identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FD87EAD17CFFDAFC23F93FAC48F9AC.text	03FD87EAD17CFFDAFC23F93FAC48F9AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erythroxylum P. Browne	<div><p>Genus Erythroxylum P.Browne</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ERYTHROXYLUM P.BROWNE IN THE COMOROS ISLANDS</p> <p>1. Leaves widely obovate, the apex usually emarginate and mucronulate.............................. E. platyclados Bojer</p> <p>— Leaves ovate to elliptic, rarely obovate, the apex usually apiculate or acute, never emarginate...................... 2</p> <p>2. Leaf base cordate......................................................... E. choungiense E.Bidault, Traclet &amp; M.Pignal, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Leaf base cuneate or attenuate, never cordate.............................................................................................. 3</p> <p>3. Stipules very small (0.5-1 mm long); leaf apex sometimes obtuse, often broadly and shortly cuspidate, very rarely distinctly acuminate, always retuse; inflorescences borne on axillary stalks 3-7 mm long; usually occurring in dry, coastal areas.................................................................................................................. E. lanceum Bojer</p> <p>— Stipules larger (1-3 mm long); leaf apex distinctly and narrowly acuminate, sometimes retuse; inflorescences sessile or subsessile; occurring in humid, forested areas................................................................................ 4</p> <p>4. Trees to 10-12 m tall; stipules early caducous (usually only visible in the 1 or 2 apical leaves), c. 3 mm long; inflorescences in groups of 3 or 4, usually 4-5-flowered.......................................................... E. elegans Baill.</p> <p>— Shrubs 1-4 m tall; stipules caducous (visible at least on the youngest portions of the stem), shorter (1-2 mm); inflorescences usually solitary, sometimes in groups of 2, 1-6-flowered........................................................ 5</p> <p>5. Leaves 2-6 × 1-2.5 cm; acumen ¼ to ⅓ of the total leaf length, apex minutely retuse; inflorescences 1-2(-3)-flowered, cataphylls rarely with nectary glands...................................................... E. corymbosum Boivin ex Baill.</p> <p>— Leaves 4-10 × 1.5-3.5 cm); acumen 1/6 to 1/5 of the total leaf length, apex rounded; inflorescences 3-6-flowered, cataphylls often bearing a nectary gland......................................... E. labatii E.Bidault &amp; M.Pignal, sp. nov.</p> <p>CLÉ DES ESPÈCES D’ ERYTHROXYLUM P.BROWNE AUX COMORES</p> <p>1. Feuilles largement obovées, généralement émarginées et mucronées à l’apex..................... E. platyclados Bojer</p> <p>— Feuilles ovales à elliptiques, rarement obovées, généralement apiculées ou aiguës à l’apex, jamais émarginées...... 2</p> <p>2. Base de la feuille cordée............................................... E. choungiense E.Bidault, Traclet &amp; M.Pignal, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Base de la feuille cunée ou atténuée, jamais cordée...................................................................................... 3</p> <p>3. Stipules très petites (0,5- 1 mm de long); apex des feuilles parfois obtus, souvent largement et brièvement cuspidé, très rarement nettement acuminé, toujours rétus; inflorescences axillaires portées par des pédoncules de 3 - 7 mm de long; généralement en zones côtières sèches.................................................... E. lanceum Bojer</p> <p>— Stipules plus grandes (1-3 mm de long); feuilles distinctement et finement acuminées, rétuses ou non; inflorescences sessiles ou subsessiles; en zones humides et boisées....................................................................... 4</p> <p>4. Arbre jusqu’à 10-12 m de haut; stipules précocement caduques (souvent seulement visibles aux 1-2 feuilles apicales), env. 3 mm de long; inflorescences en groupes de 3-4, généralement de 4-5 fleurs............ E. elegans Baill.</p> <p>— Arbuste de 1-4 m de haut; stipules moins précocement caduques (visibles sur toute la portion jeune de la tige), plus courtes (1-2 mm de long); inflorescences généralement solitaires, parfois groupées par 2, portant 1-6 fleurs........................................................................................................................................................... 