taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E07D1EFFF99230FE77356AC919333A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Antenna filiform with 21 – 26 segments, male with linear tyloids on 10 th – 16 th or 11 th – 16 th antennomeres; supra-antennal elevations reduced, well separated; temple usually punctate; fore wing often with subapical dark patch; second metasomal sternite expanded, often with armature; third metasomal sternite with armature in T. subtruncata.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFF99230FE77356AC919333A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology Reared as hyperparasitoids of parasitoid wasps (Ichneumonidae and Braconidae) and parasitoid flies (Tachinidae) in caterpillars, but some species are primary parasitoids of pergid sawflies (Pergidae) in Australia (Raff 1934; Carne 1969; He and Chen 1986; Weinstein and Austin 1995; Carmean and Kimsey 1998; Chen et al. 2014). Interestingly, two species, Taeniogonalos henicospili (Rohwer) (= T. kerala (Ayyar )) and T. gestroi (Schulz), attack the same host, Enicospilus rufus (Brullé, 1846) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), even after being strikingly congeneric.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFF99230FE77356AC919333A.taxon	distribution	Distribution Taeniogonalos is the most widely distributed of all trigonalid genera, and is found everywhere trigonalids occur, except Europe. Most species are from eastern Asia and South America.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFF99230FE77356AC919333A.taxon	description	Taeniogonalos thwaitesii (Westwood) from Sri Lanka possibly occurs in South India (Smith and Tripotin 2015), but there are no recorded observations of its occurrence in India. In this key we include this species to facilitate future recognition.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFFF923CFF0D322EC9F5344A.taxon	description	(Figures 1 a – e and 2 a – h)	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFFF923CFF0D322EC9F5344A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ♀, India: Tamil Nadu, Thirunelveli district, Ambasamudram range (8.682 ° N, 77.548 ° E; alt. 264 m), 23 August 2019, coll. P. Girish Kumar, (ZSIK) Regd. No. ZSI / WGRC / IR / INV. 17487.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFFF923CFF0D322EC9F5344A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Scutellum black medially and pale yellow laterally; middle lobe of mesoscutum tricoloured (Figure 2 b); body markedly setose; outer side of supra-antennal elevations oblique and elevations 0.3 × as long as scape; additional pair of oblique elevations at inner margin of eye; occipital carina distinct; head rugose-punctate, area adjoining ocelli smooth, devoid of punctures; interspaces smooth and shiny, punctures sparse on occiput and ventrally on temple; temple dorsally largely smooth except for some punctures; head distinctly wide in dorsal view; posterior margin of second metasomal sternite straight, armature lacking.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFFF923CFF0D322EC9F5344A.taxon	description	Description Holotype, female, length of body 5.6 mm; fore wing 4.6 mm. Head. Head in dorsal view 1.6 × as wide as long; antenna with 24 antennomeres; frons coarsely rugose punctate, with narrow shiny interspaces; vertex with similar sculpture, moderately setose with medium-sized setae; OOD 2.4 × POD, OOD 1.2 × OD; temple largely smooth except some sparse setigerous punctation (Figure 1 c); interocular distance at middle of face 3.5 × distance between antennal toruli (Figure 1 e). Eye in dorsal view 1.1 × as long as temple; occipital carina distinct; supra-antennal elevation medium-sized, about 0.3 × as long as scape, outer margin oblique; a pair of oblique projection on frons at inner eye margin (Figure 1 d); clypeus markedly concave medio-apically, setose; mandible large. Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.2 × as long as high (Figure 2 a); transverse mesopleural sulcus indistinct; mesopleuron irregularly rugose anteriorly, indistinct below setation; posteriorly smooth, shiny; notauli deep, moderately narrow and largely crenulate; middle lobe of mesoscutum coarsely transversely rugose-punctate, lateral lobes with similar sculpture, short longitudinal parapsidal line indicated on lateral lobes; scutellar sulcus complete, medium-sized, finely crenulate; scutellum similarly sculptured as mesoscutum, convex, above level of mesoscutum, metanotum medially slightly convex, not protruding, faintly rugose (Figure 2 b); propodeum largely longitudinally or obliquely rugose or nearly so; posterior propodeal carina arched (Figure 2 c). Wings. Fore wing: length of vein 1 - M 0.9 × as long as vein 1 - SR, straight; subdiscal and discal cells less setose than remainder of wing (Figure 2 d). Metasoma. First metasomal tergite 2.5 × as long as apically wide, smooth (Figure 2 g); second metasomal tergite rugose-punctate, shiny, moderately setose; remaining tergites conspicuously rugose punctate, strongly setose (Figure 2 g); sternites with similar sculpture as tergites; second sternite with posterior margin straight; third sternite 0.2 × as long as second sternite; hypopygium bluntly triangular in ventral view (Figure 2 h). Colour. Black with the following parts differently coloured: head in dorsal view with a distinct V-shaped red band behind stemmaticum extending along occipital line and forming diverging band from occiput towards eye on either side (Figure 1 d), pale spots anterior to median ocellus, faint red patch just beyond middle of post-ocellar line; head in frontal view black with following parts variously coloured: patch arising ventrad to lower ocular line, not extending onto middle of face, not meeting medially, on supra-antennal elevation, non-confluent patch on clypeal shield, medially interrupted by black band; mandible yellow with brown-red to black teeth; head in lateral view with yellow patch on outer orbital margin, meeting with red-brown patch from occiput enclosing black patch (Figure 1 e); antennomeres testaceous, ventrally pale; mesosoma variably coloured, pronotum black with postero-lateral angle pale yellow; mesoscutum red-brown with the following parts variously coloured: middle lobe of mesoscutum red-brown with antero-medial inverted triangular black patch, lateral corner pale yellow; lateral lobe of mesoscutum redbrown with anterior part darker; axilla red-brown; scutellum black flanked by pale yellow patch on each side, anterior margin red-brown, lateral margin beyond yellow patch redbrown; metanotum pale yellow with median lobe dark (Figure 2 b); propodeum black with two pale yellow patches sub-medially (Figure 2 c); fore and mid coxae brown with ventral area dark; fore and mid femora dark brown with ventral margin pale brown; fore and mid tibiae brown with apex dark brown; hind coxa pale yellow with ventral margin black; all trochanters pale yellow; hind trochanter pale yellow with ventral margin brown; hind femur brown with apico-ventral area pale; all tarsi brown; fore wing largely fuscous with subapical dark brown patch; first metasomal tergite with pale yellow patch on antero-medial margin; second tergite with narrow subapical yellow band (Figure 2 g); fourth and fifth metasomal tergites with non-confluent yellow band / macula on apical margin; sixth tergite yellow (Figure 2 g); first – second metasomal sternites with subapical yellow band (Figure 2 h).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFFF923CFF0D322EC9F5344A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology Unknown.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFFF923CFF0D322EC9F5344A.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a genitive noun from the patronym Ayyar, after the Indian entomologist and pioneer T. V. Ramakrishna Ayyar who described many species including T. fulvoscutellata and T. kerala from southern India.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFFF923CFF0D322EC9F5344A.taxon	distribution	Distribution India (Tamil Nadu).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFFF923CFF0D322EC9F5344A.taxon	discussion	Remarks Taeniogonalos ayyari sp. nov. resembles T. kerala (Ayyar) in having the head with rugosepunctate sculpture; supra-antennal tubercles short and obtuse, apico-medial margin of second metasomal sternite of female straight, and metasomal armature lacking. Taeniogonalos ayyari sp. nov. however differs from T. kerala in having the head in dorsal view 1.6 × as wide as long (vs 1.4 × as wide as long); antenna 24 - segmented (vs antenna 22 - segmented); mesosoma red-brown (vs brown); second metasomal tergite without any yellow patch on anterior margin (vs second tergite with yellow patch at anterior margin); yellow patch on fourth tergite large (vs yellow patch on fourth tergite comparatively small); hind tibia dark brown without pale basal patch (vs hind tibia brown with pale basal patch); metasoma black with yellow marking (vs metasoma red-brown with yellow marking); yellow band on second metasomal sternite small (vs yellow band on second sternite wider than in alternative); different colour pattern of mesonotum).