taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FD87EAD17CFFDAFC23F93FAC48F9AC.taxon	description	CLÉ DES ESPÈCES D’ ERYTHROXYLUM P. BROWNE AUX COMORES	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853.taxon	description	(Figs 1; 2)	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853.taxon	diagnosis	Ab aliis speciecibus Erythroxylorum Insulae Comorianae Madagascaraeque species nova facile differt conspicuis cordatis ad basem curvinervisque foliis (vs cuneata rectinervaque et angulos ad apicum).	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Mayotte. Grande Terre, Kani-Kéli, Choungui, peu avant le sommet du Mont Choungui, 450 m, 12 ° 57 ’ 25 ” S, 45 ° 08 ’ 02 ” E, fl., fr., 30. XI. 1997, J. - N. Labat & O. Pascal 2920 (holo-, P [P 00080562]!; iso-, G, K, MAO [MAO 00616]!, MO, WAG). PARATYPI. — Mayotte. Grande Terre, Chirongui, Choungui, Mlima Choungui, fl., 16. XI. 1995, O. Pascal 209 (MAO [MAO 01945]!; P [P 00143108]!); fr., 29. XII. 1995, O. Pascal 286 (MAO [MAO 01948]!; P [P 00143107]!); 593 m, fl., 17. VI. 1996, O. Pascal 593 (MAO [MAO 01944]!, P [P 000780170]!); Réserve forestière de Choungui, fr., 28. XI. 2002, F. Barthelat, F. Melki & B. Ali Sifari 1100 (MAO [MAO 00618]!; P [P 00339177, P 00339178]!; K; MO); 18. XI. 2002, F. Barthelat, P. Hoffman, H. Ralimanana. M. Mchangama & B. Ali Sifari 1084 (MAO [MAO 00619]!; P [P 00339195]!); 03. I. 2004, F. Barthelat, G. Viscardi & N. Parras 1260 (MAO [MAO 00620]!; P [P 00437926]!). — Grande Terre, Kani-Kéli, Choungui, sommet du Mlima Choungui, 500 - 640 m, 12 ° 57 ’ 52 ” S, 45 ° 7 ’ 55 ” E, fr., 30. XII. 2000, J. - N. Labat & F. Barthelat 3349 (MAO [MAO 00617]!; P [P 00209805]!); plateforme 2, fr., 09. IX. 2014, V. Guiot 3 (MAO [MAO 00433]!); au-dessus du sentier avant le plateau dans le sous-bois, 537 m, 12 ° 57 ’ 26.30 ” S, 45 ° 08 ’ 02.18 ” E, st., 02. I. 2019, S. Traclet & A. Abdallah 591 (MAO [MAO 02187]!; P [P 000780169]!); plateforme (point de vue) du sentier qui monte au padza, 504 m, 12 ° 57 ’ 27 ” S, 45 ° 08 ’ 02 ” E, fr., 02. I. 2019, S. Traclet & A. Abdallah 593 (MAO [MAO 02189]!; P [P 000780168]!); 06. II. 2019, S. Traclet 651 (MAO [MAO 02283]!; MO; P [P 01069781]!); dans les pentes ouest avant de traverser le padza à fougères, 538 m, 12 ° 57 ’ 25 ” S, 45 ° 08 ’ 01 ” E, fr., 02. I. 2019, S. Traclet & A. Abdallah 598 (MAO [MAO 02194]!; P [P 000780167]!); pente à l’ouest du sentier montant au sommet, 533 m, 12 ° 57 ’ 26 ” S, 45 ° 08 ’ 02 ” E, fr., 06. II. 2019, S. Traclet 640 (MAO [MAO 02272]; P [P 000780166]!); 524 m, 12 ° 57 ’ 26.20 ” S, 45 ° 08 ’ 01.38 ” E, fr., 06. II. 2019, S. Traclet 645 (MAO [MAO 02277]!; P [P 000780165]!); 512 m, 12 ° 57 ’ 27 ” S, 45 ° 08 ’ 01 ” E, fr., 06. II. 2019, S. Traclet 652 (G; MAO [MAO 02284]!; P [P 01069782]!); 468 m, 12 ° 57 ’ 28.87 ” S, 45 ° 08 ’ 00.79 ” E, fr., 06. II. 2019, S. Traclet 653 (MAO [MAO 02287]!; P [P 01069783]).	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to Mlima (Mount) Choungi, to which the species is endemic.	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853.taxon	distribution	HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Erythroxylum choungiense sp. nov. is restricted to submontane nepheliphilous shrubland with Buxus madagascarica Baill. and Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa (C. H. Wright) Verd. (Boullet 2005; Fadul 2011), where it occurs locally in a south-southwest oriented ravine, along with Eugenia choungiensis Byng & N. Snow, Cynometra mayottensis Labat & O. Pascal, Cassipourea ovata Tul., Chionanthus cordifolius Labat, Pignal & O. Pascal, et Securinega durissima J. F. Gmel. This species is only known from Mayotte island, at altitudes between 470 and 580 m. Only a single locality is known, near the top of Mount Choungi.	