5</p> <p>5. Feuilles 2-6 × 1-2,5 cm; acumen entre ¼ et ⅓ de la longueur du limbe, échancré au sommet; inflorescences de 1-2(-3)-fleurs, cataphylles rarement à glande nectarifère............................. E. corymbosum Boivin ex Baill.</p> <p>— Feuilles plus grandes (4-10 × 1,5-3,5 cm); acumen entre 1/6 et 1/5 de la longueur du limbe, non échancré au sommet; inflorescences à 3-6 fleurs, cataphylles souvent à glande nectarifère......................................................................................................................................................... E. labatii E.Bidault &amp; M.Pignal, sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87EAD17CFFDAFC23F93FAC48F9AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bidault, Ehoarn;Traclet, Sébastien;Pignal, Marc	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853.text	03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erythroxylum choungiense E. Bidault, Traclet & M. Pignal 2022	<div><p>1. Erythroxylum choungiense E.Bidault, Traclet &amp; M.Pignal, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1; 2)</p> <p>Ab aliis speciecibus Erythroxylorum Insulae Comorianae Madagascaraeque species nova facile differt conspicuis cordatis ad basem curvinervisque foliis (vs cuneata rectinervaque et angulos ad apicum).</p> <p>TYPUS. — Mayotte. Grande Terre, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.133892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.956944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.133892/lat -12.956944)">Kani-Kéli</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.133892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.956944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.133892/lat -12.956944)">Choungui</a>, peu avant le sommet du <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.133892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.956944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.133892/lat -12.956944)">Mont Choungui</a>, 450 m, 12°57’25”S, 45°08’02”E, fl., fr., 30.XI.1997, J.-N. Labat &amp; O. Pascal 2920 (holo-, P [P00080562]!; iso-, G, K, MAO [MAO00616]!, MO, WAG).</p> <p>PARATYPI. — Mayotte. Grande Terre, Chirongui, Choungui, Mlima Choungui, fl., 16.XI.1995, O. Pascal 209 (MAO [MAO01945]!; P [P00143108]!); fr., 29.XII.1995, O. Pascal 286 (MAO [MAO01948]!; P [P00143107]!); 593 m, fl., 17.VI.1996, O. Pascal 593 (MAO [MAO01944]!, P [P000780170]!); Réserve forestière de Choungui, fr., 28.XI.2002, F. Barthelat, F. Melki &amp; B. Ali Sifari 1100 (MAO [MAO00618]!; P [P00339177, P00339178]!; K; MO); 18.XI.2002, F.Barthelat, P.Hoffman, H. Ralimanana. M. Mchangama &amp; B. Ali Sifari 1084 (MAO [MAO00619]!; P [P00339195]!); 03.I.2004, F. Barthelat, G. Viscardi &amp; N. Parras 1260 (MAO [MAO00620]!; P [P00437926]!). — Grande Terre, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.131943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.964444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.131943/lat -12.964444)">Kani-Kéli</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.131943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.964444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.131943/lat -12.964444)">Choungui</a>, sommet du <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.131943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.964444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.131943/lat -12.964444)">Mlima Choungui</a>, 500-640 m, 12°57’52”S, 45°7’55”E, fr., 30.XII.2000, J.-N. Labat &amp; F. Barthelat 3349 (MAO [MAO00617]!; P [P00209805]!); plateforme 2, fr., 09.IX.2014, V. Guiot 3 (MAO [MAO00433]!); au-dessus du sentier avant le plateau dans le sous-bois, 537 m, 12°57’26.30”S, 45°08’02.18”E, st., 02.I.2019, S. Traclet &amp; A. Abdallah 591 (MAO [MAO02187]!; P [P000780169]!); plateforme (point de vue) du sentier qui monte au padza, 504 m, 12°57’27”S, 45°08’02”E, fr., 02.I.2019, S. Traclet &amp; A. Abdallah 593 (MAO [MAO02189]!; P [P000780168]!); 06.II.2019, S. Traclet 651 (MAO [MAO02283]!; MO; P [P01069781]!); dans les pentes ouest avant de traverser le padza à fougères, 538 m, 12°57’25”S, 45°08’01”E, fr., 02.I.2019, S. Traclet &amp; A. Abdallah 598 (MAO [MAO02194]!; P [P000780167]!); pente à l’ouest du sentier montant au sommet, 533 m, 12°57’26”S, 45°08’02”E, fr., 06.II.2019, S. Traclet 640 (MAO [MAO02272]; P [P000780166]!); 524 m, 12°57’26.20”S, 45°08’01.38”E, fr., 06.II.2019, S. Traclet 645 (MAO [MAO02277]!; P [P000780165]!); 512 m, 12°57’27”S, 45°08’01”E, fr., 06.II.2019, S. Traclet 652 (G; MAO [MAO02284]!; P [P01069782]!); 468 m, 12°57’28.87”S, 45°08’00.79”E, fr., 06.II.2019, S. Traclet 653 (MAO [MAO02287]!; P [P01069783]).