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFF3923DFE5935D7CE5F3217.taxon	description	(Figures 3 a-d, 4 a – e and 5 a – f)	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFF3923DFE5935D7CE5F3217.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype of T. mimus, ♀ (Figures 3 a – d), India: Tamil Nadu, Palani hills (= south India, Pulney hills), 3000 – 6000 ft., 10 – 31 May 1917, coll. P. S. Nathan (USNM) Type No. 23451, USNMENT 01545544. Additional material examined ♀, India: Kerala, Thrissur district, Malakkappara (10.279 ° N, 76.861 ° E; alt. 949 m), 1 February 2017, coll. P. Girish Kumar (ZSIK) Regd. No. ZSI / WGRC / IR / INV. 17488.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFF3923DFE5935D7CE5F3217.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Scutellum entirely yellow-orange or yellow (Figures 3 c and 5 b); outer side of supraantennal elevations oblique and elevations 0.4 × as long as scape; occipital carina distinct; head finely punctate, punctures on head widely placed, more than half the diameter of individual punctures, interspaces smooth and shiny, punctures fade posteriorly towards occiput and ventrally towards gena (Figure 4 d); temple dorsally largely smooth except for some punctures (Figure 4 c); head distinctly wide in dorsal view; second metasomal sternite of female subtruncate apically, armature truncate posteriorly (Figure 5 f).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFF69224FE753411CE46337A.taxon	description	(Figures 6 a – e and 7 a – f)	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFF69224FE753411CE46337A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Scutellum and middle lobe of mesoscutum bicoloured (Figure 7 b); supra-antennal elevations 0.1 – 0.4 × as long as scape, outer side oblique (Figure 6 d); antenna with 24 antennomeres (Figure 6 b); head posteriorly with extensive yellow or orange-brown pattern, including a V-shaped yellow or orange pattern behind stemmaticum; head dorsally often densely reticulate-punctate (Figure 6 d); temple largely smooth with sparse fine punctures (Figure 6 c); clypeus moderately emarginate medio-ventrally (Figure 6 e); middle mesoscutal lobe similar to lateral lobes, black or yellow laterally and black medially (Figure 7 b); mesopleuron and metapleuron with extensive yellow pattern (Figure 7 a); third submarginal cell of fore wing 0.5 – 0.7 × as long as second submarginal cell (Figure 7 c); second metasomal sternite of both sexes without medio-apical protuberance (Figure 7 f), distinctly convex and no opening between second and following sternites in lateral view (Figure 7 d); third metasomal sternite of female without apical ledge (Figure 7 f).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFF69224FE753411CE46337A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology Clausen (1929) reported the emergence of T. thwaitesii (actually T. gestroi) from cocoons of Henicospilus rufus Tosq. (= Enicospilus rufus (Brullé, 1846) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Hyperparasitoid of Ichneumonidae in pyralid caterpillars (Carmean and Kimsey 1998, as T. thwaitesii).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFF69224FE753411CE46337A.taxon	distribution	Distribution India (Sikkim). Extralimital: China; Indonesia (syntype); Laos; Malaysia; Myanmar (syntype); Papua New Guinea; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand (Chen et al. 2014). The record from Sri Lanka may concern T. thwaitesii (Westwood) and needs confirmation. Notes Taeniogonalos gestroi (Schulz) differs significantly from T. thwaitesii (Westwood), and Chen et al. (2014) re-instated T. gestroi as a valid species occurring from North India to China and insular Southeast Asia. No specimens were obtained during the present study, so the above diagnosis is based on the redescription of the species by Chen et al. (2014).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEB9226FE6D32E1CBBB30DF.taxon	description	(Figures 8 a – d, 9 a – e and 10 a – f)	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEB9226FE6D32E1CBBB30DF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype of T. henicospili, ♀ (Figures 8 a – d), India: Assam, Jorhat, March 1927, coll. C. P. Clausen, ex. cocoons of Henicospilus rufus Tosq., no. 2084 (metasoma missing) (USNM) Type No. 40978, USNMENT 01545589. Additional material examined ♀, India: Kerala, Ernakulam district, Thattekad Bird Sanctuary (10.129 ° N, 76.6877 ° E; alt. 450 m), 5 February 2017, coll. P. Girish Kumar, (ZSIK) Regd. No. ZSI / WGRC / IR / INV. 17489.