identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5C1DEB197D455BAB9CE8CF89033551FC.text	5C1DEB197D455BAB9CE8CF89033551FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) subgeminata (Chen 1934)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) subgeminata (Chen, 1934)</p>
            <p>Figs 2A-C, 3, 4</p>
            <p> Phytodecta subgeminatus Chen, 1934: 75 (China: Guandong, Guanzhou). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (Asiphytodecta) subgeminatus : Chen 1935: 131 (catalogue); Chen 1936: 88 (catalogue);  Chûjô 1958: 67 (Taiwan). </p>
            <p> Asiphytodecta subgeminatus : Chen and Young 1941: 208 (key). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) subgeminata : Gressitt and Kimoto 1963: 365 (China: Guandong); Kippenberg 2010: 432 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 54 (China: Hunan, Zhejiang); Cho 2021 (China: Anhui, Jiangxi, Sichuan). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) subgeminatus : Kimoto and Chu 1996: 52 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 369 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena subgeminata : Takizawa et al. 1995: 7 (additional records in Taiwan) </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Two syntypes should be deposited at the MNHUB but appear to be lost (Cho 2021).</p>
            <p>Other material (n = 60).</p>
            <p>  China. Fujian: 1♂ (TARI),  建陽 (  Jianyang ),  黃坑 (Huangkeng),  場头 (Changtou), 700-950m, 23.VI.1960  , leg.  姜勝巧 (S.-Q. Jiang);   1♀ (TARI),  建陽 (Jianyang),  黃坑 (  Huangkeng ),  桂林 (Guiling), 290m, 21.VI.1960  , leg.  姜勝巧 (S.-Q. Jiang);   Taiwan. Nantou: 1♀ (TARI), Baibara (=  Meiyuan ,  眉原 ), 24.III.1943, leg. A. Aoki  ;   1♂ (TARI), Horisha (=  Puli ,  埔里 ), 10.V.1913, leg. M. Maki  ;  1♂ (TARI), same locality, 10.IV.1919, leg. H. Kawamura (collector was not present on the card) ;   1♂ (TARI),  Wanfengtsun (萬豐村), 2.IV.2008, leg. W.-T. Liu  ;   1♂ (TARI), same but with  “18.IV.2011” ; Pingtung  :   1♂ (TARI), Shinsuiyei (=  Chinshuiying ,  浸水營 ), 17.III.1926, leg. S. Issiki  ;   1♀ (TARI),  Tahanshan (大漢山), 5.IV.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee  ; 2♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with  “26.III.2013” ; 12♂, 2♀ (TARI), same but with  “18.IV.2018” ;  3♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 3.IV.2012, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; 6♂, 2♀ (TARI), same but with  “16.IV.2013” ; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with  “10.V.2013” ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with  “28.III.2016” ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with  “10.IV.2017” ; 3♂ (TARI), same but with  “17.IV.2017” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “5.IV.2018” ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with  “9.IV.2018” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “23.IV.2018” ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with  “27.IV.2020” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “20.III.2021” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “10.IV.2021” ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with  “15.IV.2021” ;  2♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 29.IV.2014, leg. J.-C. Chen.</p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p> Adult Length 5.2-6.3 mm, width 3.8-4.6 mm. Body color (Fig. 2A-C) yellowish brown, antennomeres VII-XI black, elytra with eleven black spots: three large spots along suture, anterior spot at basal 1/3, median at apical 1/3, the other at apices; one pair of large spots near base between suture and humeral calli; two pairs of spots at basal 1/3, large spot near lateral margin, small spot between large spot and one on suture; one pair of large spots at apical 1/3 near lateral margins. Antennae (Fig. 3A) with antennomere III-V slender, VI slightly swollen, VII-X strongly swollen, XI elongate oval, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.1: 1.3: 2.0: 1.7: 1.2: 1.0: 1.1: 1.1: 1.0: 1.0: 1.8. Pronotum 2.4  × wider than long; lateral margins widest at base, convergent and strongly narrowed anteriorly; anterior angles strongly produced; anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins barely visible in dorsal view; trichobothria absent on both anterior and posterior angles; disc covered with sparse, tiny punctures, both sides covered with much larger, denser punctures. Scutellum distinctly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra 1.1  × longer than wide; lateral margins slightly wider posteriorly, widest near middle; humeral calli well developed; disc covered with irregular punctures arranged in single rows; interspaces covered with fine, sparse punctures. Hind wing well developed. Aedeagus (Fig. 3B, C) with apical process widely rounded in dorsal view, lateral margins moderately narrowed in apical 1/4, with dense setae along lateral margins from near apex to apical 1/3; moderately curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite extremely elongate, medially wider, basally membranous. Gonocoxae (Fig. 3D) slender, but apices wider and angular, disc with dense long setae. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 3E) transverse, with several short setae along outer margin. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 3F) slightly swollen, not separated from pump; pump short and curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct moderately long. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Adults of  Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) subgeminata are easily distinguished from those of other consubgeneric species,  G. (A.) tredecimmaculata , by the following combination of the characters: lacking black spots on the pronotum (Fig. 2A) (with three black spots on the pronotum in  G. (A.) tredecimmaculata (Fig. 2D )), yellowish brown scutellum (Fig. 2A) (black scutellum in  G. (A.) tredecimmaculata (Fig. 2D )), three black spots on suture of elytra, at basal 1/3, median of apical 1/3, and at apices (Fig. 2A) (two black spots on suture of elytra, apical 1/3 and near apices in  G. (A.) tredecimmaculata (Fig. 2D )), punctures on elytra arranged into longitudinal striae (Fig. 2A) (punctures on elytra entirely confused in  G. (A.) tredecimmaculata (Fig. 2D )), apical process of aedeagus apically wider and apical margin widely rounded (Fig. 3B) (apically process of aedeagus apically narrow and apical margin narrowly rounded in  G. (A.) tredecimmaculata (Figs 5B, 6B), slender gonocoxae with angular apices (Fig. 3D) (wide gonocoxae with irregular apical margin in  G. (A.) tredecimmaculata (Figs 5D, 6D )), sparse, short setae along outer margins of ventrites VIII (Fig. 3E) (dense, short setae along outer margins of ventrite VIII in  G. (A.) tredecimmaculata (Figs 5E, 6E )), relatively wider spermatheca (Fig. 3F) (more slender spermatheca in  G. (A.) tredecimmaculata (Figs 5F, 6F )). </p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Fabaceae :  Pueraria sp. (Yang et al. 2015) and  Callerya reticulata (Benth.) Schot (Lee et al. 2016; present study, see below). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> A large population of  Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) subgeminata was found in Tahanshan (大漢山), where Mr. Yi-Ting Chung (鍾奕霆) collected leaf beetles often. He collected early instar larvae feeding gregariously on young leaves (Fig. 4A-C) on 18 March 2022 from  Callerya reticulata . In the lab, mature larvae (Fig. 4D) burrowed into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation on 22 March. Duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 4E) was seven days. Newly emerged adults (Fig. 4F) appeared in early April, but females failed to lay eggs. Thus, this species is likely univoltine since adults appear during spring (March to May). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China, Taiwan.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C1DEB197D455BAB9CE8CF89033551FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Hsieh, Chia-Hung	Lee, Chi-Feng, Hsieh, Chia-Hung (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the leaf-beetle genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836 in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Gonioctenini) reveals new synonymies and one new species. ZooKeys 1120: 1-46, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526
4F48034F44665EE19EAD81AEF20F0BAA.text	4F48034F44665EE19EAD81AEF20F0BAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) tredecimmaculata (Jacoby 1888)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) tredecimmaculata (Jacoby, 1888)</p>
            <p>Figs 2D-F, 5, 6, 7</p>
            <p> Phytodecta tredecimmaculata Jacoby, 1888: 347 (China: Fujian); Jacoby 1890: 118 (diagnosis with  P. nigrosparsus Fairmaire). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta tredecimmaculatus : Winkler 1930: 1296 (catalogue); Chen 1934: 74 (part). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (s. str.) tredecimmaculatus : Weise 1916: 180 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (Asiphytodecta) tredecimmaculatus : Chen 1935: 132 (part); Chen 1936: 88 (part);  Chûjô 1958: 64 (part). </p>