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to Mlima (Mount) Choungi, to which the species is endemic.</p> <p>HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Erythroxylum choungiense sp. nov. is restricted to submontane nepheliphilous shrubland with Buxus madagascarica Baill. and Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa (C.H.Wright) Verd. (Boullet 2005; Fadul 2011), where it occurs locally in a south-southwest oriented ravine, along with Eugenia choungiensis Byng &amp; N.Snow, Cynometra mayottensis Labat &amp; O.Pascal, Cassipourea ovata Tul., Chionanthus cordifolius Labat, Pignal &amp; O.Pascal, et Securinega durissima J.F.Gmel. This species is only known from Mayotte island, at altitudes between 470 and 580 m. Only a single locality is known, near the top of Mount Choungi.</p> <p>PHENOLOGY. — Flowering material has been collected in June (Pascal 593) and from November to December. Fructification starts at the end of November and extends through February, with a peak of fruit maturation at the end of January.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Erythroxylum choungiense sp. nov. is endemic to Mayotte and known from 17 collections made between 1995 and 2019, only 10 of which provide precise geographical coordinates, although all of them came from the same area on Mount Choungi. These collections represent a single extant subpopulation, and while the total number of individuals has not been counted, the population size is estimated to exceed 50 individuals. Using a 2 × 2 km cell size, the AOO of this species is estimated to be 4 km 2, below the upper threshold for “Critically Endangered” status under Red List Criterion B2. Calculation of the EOO would yield a lower value than the AOO, so the EOO is therefore calculated to the AOO (4 km 2), below the upper threshold for “Critically Endangered” status under Criterion B1. All occurrences are located within the recently created National Natural Reserve No. 328 (Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Forêts de Mayotte). The single subpopulation is nevertheless threatened by touristic activities, including uncontrolled hiking to the summit of Mount Choungi, which induces a decline in the quality of the habitat of this species. As a consequence, the 10 occurrences represent a single location (sensu IUCN 2012; IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019) with respect to the most serious plausible threat (touristic activities). Based on this threat, we infer a past, current and a future continuing decline in the extent and the quality of its habitat. This species is thus assessed as Critically Endangered [CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)].</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Shrub to 3 m tall, densely branched, with numerous short branches. Branches 2-5 mm in diameter, arranged alternately, silver-brown, finely striated; branches vinous when young, with numerous, elongated, yellowish lenticels 0.8-1.8 mm long; internodes 2-24 mm long on short branches. Cataphylls scarce, restricted to the youngest portion of stems, usually by 2(or 3) in the 1-2.5 cm portion of stem above each leaf, triangular, symmetrical, 1.8-2.2 × 2-2.4 mm, with two conspicuous longitudinal straight wings and a third wing between the two others, only visible in the apical half. Stipules caducous, often present on youngest leaves, 2-2.5 × 2- 1.2 mm, triangular, asymmetrical, the longest margin to 2 mm, the shortest to 1.2 mm, apex joining the opposite stipule, base thickened, keel winged, straight, margins entire. Petiole 1.5-2.5 × 0.7-1 mm, subterete. Leaf blade (28-)45-60(-85) × (14-)22-29(-42) mm, chartaceous, usually ovate to elliptic, rarely obovate, base cordate, margins slightly revolute, apex acuminate, acumen rounded, 1-3 mm long, blade red when immature, discolorous when mature, medium-green (silver-green when dry) adaxially, light green (light brown to ochre when dry) abaxially, the midrib lighter green to yellow (prominent when dry) adaxially, prominent abaxially, 8-11 secondary veins per side, regularly arched, most evident on lower leaf surface. Inflorescences comprising 1- to 4-flowered fascicles borne in the axils of cataphylls; bracteoles 3-4, c. 1.2 mm long, triangular, concave. Flowers borne on a pedicel 10-13 mm long. Calyx: 2-3.5 mm high, 4-7 mm wide; lobes 5, 2-2.5 × 1.5-1.8 mm, triangular