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEB9226FE6D32E1CBBB30DF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Scutellum bicoloured and middle lobe of mesoscutum tricoloured (Figures 8 c and 10 b); outer side of supra-antennal elevations oblique and elevations 0.4 × as long as scape; occipital carina marked; head densely rugose-punctate, interspaces smooth and shiny, punctures fade posteriorly towards occiput and ventrally towards temple; temple dorsally largely smooth except for scattered punctures near the outer eye margin (Figures 8 b and 9 c – e); head distinctly wide in dorsal view; posterior margin of second metasomal sternite straight, armature absent.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEE922FFE853395CB733424.taxon	description	(Figures 11 a-e, 12 a-h and 13 a-b) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 54 ECC 8 F-E 48 E- 4942 - 8872 - BC 8 DB 3 FE 3 A 5 E	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEE922FFE853395CB733424.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ♀, India: Tamil Nadu, [Dindigul district] Shembaganur [10.232 ° N, 77.503 ° E; alt. 1785 m] October 1979 coll. J. S. Noyes, B. M. 1979 - 518. Type 2 d. 18. (NHMUK).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEE922FFE853395CB733424.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (female) (Figures 11 a – e and 12 a – h) Scutellum black medially and pale yellow laterally; middle lobe of mesoscutum black with two yellow spots anteriorly (Figure 12 b); occipital carina marked; entire frons and vertex dark (Figure 11 d) head finely punctate, shiny, the distances between punctures a little larger than the puncture diameter; entire stemmaticum punctate, with area immediately adjacent to ocelli smooth; interspaces smooth and shiny, punctures sparse adjacent to occipital carina; head subglobose in dorsal view (Figure 11 d); anterior propodeum laterally with conspicuous extensions of peritreme (Figure 12 a); posterior margin of second metasomal sternite straight, armature lacking.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEE922FFE853395CB733424.taxon	description	Description Holotype, female, length of body 5.0 mm; fore wing 4.0 mm. Head. Head in dorsal view 1.5 × as wide as long, antenna with 22 antennomeres; frons finely punctate, with shiny interspaces; vertex with similar sculpture, moderately setose with medium-sized setae; OOD 2.0 × POD, OOD 2.5 × OD; temple largely smooth except some sparse setigerous punctation (Figure 11 c); eye in dorsal view 1.2 × as long as temple; occipital carina distinct; supra-antennal elevation mediumsized, about 0.3 × as long as scape, outer margin oblique; clypeus concave medioapically, setose; mandibles large, asymmetric (l. = 4 - dentate; r = 3 - dentate, Figure 11 e); interocular distance at middle of face 4.8 × distance between antennal toruli (Figure 11 e). Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.5 × as long as high (Figure 12 a); transverse mesopleural sulcus present; upper mesopleuron anterior to mesepimeron with striate sculpture, remainder irregularly rugose (Figure 12 a); notauli deep, narrow, non-crenulate; entire mesoscutum rugose-punctate, side lobes with clear parapsidal lines; scutellar sulcus complete, obscured by pin; scutellum similarly sculptured to mesoscutum, convex, above level of mesoscutum, metanotum medially slightly convex, not protruding, less rugose than scutellum (Figure 12 c); propodeum largely rugose / punctate, striate laterally; posterior propodeal carina arched (Figure 12 c). Peritremes (spiracle covers) very prominent (Figure 12 c). Wings. Fore wing: length of vein 1 - M (measured in a straight line between its ends) 1.2 × as long as vein 1 - SR, curved; vein 2 m-cu very faint, non-tubular for its entire length; basal cells less setose than distal cells (Figure 12 d). Metasoma. First metasomal tergite 1.8 × as long as narrowest (basal) width, smooth (Figures 12 e and 12 g); second metasomal tergite punctate, shiny, sparsely setose; remaining tergites punctate, shiny, setation increasing dense towards apex of metasoma (Figure 12 g). Sternites with similar sculpture to tergites; second sternite with