisting of small and large teeth (Tjeder 1936: plate XIV A – L).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF99FFB2348BB4FCFE27E4FC.taxon	description	Redescription Measurements (♂ n = 7, ♀ n = 5). Forewing: length ♂ 10.7 – 13.0 mm, ♀ 12.0 – 14.5 mm, width ♂ 4.0 – 5.1 mm, ♀ 4.6 – 5.7 mm; hindwing: length ♂ 10.0 – 12.5 mm, ♀ 11.0 – 13.0 mm, width ♂ 3.4 – 4.2 mm, ♀ 4.0 – 4.9 mm; body length: ♂ 7.2 – 8.6 mm, ♀ 7.5 – 8.5 mm. Head (Figs 28 A – B, D). Vertex moderately raised, with two dark spots at proximal 1 / 2, rounded in frontal view. Postorbital sclerite unmarked. Frons yellow, with a transverse dark spot around the base of antennal toruli, and medially with a dark spot below interantennal marking. Clypeus yellow, distally with a few long yellow setae. Labrum yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Genae yellow, with a dark spot. Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown, yellow at proximal 1 / 2, terminal segment wholly brownish yellow, covered with short dark brown setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennal yellow, unmarked, covered with short pale yellow setae; scape yellow, unmarked; pedicel yellow, distally dark brown; flagellum yellow. Thorax (Figs 28 D – E). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.47 – 0.68 mm, width 0.93 – 1.03 mm), yellow, covered with short dark brown setae, laterally with mixed short black and yellow setae. Meso- and metanotum yellow, sparsely covered with short pale yellow setae. Legs (Fig. 28 E). Pale yellow, unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws with distinct basal dilation, less than 1 / 3 of the length of claws hook, quadrate at base (Fig. 28 C). Wings (Figs 27 A – B). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4 – 13). Subcostal area with three to four crossveins below pterostigma; basal subcostal crossvein (bsx) dark brown. Longitudinal veins pale green except subcostal veinlets narrowly dark brown at extreme base, distal branches of anal veins dark brown (pale green in some specimens), crossveins of intramedian and intracubital cells dark brown (pale in some specimens). Pterostigma pale brown. 11 – 14 radial cells (r cell); radial crossveins proximally dark brown. Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m 1) oblique, meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Two series of gradates, both meet psm; four to five inner gradates (ig) and seven to eight outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second (m 2) and third (m 3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu 2); first (icu 1), second (icu 2) and third (icu 3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Veins pale green. Costal area narrow, proximal 1 / 2 of subcostal veinlets 1 – 11 dark brown. Subcostal area with three crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale brown. 10 – 13 radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates, both meet psm; five inner gradates and six to seven outer gradates. Abdomen (Figs 28 D – E). Tergum pale green, covered with short yellow setae. Sternum pale green, covered with short yellow setae, except S 5 – 7 with dark brown setae. Male genitalia (Figs 29 A – F). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrated in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct rounded in lateral view, covered with brown setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on ectoproct arcuated, not extending beyond callus cercus; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S 9 straight. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 32 – 35 trichobothria. S 8 subtrapezoidal in lateral view; S 9 triangular, slightly longer than T 9 + ectoproct in lateral view; a pair of large gonocristae (gcr) at lateral margins of S 9, consisting of small and large teeth. Gonarcus (gon) broad, arcuated with lateral shorthorn. Entoprocessus (ent) small, with lateral dorsal shorthorns. Arcessus (arc) absent. Pseudopenis arcuated, pointed distally. Gonosetae (gst) in lateral pockets below gonarcus in lateral view. Tignum absent. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped with small and straight comes (c) in dorsal view. Female genitalia (Figs 29 G – K). Tergum 8 (T 8) subquadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct rounded in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S 7) quadrate in ventral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 35 – 37 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) broad, rounded, bilobed distally, heavily sclerotized, membrane above lobes with crescent-shaped. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in lateral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, double-coiled, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF96FFAB348BB431FDA6E7A0.taxon	description	(Figs 30 – 34, 56)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF96FFAB348BB431FDA6E7A0.taxon	description	Cintameva sobradielina Navás, [1933 a] 1932: 15. Type locality: Spain (Sobradiel).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF96FFAB348BB431FDA6E7A0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Chrysopa formosa is similar to C. dubitans in external body characters, but it can be distinguished by dark brown subcostal veinlets at proximal 2 / 3 in forewing, and the male genitalia with two pairs of gonocristae (gcr) at lateral margins of S 9 (the first pair is smaller, with only a few larger teeth, whereas the second pair is larger, containing both small and large teeth). Notes For this common species, we noticed that the markings on frons and vertex exhibit numerous variations in size and shape that are not consistent among individuals collected from the same locality: vertex with a pair of median dark spots or with a large red marking; interantennal marking faint or distinct; antennal scape either entirely dark brown or pale yellow, and marking on genae either linear or rounded (Monserrat & Pantaleoni 2020; fig. 5 C; Figs 30 D, 33 C, 34 B).