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853.taxon	biology_ecology	PHENOLOGY. — Flowering material has been collected in June (Pascal 593) and from November to December. Fructification starts at the end of November and extends through February, with a peak of fruit maturation at the end of January.	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Erythroxylum choungiense sp. nov. is endemic to Mayotte and known from 17 collections made between 1995 and 2019, only 10 of which provide precise geographical coordinates, although all of them came from the same area on Mount Choungi. These collections represent a single extant subpopulation, and while the total number of individuals has not been counted, the population size is estimated to exceed 50 individuals. Using a 2 × 2 km cell size, the AOO of this species is estimated to be 4 km 2, below the upper threshold for “ Critically Endangered ” status under Red List Criterion B 2. Calculation of the EOO would yield a lower value than the AOO, so the EOO is therefore calculated to the AOO (4 km 2), below the upper threshold for “ Critically Endangered ” status under Criterion B 1. All occurrences are located within the recently created National Natural Reserve No. 328 (Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Forêts de Mayotte). The single subpopulation is nevertheless threatened by touristic activities, including uncontrolled hiking to the summit of Mount Choungi, which induces a decline in the quality of the habitat of this species. As a consequence, the 10 occurrences represent a single location (sensu IUCN 2012; IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019) with respect to the most serious plausible threat (touristic activities). Based on this threat, we infer a past, current and a future continuing decline in the extent and the quality of its habitat. This species is thus assessed as Critically Endangered [CR B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii)].	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Shrub to 3 m tall, densely branched, with numerous short branches. Branches 2 - 5 mm in diameter, arranged alternately, silver-brown, finely striated; branches vinous when young, with numerous, elongated, yellowish lenticels 0.8 - 1.8 mm long; internodes 2 - 24 mm long on short branches. Cataphylls scarce, restricted to the youngest portion of stems, usually by 2 (or 3) in the 1 - 2.5 cm portion of stem above each leaf, triangular, symmetrical, 1.8 - 2.2 × 2 - 2.4 mm, with two conspicuous longitudinal straight wings and a third wing between the two others, only visible in the apical half. Stipules caducous, often present on youngest leaves, 2 - 2.5 × 2 - 1.2 mm, triangular, asymmetrical, the longest margin to 2 mm, the shortest to 1.2 mm, apex joining the opposite stipule, base thickened, keel winged, straight, margins entire. Petiole 1.5 - 2.5 × 0.7 - 1 mm, subterete. Leaf blade (28 -) 45 - 60 (- 85) × (14 -) 22 - 29 (- 42) mm, chartaceous, usually ovate to elliptic, rarely obovate, base cordate, margins slightly revolute, apex acuminate, acumen rounded, 1 - 3 mm long, blade red when immature, discolorous when mature, medium-green (silver-green when dry) adaxially, light green (light brown to ochre when dry) abaxially, the midrib lighter green to yellow (prominent when dry) adaxially, prominent abaxially, 8 - 11 secondary veins per side, regularly arched, most evident on lower leaf surface. Inflorescences comprising 1 - to 4 - flowered fascicles borne in the axils of cataphylls; bracteoles 