            <p> Asiphytodecta tredecimmaculatus : Chen and Young 1941: 206 (key). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) tredecimmaculata : Gressitt &amp; Kimoto, 1963: 365 (part);  Chûjô 1963: 386 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto 1966: 25 (one additional record in Taiwan); Kimoto 1967: 59 (China: Hong Kong); Kimoto 1969: 22 (additional records in Taiwan);  Bezděk 2002: 9 (redefinition); Kippenberg 2010: 432 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 54 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) tredecimmaculatus : Kimoto and Chu 1996: 53 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 369 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena tredecimmaculata : Kimoto 1989: 247 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto 1991: 8 (additional records in Taiwan). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta tredecimmaculatus var. taiwanensis Achard, 1924: 34 (Taiwan); synonymized by  Chûjô (1958). Synonym confirmed </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (Asiphytodecta) tredecimmaculatus var. taiwanensis : Chen 1935: 132 (catalogue); Chen 1936: 88 (catalogue);  Chûjô 1958: 65 (redescription). </p>
            <p> Asiphytodecta tredecimmaculatus taiwanicus [sic!]: Chen and Young 1941: 207 (key). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) tredecimmaculata taiwanica [sic!]: Gressitt &amp; Kimoto, 1963: 359 (key) </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) taiwanensis : Cho et al. 2016: 363. </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) ohmomoi Cho et al. 2016: 365 (Taiwan: Hualien, Shoufeng (壽豐)). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) riyuetanensis Cho et al. 2016: 366 (Taiwan: Nantou, Sun Moon Lake (日月潭)) Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p> Phytodecta tredecimmaculata : two syntypes (1♂ + 1♀) deposited at the MCZC were studied by  Bezděk (2002) and Cho et al. (2016). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta tredecimmaculatus var. taiwanensis : one syntype (♀) deposited at the NMPC was studied by  Bezděk (2002) and Cho et al. (2016). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) ohmomoi : The holotype (♂) and one paratype (♀) was deposited at the SEHU (Cho et al. 2016). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) riyuetanensis : The holotype (♂) was deposited at the DBET (Cho et al. 2016). </p>
            <p>Other material (n = 128).</p>
            <p>  China. Fujian: 1♀ (TARI),  崇安 (Chongan),  星村 (Xingcun),  掛墩 (  Guadun ), 950-1210m, 12.VI.1960, leg.  左丞 (C. Zuo), 1♀ (TARI),  建陽 (Jianyang),  黃坑 (Huangkeng),  大竹欄 (Dazhulan) -  先鋒嶺 (Xianfengling), 950-1170m, 2.V.1060, leg.  馬成林 (C.-L. Ma)  ;   Taiwan. Chiayi: 1♀ (TARI), Arisan (=  Alishan ,  阿里山 ), 17.V.1917, leg. T. Shiraki  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Hsiting (隙頂), 1.VIII.2018, leg. Y.-T. Chung  ;   Hsinchu: 2♀ (TARI), Shiigao (name of the tribe), Chikuto (=  Maopu ,  茅埔 ), 27-30.VI.1934, leg. M.  Chûjô ;   1♀ (TARI), Shinchiku (= Hsinchu,  新竹 ), 1-30.VII.1918, leg. J. Sonan, K. Miyake  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Talu trail (大鹿林道), 22.X.2008, leg. H.-J. Chen  ;  1♂ (TARI), same locality, 22.IX.2012, leg. Y.-L. Lin ;   Hualien: 2♂, 2♀ (TARI),  Chohsi (卓溪), 4.III.2016, leg. S.-P. Wu  ;   3♂, 2♀ (KMNH),  Hungyeh Wenchuan (紅葉溫泉), 14.VI.1976, leg. H. Makihara  ;   1♀ (TARI), Mizuho (=  Juisui ,  瑞穗 ), 23.III.1935, leg. M.  Chûjô ;   Ilan: 2♂, 3♀ (TARI), Ebosiyama (=  Umutzushan ,  烏帽子山 ), 17-21.V.1933, leg. M.  Chûjô ;   1♀ (TARI),  Yingtzuling (鶯仔嶺), 15.IV.2012, leg. Y.-L. Lin  ;   Kaohsiung: 1♀ (TARI),  Chienshan (建山), 23.VI.2018, leg. B.-X. Guo  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Hsiaokuanshan (小關山), 15.V.2016, leg. B.-X. Guo  ;   2♂ (KMNH),  Liu Kui (六龜), 29.III.1986, leg. K. Baba  ;   2♂ (TARI),  Paiyunshan (白雲山), 25.IV.2016, leg. U. Ong  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Tengchih (藤枝), 4.VII.2011, leg. M.-H. Tsou  ;  1♀ (TARI), same locality, 18.IV.2013, leg. B.-X. Guo ;   1♀ (TARI), same but with  “3.VIII.2013” ; 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 18.IV.2013, leg. Y.-T. Chung  ;   Nantou: 1♂, 2♀ (TARI), Honbukei (=  Penpuchi ,  本部溪 ), 7.VII.1940, leg. M.  Chûjô ;   1♂ (TARI),  Huisun Experimental Forest Station (惠蓀林場), 22.IV.2015, leg. B.-X. Guo  ; 1♀ (TARI), Lugu (鹿谷), 10.IX.2-14, leg. H.-T. Shih;   1♀ (KMNH),  Hsitou (溪頭), 31.III.1980, leg. K. Sugiyama  ;   1♀ (TARI), Takeya (=  Chienchityu ,  乾溪仔 ), 8.VII.1940, leg. M.  Chûjô ;   1♂, 4♀ (TARI),  Wanfengtsun (萬豐村), 2.IV.2008, leg. W.-T. Liu  ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with  “9.VII.2008” ; 1♀ (TARI), same but with  “23.IV.2009” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “13.IV.2010” ; 2♂ (TARI), Wushe (霧社), 17.VIII.1984, leg. K. C. Chou;   Pingtung: 1♂ (TARI), Koshun (=  Hengchun ,  恆春 ), 25.IV.-25.V.1918, leg. J. Sonan, K. Miyake, M. Yoshino  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Nanjenshan (南仁山), 24.II.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Peihulushan (北湖呂山), 4.XI.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou  ;   2♂, 3♀ (TARI),  Peitawushan (北大武山), 22.IV.2013, leg. Y.-T. Chung  ; 1♂, 2♀ (TARI), same but with  “8.V.2014” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “2.V.2016” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “10.X.2017” ; 1♀ (TARI), Raisha (= Laiyi,  來義 ), 13.III.1926, leg. J. Sonan;   1♂ (TARI),  Shouka (壽卡), 23.II.2013, leg. W.-C. Liao  ;   1♀ (TARI),  Tahanshan (大漢山), 17.VII.2007, leg. M.-H. Tsou  ;  2♂ (TARI), same locality, 25.V.2008, leg. C.-F. Lee ;  1♂ (TARI), same locality, 28.VIII.2010, leg. Y.-L. Lin ;  1♂ (TARI), same locality, 26.VI.2012, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “30.V.2014” ; 2♀ (TARI), same but with  “18.III.2016” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “6.IX.2017” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “28.VI.2020” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “10.V.2021” ; 4♂, 4♀ (TARI), Taiwu (泰武), 14.IX.2017, leg. Y.-T. Chung;   1♀ (TARI),  Wanlite (萬里得), 1.III.2010, leg. M.-L. Cheng  ;   Taichung: 1♂ (TARI), Hassenzan (=  Pahsienshan ,  八仙山 ), 4.VI.1942, leg. A. Mutuura  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Kukuan (谷關), 14.IV.2019, leg. C.-C. Guo  ; 3♂ (TARI), same but with  “28.IV.2019” ; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), Wushihkeng (烏石坑), 13.VII.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou;  1♂ (TARI), same locality, 21.III.2013, leg. C.-F. Lee ;   Tainan: 4♀ (TARI),  Kantoushan (崁頭山), 13.III.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou  ; 5♂ (TARI), same but with  “8.IV.2010” ; 3♂, 3♀ (TARI), Meiling (梅嶺), 24.IV.2013, leg. B.-X. Guo;   1♂ (TARI), same but with  “5.X.2015” ; 2♀ (TARI), same locality, 2.XI.2015, leg. Y.-T. Chung  ;   Taipei: 1♂ (TARI),  Chungho (中和), 22.V.2010, leg. Y.-L. Lin  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Fushan (福山), 11.IV.2021, leg. I.-H. Ku  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Kotou (格頭), 27.III.2010, leg. H.-J. Chen  ;   1♂ (TARI), Urai (=  Wulai ,  烏來 ), 14.V.1933, leg. M.  Chûjô ;  1♀ (TARI), same locality, 16.IV.2008, leg. J.-F. Tsai ;   1♀ (KMNH),  Yangmingshan (陽明山), 28.IV.1970, leg. M. Yamamoto  ;   Taitung: 1♀ (TARI),  Anshuo (安朔), 27.VII.2011, leg. W.-T. Liu  ;   2♀ (TARI),  Chipon (知本), 25.III.1935, leg. M.  Chûjô ;   1♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality (=  Tipon ), 8.V.1943, leg. M.  Chûjô ;   1♂ (KMNH),  Kueitien (歸田), 17.VI.1976, leg. H. Makihara  ;   1♂, 1♀ (TARI),  Liyuan (栗園), 19.VI.2013, leg. C.-F. Lee  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Motien (摩天), 18.VI.2013, leg. J.-C. Chen  ;   3♂, 1♀ (TARI),  Taimali (太麻里), 20.III.2008, leg. P.-F. Wang  ;   1♀ (TARI), Taito (= Taitung,  台東 ), 25.II.-27.III.1919, leg. S. Inamura  ;   Taoyuan: 1♂ (TARI),  Hsuehwunao (雪霧鬧), 10.VI.2016, leg. Y.