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF96FFAB348BB431FDA6E7A0.taxon	description	Redescription Measurements (♂ n = 1, ♀ n = 2). Forewing: length ♂ 14.0 mm, ♀ 11.6 – 14.7 mm; width ♂ 5.1 mm, ♀ 4.2 – 5.4 mm; hindwing: length ♂ 12.5 mm, ♀ 10.6 – 13.0 mm; width ♂ 4.3 mm, ♀ 3.4 – 4.4 mm; body length: ♂ 9.6 mm, ♀ 7.6 – 9.4 mm. Head (Figs 30 B – D). Vertex moderately raised, with two dark spots (or with large red markings in some individuals), rounded in frontal view. Postorbital sclerite unmarked. Frons yellow (or with a large median dark band in some individuals), with a dark crescentic spot around the base of antennal toruli. Interantennal marking present. Clypeus yellow, lateral margins dark brown. Labrum yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Genae yellow, with a median transverse or round dark spot. Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown, pale yellow at both ends, terminal segment wholly brownish, covered with short dark brown setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennae shorter than forewing, yellow, unmarked, covered with short dark brown setae; scape yellow, unmarked, with short pale yellow setae; pedicel dark brown, distally pale yellow, with short yellow setae; flagellum pale yellow. Thorax (Figs 30 B – C). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.62 – 0.71 mm, width 0.95 – 1.11 mm), green, covered with pale yellow setae, lateral margins with mixed dark brown and pale yellow setae. Meso- and metanotum green, sparsely covered with short yellow setae. Legs (Fig. 30 B). Pale yellow, unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws with distinct basal dilation, less than 1 / 3 of the length of claws hook, quadrate at base (Fig. 30 E). Wings (Fig. 30 A). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4 – 12); proximal 1 / 2 of 2 – 11 subcostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with three crossveins below pterostigma; basal subcostal crossvein (bsx) dark brown. Pterostigma pale yellow. Longitudinal veins pale green except subcostal veinlets at dark brown at proximal 2 / 3 in forewing. 11 – 13 radial cells (r cell); radial crossveins proximally dark brown. Proximal two branches of Rs vein dark brown; proximal three branches of pseudomedia and pseudocubita narrowly dark brown. Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). The basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m 1) oblique, meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Two series of gradates, both meet psm; five inner gradates (ig) and seven outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate (length 0.72 – 0.95 mm, width 0.27 – 1.00 mm). Second (m 2) and third (m 3) median cells of similar size (length of median cells: m 2 = 1.13 – 1.50 mm; m 3 = 1.22 – 1.68 mm). Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu 2); first (icu 1), second (icu 2) and third (icu 3) intracubital cells of similar size (length of intracubital cells: icu 1 = 0.67 – 0.93 mm; icu 2 = 0.90 – 1.25 mm; icu 3 = 1.14 – 1.40 mm). Hindwing: Costal area narrow; proximal 1 / 2 of 2 – 13 subcostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with four crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale yellow. 10 – 11 radial cells (r cell). Five Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates, both meet psm; three inner gradates and six outer gradates. Abdomen (Figs 30 B – C). Tergum and sternum pale green, covered with short yellow setae, except S 5 – 7 with dark brown setae. Male genitalia (Figs 31 A – I). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrated in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct rounded dorsally, covered with brown setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T 9 + ectoproct arcuated, not extending beyond callus cercus; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S 8 + 9 straight, extended upward distally. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 30 – 35 trichobothria. S 8 quadrate in lateral view. S 9 rectangular, pointed upward at subdistal margin, slightly longer than ectoproct in lateral view; two pairs of gonocristae (gcr), one large and one small, each with small and large teeth. Gonarcus (gon) broad, dorsally rounded, lateral horns arcuated in ventral view. Entoprocessus (ent) small, with distinct lateral horns. Arcessus (arc) absent. Pseudopenis arcuated, pointed distally. Long gonosetae (gst) in lateral pockets on gonarcus. Tignum absent. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped with small and straight comes (c) in dorsal view. Female genitalia (Figs 32 A – E). Tergum 8 (T 8) subquadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct rounded in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S 7) rectangular in ventral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 29 – 32 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) broad, rounded, bilobed distally, heavily sclerotized, membrane proximally wide with highly sclerotized lateral plates. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in lateral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, double-coiled, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8EFFA8348BB7E4FD38E730.taxon	description	(Figs 35 – 37, 56)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8EFFA8348BB7E4FD38E730.