3 - 4, c. 1.2 mm long, triangular, concave. Flowers borne on a pedicel 10 - 13 mm long. Calyx: 2 - 3.5 mm high, 4 - 7 mm wide; lobes 5, 2 - 2.5 × 1.5 - 1.8 mm, triangular to rounded, apex acuminate, united for about one fourth of their length. Petals white, oblong, 4.5 - 5 × 2 - 2.5 mm, slightly recurved at anthesis, finely striated; ligule 1.5 - 2 mm, oriented towards the center of the flower, margin undulate, 2 - lobed, the lobes triangular. Staminal cup smaller than calyx, margin entire. Short-styled flowers: stamens white subequal, 5.5 - 6 mm long; anthers 0.7 × 0.7 mm, suborbicular; styles 3, 3 - 3.2 mm long, free. Long-styled flowers: stamens white, unequal, antisepalous filaments 3.8 - 4 mm long; antipetalous filaments 3 - 3.5 mm long; anthers 0.7 × 0.7 mm, suborbicular; styles 3, 5.5 - 6 mm long, free. Fruit a drupe, green to orange with longitudinal red lines to red, 9 - 12 × 6 - 9 mm when mature, ovoid, pointed at apex, surface smooth; pedicel 11 - 16 mm long. Seed similar in shape, 7 - 10 × 5 - 6 mm when mature, finely striated longitudinally.	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854.taxon	description	(Figs 3; 4)	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854.taxon	diagnosis	E. nossibeensi Baill. similis, sed folia eceracea et paullo revoluta, pedicelli longiores (0.8 - 1.3 vs 0.35 - 0.5 cm), et cataphylla glabra, plerumque cum glandula nectarifera (vs papillosa villosa et rare glandula nectarifera) praecipue differt.	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854.taxon	materials_examined	TYPUS. — Union of the Comores. Mohéli, Miringoni, Voundrouvou, Chalet Saint Antoine, 660 m, 12 ° 17 ’ 17 ” S, 43 ° 39 ’ 50 ” E, fl., fr., 24. XI. 1999, J. - N. Labat, I. Yahaya, E. Daroueche, M. Djoubieri & M. Mindhiri 3212 (holo-, P [P 00184110]!; iso-, CNDRS, MO). PARATYPI. — Union of the Comores. Mohéli [Mwali], au-dessus de Drondroni, 688 m, 12 ° 19 ’ 06 ” S, 43 ° 42 ’ 39 ” E, fl., 27. III. 2011, E. Bidault, I. Yahaya, G. Viscardi & C. Loup 63 (HKM; P [P 00852574]!]); 650 m, 12 ° 19 ’ 17 ” S, 43 ° 42 ’ 24 ” E, fl., 26. III. 2011, C. Loup, E. Bidault, I. Yahaya & G. Viscardi 598 (HKM; MAO; P [P 00852657]!); centre, forêt du Mont Kimbouana, 700 m, [12 ° 19 ’ 30 ” S, 43 ° 42 ’ 45 ” E], fr., 27. II. 1975, J. - J. Floret 1214 (P [P 00213746]!); ouest, ouest du chalet Saint Antoine, 600 m, [12 ° 17 ’ 04 ” S, 43 ° 39 ’ 33 ” E], fr., 28. II. 1975, J. - J. Floret 1239, P [P 00213747]!; Mohéli [Mwali], Miringoni, Mdawnyombe, Chalet Saint Antoine, 688 m, 12 ° 17 ’ 18 ” S, 43 ° 39 ’ 51 ” E, fl., 29. V. 2006, J. - N. Labat, I. Yahaya & A. Abdou 3734 (CNDRS; P [P 00527372]!]); piste entre Miringoni et le chalet Saint Antoine, 610 m, 12 ° 17 ’ 24 ” S, 43 ° 39 ’ 43 ” E, fl., fr., 4. XI. 2008, G. Rouhan & M. Pignal 899 (G; MO; P [P 00684874]!). — Grande Comore [Ngazidja], fl., V. 1850, L. H. Boivin s. n. (P [P 00213749]!); au-dessus d’Idjikunzi, 885 m, 11 ° 43 ’ 56 ” S, 43 ° 24 ’ 48 ” E, fl., fr., 5. IV. 2011, E. Bidault, I. Yahaya, Ramadouane & C. Loup 138 (HKM; MO; P [P 00852628]!); Mawéni, massif de la Grille, versant ouest, 1 km est de Maouéni, 800 m, [11 ° 27 ’ 52 ” S, 43 ° 19 ’ 55 ” E], fl., 9. II. 1975, J. - J. Floret 814 (P [P 00213728]!); 1016 m, 11 ° 28 ’ 25 ” S, 43 ° 20 ’ 43 ” E, fl., fr., 8. VI. 2006, J. - N. Labat, I. Yahaya & A. Abdou 3787 (CNDRS; K; MO; P [P 00527415]!); versant Est du Karthala, Idjikoundzi, 1301 m, [11 ° 44 ’ 12 ” S, 43 ° 24 ’ 25 ” E], fl., fr., XII. 2008, M. Charahabil, M. Chaharmane & M. Younoussa 34 (CNDRS; P [P 00577868]!); Gamambili, village Batu, [c. 11 ° 30 ’ 00 ” S, 43 ° 21 ’ 40 ” E], fl., 20. IX. 1984, C. Loup 48 (P [P 00213729]!).	