-L. Lin. </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p> Length 6.9-8.4 mm, width 4.3-5.4 mm. Body color (Fig. 2D-F) yellowish brown, scutellum black, pronotum with three spots: one near apical margin at middle, and a pair of spots at sides; elytra with ten black spots, arranged as follows: two large spots along suture at apical 1/3 and near apices; one pair near base between suture and humeral calli; two pairs at basal 1/3, one large spot near lateral margin, another between it and suture; and one pair of large spots at apical 1/3 near lateral margins. Antennae (Fig. 5A) with antennomere III slender, IV-VI slightly swollen, VII moderately swollen, VIII-X strongly swollen, XI elongate oval, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.4: 0.5: 0.4: 0.3: 0.3: 0.4: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.5: 1.9: 2.5: 1.6: 1.4: 1.3: 1.3: 1.3: 1.2: 1.2: 1.9. Pronotum 2.3  × wider than long, lateral margins widest at base, convergent anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced; anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins barely visible in dorsal view; trichobothria absent on both anterior and posterior angles; disc covered with dense coarse punctures, interspaces with fine punctures, both sides covered with much larger, denser punctures. Scutellum distinctly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra 1.1-1.2  × longer than wide; lateral margins slightly wider posteriorly, widest near middle. Humeral calli well developed; disc covered with rather regular coarse punctures; interspaces covered with fine, sparse punctures. Hind wing well developed. Aedeagus (Fig. 5B, C) with apical process narrowly rounded in dorsal view, lateral margins slightly narrowed in apical 1/4, with dense short setae along lateral margins from near apex to apical 1/4; strongly curved at basal 1/3 in lateral view; endophallic sclerite extremely elongate. Gonocoxae (Fig. 5D) wide, but mesal margins subtruncate, with several long setae along apical and outer margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 5E) transverse, with dense long setae along outer margin. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 5F) slender, not separated from pump; pump short and curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct moderately long. </p>
            <p>Variations.</p>
            <p>Black spots on the dorsum are predominantly large in Chinese populations but extremely variable in Taiwanese populations. Diagnostic characters of Chinese populations (Fig. 6) are similar to those in Taiwan, but without dense, short setae along lateral margins of the aedeagus from near apex to apical 1/4 (Fig. 6B, C); and mesally narrowed apical margins of gonocoxae (Fig. 6D).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) tredecimmaculata is easily distinguished from the other consubgeneric species,  G. (A.) subgeminata by the following combination of the characters: three black spots on pronotum (Fig. 2D) (without black spots on pronotum in  G. (A.) subgeminata (Fig. 2A )), black scutellum (Fig. 2D) (yellowish-brown scutellum in  G. (A.) subgeminata (Fig. 2A )), two black spots on suture of elytra, one at apical 1/3 and the other near apices (Fig. 2D) (three black spots on suture of elytra, one at basal-median 1/3 median and apical 1/3, the other at apices in  G. (A.) subgeminata (Fig. 2A )), punctures on elytra entirely confused (Fig. 2D) (punctures on elytra arranged into longitudinal striae in  G. (A.) subgeminata (Fig. 2A )), apical process of aedeagus apically narrow and apical margin narrowly rounded (Figs 5B, 6B) (apical process of aedeagus apically wider and apical margin widely rounded in  G. (A.) subgeminata (Fig. 3B )), wide gonocoxae with irregular apical margin (Figs 5D, 6D) (slender goncoxae with angular apices in  G. (A.) subgeminata (Fig. 3D )), dense, short setae along outer margins of ventrite VIII (Figs 5E, 6E) (sparse short setae along outer margins of ventrite VIII in  G. (A.) subgeminata (Fig. 3E )), more slender spermatheca (Figs 5F, 6F) (relatively wider spermatheca in  G. (A.) subgeminata (Fig. 3F )). </p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Fabaceae :  Pueraria sp. (Lee and Cheng 2007) and  Pueraria montana var. montana (Lour.) Merr. (Fig. 7A) (Frye et al. 2007; present study). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) tredecimmaculata populations are presumed to be univoltine and females are ovoviviparous. In Taiwan, overwintered adults appeared during early March. The females deposited larvae that were enclosed within the chorion (Fig. 7B), and they hatched after several hours (Fig. 7C). The larvae fed on leaves and the larval duration was eight days. Mature larvae (Fig. 7D) burrowed into soil and built underground chambers for pupation. Duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 7E) was 12 days. Newly emerged adults (Fig. 7F) appeared in mid-April. The biology of this species in In Jiangxi, China (Shen and Xue 1986) is similar to that of Taiwanese populations. However, overwintered adults appeared during late April. The larvae required ten to 12 days in May to mature and pupal duration was 13 to 16 days. The adults emerged during early June. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Genetic distance analyses showed that the genetic divergence between the China clade (  G. tredecimmaculata (Jacoby, 1888)) and Taiwan clade (including  G. tredecimmaculatus var. taiwanensis Achard, 1924,  G. ohmomoi Cho et al. 2016, and  G. riyuetanensis Cho et al. 2016) of  G. tredecimmmaculata has not reached to species level. In the field, adults of Taiwanese populations are found in lowlands and are monophagous on  Pueraria montana . Thus, niche separation does not occur to these populations. The data support the hypothesis that they are members of the same species level lineage. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China, Taiwan.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F48034F44665EE19EAD81AEF20F0BAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Hsieh, Chia-Hung	Lee, Chi-Feng, Hsieh, Chia-Hung (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the leaf-beetle genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836 in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Gonioctenini) reveals new synonymies and one new species. ZooKeys 1120: 1-46, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526
67941529ED425AFAA5A4E164365834BE.text	67941529ED425AFAA5A4E164365834BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) fulva (Motschulsky 1861)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) fulva (Motschulsky, 1861)</p>
            <p>Figs 8D-F, 22</p>
            <p> Spartophila fulva Motschulsky, 1861: 41 (China: Heilongjiang). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta fulva : Kraatz 1879: 136 (catalogue of Heilongjiang); Heyden 1887: 262 (Korea); Weise 1893: 1127 (key);  Chûjô 1941: 74 (Korea). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (s. str.) fulvus : Weise 1916: 177 (Catalogue); Chen 1935: 127 (catalogue) </p>
            <p> Phytodecta fulvus : Winkler 1930: 1294 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) fulva : Gressitt &amp; Kimoto, 1963: 364 (China: Jilin, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Russia: Siberia); Takizawa 1980: 5 (Korea); Lee and An 2001: 101 (Korea); Cho and Lee 2008: 105 (Korea); Kippenberg 2010: 432 (China: Guandong, Hubei, Jiangxi; Russia: East Siberia, Far East); Yang et al. 2015: 52 (China: Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Hunan). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena fulva : Takizawa 1985: 6 (Korea); Sergeev 2019: 14 (Russia: Popov Island). </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p> Lectotype ♀ (here designated, ZMUM): "Type [h, w] // Amur. [p, r] //  Spartophila /  Spartophila fulva Motsch / Amur. mu. [h, w] // LECTOTYPUS /  Spartophila fulva / Motschulsky, 1861 / des. H.W. Cho 2014 [p, r] // (Russian letters) // No ZMMU Col 03055 / Zool. Mus. Mosq. Univ. / (Mosquae, ROSSIA) / ex coll. V. I. Motschulsky [p, pink label]". The paralecrotype it is badly damaged, and its internal parts are destroyed by dermestids: "  Spartophila /  Spartophila fulva Motsch. / fl. Amur. [h, w] // PARALECTOTYPUS /  Spartophila fulva / Motschulsky, 1861 / des. H.W. Cho 2014 [p, r]. The lecotype and paralectotype were designated in  Cho’s dissertation (2016), but not published. </p>
            <p>Other material (n = 17).</p>
            <p>  China. Heilongjiang: 1♂ (NMHUK),  Erlungshan , 29.V.1966, leg. P. M. Hammond  ;   1♀ (NMHUK),  Habrin City (哈爾濱市), 10.VI.1950  ; 5♂, 1♀ (NMHUK), same but with  “22.VI.1952” ;   1♂, 1♀ (NMHUK), same but with  “29.VI.1952” ; North Korea.   2♂ (TARI), Husen-Valley,  Kankyo-Nando , 14.VII.1937, leg. Y. Yano  ;   5♂, 2♀ (TARI), Mt. Myoko (=  Mt. Myohyang ,  妙香山 ), 25.VII.1937, leg. M. Yamada  ;   South Korea. 1♀ (TARI),  Suigen , Keiki-Do, 3.VI.1933, leg. D. Okamoto  ;  Russia Far East .   1♀ (MNHUK), Primorskii krai  Lazovski Zapovehik , 3-14.V.2001, leg. M. Quest. </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p> Length 4.3-5.0 mm, width 2.8-3.5 mm. Body color (Fig. 8D-F) black; antennomeres I-IV, pronotum and elytra yellowish brown. Antennae (Fig. 22A) with antennomere III-V slender, VI slightly swollen, VII and VIII moderately swollen, IX and X strongly swollen, XI elongate oval, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.4: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.5: 0.5: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.5: 1.9: 2.8: 2.2: 1.6: 1.0: 1.1: 1.0: 1.0: 1.0: 1.5. Pronotum 2.2-2.3  × wider than long, lateral margins widest at base, convergent anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced. Anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins barely visible in dorsal view. Trichobothria absent on both anterior and posterior angles. Disc covered with sparse fine punctures and mixed with finer punctures; both sides covered with much larger, denser punctures. Scutellum distinctly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra 1.2  × longer than wide; lateral margins slightly wider posteriorly, widest near middle; humeral calli well developed; disc covered with regular coarse punctures arranged into single stria; interspaces covered with fine, sparse punctures. Hind wing well developed. Aedeagus (Fig. 22B, C) with apical process slender but short in dorsal view, 0.2  × as long as aedeagus; lateral margins slightly narrowed in basal 1/3; moderately curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite extremely elongate. Gonocoxae (Fig. 22D) wide, apical margin irregular, with several long setae along apical margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 22E) transverse, with several long setae along outer margin. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 22F) slightly swollen, not separated from pump; pump long and curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct moderately short. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Adults of  Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) fulva are similar to yellowish brown adults of  G. (B.) scutellaris but differ in possessing a black head, thoracic and abdominal ventrites (Fig. 8E) (yellowish brown head, thoracic and abdominal ventrites in  G. (B.) scutellaris (Fig. 8B )) and short apical process of aedeagus (Fig. 22B) (extremely elongate apical process of aedeagus in  G. (B.) scutellaris (Fig. 10B )). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China, Korea, Russia.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/67941529ED425AFAA5A4E164365834BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Hsieh, Chia-Hung	Lee, Chi-Feng, Hsieh, Chia-Hung (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the leaf-beetle genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836 in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Gonioctenini) reveals new synonymies and one new species. ZooKeys 1120: 1-46, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526
432D91A423A65330A51FE3236898EF42.text	432D91A423A65330A51FE3236898EF42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui Lee & Hsieh 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 9D-F, 12, 13</p>
            <p> Gonioctena issikii : Ge et al. 2007: 582 (aedeagus); Cho 2016: 95 (redescription). Misidentification </p>
            <p>Types (n = 95).</p>
            <p> Holotype ♂ (TARI): TAIWAN. Nantou: Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), 3.VII.2014, leg. F.-S. Huang,  變葉新木薑子 (  Neolitsea aciculata var. variabillima )  噴霧 (fogging). Paratypes. Nantou: 3♂, 4♀ (TARI), Lienhuachih (蓮華池), 7.V.2016, leg. C.-J. Liu; 5♂ (TARI), same but with  “21.V.2016” , reared from larvae; 5♂, 5♀ (TARI), same locality, 10.V.2016, leg. H. Lee; 9♂, 9♀ (TARI), same but with  “20.V.2017” ; 5♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 12.V.2016, leg. P.-H. Li; 2♀ (TARI), same locality, 22.III.2018, leg. J.-C. Chen; 3♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 25.V.2019, leg. B.-H. Ho; 9♂, 15♀ (TARI), same locality, 20.IV.2020, leg. C.-F. Lee; 12♂, 7♀ (TARI), same but with  “3.VI.2020” ; 1♂, 3♀ (TARI), same locality, 16.IV.2021, leg. W.-C. Liao. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Length 5.3-6.1 mm, width 3.2-3.9 mm. Body color (Fig. 9D-F) blackish brown; antennomeres I-V, sides of pronotum and hypomeron yellowish brown; elytra with wide yellowish brown outer margins and suture. Antennae (Fig. 12A) with antennomere III slender, IV and V slightly swollen, VI and VII moderately swollen, VIII-X strongly swollen, XI elongate oval, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.5: 0.4: 0.4: 0.5: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 1.0, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.1: 1.5: 2.2: 1.6: 1.5: 1.0: 1.0: 1.0: 1.1: 1.0: 1.8. Pronotum 2.3  × wider than long, lateral margins widest at base, convergent anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced; anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins barely visible in dorsal view; trichobothria absent on both anterior and posterior angles; disc covered with sparse fine punctures and mixed with finer punctures; both sides covered with much larger, denser punctures. Scutellum distinctly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra 1.3  × longer than wide; lateral margins slightly wider posteriorly, widest near middle; humeral calli well developed; disc covered with rather regular coarse punctures arranged into single stria; interspaces covered with fine, sparse punctures. Hind wing well developed. Aedeagus (Fig. 12B. C) with apical process wide and short in dorsal view, 0.1  × as long as aedeagus; lateral margins slightly narrowed in basal 1/3; strongly curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite extremely elongate. Gonocoxae (Fig. 12D) narrow, but apically narrowed, with few long setae along apical margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 12E) transverse, with several long setae along outer margin. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 12F) slightly swollen, not separated from pump; pump short and curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct moderately short. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other consubgeneric species,  G. (B.) scutellaris , by the following combination of the characters: black head, most of pronotum (Fig. 9D), and thoracic and abdominal ventrites (Fig. 9E) (yellowish brown head and pronotum (Figs 8A, 9A), thoracic and abdominal ventrites (Figs 8B, 9B) in  G. (B.) scutellaris ), short, wide apical process of aedeagus (Fig. 12B, C) (extremely elongate apical process of aedeagus in  G. (B.) scutellaris (Fig. 10B, C), and narrow gonocoxae covered with fewer setae (wide gonocoxae covered with more setae in  G. (B.) scutellaris ). </p>
            <p> Although Ge et al. (2007) drew only the aedeagi in dorsal and lateral views when  G. issikii was mentioned, it is easily identified as this new species. Cho (2016) redescibed  G. issikii in detail but it actually fits perfectly this new species. The type specimen was not studied by these authors mentioned above. </p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Fabaceae :  Ormosia formosana Kanehira (new record, present study). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) liui populations are presumed to be multivoltine during spring, and females are ovoviviparous. Host plants are one of only a few woody  Fabaceae in Taiwan. They grow 7-9 m high (Fig. 13A). They started blooming during April (Fig. 13B). Most adults (Fig. 13F) and larvae were collected from flower buds (Fig. 13C). Females deposited larvae and the larvae (Fig. 13D) fed on internal tissues of the flower buds through holes chewed by adults. They preferred to feed on the flower buds rather than young sprouts. The larval duration was eight days. Mature larvae (Fig. 13D) burrowed into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation. The duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 13E) was nine days at room temperature. Flowering season of the host plant occurs from April to June (Huang and Ohashi 1993), but the blooming period for individual trees is less than a month. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The host plant is an endemic and rare species in Taiwan that is restricted to the central regions (Huang and Ohashi 1993). Few insects utilize it as a foodplant. The only species documented until now is a skipper,  Hasora anura taiwana Hsu et al. 2005 (  Lepidoptera ), which is monophagous on  Ormosia formosana Kanehira as a larval foodplant (Hsu et al. 2005). </p>
            <p>Entomology.</p>
            <p>The species name is dedicated to Mr. Cheng-Jr Liu (呂晟智) who collected types and discovered the host plant.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>This new species is restricted to Central Taiwan.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/432D91A423A65330A51FE3236898EF42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Hsieh, Chia-Hung	Lee, Chi-Feng, Hsieh, Chia-Hung (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the leaf-beetle genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836 in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Gonioctenini) reveals new synonymies and one new species. ZooKeys 1120: 1-46, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526
FB00E6380FD858F195AB27478DCFDD56.text	FB00E6380FD858F195AB27478DCFDD56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly 1862	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris Baly, 1862 stat. rev.</p>
            <p>Figs 8A-C, 9A-C, 10, 11</p>
            <p> Gonioctena scutellaris Baly, 1862: 27 (North China); Gressitt and Kimoto 1963: 364 (as synonym of  G. fulva ; misidentification). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (s. str.) scutellaris : Weise 1916: 181 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta scutellaris : Chen 1934: 73. </p>