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Chrysopa pallens is almost identical to C. gibeauxi (Leraut, 1989) (a Central European species, previously synonymized under C. pallens, but it was recently been re-validated) in body characters and male genitalia (Tillier et al. 2014: figs 1 – 20). However, it can be distinguished by the unmarked yellow scape, the proximal two subcostal veinlets pale green in both wings, and the shape of the internal structure of male gonocristae (gcr) and entoprocessus. Furthermore, the gonocristae are divided into three groups, with the central group having smaller and denser gonocristae (Tillier et al. 2014: figs 15 – 16), and the entoprocessus is angular in lateral view (Tillier et al. 2014: fig. 17) in C. pallens. This species can also be differentiated from its known congeners in Pakistan by the lack of dark markings on vertex (Tillier et al. 2014: fig. 3; present in C. dubitans and C. formosa), the presence of im cell in forewing (absent in C. sogdianica), and the pretarsal claws with distinct basal dilation (simple in C. astarte and C. sogdianica).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8EFFA8348BB7E4FD38E730.taxon	description	Redescription Measurements (♂ n = 2). Forewing: length 15.0 – 18.9 mm, width 5.2 – 6.0 mm; hindwing: length 13.1 – 16.5 mm, width 4.4 – 5.3 mm; body length: 10.0 – 12.2 mm. Head (Figs 36 A – B). Vertex moderately raised, unmarked, rounded in frontal view. Postorbital sclerite unmarked. Frons with a dark spot around the base of antennal toruli. Interantennal spot present. Clypeus with lateral crescentshaped dark spot. Labrum brownish yellow. Genae with a median round dark spot. Maxillary and labial palpi pale yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennae yellow, unmarked, shorter than forewing, covered with short black setae. Thorax (Fig. 36 E). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.6 mm, width 1.0 – 1.4 mm), covered with short yellow setae. Meso- and metanotum sparsely covered with short yellow setae. Legs (Fig. 36 D). Pale yellow, unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws with basal dilation, 1 / 3 of the length of claw hook, quadrate at base (Fig. 36 C). Wings (Fig. 35). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4 – 15); proximal 3 – 23 subcostal veinlets dark brown, except pale green distally. Subcostal area with five crossveins below pterostigma; basal subcostal crossvein (bsx) brownish. Longitudinal veins pale green, except distal branches of A 1 and A 2 dark brown. Pterostigma pale. 16 radial cells (r cell); proximal margin of radial crossveins brownish. Four Banksian cells (b cell); six lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) oblique, meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Two series of gradates, both meet psm, pale green, with exception of a narrow median dark streak; eight inner gradates (ig) and nine outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second (m 2) and third (m 3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu 2); first (icu 1), second (icu 2) and third (icu 3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Longitudinal veins pale green. Costal area narrow, subcostal veinlets dark brown, except the proximal two veinlets pale green. Subcostal area with five crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale. 15 radial cells (r cell); radial branches dark brown. Branches of pseudocubitus dark brown, paler at base. Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell); median branches of Rs slightly brownish at base. Two series of gradates, both meet psm, pale green, with exception of a narrow median dark streak; seven inner gradates and 10 outer gradates. Abdomen (Figs 36 D – E). Pale yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Male genitalia (Figs 37 A – H). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrated in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct rounded in lateral view. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T 9 + ectoproct arcuated, not extending beyond callus cercus; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S 9 straight. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 30 – 32 trichobothria. S 8 quadrate in lateral view. S 9 subtrapezoidal in lateral view; gonocristae (gcr) globular, consisting of small teeth. Gonarcus (gon) broad, arcuated with lateral short horns. Entoprocessus (ent) short, wider proximally, lateral horns arcuated, pointed at apex. Arcessus (arc) absent. Pseudopenis arcuated, pointed at apex. Gonosetae (gst) in lateral pockets below gonarcus in lateral view. Tignum absent. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped with small and straight comes (c) in dorsal view.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8EFFA8348BB7E4FD38E730.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined PAKISTAN. Azad Kashmir territory: District Poonch, Rawalakot valley, Nergola Waterfall, 2 ♂, [33 ° 50 ' 44.5554 " N, 73 ° 48 ' 15.0114 " E], 1580 m, 19. ix. 2019, leg. M. A. Hassan (CAU).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8EFFA8348BB7E4FD38E730.taxon	distribution	Distribution Pakistan. Azad Kashmir (Rawalakot), Gilgit-Baltistan (Gilgit), –– China, India, Europe, Palaearctic (widespread) (Ghosh 2000; Aspöck et al. 2001; Ari et al. 2007; Dobosz & Popov 2018; Yang et al. 2018; Hassan et al. 2019; Monserrat & Pantaleoni 2020; Oswald 2022).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8BFFAE348BB7E4FA33E489.taxon	description	(Fig. 56) Chrysopa sogdianica McLachlan in Fedchenko, 1875: 20. Type locality: Unknown. Chrysopisca minuta McLachlan in Fedchenko, 1875: 23. Type locality: Unknown.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8BFFAE348BB7E4FA33E489.