posterior margin straight; maximum length third sternite 0.23 × as long as second sternite; hypopygium bluntly triangular in ventral view (Figures 12 f and 12 h). Colour. Black / dark brown, with the following parts differently coloured: head in front view with the following areas bright yellow: face along inner orbits; two large spots on clypeus; inner supra-antennal elevations; most of outer mandibles (Figure 11 e). Lateral mesosoma black / dark brown with the following areas bright yellow: upper and lower lateral pronotum, a spot on the upper posterior mesopleuron (Figure 12 a). Dorsal mesosoma black / dark brown with the following areas bright yellow: two small spots at anterior mesoscutum adjacent to inner notauli; lateral thirds of scutellum; entire metanotum and two lateral spots; two large areas on each side of propodeum (Figure 12 c). All coxae and trochanters partly yellow, the hind trochanter entirely yellow (Figure 11 a); all femora brown, with some yellow at the proximal ends; tibiae and tarsi brown, the fore and mid tibiae fading to yellow (Figure 11 a). Wings largely hyaline with infuscation restricted to the areas adjacent to SR 1 (Figure 12 d). Dorsal metasoma dark brown with the following areas bright yellow: Most of first tergite; a broken band at the apex of second tergite; two spots on each of fourth and fifth tergite; remainder of dorsal metasoma yellow (Figure 12 g). Ventral metasoma entirely brown with only first sternite yellow, and second sternite yellow laterally (Figure 12 h). Male (Figures 13 a and 13 b): description Paratypes, 2 ♂, length of body 9.0 mm; fore wing 7.5 mm. Same data as holotype. Head. Head in dorsal view 1.7 × as wide as long, antenna with 25 antennomeres, tyloids present on 10 – 16, a minute, short tyloid on 17; frons and vertex densely punctate, with shiny interspaces; clypeus with very shallow punctures, smooth and shining. OOD 2.9 × POD, OOD 2.6 × OD; temple largely smooth except some sparse setigerous punctation; eye in dorsal view approximately as long as temple; occipital carina distinct; supra-antennal elevation present, about 0.3 × as long as scape, outer margin oblique; clypeus concave medio-apically, setose; mandibles large, symmetric, each with three teeth, the inner tooth broadly truncate; interocular distance at middle of face 3.5 × distance between antennal toruli. Mesosoma. Mesosoma 1.5 × as long as high (Figure 13 a); transverse mesopleural sulcus present; upper mesopleuron anterior to mesepimeron with finer, less dense setation, hence appearing shinier, remainder irregularly rugose; notauli deep, narrow, noncrenulate; entire mesoscutum rugose-punctate, parapsidal lines clearly present on side lobes of mesoscutum; more obvious than in female; scutellar sulcus complete; scutellum similarly sculptured as mesoscutum, convex, above level of mesoscutum, metanotum medially slightly convex, not protruding, less rugose than scutellum; propodeum largely rugose / punctate, striate laterally; posterior propodeal carina arched. Peritreme very prominent. Wings. Fore wing: length of vein 1 - M (measured in a straight line between its ends) 1.1 × as long as vein 1 - SR, curved; vein 2 m-cu largely absent, present but non-tubular basally; basal cells less setose than distal cells (Figure 13 a). Metasoma. First metasomal tergite 1.8 × as long as narrowest (basal) width, smooth; second metasomal tergite punctate, shiny, sparsely setose; remaining tergites punctate, shiny, setation increasing dense towards apex of metasoma (Figure 13 b); sternites with similar sculpture as tergites; second sternite with posterior margin straight; maximum length third sternite 0.2 × as long as second sternite; genitalia as in Figure 13 b. Colour. Almost identical to that of the female holotype, the yellow band on second tergite complete centrally in one of the two males; wings generally slightly infuscate (Figure 13 a).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEE922FFE853395CB733424.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology Unknown.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEE922FFE853395CB733424.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a genitive noun from the matronym Lata, after the Indian playback singer Lata Mangeshkar (1929 – 2022) known as the Nightingale of India, one of the greatest and most influential singers with a distinguished career spanning over seven decades. We dedicate the species to her memory, fondly remembering the timeless song Lag Ja Gale from the film Woh Kaun Thi (1964).