to rounded, apex acuminate, united for about one fourth of their length. Petals white, oblong, 4.5-5 × 2-2.5 mm, slightly recurved at anthesis, finely striated; ligule 1.5-2 mm, oriented towards the center of the flower, margin undulate, 2-lobed, the lobes triangular. Staminal cup smaller than calyx, margin entire. Short-styled flowers: stamens white subequal, 5.5-6 mm long; anthers 0.7 × 0.7 mm, suborbicular; styles 3, 3-3.2 mm long, free. Long-styled flowers: stamens white, unequal, antisepalous filaments 3.8-4 mm long; antipetalous filaments 3-3.5 mm long; anthers 0.7 × 0.7 mm, suborbicular; styles 3, 5.5-6 mm long, free. Fruit a drupe, green to orange with longitudinal red lines to red, 9-12 × 6-9 mm when mature, ovoid, pointed at apex, surface smooth; pedicel 11-16 mm long. Seed similar in shape, 7-10 × 5-6 mm when mature, finely striated longitudinally.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87EAD17CFFD5FC3AF899AC84F853	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bidault, Ehoarn;Traclet, Sébastien;Pignal, Marc	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854.text	03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erythroxylum labatii E. Bidault & M. Pignal 2022	<div><p>2. Erythroxylum labatii E.Bidault &amp; M.Pignal, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 3; 4)</p> <p>E. nossibeensi Baill. similis, sed folia eceracea et paullo revoluta, pedicelli longiores (0.8-1.3 vs 0.35-0.5 cm), et cataphylla glabra, plerumque cum glandula nectarifera (vs papillosa villosa et rare glandula nectarifera) praecipue differt.</p> <p>TYPUS. — Union of the Comores. Mohéli, Miringoni, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.66389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.288056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.66389/lat -12.288056)">Voundrouvou</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.66389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.288056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.66389/lat -12.288056)">Chalet Saint Antoine</a>, 660 m, 12°17’17”S, 43°39’50”E, fl., fr., 24.XI.1999, J.-N. Labat, I. Yahaya, E. Daroueche, M. Djoubieri &amp; M. Mindhiri 3212 (holo-, P [P00184110]!; iso-, CNDRS, MO).</p> <p>PARATYPI. — Union of the Comores. Mohéli [Mwali], au-dessus de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.710835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.318334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.710835/lat -12.318334)">Drondroni</a>, 688 m, 12°19’06”S, 43°42’39”E, fl., 27.III.2011, E. Bidault, I.Yahaya, G.Viscardi &amp; C. Loup 63 (HKM; P [P00852574]!]); 650 m, 12°19’17”S, 43°42’24”E, fl., 26.III.2011, C. Loup, E. Bidault, I. Yahaya &amp; G. Viscardi 598 (HKM; MAO; P [P00852657]!); centre, forêt du <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.7125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.7125/lat -12.325)">Mont Kimbouana</a>, 700 m, [12°19’30”S, 43°42’45”E], fr., 27.II.1975, J.-J. Floret 1214 (P [P00213746]!); ouest, ouest du chalet <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.65917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.284445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.65917/lat -12.284445)">Saint Antoine</a>, 600 m, [12°17’04”S, 43°39’33”E], fr., 28.II.1975, J.-J. Floret 1239, P [P00213747]!; Mohéli [Mwali], Miringoni, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.66417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.288334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.66417/lat -12.288334)">Mdawnyombe</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.66417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.288334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.66417/lat -12.288334)">Chalet Saint Antoine</a>, 688 m, 12°17’18”S, 43°39’51”E, fl., 29.V.2006, J.