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes This species is closely related to C. astarte by the absence of basal dilation in pretarsal claws, but can be distinguished by the following characters: frons with dark brown spots; scapes with dark markings on lateral margins; and vertex with four dark spots. No additional specimens were added in this study. Although this species is unique among its congeners in Pakistan by lack of im cell in the forewing (Hölzel 1967: fig. 1). The male and female genital photographs of C. sogdianica were presented by Hölzel (1966) based on the syntypes deposited in the Natural History Museum, London. In the same paper, McLachlan described a monotypic genus, Chrysopisca to accommodate Chrysopisca minuta, distinguished by lack of im cell in forewing. Based on similar male genitalia, Brooks & Barnard (1990) later considered Chrysopisca minuta as a junior synonym of C. sogdianica.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8BFFAE348BB7E4FA33E489.taxon	distribution	Distribution	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8BFFAE348BB7E4FA33E489.taxon	materials_examined	Pakistan. Balochistan (Quetta) –– Afghanistan, Russia (Turkestan), Northern Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan), Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iran) east to Mongolia (Hölzel 1967, 1980; Aspöck et al. 2001; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2022). Genus Chrysoperla Steinmann, 1964	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8BFFAE348BB7E4FA33E489.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The genus Chrysoperla can be characterized by the following characters: medium-sized green lacewings (forewing length 9.0 – 14.0 mm); body generally pale green with dorsal median yellow stripe; head with dark brown spots on genae and clypeus; antennae not longer than forewing; legs unmarked; pretarsal claws with or without basal dilation; wings hyaline, without marking; im cell narrow, ovate; first radial crossvein meets Psm well distad of apex of im cell; gradates in two parallel series, meeting Psm in both wings; icu 1 shorter than icu 2; icu 2 broad, rounded apically; male with sterna 8 + 9 fused, with apical lip. Apart from the above morphological characters, the structure, and shapes of male and female genitalia are most useful in distinguishing the Chrysoperla species. The male genitalia feature the following characters: absence of gonapsis and pseudopenis; entoprocessus small or absent; spinellae present or absent; arcessus narrow, pointed at apex and often recurved distally; tignum arcuated. The female genitaliafeature the following characters: absence of pregenitale; subgenitale bilobed distally, slightly extended at proximally; spermatheca narrow; ventral impression shallow or deep; vela short or long; spermathecal duct long, cylindrical, multiple-coiled, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc). Notes Currently, Chrysoperla comprises ca. 36 valid species distributed throughout the world (Brooks 1994). Of these, three species are known in Pakistan (Henry et al. 2010; Hassan et al. 2019). The genus is further divided into four species groups: the carnea - group, the comans - group, the nyerina - group and the pudica - group, and each of them, except comans - group are further divided into two subgroups (Brooks & Barnards 1990). Of these, two species groups are present in Pakistan: the carnea - group (including C. carnea and C. zastrowi sillemi), and the pudica - group (C. mutata).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8AFFAE348BB56DFC5AE641.taxon	discussion	The Chrysoperla carnea- group consists of many sibling species, which can only be differentiated based on the comparative analysis of mating songs, adult and larval morphology, and ecological data (Henry et al. 1999, 2006; Henry & Wells 2004). Morphologically, this species group can be characterized by the following male genital characters: arcessus striated; entoprocessus large and crescentic; gonarcus arc with broad lateral plates; gonosetae generally few; acumen of tignum digitiform; spinellae absent (Brooks 1994).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8AFFA3348BB412FD4EE7CF.taxon	description	(Figs 38 – 40, 57)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8AFFA3348BB412FD4EE7CF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Chrysoperla carnea is similar to C. zastrowi sillemi in external body characters and male genitalia. However, it can be distinguished from C. zastrowi sillemi by the forewing with basal crossvein between Rs and M distad apex of im cell (Figs 38 A – B), the pretarsal claws with basal dilation more than 1 / 3 of claw hook (Fig. 39 E), and the rounded subgenitale in female genitalia (Fig. 40 C).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8AFFA3348BB412FD4EE7CF.taxon	description	Redescription Measurements (♂ n = 2, ♀ n = 14). Forewing: length ♂ 12.0 – 13.1 mm, ♀ 14.0 mm, width ♂ 4.0 – 4.2 mm, ♀ 4.4 – 4.6 mm; hindwing: length ♂ 11.2 – 11.6 mm, ♀ 12.8 – 13.0 mm, width ♂ 3.6 – 3.8 mm, ♀ 4.1 – 4.2 mm; body length: ♂ 7.2 – 7.9 mm, ♀ 9.0 – 9.6 mm. Head (Figs 39 A – B). Vertex moderately raised, unmarked, distally with a narrow greyish yellow spot. Frons unmarked. Postorbital sclerite greyish yellow, unmarked. Clypeus with lateral margins narrowly brownish or reddish brown in some individuals. Labrum brownish yellow. Genae with a median transverse dark brown stripe (Tsukaguchi 1995; figs 92 a – c). Maxillary and labial palpi brownish yellow, covered with short black setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennae shorter than forewing, yellow, unmarked, covered with short black setae; scape yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Thorax (Figs 39 C – D). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.61 – 0.80 mm, width 0.78 – 0.95 mm), pale green, with a median pale yellow stripe, covered with short yellow setae, black dots at setal bases. Meso- and metanotum pale green, with distinct median pale yellow stripe, covered with short pale yellow setae. Legs (Fig. 39 D). Pale yellow, unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws with basal dilation, longer than 1 / 3 of claws hook, quadrate at base (Fig. 39 E). Wings (Figs 38 A – B). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4 – 14). Subcostal area with three to four crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale. Veins green. 11 – 12 radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) straight, well separated at distal margin of im cell. Two series of gradates, both meet psm; six to seven inner gradates (ig) and seven to eight outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second (m 2) and third (m 3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu 2); first (icu 1), second (icu 2) and third (icu 3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Veins pale green. Costal area narrow. Subcostal area with three to four crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale. 10 – 11 radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates, both meet psm; four to six inner gradates and six to eight outer gradates. Abdomen (Figs 39 C – D). Tergum pale green, with median longitudinal greyish stripe, covered with short yellow setae. Sternum pale green, covered with short yellow setae. Male genitalia (Figs 40 G – K). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct rectangular, tapering inward laterally, covered with brown setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T 9 + ectoproct long, extending beyond callus cercus, transverse, pointed at apex; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S 8 + 9 arcuated. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 25 – 27 trichobothria. S 8 + 9 fused, without suture; tip of sternite 8 + 9 broad, rounded in ventral view. S 8 + 9 as long as T 9 + ectoproct in lateral view. Entoprocessus (ent) large, narrow, crescentic. Gonarcus (gon) with board lateral plates, arcuated in lateral view. Arcessus (arc) striated. Gonosetae (gst) short. Tignum (ti) with acumen (ac) long, without setae. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped with small and straight comes (c) in dorsal view. Female genitalia (Figs 40 A – F). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct quadrate in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S 7) quadrate in ventral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 27 – 33 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) rounded, as long as wide, bilobed at distal margin, heavily sclerotized, distinctly visible in ventral view. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in lateral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, multiple coiled, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc). Vela (vel) short, conical in ventral view.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8AFFA3348BB412FD4EE7CF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined PAKISTAN. Azad Kashmir territory: District Bagh, Bagh city, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, [33 ° 58 ' 18.29 " N, 73 ° 47 ' 37.45 " E], 1150 m, 04. ix. 2019, 1 ♂, [33 ° 35 ' 3.84 " N, 73 ° 27 ' 49.68 " E], 1628 m, 03. viii. 2019; District Muzaffarabad, Muzaffarabad city, 14 ♀, [34 ° 22 ' 39.30402 " N, 73 ° 27 ' 11.40361 " E], 875 m, 21. viii. 2019; Gilgit-Baltistan territory: District Skardu, Sermik valley, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, [35 ° 10 ' 41.52 " N, 75 ° 54 ' 22.248 " E], 3022 m, 16. vii. 2019, leg. M. A. Hassan, R. Hussain & M. Ali (CAU).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF8AFFA3348BB412FD4EE7CF.taxon	distribution	Distribution Pakistan. Azad Kashmir (Bagh, Muzaffarabad), Balochistan (Quetta), Gilgit-Baltistan (Sermik Valle), Punjab (Faisalabad), Sindh (Jamshoro), — Palaearctic (widespread), Afrotropical (Cape Verde, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Yemen), Oriental (China, India, Nepal) (Nasreen et al. 2004; Sultan et al. 2017; Dobosz & Popov 2018; Yang et al. 2018; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2022).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF85FFA7348BB7E4FCA4E698.taxon	description	(Figs 41 – 43, 57)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF85FFA7348BB7E4FCA4E698.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi is similar to Chrysoperla carnea in external body characters and male genitalia, but it can be distinguished by the basal dilation of pretarsal claws 1 / 4 or less length of the hook of claws (Brooks 1994: fig. 25; Fig. 42 F), as well as the heart-shape female subgenitale (Fig. 43 C).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF85FFA7348BB7E4FCA4E698.taxon	description	Redescription Measurements (♂ n = 2, ♀ n = 3). Forewing: length ♂ 13.3 – 13.4 mm, ♀ 13.0 – 14.0 mm, width ♂ 4.2 – 4.3 mm, ♀ 4.2 – 4.7 mm; hindwing: length ♂ 12.1 – 12.5 mm, ♀ 11.5 – 12.6 mm, width ♂ 3.8 – 4.0 mm, ♀ 4.0 – 4.3 mm; body length: ♂ 7.8 mm, ♀ 8.1 – 9.2 mm. Head (Figs 42 A – E). Vertex moderately raised, unmarked, rounded in frontal view. Postorbital sclerite unmarked. Frons unmarked. Interantennal spot absent. Clypeus with lateral margins narrowly dark brown. Labrum pale green. Genae with a median transverse dark brown spot. Maxillary and labial palpi pale yellow (dorsal margin brownish yellow in some individuals), except terminal palpi brownish, covered with short dark brown setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennae shorter than forewing, yellow, unmarked, covered with short dark brown setae. Thorax (Fig. 42 E). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.53 – 0.78 mm, width 0.81 – 1.09 mm), pale green, with a median transverse greyish stripe, covered with short yellow setae, black dots at setal bases. Meso- and metanotum pale green, with transverse greyish stripe, sparsely covered short yellow setae. Legs (Fig. 42 D). Pale green, unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws with basal dilation 1 / 3 of the length of hook of claws, quadrate at base (Fig. 42 F). Wings (Figs 41 A – B). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (5 – 15). Subcostal area with three crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma opaque, white. Veins green. 11 – 13 radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m 1) straight, meets at apex of im cell. Two series of gradates, both meet psm; six to seven inner gradates (ig) and seven to eight outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second (m 2) and third (m 3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu 2); first (icu 1), second (icu 2) and third (icu 3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Veins pale green. Costal area narrow. Subcostal area with three crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma opaque, white. 10 – 11 radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates, both meet psm; four to six inner gradates and five to eight outer gradates. Abdomen (Figs 42 D – E). Tergum and sternum pale green, with median longitudinal greyish stripe, covered with pale yellow setae. Male genitalia (Figs 43 F – J). Tergum 8 (T 8) subquadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct quadrate in lateral view, covered with brown setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T 9 + ectoproct long, extending beyond callus cercus, transverse, pointed distally; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S 8 + 9 arcuated. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 27 – 30 trichobothria. S 8 + 9 fused, without suture; tip of sternite 8 + 9 rounded in lateral view. S 8 + 9 slightly shorter than T 9 + ectoproct in lateral view. Entoprocessus (ent) large, narrow, crescentic. Gonarcus (gon) with board lateral plate, arcuated. Arcessus (arc) striated. Gonosetae (gst) short. Tignum (ti) with long acumen (ac), covered with short prominent setae. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped with small and straight comes (c) in dorsal view. Female genitalia (Figs 43 A – E). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct quadrate in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S 7) quadrate in ventral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 27 – 33 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) heart-shaped, wider than long, bilobed distally, heavily sclerotized, distinctly visible in ventral view. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in lateral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, coiled, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc). Vela (vel) short, conical in ventral view.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF83FFA6348BB1D1FA33E1B7.taxon	description	(Fig. 57)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF83FFA6348BB1D1FA33E1B7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Chrysoperla mutata is similar to C. pudica (Navás, 1914), but can be distinguished by the basal dilation of pretarsal claws half length of hook of claw. In C. pudica, the basal dilation is more than half length of hook of claw. No additional specimens were added in this study.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF83FFA6348BB1D1FA33E1B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF83FFA6348BB1D1FA33E1B7.taxon	materials_examined	Pakistan. Balochistan (Quetta), Punjab (Lahore), — Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Middle East to India (Hölzel 1974, 1980; Aspöck et al. 1980; Brooks 1994; Canard & Thierry 2014; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2022). Genus Suarius Navás, 1914	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF83FFA6348BB1D1FA33E1B7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Suarius can be distinguished from other Chrysopini genera in Pakistan by the following characters: number of tibial spurs on each leg (foreleg: 0; midleg: 2; hind leg: 2); male genitalia lacking tignum, pseudopenis, and gonapsis; arcessus narrow, arcuated, distally trifurcated; entoprocessus long, often broader distally; gonarcus long, arcuated with a pair of dorsal horns; pregenitale absent in female genitalia; subgenitale generally elongated and bilobed distally. This genus consists of ca. 22 valid described species and subspecies, occurring in the Eastern (5 spp.) and Western (17 spp.) Palearctic region (Brooks & Barnard 1990). Three species are currently known to occur in Pakistan: S. nanus (McLachlan), S. paghmanus (Hölzel), and S. walsinghami orientalis Hölzel.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF82FFA6348BB24AFD5DE22F.taxon	description	(Fig. 58)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF82FFA6348BB24AFD5DE22F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Suarius nanus is similar to Suarius walsinghami orientalis in having similar brownish marking at the proximal crossvein of third intracubital cell (icu 3) in the forewing (Hölzel 1978: figs 1 – 2), but can be distinguished by the presence of basal dilation of pretarsal claws. No additional specimens were added in this study.