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet honours our friend and colleague Pr. Jean-Noël Labat (1959 - 2011), who served as Botany team leader at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris. Jean-Noël devoted particular attention to the exploration of the floristic diversity of the Comoros islands and made a very significant contribution to our taxonomic knowledge of several families in the archipelago. He also initiated the programme entitled “ Connaître pour conserver: le patrimoine naturel caché des Comores ” (2008 - 2011), which allowed him, as well as the first and last authors and numerous colleagues, to gather unique and invaluable data on several groups from the Comoros, and which ultimately led to the establishment of the Comoros National Herbarium, inaugurated in 2011. Finally, Jean-Noël was responsible for more than 4500 high quality collections deposited in the Paris herbarium, with duplicates distributed in collections in Europe and around the world, many associated with field photographs, including the types of this species as well as Erythroxylum choungiense sp. nov., all of which represent an invaluable heritage on which taxonomic work is still being conducted and will likely reveal additional novelties in the years to come.	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854.taxon	distribution	HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — This species occurs in submontane dense humid forest on ridges, along with Cyathea sp., palms, and Cynometra sp. on Mwali (fide Labat 3212) and degraded submontane forest with Ocotea sp., Polyscias sp., Weinmannia sp. and Olea sp. on Ngazidja (fide Labat 3787), where it is found at altitudes between 600 and 1300 m above sea level.	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854.taxon	biology_ecology	PHENOLOGY. — Material with flowers and fruits have been collected between February and June, as well as in November and December.	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS. — Erythroxylum labatii sp. nov. occurs on the islands of Mwali and Ngazidja and is known from 13 collections made between 1850 and 2011. Of these 13 collections, only one could not be precisely located (Boivin s. n. from Ngazidja). The 12 remaining collections represent 12 occurrences and two or three extant subpopulations, having been sampled in 2011 (on both Ngazidja and Mwali). While the total number of individuals has not been counted, the population size is estimated to exceed 50 individuals as the label data associated with several collections indicate that the species is common. Using a 2 × 2 km cell size, the AOO of this species is estimated to be 28 km 2 and the EOO is calculated as 429 km 2, both below the upper threshold for “ Endangered ” status under Red List criteria B 2 and B 1, respectively. No occurrences are located within protected areas, and they are all threatened by small scale agriculture and deforestation for the production of firewood, largely occurring on both Ngazidja and Mwali. On Mwali, cultivation of crops such as bananas was observed at an elevation of c. 600 m a. s. l. in 2011 (EB pers. obs.) and is presumed to have persisted since then. On Ngazidja, the Massif de la Grille has largely been degraded due to wood harvesting, whereas the Karthala forest is experiencing less pressure from wood harvesting but its extent and quality are still declining due to the same reasons. Moreover, it is not clear whether the absence of collections of this species from below 600 m a. s. l. reflects an ecological preference for higher elevation sites or the fact that most of the forest below this