            <p> Asiphytodecta scutellaris : Chen and Young 1941: 206 (key) </p>
            <p> Gonioctena thoracica Baly, 1862: 27 (North China); Gressitt and Kimoto 1963: 364 (as synonym of  G. fulva ; misidentification). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (s. str.) thoracicus : Weise 1916: 181 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta thoracicus : Chen 1934: 73. </p>
            <p> Asiphytodecta thoracicus : Chen and Young 1941: 206 (key) </p>
            <p> Gonioctena dichroa Fairmaire, 1888: 153 (China: Jiangxi); synonymized with  P. thoracicus by Chen (1934). Synonym confirmed </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (s. str.) dichrous : Weise 1916: 181 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (Asiphytodecta) issikii Chûjô , 1958: 69 (Taiwan). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) issikii : Kimoto 1969: 22 (additional records in Taiwan) </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Brchyphytodecta) issikii : Gruev 1989: 54; Kimoto and Chu 1996: 53 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 369 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena issikii : Takizawa et al. 1995: 7 (additional records in Taiwan) </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Brchyphytodecta) foochowensis Gruev, 1989: 53 (China: Fujian); Ge 2010: 66 (as synonym of  G. fulva ; misidentification). Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena scutellaris . Lectotype ♂ (NMHUK, here designated to clarify its identity among other synonyms): "Type [h, w] // Type / H. T. [p, w, circle card with red border] // Baly Coll. [p, w] //  Gonioctena /  Gonioctena scutellaris / Baly / N: China [h, b]". </p>
            <p> Gonioctena thoracica . Lectotype ♂ (NMHUK, here designated for clarifying its identify with other synonyms): "(aedeagus preserved inside a small container) // Type [h, w] // Type / H. T. [p, w, circle card with red border] // Baly Coll. [p, w] //  Gonioctena /  Gonioctena thoracica / Baly / N: China [h, b] //  Gonioctena /  Gonioctena thoracica Baly [h] / det. H.W. Cho 2013 [p, w] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle card with blue border]". Paralectotype: 1♀ (NMHUK): "Type [h, w] // Baly Coll. [p, w] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle card with blue border]". </p>
            <p> Gonioctena dichroa . Syntypes: 1♂ (MNHN): "MUSEUM PARIS / KIANG-SI / A. DAVID 1875 [p, w] // 406 / 75 [h, w, circle label] //  Gonioctena /  Gonioctena dichroa / m. [h, w] // TYPE [p, w, red letters] // SYNTYPE [p, r] //  Gonioctena /  Gonioctena dichora Frm. / rev. M. Daccordi, 2005 [p, w] //  Gonioctena Gonioctena dichora / Fiarmiare, 1888 / det. H.W. Cho 2014 [p, w] // MNHN, Pairs / EC14213 [p, w]"; 1♀ (MNHN): "MUSEUM PARIS / KIANG-SI / A. DAVID 1875 [p, w] // 406 / 75 [h, w, circle label] // 288 [h, green label] // SYNTYPE [p, r] //  Gonioctena Gonioctena dichora / Fiarmiare, 1888 / det. H.W. Cho 2014 [p, w] // MNHN, Pairs / EC14214 [p, w]". Fairmaire (1888) indicated that this species was described in Beijing (= Pekin) but both types actually were collected from Jiangxi (= Kiang-Si). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (Asiphytodecta) issikii . Holotype ♂ (TARI, original designation): "Baibara [h] (= Meiyuan,  眉原 ) / FORMOSA [p] / 24.III.1943 [h] / COL. [p] S. Issiki [h, w] //  Phytodecta /  Phytodecta issikii / /  Chûjô [h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, w] // Holo / Type [h, w; circle card with red letters and border but fade out] // 695 [p, w]". </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Brchyphytodecta) foochowensis . Holotype ♀ (NMHUK, original designation): "CHINA / Foochow / C. R. Kelloqq [h, w] // Field No. [p] / 980 [h, w] //  Phytodecta / sp [h] / Det. G. E. Bryant. [p] // Brit. Mus. / 198[p]1-315 [h, w] //  Gonioctena /  Gonioctena foochowensis / Gruev [p, w] // HOLOTYPE [p, r] //  Gonioctena dichroa / Fairmaire, 1888 / det. H.W. Cho 2014 [p, w]". </p>
            <p>Other material (n = 150).</p>
            <p> China. Fujian: 5♂, 8♀ (NMHUK), Foochow (福州), 1935-1938, leg. M. S. Yang ;  Taiwan. Nantou: 2♂, 1♀ (TARI), Lienhuachih (蓮華池), 28.IV.2016, leg. A. Li ;   Kinmen: Kinmen  Island (金門): 14♂, 7♀ (TARI), Tsaitso trail (蔡厝古道), 20.IV.2021, leg. C.-F. Lee  ; 4♂, 1♀ (TARI), Taiwushan (太武山), 14.IV.2011, leg. Y.-J. Chang;   1♀ (TARI), same but with  “6.V.2011” ; 5♂, 2♀ (TARI), same but with  “19.IV.2015” ; 2♂, 4♀ (TARI), same but with  “29-30.IV.2015” ; 24♂, 23♀ (TARI), same locality, 8.IV.2021, leg. C.-F. Lee  ;   23♂, 27♀ (TARI), same but with  “15.IV.2021” ;  Dadan Island (大膽島): 1♀ (TARI), 9.V.2016, leg. Y.-J. Chang  ;   Matsu Islands: 1♂, 2♀ (TARI),  Beigan Island (北竿), 1.V.2018, leg. H.-T. Fang  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Nangan Island (南竿), 24.V.2009, leg. U. Ong. </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p> Length 5.3-6.4 mm, width 3.5-4.0 mm. Body color (Fig. 8A, B) yellowish brown; antennomeres V-XI, legs, and scutellum black. Antennae (Fig. 10A) with antennomere III slender, IV-VI slightly swollen, VII moderately swollen, VIII-X strongly swollen, XI elongate oval, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.6: 0.6: 0.4: 0.4: 0.4: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.3: 1.9: 2.4: 1.7: 1.6: 1.0: 1.1: 1.1: 0.9: 0.9: 1.7. Pronotum 2.2-2.3  × wider than long, lateral margins widest at base, convergent anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced; anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins barely visible in dorsal view; trichobothria absent on both anterior and posterior angles; disc covered with sparse fine punctures and mixed with finer punctures; both sides covered with much larger, denser punctures. Scutellum distinctly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra 1.1-1.2  × longer than wide; lateral margins slightly wider posteriorly, widest near middle; humeral calli well developed; disc covered with rather regular coarse punctures arranged into single stria; interspaces covered with fine, sparse punctures. Hind wing well developed. Aedeagus (Fig. 10B, C) with apical process extremely slender and elongate in dorsal view, 0.5  × as long as aedeagus; lateral margins slightly narrowed in basal 1/3; strongly curved at basal 1/3 in lateral view; endophallic sclerite extremely elongate. Gonocoxae (Fig. 10D) wide, but apical margin irregular, with several long setae along apical margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 10E) transverse, with several long setae along outer margin. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 10F) slightly swollen, not separated from pump; pump short and curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct moderately short. </p>
            <p>Variations.</p>
            <p> Many adults possess black elytra with wide yellowish brown borders (Fig. 9A-C) that were described as  Gonioctena foochowensis and  G. issikii . Some with the elytra entirely black were described as  G. dichroa (Fig. 8C) and  G. thoracica . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris can be distinguished from the other consubgeneric species,  G. (B.) liui sp. nov. by the following combination of the characters: yellowish brown head and pronotum (Figs 8A, C, 9A), thoracic and abdominal ventrites (Figs 8B, 9B) (black head and most parts of pronotum (Fig. 9D), thoracic and abdominal ventrites (Fig. 9E) in  G. (B.) liui sp. nov.), extremely elongate apical process of aedeagus (Fig. 10B, C) (short, wide apical process of aedeagus in  G. (B.) liui sp. nov. (Fig. 12B, C )), and wide gonocoxae covered with more setae (Fig. 10D) (narrow gonoxae covered with fewer setae in  G. (B.) liui sp. nov. (Fig. 12D )). </p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Fabaceae :  Callerya reticulata (Benth.) Schot (new record, present study) </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) scutellaris are presumed to be multivoltine during spring and females are oviparous. In Taiwan, this species seems rare due to unpredictable sprouting times of host plants. Mr. Alex Li (李志穎) collected some adults (Fig. 11F) and mature larvae on April 28, 2016, at Lienhuachih (蓮華池). However, we could not find this species around the same season in the following years because host plants had not sprouted. For example, we could not find sprouts of the host plants in late May 2021 at that location. The populations in small islands are more stable, where host plants began to sprout, and overwintered female laid eggs during middle of March 2021 in Kinmen Islands. They laid 12 eggs into two rows on very young leaves (Fig. 11A). Larvae hatched in three-four days. Early instar larvae (Fig. 11B) fed gregariously on young leaves but became solitary as they matured. The larval duration was nine days. Mature larvae (Fig. 11C) burrowed into soil and built underground chambers for pupation. Duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 11D) was nine days. The newly emerged adults (Fig. 11F) appeared during early April and females started to lay eggs after a week. In Jiangxi, China, females began to lay eggs first and then laid larvae in early April (Zhang and Shen 1984). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Chen (1934) regarded  G. dichroa as synonym of  G. thoracica . Gressitt and Kimoto (1963) synonymized  G. thoracica and  G. scutellaris with  G. fulva . Ge (2010) treated  G. foochowensis as a synonym of  G. fulva . After examining aedeagi of these species, we concluded that  G. scutellaris is a distinct species, which is removed from synonymy with  G. fulva . Moreover,  G. dichora ,  G. thoracica , and  G. foochowensis are conspecific with  G. scutellaris . We found that  G. issikii is also a junior synonym of  G. scutellaris . The typical color form (entirely yellowish brown elytra) is extremely rare in Kinmen and Matsu islands, and Taiwan. Only three specimens of such form were collected from Kinmen Island (金門島) and Dadan Island (大膽島). Many larvae were brought from Kinmen Island into the laboratory for rearing during March 2021. Only one specimen with the typical color form was among more than 50 adults reared from larvae. In addition, although no specimens of this form were collected from Taiwan, photographs of this form were taken at Darken (大坑), Taichng in May 1, 2020 (Fig. 11E) by Hsien Chung Liu (劉獻宗). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> China, Taiwan, including Kinmen Islands (Kinmen Island  金門島 , Dadan Island  大膽島 ) and Matsu Islands (Kaoteng Island  高登島 , Beigan Island  北竿島 , and Nangan Island  南竿島 , new records). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB00E6380FD858F195AB27478DCFDD56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Hsieh, Chia-Hung	Lee, Chi-Feng, Hsieh, Chia-Hung (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the leaf-beetle genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836 in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Gonioctenini) reveals new synonymies and one new species. ZooKeys 1120: 1-46, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526
D314E487A90150F687301A39E19BFD37.text	D314E487A90150F687301A39E19BFD37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonioctena (Sinomela) nigroplagiata Baly 1862	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gonioctena (Sinomela) nigroplagiata Baly, 1862</p>
            <p>Figs 17, 18, 19</p>
            <p> Gonioctena nigroplagata [sic!] Baly, 1862: 28 (Japan). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta nigroplagiata : Jacoby 1885: 210 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (s. str.) nigroplagiatus : Weise 1916: 178 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta nigroplagiatus : Winkler 1930: 1296 (catalogue); Chen 1934: 74 (China). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (Sinomela) nigroplagiatus : Chen 1935: 129 (catalogue); Chen 1936: 87 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Sinomela) nigroplagiatus :  Chûjô and Kimoto 1961 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Sinomela) nigroplagiata : Gressitt and Kimoto 1963: 366 (catalogue); Kimoto 1964: 280 (catalogue); Takizawa 1976: 464 (larva); Takizawa 2007: 45 (aedeagus and color polymorphism); Kippenberg 2010: 436 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 55 (catalogue); Cho 2016: 294 (redescription). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta robusta Jacoby, 1885: 209 (Japan); synonymized by  Chûjô and Kimoto (1961). Synonym confirmed. </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (s. str.) robustus : Weise 1916: 181 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta robustus : Winkler 1930: 1296 (catalogue). </p>
            <p> Phytodecta (Sinomela) nigroplagiatus var. robustus : Chen 1935: 129 (catalogue); Chen 1936: 87 (catalogue). </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena nigroplagiata . Lectotype ♀ (here designated to clarify identity relative to  G. robusta , NMHUK): "Type [h, w] // Type / H. T. [p, w, circle card with red border] // Baly Coll. [p, w] //  Gonioctena /  Gonioctena nigroplagiata / Baly / Japan [p, b] //  Gonioctena / (  Sinomela ) /  Gonioctena nigroplagiata / (Baly) [h] / Det. S. GE 2004 [p, w]". Paralectotype: 1♀ (NMHUK): "Type [h, w] // Baly Coll. [p, w] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle card with blue border]". </p>
            <p> Phytodecta robusta . Lectotype ♂ (Here designated for to clarify identity relative to  G. nigroplagiata , NMHUK): "Japan / Lewis [h, w] // SYN- / TYPE [p, w, circle card with blue border] // Jacoby Coll. / 1909-28a. [p, w] //  Gonioctena robusta Jac [h, b]". Paralectotype: 1♀ (TARI): "Hiogo / JAPAN / 8.VI.1881 / Col. G. Lewis [h, w] // CO / Type [p, w, circle card with yellow letters and border] //  Phytodecta /  Phytodecta robustus / Jacoby [h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, w] //  Phytodecta /  Phytodecta robusta Jac [h] / Det. T. Shiraki [p, w] // 1636 [p, w]". </p>
            <p>Other material (n = 95).</p>
            <p>  Taiwan. Matsu islands: 17♂, 17♀ (TARI),  Nangan (南竿), 7.VI.2017, leg. T.-C. Chen  ;  23♂, 35♀ (TARI), same locality, 8.VI.2017, leg. Y.-L. Liu ;  1♀ (TARI), same locality, 28.VI.2017, leg. H.-T. Fang ;   1♂, 1♀ (TARI),  Beigan (北竿), 18.IV.2020  , C.-H. Tsieh. </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p> Length 6.1-7.3 mm, width 3.8-4.7 mm. Body color (Fig. 17G-I) yellowish brown; scutellum black; elytra with three pairs of black spots arranged as follows: posterior pair largest at apical 1/3, transverse, from near suture to near lateral margins, extending posteriorly near lateral margins; two pairs of black spots near basal margin, one oval to oblong pair near suture, the other on humeral calli, triangular, anteriorly narrowed. Meso- and metathorcic and abdominal ventrites darker. Antennae (Fig. 18A) with antennomere III-IV slender, V-VI slightly swollen, VII-X moderately swollen, XI elongate oval, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.3: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.2: 1.9: 2.7: 2.1: 1.0: 1.5: 1.5: 1.4: 1.3: 1.1: 2.0. Pronotum 2.3-2.4  × wider than long, lateral margins widest at base, convergent anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced; anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins barely visible in dorsal view; trichobothria present on anterior and posterior angles; disc covered with sparse fine punctures and mixed with finer punctures; both sides covered with much larger, denser punctures. Scutellum distinctly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra 1.1  × longer than wide; lateral margins slightly wider posteriorly, widest near middle, convergent posteriorly; humeral calli well developed; disc covered with regular coarse punctures arranged into single stria; interspaces covered with fine, sparse punctures. Hind wing well developed. Aedeagus (Fig. 18B, C) with apical margin widely rounded and medially notched, anterior angles acutely hooked, lateral margins slightly narrowed at basal 1/3; moderately curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite short, apex narrowly rounded in dorsal view, acute process in lateral view. Gonocoxae (Fig. 18D) wide, apical margins irregular, with dense long setae along apical margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 18E) transverse and membranous, with dense long setae along outer margin. Spermatheca reduced. </p>
            <p>Variations.</p>
            <p>Black areas on dorsum and venter are reduced to different degrees in various individuals. Some adults have smaller black spots arranged into four pairs on the elytra, with only the central part of the scutellum blackish brown, and only the meso- and metathoracic ventrites darker (Fig. 17D-F). Pale adults have entirely yellowish brown bodies (Fig. 17A-C).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Sinomela) nigroplagiata is easily separated from the other consubgeneric species,  G. (S.) osawai by the following combination of the characters: no black spots on the dorsum, none or three or four pairs of black spots on the elytra (Figs 17) (one pair of black spots on pronotum and five pairs of black spots on elytra in  G. (S.) osawai (Fig. 14G); wide antennomere V, width subequal to length (Fig. 18A) (elongate antennomere V, more than 2.0  × longer than wide in  G. (S.) osawai (Fig. 20A )); narrowly rounded apex of endophallic sclerites (Fig. 18B) (bifurcate and asymmetrical apices of endophallic sclerites in  G. (S.) osawai (Fig. 20B )); wide gonocoxae covered with more setae (Fig. 18D) (narrow gonocoxae covered with fewer setae in  G. (S.) osawai (Fig. 20D )); membranous ventrite VII with dense setae along apical margin (Fig. 18E) (slightly sclerotized ventrites VIII with dense setae only on apices in  G. (S.) osawai (Fig. 20E )). </p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Cannabaceae :  Celtis sinensis Pers. (  Chûjô and Kimoto 1961; present study) (Fig. 19A). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p>A mass outbreak of adults of this species occurred on Matsu Islands during June 2017. The large numbers of beetles made local citizens nervous and made the news. A number of specimens were sent to the authors for identification. Mr. Hua-Te Fang (方華德) collected larvae (Fig. 19B) on 15 April 2021 at the locality. Mature larvae burrowed into soil and built underground chambers for pupation (Fig. 19C) on 22 April. The first adults emerged from soil on 2 May and were entirely yellowish brown (Fig. 19D). Black spots appeared after three days in some individuals and become stable within five days (Fig. 19E, F). No adults were observed in the field by Mr. Fang on 11 May, 29 September, and 21 October. This species is presumed to be univoltine, and larvae are active only during spring.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The original spelling in the original description (Baly 1862) is incorrectly printed as "  Gonioctena nigroplagata ". It is obviously a typographical error and the correct spelling is "  Gonioctena nigroplagiata ". </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> China, Japan, Taiwan (only on Matsu Islands, including Beigan Island北竿島and Nangan Island  南竿島 ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D314E487A90150F687301A39E19BFD37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Hsieh, Chia-Hung	Lee, Chi-Feng, Hsieh, Chia-Hung (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the leaf-beetle genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836 in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Gonioctenini) reveals new synonymies and one new species. ZooKeys 1120: 1-46, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526
48474EC347BA5A27A614B4252EC7244B.text	48474EC347BA5A27A614B4252EC7244B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonioctena (Sinomela) osawai Kimoto 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gonioctena (Sinomela) osawai Kimoto, 1996</p>
            <p>Figs 14G-I, 20, 21</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Sinomela) osawai Kimoto, 1996: 29 (Taiwan); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 370 (catalogue); Kippenberg 2010: 436 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 55 (catalogue). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Holotype (sex undetermined, KMNH):   "Nr Liukuei [p] (六龜)  溪南山 [h] (Chinanshan) / Kaohsiung Hs. Taiwan [p] / 20 I[h]V 19[p]91[h] / W. Chen leg (Osawa) [p, w] // PHOTO [p, r] // HOLOTYPE [p, r] //  Gonioctena /  Gonioctena osawai / Kimoto, n. sp [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p, w] // 2001822IR02 [p, w] // KMNHIR200,093 [p, w]". This holotype was deposited originally at the Biohistory Research Hall, Takatsuki, Osaka (Kimoto 1996). Now it is transferred to the KMNH  . </p>
            <p>Other material (n = 36).</p>
            <p>  Taiwan. Kaohsiung: 1♂ (TARI),  Hsiaokuanshan (小關山), 15.V.2016, leg. B.-X. Guo  ;   Pingtung: 2♀ (TARI),  Chichia (七佳), 27.VII.2018, leg. Y.-T. Chung  ; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with  “17.VII.2019” ;  2♂, 2♀ (TARI), same locality, 18.VII.2019, leg. B.-X. Guo ;   1♀ (TARI),  Lilungshan (里龍山), 4.VIII.2009, leg. J.-C. Chen  ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with  “15.VIII.2009” ;  1♂ (TARI), same locality and date, le.g S.-F. Yu ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with "leg. M.-H. Tsou;   6♂, 2♀ (TARI),  Laochichia (老七佳), 15.VII.2021, leg. Y.-T. Chung  ; 5♂, 6♀ (TARI), same but with  “30.VIII.2021” ;   1♂ (TARI),  Tahanshan (大漢山), 30.V.2012, leg. J.-C. Chen  ;  1♀ (TARI), same locality, 4.VI.2016, leg. Y.-F. Hsu ;  1♂ (TARI), same locality, 14.IV.2020, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p> Length 5.6-6.7 mm, width 3.7-4.7 mm. Body color (Fig. 14G-I) yellowish brown; vertex with one small black spot near center; scutellum black; pronotum with one pair of black spots at sides; elytra with five pairs of black spots, arranged as follows: three pairs near sides, one pair on humeral calli, one pair at middle, the other at apical 1/4; two pairs near suture, one pair at basal 1/3, the other at apical 1/3. Meso- and metathoracic ventrites black. Antennae (Fig. 20A) with antennomere III and IV slender, V and VI slightly swollen, VII-X moderately swollen, XI elongate oval, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.9, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.8: 1.9: 2.7: 2.2: 2.1: 1.8: 1.5: 1.6: 1.6: 1.4: 2.2. Pronotum 2.0-2.2  × wider than long, lateral margins widest at base, convergent anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced. Anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins barely visible in dorsal view. Trichobothria present on anterior and posterior angles. Disc covered with sparse fine punctures mixed with finer punctures; both sides covered with much larger, denser punctures. Scutellum distinctly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra 1.2  × longer than wide; lateral margins slightly wider posteriorly, widest near middle, convergent posteriorly; humeral calli well developed; disc covered with regular coarse punctures arranged into single stria; interspaces covered with fine, sparse punctures. Hind wing well developed. Aedeagus (Fig. 20B, C) with apical margin widely rounded and medially notched, anterior angles acutely hooked, lateral margins slightly narrowed at basal 1/3; moderately curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite short, apically bifurcate, right apical process twisted anteriorly and obliquely in dorsal view, recurved in lateral view; left apical process recurved and turned left. Gonocoxae (Fig. 20D) slender, apical margins apically narrowed, with dense long setae along outer and apical margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 20E) transverse, with dense long setae at apical areas. Spermatheca reduced. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Sinomela) osawai is easily separated from the other consubgeneric species,  G. (S.) nigroplagiata by the following combination of the characters: one pair of black spots on pronotum and five pairs of black spots on the elytra (Fig. 14G) (no black spots on the dorsum, or three or four pairs of black spots on the elytra in  G. (S.) nigroplagiata (Fig. 17 )); elongate antennomere V, more than 2.0  × longer than wide (Fig. 20A) (wide antennomere V, width subequal to length in  G. (S.) nigroplagiata (Fig. 18A )); bifurcate and asymmetric apices of endophallic sclerites (Fig. 20B) (narrowly rounded apex of endophallic sclerites in  G. (S.) nigroplagiata (Fig. 18B )); narrow gonocoxae covered with fewer setae (Fig. 20D) (wide gonocoxae covered with more setae n in  G. (S.) nigroplagiata (Fig. 18D )); slightly sclertozied ventrites VIII with dense setae only on apices (Fig. 20E) (membranous ventrite VII with dense setae along apical margin in  G. (S.) nigroplagiata (Fig. 18E )). </p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Cannabaceae :  Celtis biondii Pamp. (Fig. 21A; present study). </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (Sinomela) osawai populations are presumed to be univoltine during summer and females are ovoviviparous. Sprouting season of the host plant is during summer. Adults (Fig. 21F) were found and brought into the laboratory on 15 July 2021. Females deposited larvae (Fig. 21B) the following day. The larval duration (Fig. 21B-D) was 12 days. Mature larvae (Fig. 21D) burrowed into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation. The duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 21E) was 13 days. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>South Taiwan (Kaohsiung and Pingtung counties).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48474EC347BA5A27A614B4252EC7244B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Hsieh, Chia-Hung	Lee, Chi-Feng, Hsieh, Chia-Hung (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the leaf-beetle genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836 in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Gonioctenini) reveals new synonymies and one new species. ZooKeys 1120: 1-46, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526
08A7B1F5C91756E2B10637414A88ED3E.text	08A7B1F5C91756E2B10637414A88ED3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gonioctena kamikawai (Chujo 1958)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Gonioctena (s. str.) kamikawai (
Chujo
, 1958)
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            <p>Figs 14A-F, 15, 16</p>
            <p> Phytodecta (s. str.) kamikawai Chûjô , 1958: 72 (Taiwan). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena (s. str.) kamikawai : Kimoto 1969: 22 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto 1986: 56 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto and Chu 1996: 53 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 369 (catalogue); Wang et al. 1998: 49 (China: Fujian); Cho and Borowiec 2006: 179 (aedeagus); Kippenberg 2010: 433 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 50 (catalogue); Cho 2016: 185 (redescription). </p>