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF82FFA6348BB24AFD5DE22F.taxon	distribution	Distribution	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF82FFA6348BB24AFD5DE22F.taxon	materials_examined	Pakistan. Balochistan (Quetta), Gilgit-Baltistan (Gilgit, Hunza, Nagar), –– Afghanistan, South-Eastern Europe (Macedonia, Greece), Northern Africa (Algeria), Middle East (widespread) (Hölzel 1967, 1978; Ari et al. 2007; Doboz et al. 2018; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2022).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF80FFDB348BB178FAC4E23A.taxon	description	(Figs 44 – 48, 58)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF80FFDB348BB178FAC4E23A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Suarius paghmanus seems to be very common and widespread throughout the northern areas in Pakistan, including Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan (Fig. 58). It can be distinguished by the following characters: frons pale yellow, with X-shaped dark pink marking around the base of antennal trouli; interantennal marking dark brown; scape with dorsal and lateral dark brown stripes; vertex with a median parenthesis-shaped dark brown stripes; lateral margins of pronotum dark brown; hind femora with subapical brownish spot; pretarsal claws with basal dilation. However, we observed a minor difference in markings on the frons and pronotum among some individuals, which probably are of intraspecific variations (Figs 46 A – H).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FF80FFDB348BB178FAC4E23A.taxon	description	Redescription Measurements (♂ n = 8, ♀ n = 5). Forewing: length ♂ 9.4 – 10.3 mm, ♀ 8.8 – 13.0 mm; width ♂ 3.2 – 3.6 mm, ♀ 2.9 – 3.8 mm; hindwing: length ♂ 8.0 – 9.7 mm, ♀ 7.7 – 11.1 mm; width ♂ 2.8 – 3.0 mm, ♀ 2.2 – 3.5 mm; body length: ♂ 4.6 – 5.5 mm, ♀ 5.0 – 6.5 mm. Head (Figs 46 A – H). Vertex moderately raised, pale yellow, with two median longitudinal parenthesis-shaped brownish stripes; proximal margin above antennae with a dark brown V-shaped marking (indistinct in some individuals), contiguous to interantennal dark spot; lateral margins at distal half narrowly brownish yellow stripe. Postorbital sclerite yellow, unmarked. Frons yellow, with an inverted V-shape dark pink stripe at base of antennal toruli (indistinct in some individuals), contiguous to interantennal dark spot. Clypeus yellow, lateral margins with a crescent-shaped dark stripe. Labrum brownish yellow. Genae yellow, with a median transverse dark stripe. Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown, brownish yellow at joints, covered with short yellow setae. Antennal toruli yellow, lateral margins slightly dark brown. Antennae shorter than forewing, pale yellow, covered with short pale setae; scape with dorsal and lateral dark brown stripes; pedicel with dorsal dark brown stripe; flagellum pale yellow. Thorax (Figs 46 A – H). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.43 – 0.47 mm, width 0.48 – 0.73 mm), yellow, with a narrow median dark brown stripe and lateral margins broadly dark brown (lateral margins entirely pale yellow with indistinct brownish spots in some individuals), covered with short yellow setae. Meso- and metanotum yellow, with an indistinct median dark brown stripe, sublateral margins with brownish markings, sparsely covered with short yellow setae. Legs (Fig. 45 E). Pale yellow, hind femora with subapical dark brown spot, covered with short black setae. Pretarsal claws with basal dilation, quadrate at base (Fig. 45 D). Wings (Figs 44 A – B). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4 – 11). Subcostal area with three to four crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma indistinct. Crossveins, inner and outer gradates dark brown. Eight to nine radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) oblique, meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Median arculus (m-cu 2), Pseudomedia (Psm) and pseudocubitus (Psc) dark brown. Two series of gradates; two to three inner gradates (ig) and four to five outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second (m 2) and third (m 3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu 2); first (icu 1), second (icu 2) and third (icu 3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Costal area narrow, subcostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with three to four dark brown crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma indistinct. Longitudinal veins pale yellow. Crossveins dark brown. Seven to eight radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Pseudomedia (Psm) and pseudocubitus (Psc) pale yellow, except branching points dark brown. Abdomen (Figs 44 A – B). Tergum brownish yellow with dark brown patches at lateral margins, covered with short yellow setae. Sternum pale yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Male genitalia (Figs 47 A – J). Tergum 8 (T 8) subquadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct subquadrate in lateral view, covered with short brown setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T 9 + ectoproct transverse, pointed at apex; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S 8 + 9 arcuated. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 25 – 27 trichobothria. S 8 + 9 fused, without suture, subtrapezoidal in lateral view. S 8 + 9 as long as T 9 + ectoproct in lateral view. Entoprocessus (ent) long, inverted hooked shape distally. Gonarcus (gon) long, with a pair of median short horns, arcuated distally. Arcessus (arc) straight or bend downward in some individuals, trifurcate distally. Gonosetae (gst) short. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped with small and straight comes (c) in dorsal view. Female genitalia (Figs 48 A – F). Tergum 8 (T 8) quadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct rounded in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S 7) rectangular in lateral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 25 – 27 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) rounded, as long as wide (0.17 mm), bilobed distally, heavily sclerotized, distinctly visible in lateral view. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with a distinct median rounded invagination (inv). Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFFCFFDE348BB1E4FE0BE6F4.taxon	description	(Figs 49 – 51, 58)	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFFCFFDE348BB1E4FE0BE6F4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and notes Suarius walsinghami orientalis is a subspecies of Suarius walsinghami, originally described from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran. However, the nominate subspecies, S. walsinghami walsinghami, is widespread, known from southwestern Europe (Spain), northern Africa (widespread), and the Middle East (widespread). The wing markings in these two subspecies are almost identical (Hölzel 1978: figs 3 – 4, S. walsinghami orientalis; fig. 5, S. walsinghami walsinghami). Thus, the separation of these subspecies needs further confirmation. Based on the specimen we examined, this species is very similar to S. pallidus Hölzel, 1978 in the female subgenitale and the presence of dark brown marking on the proximal crossvein of third intracubital cell (icu 3) in forewing, but it can be differentiated based on the absence of basal dilation in pretarsal claws.	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
03E10867FFFCFFDE348BB1E4FE0BE6F4.taxon	description	Redescription Measurements (♀ n = 1). Forewing: length 8.1 mm, width 2.8 mm; hindwing: length 7.4 mm, width 2.5 mm; body length: 4.7 mm. Head (Figs 50 A – B). Vertex moderately raised, dome-shaped in frontal view, brownish yellow, posterolaterally dark brown; proximal margin above antennae narrowly dark brown. Postorbital sclerite narrowly yellow. Frons yellow, unmarked. Interantennal marking absent. Clypeus yellow, anterolateral margins dark brown stripe. Labrum brownish yellow. Genae yellow, with a median transverse dark brown stripe. Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown, brownish yellow at joints, covered with short yellow setae. Antennal toruli yellow, lateral margins slightly dark brown. Antennae broken, pale yellow, unmarked, except at lateral margins of scape shiny black; pedicel dark brown, covered with short pale setae. Thorax (Figs 50 C – D). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.47 mm, width 0.6 mm), brownish yellow, with a narrow median indistinct dark brown stripe, lateral margins broadly dark brown, covered with short yellow setae. Meso- and metanotum pale yellow, lateral margins dark brown with faintly median longitudinal brownish yellow stripes, sparsely covered with short yellow setae (Fig. 50 D). Legs (Fig. 50 D). Pale yellow, covered with short brownish setae; hind femora with subdistal dark brown marking. Pretarsal claws without basal dilation, quadrate at base (Fig. 50 E). Wings (Fig. 49). Membrane with a narrow dark brown marking on radial branches and the proximal crossvein of third (icu 3) intracubital cells in forewing; longitudinal veins pale yellow, covered with short dark brown setae. Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (3 – 10). Subcostal area with three crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma indistinct. Crossveins, inner gradates and outer gradates dark brown. Six radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); three lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) oblique, meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Median arculus (m-cu 2) dark brown. Pseudomedia (Psm) and pseudocubitus (Psc) pale yellow. Two series of gradates; three inner gradates (ig) and four outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im 1) ovate. Second (m 2) and third (m 3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu 2); first (icu 1), second (icu 2) and third (icu 3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Subcostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with three dark brown crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma indistinct. Longitudinal veins pale yellow. Crossveins pale yellow, branching points dark brown. Six radial cells (r cell). Three Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Pseudomedia (Psm) and pseudocubitus (Psc) pale yellow, branching points dark brown. Two series of gradates; three inner gradates; three outer gradates. Abdomen (Figs 50 C – D). Tergum brownish yellow, with dark brown patches at lateral margins, covered with short yellow setae. Sternum brownish yellow, with short yellow setae. Female genitalia (Figs 51 A – F). Tergum 8 (T 8) subquadrate in lateral view. T 9 + ectoproct quadrate in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S 7) rectangular in lateral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 35 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) rounded, slightly longer than wide (length 0.17 mm, width 0.10 mm), bilobed distally, heavily sclerotized, distinctly visible in lateral view. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with distinct median rounded invagination (inv). Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).	en	Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Liu, Xingyue (2022): The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species. Zootaxa 5180 (1): 1-83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1