-N. Labat, I. Yahaya &amp; A. Abdou 3734 (CNDRS; P [P00527372]!]); piste entre <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.661945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.290001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.661945/lat -12.290001)">Miringoni</a> et le chalet <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.661945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.290001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.661945/lat -12.290001)">Saint Antoine</a>, 610 m, 12°17’24”S, 43°39’43”E, fl., fr., 4.XI.2008, G. Rouhan &amp; M. Pignal 899 (G; MO; P [P00684874]!). — Grande Comore [Ngazidja], fl., V.1850, L.H. Boivin s.n. (P [P00213749]!); au-dessus <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.413334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.732222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.413334/lat -11.732222)">d’Idjikunzi</a>, 885 m, 11°43’56”S, 43°24’48”E, fl., fr., 5.IV.2011, E. Bidault, I. Yahaya, Ramadouane &amp; C. Loup 138 (HKM; MO; P [P00852628]!); Mawéni, massif de la <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.331944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.464444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.331944/lat -11.464444)">Grille</a>, versant ouest, 1 km est de Maouéni, 800 m, [11°27’52”S, 43°19’55”E], fl., 9.II.1975, J.-J. Floret 814 (P [P00213728]!); 1016 m, 11°28’25”S, 43°20’43”E, fl., fr., 8.VI.2006, J.-N. Labat, I.Yahaya &amp; A. Abdou 3787 (CNDRS; K; MO; P [P00527415]!); versant Est du Karthala, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.406944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.736667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.406944/lat -11.736667)">Idjikoundzi</a>, 1301 m, [11°44’12”S, 43°24’25”E], fl., fr., XII.2008, M. Charahabil, M. Chaharmane &amp; M. Younoussa 34 (CNDRS; P [P00577868]!); Gamambili, village <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.36111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.36111/lat -11.5)">Batu</a>, [c. 11°30’00”S, 43°21’40”E], fl., 20.IX.1984, C. Loup 48 (P [P00213729]!).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet honours our friend and colleague Pr. Jean-Noël Labat (1959-2011), who served as Botany team leader at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris. Jean-Noël devoted particular attention to the exploration of the floristic diversity of the Comoros islands and made a very significant contribution to our taxonomic knowledge of several families in the archipelago. He also initiated the programme entitled “ Connaître pour conserver: le patrimoine naturel caché des Comores ” (2008-2011), which allowed him, as well as the first and last authors and numerous colleagues, to gather unique and invaluable data on several groups from the Comoros, and which ultimately led to the establishment of the Comoros National Herbarium, inaugurated in 2011. Finally, Jean-Noël was responsible for more than 4500 high quality collections deposited in the Paris herbarium, with duplicates distributed in collections in Europe and around the world, many associated with field photographs, including the types of this species as well as Erythroxylum choungiense sp. nov., all of which represent an invaluable heritage on which taxonomic work is still being conducted and will likely reveal additional novelties in the years to come.</p> <p>HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — This species occurs in submontane dense humid forest on ridges, along with Cyathea sp., palms, and Cynometra sp. on Mwali (fide Labat 3212) and degraded submontane forest with Ocotea sp., Polyscias sp., Weinmannia sp. and Olea sp. on Ngazidja (fide Labat 3787), where it is found at altitudes between 600 and 1300 m above sea level.</p> <p>PHENOLOGY. — Material with flowers and fruits have been collected between February and June, as well as in November and December.</p> <p>CONSERVATION STATUS. — Erythroxylum labatii sp. nov. occurs on the islands of Mwali and Ngazidja and is known from 13 collections made between 1850 and 2011. Of these 13 collections, only one could not be precisely located (Boivin s.n. from Ngazidja). The 12 remaining collections represent 12 occurrences and two or three extant subpopulations, having been sampled in 2011 (on both Ngazidja and Mwali). While the total number of individuals has not been counted, the population size is estimated to exceed 50 individuals as the label data associated with several collections indicate that the species is common. Using a 2 × 2 km cell size, the AOO of this species is estimated to be 28 km 2 and the EOO is calculated as 429 km 2, both below the upper threshold for “Endangered” status under Red List criteria B2 and B1, respectively. No occurrences are located within protected areas, and they are all threatened by small scale agriculture and deforestation for the production of firewood, largely occurring on both Ngazidja and Mwali. On Mwali, cultivation of crops such as bananas was observed at an elevation of c. 600 m a.s.l. in 2011 (EB pers. obs.) and is presumed to have persisted since then. On