identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D687CDFA78FFECC5ABFF594EFBFD61.text	03D687CDFA78FFECC5ABFF594EFBFD61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock	<div><p>Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte &amp; Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015</p> <p>FEMALE (Figs 8–10, 13–17). Description. Like male (Figs 5–7) except: frons pale but darkening towards vertex, of same width throughout except slightly widening above lunule, pile black (Fig. 8); vertex of same width throughout, pile black (Fig. 8); scutum dark postero-medial area extends apico-medially as an acute point, almost until the anterior margin of the scutum (Fig. 9); scutellum with mostly black pile, pile lighter at apex (Fig. 9); all femora darkened apically, protarsus entirely black, all femora with apico-frontal face with black pile (Fig. 9); abdominal pale maculae narrower, appearing more like fasciae (Fig. 10). Genitalia (Figs 13–17): Segments, and membrane between them, short. Tergites and sternites 6 and 7 rectangular, wider than long, with pilosity restricted to apical margin. Tergite 8 rectangular, wider than long, pilosity restricted to apical margin and with four distinct apical setae, equally spaced from each other; sternite 8 mostly membranous slightly sclerotized basally, homogeneously pilose, pile shorter medially, longer and thicker laterally. Sternite 9 present in the genital chamber (‘s9’ in Fig. 13). Epiprocts connected apically by a narrow, curved, transverse sclerotized area (‘epi’ in Fig. 13 and 15), with narrow apico-lateral extensions that touch the cerci dorsally (‘ext’ in Fig. 16), and with short triangular apodemes (‘ap’ in Fig. 15), pilose with four distinct apical setae (Fig. 15); hypoproct as a long triangular slightly sclerotized area, densely pilose (‘hyp’ in Fig. 17). Cerci (‘c’ in Figs 14–17) sclerotized and pilose, positioned ventrally and slightly perpendicular to the plane of the epiproct.</p> <p>Adult size. Length (mm). Male: body = 6−8 (n = 9), wing = 6.5−7.9 (n = 9). Female: body = 6.2−7.9 (n = 10), wing = 6.2−7.5 (n = 12).</p> <p>Adult variation. When comparing to the description and images of C. tigrinum in Ricarte et al. (2015), the males from this study have a more ventrally produced face (Figs 6 and 9), the scutum is cream-colored medially, instead of orange (although this might be an artifact of preservation/photography), the posterior brown maculae of the scutum are larger (Figs 5 and 8), the pile of the scutellum is mostly black, all femora are darkened apically, and the pale abdominal markings are narrower (Figs 7 and 10).</p> <p>Examined material. BRAZIL, AM, Manaus, ZF-2, tower trail, 18.i.2019, emerged from fruits of Casearia combaymensis, J.A. Rafael et al. [11 ♂ (D#0188–0198), 15 ♀ (D#0199–0213), 4 puparia not associated to their respective adults]; Maués, ESEC <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.82&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.5997224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.82/lat -5.5997224)">Alto Maués</a>, 5º35'59"S 58º49'12"W, 8–16.v.2019, Malaise large, close to stream, P.C.S. Barroso and S.P. Lima [1 ♀ (D#0214)].</p> <p>Biology. The area where the specimens were collected was a lowland humid tropical forest. The decaying fruits of the host plant (C. combaymensis Tul.), where immature stages of this species were collected, belong to the family Salicaceae, a different family from the previously known record, Malvaceae (Ricarte et al. 2015).</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 18). Neotropical Region: Brazil (state of Amazonas), Trinidad and Tobago.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687CDFA78FFECC5ABFF594EFBFD61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Miranda, Gil F. G.;Soares, Matheus M. M.;Fernandes, Daniell R. R.;Rafael, José A.	Miranda, Gil F. G., Soares, Matheus M. M., Fernandes, Daniell R. R., Rafael, José A. (2022): Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant. Zootaxa 5182 (2): 175-182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5182.2.4