            <p> Gonioctena kamikawai : Kimoto 1987: 187 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto 1989: 247 (additional records in Taiwan); Takizawa et al. 1995: 7 (additional records in Taiwan). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Holotype   ♂ (TARI, original designation): "  Hoorin [h] (= Fenglin,  鳳林 ) / FORMOSA [p] / 10.VIII.1934 [h] / COL. [p] M. Kamikawa [h, w] //  Phytodecta /  Phytodecta kamikawai /  Chûjô [h] / DET. M. CHUJO [p, w] // Holo / Type [h, w; circle card with red letters and border but fade out] // 697 [p, w]"  . </p>
            <p>Other material (n = 77).</p>
            <p>  Taiwan. Hsinchu: 1♀ (TARI),  Lupi (魯壁), 12.III.2009, leg. H. Lee  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Mamei (馬美), 4.V.2008, leg. S.-F. Yu  ;   1♀ (TARI),  Wufeng (五峰), 17.III.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu  ;   Hualien: 1♂ (TARI),  Jinma tunnel (金馬隧道), 5.V.2014, leg. J.-F. Tsai  ;   1♂, 1♂ (TARI),  Pilu (碧綠), 17.V.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou  ;  7♂, 2♀ (TARI), same locality, 1.VI.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee ;  2♀ (TARI), same locality, 22.VI.2009, leg. U. Ong ;   Ilan :   1♀ (TARI),  Fushan Botanical Park (福山植物園), 8.V.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Suchi trail (四季林道), 19.V.2010, leg. H.-J. Chen  ;   Kaohsiung: 2♂ (TARI),  Chungchihkuan (中之關), 3.VII.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Erhchituan (二集團), 1.IV.2015, leg. B.-X. Guo  ;   2♂ (TARI),  Tengchih (藤枝), 2-5.VI.2008, leg. C.-F. Lee  ;  1♂ (TARI), same locality, 2.X.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “26.V.2009” ;  1♂ (TARI), same locality, 19.III.2013, leg. Y.-T. Chung ;  1♂ (TARI), same locality, 8.II.2014, leg. W.-C. Liao ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with  “28.III.2015” ;   1♂ (TARI),  Tona trail (多納林道), 13.II.2013, leg. B.-X. Guo  ;  3♂ (TARI), same locality, 3.II.2013, leg. W.-C. Liao ;   Nantou: 1♂ (TARI),  Chingching (清境), 6.IV.2010, leg. Y.-T. Wang  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Kuantaoshan (關刀山), 19.IV.2014, leg. Y.-L. Lin  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Tatachia (塔塔加), 9.VI.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee  ;   2♂ (TARI), same but with  “27.IV.2010” ; Pingtung  :   2♀ (TARI),  Tahanshan (大漢山), 8.V.2009, leg. U. Ong  ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “1.VIII.2009” ;  1♂, 1♀ (TARI), same locality, 24.IV.2013, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “17.III.2014” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “10.VI.2014” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “24.II.2015” ; 1♂ (TARI), same but with  “14.II.2016” ; 1♀ (TARI), same but with  “9.IV.2018” ;   2♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with  “29.VI.2018” ; Taichung  :   1♂ (TARI),  Piluhsi (畢祿溪), 1.VII.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Sungmao trail (松茂林道), 20.V.2012, leg. T.-H. Lee  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Wuling (武陵), 30.VI.2008, leg. S.-F. Yu  ;   Taipei: 1♀ (TARI),  Manyuehyuan (滿月圓), 7.VI.2010, leg. C.-L. Chiang  ;   Taitung: 1♂ (TARI),  Liyuan (栗園), 23.VI.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou  ;   1♂ (TARI),  Hsiangyang (向陽), 28.III.2014, leg. W.-C. Huang  ;   Taoyuan: 2♂ (TARI),  Hsuanyuan (萱源), 21.IV.2010, leg. S.-F. Yu  ;   4♂ (TARI),  Hsuehwunao (雪霧鬧), 2.IV.2011, leg. M.-H. Tsou  ;   2♀ (TARI),  Paling (巴陵), 29-30.IV.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou  ; 2♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with  “23.V.2009” ; 4♂ (TARI), same but with  “21.III.2010” ; 1♀ (TARI), same but with  “28.III.2010” ; 2♂ (TARI), same but with  “20.III.2011” ;   1♂ (TARI),  Tungyanshan (東眼山), 12.IV.2007, leg. H. Lee  ; 1♀ (TARI), same but with  “2.V.2009” . </p>
            <p>Redescription.</p>
            <p> Length 5.5-7.3 mm, width 3.1-4.2 mm. Body color (Fig. 14A-C) yellowish brown; antennomeres VI-XI black; vertex with two large black spots; pronotum with nine black spots, arranged as follows: two pairs of black spots near apical margin, one pair near middle, the other pair near lateral margins; three black spots near basal margin, one pair near lateral margins, the other at middle; one pair of large black spots between one pair near middle and two spots near lateral margins; elytra copper brown, one pair of large black spots at humeral calli surrounding by yellowish brown border. Antennae (Fig. 15A) with antennomere III slender, IV-VI slightly swollen, VII and VIII moderately swollen, IX and X strongly swollen, XI elongate oval, length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.4: 0.3: 0.4: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.8, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.6: 1.8: 2.3: 1.9: 1.4: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 1.1: 2.0. Pronotum 2.3  × wider than long, lateral margins widest at base, convergent anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced; anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins visible in dorsal view; trichobothria absent on anterior angles; disc covered with sparse fine punctures and mixed with finer punctures; both sides covered with much larger, denser punctures. Scutellum distinctly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly. Elytra 1.3-1.4  × longer than wide; lateral margins slightly wider posteriorly, widest near middle, convergent posteriorly; humeral calli well developed; disc covered with irregular coarse punctures arranged into double striae; interspaces covered with fine, sparse punctures. Hind wing well developed. Aedeagus (Fig. 15B, C) with apical margin widely rounded; lateral margins slightly narrowed subapically; strongly curved in lateral view; endophallic sclerite extremely elongate, apex with one pair of pointed processes, basally membranous. Gonocoxae (Fig. 15D) wide, apical margins irregular, with sparse long setae along apical margins. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 15E) transverse and wide, with dense short setae along outer margin. Spermatheca reduced. </p>
            <p>Variations.</p>
            <p>In some adults the black spots on the vertex are combined. Some have enlarged black spots on the pronotum, sometimes connected, and darker antennomeres I-V, legs, and thoracic ventrites (Fig. 14D-F).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Gonioctena (s. str.) kamikawai is the only member of the subgenus  Gonioctena Gonioctena in the Taiwan fauna. Thus it is easily recognized by its subgeneric character -- trichobothria present on posterior angles of pronotum (trichobothria absent on anterior and posterior angles of pronotum in the subgenera  Asiphytodecta and  Brachyphytodecta ; trichobothira present on anterior and posterior angles of the pronotum in the subgenus  Asiphytodecta Sinomela ). In addition, this species is characterized by its color patterns, shape of aedeagus, and apical processes of endophallic sclerites. </p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Fagaceae :  Lithocarpus hancei (Benth.) Rehder (Lee and Cheng 2010),  L. brevicaudatus (Skan) Hayata (present study);  Betulaceae :  Alnus formosana (Burkill) Makino (Lee and Cheng 2010). Adults fed on leaves of  Alnus formosana in the laboratory but this was not observed in the field. </p>
            <p>Biology.</p>
            <p> Females laid more than 280 eggs at a time (Fig. 16A). Larvae hatched in 5-7 days. The early instar larvae (Fig. 16B-D) gregariously fed on young leaves but became solitary as mature larvae. Mature larvae (Fig. 16E) burrowed into the soil and built underground chambers for pupation. The duration of the pupal stage was ten days. Newly emerged adults (Fig. 16F) appeared after May and went into a resting stage after feeding. Three hibernating adults were found during May 2011 at Wulai (烏來), North Taiwan. They became active and fed on leaves on 15 January 2012. The following observations suggest that populations of  Gonioctena (s. str.) kamikawai are multivoltine. Many larvae were found on 21 March 2010 at Paling (巴陵), North Taiwan; females were observed laying eggs on 10 May 2010, at Peitawushan (北大武山), South Taiwan. These adults were likely the first full generation of the season. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Endemic to Taiwan. This species is widespread in lowlands and mid-elevations.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/08A7B1F5C91756E2B10637414A88ED3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Chi-Feng;Hsieh, Chia-Hung	Lee, Chi-Feng, Hsieh, Chia-Hung (2022): Integrative taxonomy of the leaf-beetle genus Gonioctena Chevrolat, 1836 in Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Gonioctenini) reveals new synonymies and one new species. ZooKeys 1120: 1-46, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.87526