Ngazidja, the Massif de la Grille has largely been degraded due to wood harvesting, whereas the Karthala forest is experiencing less pressure from wood harvesting but its extent and quality are still declining due to the same reasons. Moreover, it is not clear whether the absence of collections of this species from below 600 m a.s.l. reflects an ecological preference for higher elevation sites or the fact that most of the forest below this elevation has been severely degraded on both Mwali and Ngazidja. Both of the main threats induce a decline in the quality of the habitat of this species. As a consequence, the 12 occurrences represent 4 locations (sensu IUCN 2012; IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019), with respect to the most serious plausible threat (small-scale agriculture). Based on this threat, we infer a past, current and a future continuing decline in the extent and the quality of its habitat. Erythroxylum labatii sp. nov. is thus assessed as Endangered [EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)].</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Slender shrub or small tree to 5.5 m tall, densely branched, with plagiotropic branches. Branches 1.5-3.5 mm in diameter, arranged alternately, silver-brown, finely striated; branches darker when young, with lenticels numerous, elongated, yellowish, 0.5-1.2 mm long, denser and longer on old stems (to 3 mm); internodes 2.5-17 mm long on short branches. Very young portion of stem quadrangular with a rugose yellow face prior to the formation of lenticels. Cataphylls caducous, scarce on the youngest portion of stems, usually by 3-5(7) in the 1-2.5 cm portion of stem above each leaf, distichally arranged, triangular, thick, symmetrical, (1.2-)1.5× 2-2.5 mm, with two conspicuous longitudinal straight wings forming a canalicule, an additional third wing, in between the two main wings, only visible on the apical half, often with a basal median extra-floral nectary, in between the two conspicuous longitudinal wings. Stipules caducous, often present at the base of youngest leaves, 1.5-1.8 × 0.8 mm, asymmetrically triangular, the longest margin to 2 mm, the shortest to 1.2 mm, apex joining the opposite stipule, base thickened, keel winged, straight, margins entire. Petiole 2-3 × 1-1.2 mm, straight, subterete to terete. Leaf blade (43-)58- 74(-90) × (12-)22-28(-36) mm, papyraceous, usually ovate to elliptic, base rounded, margins very slightly revoluted, apex acuminate, acumen straight to curved, (3-) 6-17 mm long, rounded, sometime slightly acute, blade red when immature, discolorous after, dark brown adaxially when dry, light brown abaxially when dry, the midrib slightly prominent at base abaxially, 7-9 secondary veins on each side, most evident on lower leaf surface, forming an angle of (56°-)66°-74°(-86°) with the midrib. Inflorescences a sessile cyme, 1-3(-6)-flowered, borne in the axil of cataphylls in the distal part of the stem; bracteoles triangular, concave, 1 × 0.6-0.7 mm. Flowers: pedicel 9-15 mm. Calyx, 2.1 mm high and 3.8-4.2 mm wide; lobes, 5, 1.8 × 1.1 mm, triangular or rounded, united for about one third to half of their length. Petals white, narrowly obovate, 3.5-5 × 1.7-2 mm, not fully spread at anthesis, slightly constricted at its third, keeled at the upper half; ligule 1.5-2 mm, oriented towards the center of the flower, margin undulate, 2-lobed. Staminal cup smaller than calyx, margin entire. Stamen white, basifix. Short-styled flowers: stamens subequal, 4-4.5 mm long; anthers 0.8 × 0.8 mm, suborbicular, lobate at base; styles 2 mm long, free. Long-styled flowers: stamens subequal, 2-2.2 mm long; anthers 0.5-0.7 × 0.9-1 mm, suborbicular; styles (2-)3, 3.7-4.2 mm, usually fused, sometimes 1 free and 2 attached up to the base of the stigmas. Fruit a drupe, green to bright red with longitudinal darker lines, 9-14 × 5-6 mm when mature and dry, ovoid, pointed at apex, surface smooth; pedicel 11-17 mm long. Seeds not seen.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87EAD170FFD1FF72FF5EAB10F854	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bidault, Ehoarn;Traclet, Sébastien;Pignal, Marc	Bidault, Ehoarn, Traclet, Sébastien, Pignal, Marc (2022): Novelties in Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) from the Comoros Archipelago: two new, range-restricted and threatened species, and notes on the Mount Choungi biogeographical singularity. Adansonia (3) 44 (21): 215-228, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a21
