identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2B3D4AFBD3E457A2B7C7FF1811673B71.text	2B3D4AFBD3E457A2B7C7FF1811673B71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch 1881)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881)</p>
            <p>Figs 2, 3, 4</p>
            <p> Steatoda sisyphia Menge 1868: 161, pl. 30, fig. 69 (male and female, misidentified per Simon 1914: 295). </p>
            <p> Theridion sisyphum Simon 1881: 100 (partly misidentified per Simon 1914: 295). </p>
            <p> Theridion impressum L. Koch 1881: 45, pl. 2, fig. 1 (description of male). </p>
            <p> Theridion impressum intermedium Kulczyński 1885: 27 (description of female); Chyzer and  Kulczyński 1894: 33, pl. 1, fig. 26 (male and description of female);  Bösenberg 1902: 99, pl. 9, fig. 111 (male and female); Fedotov 1912: 61, fig. 1 (male); Simon 1914: 257, 295, figs 509, 512-513 (male and female). </p>
            <p> Theridion cornutum Yurinich and Drensky 1917: 116, 136, pl. 1, figs 1-3 (description of juvenile; preoccupied by Wider 1834). </p>
            <p> Theridion botezati Roșca 1935: 243, fig. 3 (description of male and female);  Roșca 1936: 198, fig. 5 (male and female). </p>
            <p> Theridion impressum Wiehle 1937: 152, figs 81-84 (male and female). </p>
            <p> Theridion cornutum Drensky 1939: 85, fig. 1a, b (female, synonym of  Theridion botezati ). </p>
            <p> Theridion impressum Nakatsudi 1942: 9, fig. 1C (female). </p>
            <p> Theridion frigicola Chamberlin and Ivie 1947: 27, figs 14, 15 (description of male and female). </p>
            <p> Allotheridion impressum Archer 1950: 20 (male and female transferred from  Theridion ). </p>
            <p> Theridion impressum Locket and Millidge 1953: 67, fig. 44C, D (male and female); Levi 1957: 89, figs 321, 326-328 (male and female, synonym); Azheganova 1968: 58, figs 101, 112 (male and female); Tystshenko 1971: 150, figs 401, 426 (male and female); Miller 1971: 194, pl. 35 figs 4, 5 (male and female); Izmailova 1972: 44, fig. 2 (female); Palmgren 1974: 18, figs 4.1-4 (male and female); Punda 1975: 64, figs 137, 138 (female); Legotai and Sekerskaya 1982: 50, figs III.22, 24 (male and female);  Müller 1982: 248, fig. 4 (female); Roberts 1985: 184, fig. 81e (male and female); Legotai and Sekerskaya 1989: 224, figs LXIX.22, 24 (male and female); Heimer and Nentwig 1991: 302, fig. 808 (male and female); Deltshev 1992: 17 (synonym); Roberts 1995: 282, fig. (male and female); Mcheidze 1997: 192, figs 388-391 (male and female); Bellmann 1997: 68, fig. (female); Zhu 1998: 161, fig. 100A-E (male and female); Roberts 1998: 296, fig. (male and female); Song et al. 1999: 138, fig. 74A-B, K-L (male and female); Hu 2001: 580, figs 393.1-4 (male and female); Almquist 2005: 99, fig. 121a-h (male and female); Paquin and  Dupérré 2006: 27, figs 74-79 (male and female). </p>
            <p> Phylloneta impressa Wunderlich 2008: 393, figs 554-557 (male). </p>
            <p> Theridion impressum Le Peru 2011: 478, fig. 823 (male and female). </p>
            <p> Phylloneta impressa Kaya and Ugurtas 2011: 148, figs 10-11 (male and female); Quasin and Uniyal 2012: 59, figs 1-2, 3a-c (female); Tilly and Tilly 2019: 8, fig. 7A, B (male); Vanuytven 2021: 43, 233, figs A.32c, B.244 (male). </p>
            <p> Theridion qingzangensis : Hu 2001: 586, fig. 398.1-5 (description of female). New synonym. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  China, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region:  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.61278/lat 47.09083)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.61278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.09083">State Road</a>
                 217,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.61278/lat 47.09083)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.61278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.09083">Kaerjiao Town</a>
                 , Jimunai County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.61278/lat 47.09083)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.61278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.09083">Altay Region</a>
                 , 47°5'27"N, 86°36'46"E, 915 m, 30 June 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 3 female  ;   Guozigou - Sailimu Lake Scenic Spot,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.87778/lat 44.058887)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.87778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.058887">Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture</a>
                 , 44°3'32"N, 80°52'40"E, 2101 m, 4 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 3 male  ;   Akeqi Animal Husbandry Village,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.89361/lat 42.901947)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.89361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.901947">Karasu Town</a>
                 , Zhaosu County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.89361/lat 42.901947)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.89361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.901947">Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture</a>
                 , 42°54'7"N, 80°53'37"E, 1810 m, 5 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 1 female and 6 male  ;   National Road 577, near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.1375/lat 43.163612)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.1375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.163612">Tasbulak Village</a>
                 , Zhaosu County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.1375/lat 43.163612)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.1375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.163612">Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture</a>
                 , 43°9'49"N, 81°8'15"E, 3178 m, 5 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 15 female and 5 male  ;   Duku Highway near the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.3/lat 43.276665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.276665">Gongnaisi River</a>
                 , Xinyuan County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.3/lat 43.276665)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.276665">Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture</a>
                 , 43°16'36"N, 84°18'0"E, 1680 m, 6 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 1 male  ;   Provincial Road 315,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.369446/lat 43.843887)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.369446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.843887">Keling Township</a>
                 , Nileke County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.369446/lat 43.843887)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.369446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.843887">Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture</a>
                 , 43°50'38"N, 82°22'10"E, 1807 m, 6 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 2 female  ;   National Road 218, near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.30028/lat 43.235558)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.30028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.235558">Yinggar Village</a>
                 , Xinyuan County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.30028/lat 43.235558)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.30028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.235558">Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture</a>