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEE922FFE853395CB733424.taxon	distribution	Distribution India (Tamil Nadu).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFEE922FFE853395CB733424.taxon	discussion	Remarks Morphologically T. latae sp. nov. resembles T. ayyari sp. nov. in having head with rugose-punctate sculpture; supra-antennal tubercle short and obtuse, apico-medial margin of second metasomal sternite of ♀ straight and metasomal armature lacking. However, T. latae sp. nov. differs from T. ayyari sp. nov. in having head in dorsal view with much shallower punctures, and more shiny. The colour, though similar on the metasoma and propodeum, differs markedly on the mesosoma (compare Figures 2 b and 12 b), being tricoloured in T. ayyari and bicoloured in T. latae. The 2 m-cu in T. ayyari is tubular for part of its length, entirely spectral in T. latae. Taeniogonalos latae shares several aspects of its colour pattern with T. gestroi, but differs markedly in the form of the sculpture (weakly punctate and shiny in T. latae and densely punctate / aciculate in T. getroi. In the key of Chen et al. (2014) T. latae keys to T. alticola (Tsuneki), but it differs markedly from that species in most aspects of both colour and morphology. Notes All three specimens bear the following labels: ‘ Taeniogonalos near maga (Teranishi 1929) Det. Carmean 1993 ’. Clearly David Carmean, a leading authority on Trigonalyidae, considered these specimens to be both conspecific with each other and different from, but close to, T. maga. Taeniogonalos latae differs in several respects from T. maga, and in particular lacks the lamelliform occipital carina (Chen et al. 2014). The genitalia of one male paratype were mounted on the lower data label by David Carmean.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFE0922AFE5A3531C9FC3460.taxon	description	(Figures 14 a – e and 15 a – f)	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFE0922AFE5A3531C9FC3460.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype, ♀ (Figures 14 a – e and 15 a – f), Sri Lanka ‘ Insula Ceylon (Thwaites) ’ (OUMNH).	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
03E07D1EFFE0922AFE5A3531C9FC3460.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Scutellum and middle lobe of mesoscutum bicoloured (Figures 14 a and 14 d); second metasomal tergite largely yellow (Figures 15 b – d); body chestnut coloured with bright yellow patches on the following: clypeal lobe, patch along inner eye margin extending as a streak onto median ocellus, triangular patch beyond anterior ocellus onto frons, patch on temple, narrow streak from occiput to either of the lateral ocelli (Figure 14 c), pronotum laterally, lateral patches on middle lobe of mesoscutum, scutellum on lateral sides; metanotum on medial and lateral lobes (Figure 14 d), patch on medio-posterior margin of first metasomal tergite, inverted triangular patch on anterior margin of second metasomal tergite, broad apical band, third tergite immaculate, fourth – sixth tergites with a non-confluent patch (Figure 15 d), fore wing with apical brown patch (Figure 14 a). Notes According to the description by Westwood (1874), the type locality is ‘ Insula Ceylon (Thwaites) ’. ‘ Thwaites’ refers to the English botanist and entomologist George Henry Kendrick Thwaites (1812 – 1882), who was the director of the Peradeniya Botanic Gardens in Sri Lanka (1857 – 1880). He also indicated he had only one specimen (‘ olim nostr’. or ‘ our only one’), and the above-listed specimen we consider the holotype. The species also has a high possibility of occurring in Peninsular India. Taeniogonalos gestroi, distributed from Northern India to Myanmar to China and in southeastern Asia (Indonesia and Malaysia), was previously misidentified as T. thwaitesii on the assumption that the latter is a widespread and variable species in Asia (Carmean and Kimsey 1998). So far, T. thwaitesii is confined to Sri Lanka and possibly southern India, and further studies and extensive collections from these localities are needed to understand the entire range of the species.	en	Binoy, C., van Achterberg, Cornelis, Polaszek, Andrew, Kumar, P. Girish, Santhosh, S. (2022): A review of Taeniogonalos (Hymenoptera: Trigonalyidae) from India with the description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 56 (21 - 24): 1153-1185, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2088311