elevation has been severely degraded on both Mwali and Ngazidja. Both of the main threats induce a decline in the quality of the habitat of this species. As a consequence, the 12 occurrences represent 4 locations (sensu IUCN 2012; IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019), with respect to the most serious plausible threat (small-scale agriculture). Based on this threat, we infer a past, current and a future continuing decline in the extent and the quality of its habitat. Erythroxylum labatii sp. nov. is thus assessed as Endangered [EN B 1 ab (iii) + 2 ab (iii)].	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Slender shrub or small tree to 5.5 m tall, densely branched, with plagiotropic branches. Branches 1.5 - 3.5 mm in diameter, arranged alternately, silver-brown, finely striated; branches darker when young, with lenticels numerous, elongated, yellowish, 0.5 - 1.2 mm long, denser and longer on old stems (to 3 mm); internodes 2.5 - 17 mm long on short branches. Very young portion of stem quadrangular with a rugose yellow face prior to the formation of lenticels. Cataphylls caducous, scarce on the youngest portion of stems, usually by 3 - 5 (7) in the 1 - 2.5 cm portion of stem above each leaf, distichally arranged, triangular, thick, symmetrical, (1.2 -) 1.5 × 2 - 2.5 mm, with two conspicuous longitudinal straight wings forming a canalicule, an additional third wing, in between the two main wings, only visible on the apical half, often with a basal median extra-floral nectary, in between the two conspicuous longitudinal wings. Stipules caducous, often present at the base of youngest leaves, 1.5 - 1.8 × 0.8 mm, asymmetrically triangular, the longest margin to 2 mm, the shortest to 1.2 mm, apex joining the opposite stipule, base thickened, keel winged, straight, margins entire. Petiole 2 - 3 × 1 - 1.2 mm, straight, subterete to terete. Leaf blade (43 -) 58 - 74 (- 90) × (12 -) 22 - 28 (- 36) mm, papyraceous, usually ovate to elliptic, base rounded, margins very slightly revoluted, apex acuminate, acumen straight to curved, (3 -) 6 - 17 mm long, rounded, sometime slightly acute, blade red when immature, discolorous after, dark brown adaxially when dry, light brown abaxially when dry, the midrib slightly prominent at base abaxially, 7 - 9 secondary veins on each side, most evident on lower leaf surface, forming an angle of (56 ° -) 66 ° - 74 ° (- 86 °) with the midrib. Inflorescences a sessile cyme, 1 - 3 (- 6) - flowered, borne in the axil of cataphylls in the distal part of the stem; bracteoles triangular, concave, 1 × 0.6 - 0.7 mm. Flowers: pedicel 9 - 15 mm. Calyx, 2.1 mm high and 3.8 - 4.2 mm wide; lobes, 5, 1.8 × 1.1 mm, triangular or rounded, united for about one third to half of their length. Petals white, narrowly obovate, 3.5 - 5 × 1.7 - 2 mm, not fully spread at anthesis, slightly constricted at its third, keeled at the upper half; ligule 1.5 - 2 mm, oriented towards the center of the flower, margin undulate, 2 - lobed. Staminal cup smaller than calyx, margin entire. Stamen white, basifix. Short-styled flowers: stamens subequal, 4 - 4.5 mm long; anthers 0.8 × 0.8 mm, suborbicular, lobate at base; styles 2 mm long, free. Long-styled flowers: stamens subequal, 2 - 2.2 mm long; anthers 0.5 - 0.7 × 0.9 - 1 mm, suborbicular; styles (2 -) 3, 3.7 - 4.2 mm, usually fused, sometimes 1 free and 2 attached up to the base of the stigmas. Fruit a drupe, green to bright red with longitudinal darker lines, 9 - 14 × 5 - 6 mm when mature and dry, ovoid, pointed at apex, surface smooth; pedicel 11 - 17 mm long. Seeds not seen.	en	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