                 , 43°14'8"N, 82°18'1"E, 1966 m, 7 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 3 female  ;   135 Township Road, near Changyuan Gas CNG  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.12889/lat 41.74)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.12889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.74">Gas Station</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.12889/lat 41.74)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.12889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.74">Kuqa City</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.12889/lat 41.74)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.12889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.74">Aksu Region</a>
                 , 41°44'24"N, 83°7'44"E, 1057 m, 8 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 4 female  ;   National Road 218, near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.36417/lat 41.80611)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.36417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.80611">Bosten Lake Scenic Area</a>
                 , Bohu County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.36417/lat 41.80611)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.36417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.80611">Bayingoleng Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture</a>
                 , 41°48'22"N, 86°21'51"E, 1077 m, 9 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 14 female and 1 male  ;   Tianshan Tianchi Scenic Area,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.125/lat 43.919724)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.919724">No.</a>
                 501,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.125/lat 43.919724)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.919724">Junggar Road</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.125/lat 43.919724)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.919724">Fukang City</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.125/lat 43.919724)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.919724">Changji Prefecture</a>
                 , 43°55'11"N, 88°7'30"E, 1910 m, 12 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 6 female  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> See Paquin and  Dupérré (2006), Kaya and  Uğurtaş (2011), and Quasin and Uniyal (2012). </p>
            <p>Justification of the synonymy.</p>
            <p> Theridion qingzangense was first described as a new species similar to  P. impressa , based on a female collected in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China (Hu 2001). The most important diagnostic features of  T. qingzangense were the oval spermathecae and long copulatory ducts that are initially thick but become thinner and twisted at the junction with the spermathecae. Comparison of the epigyne of  T. qingzangense (Hu 2001: figs 398.1-5) with that of  P. impressa (Hu 2001: figs 393.1-4; Wiehle 1937: figs 81, 83, 84; Quasin and Uniyal 2012: fig. 3a-c) suggests that  P. impressa has all the diagnostic features of  T. qingzangense . In addition, we collected specimens of both sexes in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (Fig. 4), and the female perfectly matches the illustrations provided for  T. qingzangense , and the male matches the illustrations available for  P. impressa . Though the copulatory ducts from a few of our specimens show slight variations, these differences, which we consider as intraspecific variation, are minor and do not provide enough evidence for erection of a separate species. Thus,  T. qingzangense is hereby considered as a junior synonym of  P. impressa . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China (Fig. 4), India.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B3D4AFBD3E457A2B7C7FF1811673B71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Zhu, Yang	Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Zhu, Yang (2022): Two new synonyms in the subfamily Theridiinae (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1120: 95-104, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.90509, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.90509
301738081E055C98A9C9CBAD9016908D.text	301738081E055C98A9C9CBAD9016908D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Theridion innocuum Thorell 1875	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Theridion innocuum Thorell, 1875</p>
            <p>Figs 1, 4</p>
            <p> Theridion innocuum Thorell 1875a: 65 (description of male); Thorell 1875b: 50 (description of male); Azheganova 1968: 58, figs 102, 113 (male and female); Izmailova 1972: 43, fig. 1 (female); Izmailova 1989: 92, fig. 72 (female); Le Peru 2011: 478, fig. 824 (female); Esyunin and Stepina 2014: 49, figs 14, 15 (female); Zamani et al. 2021: 295, fig. 12F-N (male and female). </p>
            <p> Theridion theridioides : Hu and Wu 1989: 137, figs 110.1, 110.2 (female, misidentified). </p>
            <p> Theridion hui Zhu 1998: 150, fig. 91A-C (description of female); Song et al. 1999: 137, fig. 73I, J (female). New synonym. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  China, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Hemu Scenic Area,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43972/lat 48.574444)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.574444">Hemuhanas Mongolian Township</a>
                 , Burqin County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.43972/lat 48.574444)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.43972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.574444">Altay Region</a>
                 , 48°34'28"N, 87°26'23"E, 1445 m, 1 July 2021, Chen Jian and Liu Jie leg.: 1 female  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>See Azheganova (1968) and Thorell (1875a, 1875b).</p>
            <p>Justification of the synonymy.</p>
            <p> Theridion hui was first described by Zhu (1998), based on a female collected in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China and previously identified as  Theridion theridioides by Hu and Wu (1989). The female holotype of  T. hui bears all the diagnostic features of  T. innocuum , including the messy dark brown spots on abdomen, peach-shaped fossa of the epigyne and thick, long, similarly twisted copulatory ducts. The original illustrations of the epigyne of  T. hui perfectly match the coloured photos of the same provided for  T. innocuum by Zamani et al. (2021) (compare Zhu 1998: fig. 91A-C with Zamani et al. 2021: fig. 12K-N). Although the types of  T. innocuum and  T. hui were unavailable for examination, our comparison based on a female specimen collected in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the illustrations and descriptions provided by Zamani et al. (2021) and Zhu (1998) enabled us to confidently consider  T. hui as a junior synonym of  T. innocuum . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Ukraine, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Iran, Kazakhstan, China (new record, Fig. 4).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/301738081E055C98A9C9CBAD9016908D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Zhu, Yang	Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Zhu, Yang (2022): Two new synonyms in the subfamily Theridiinae (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1120: 95-104, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.90509, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1120.90509
