identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9A2187E3FFF8FFC4FF6EF924FEB5FB91.text	9A2187E3FFF8FFC4FF6EF924FEB5FB91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon ruficornis Meigen 1822	<div><p>The Merodon ruficornis group</p> <p>Morphological diagnosis. The M. ruficornis group represents a morphologically distinct group of species with several synapomorphic characters, especially in the structure of male metaleg. Metatrochanter, metafemur and metatibia usually with tubercle, calcar or lamina in the male (as in Fig. 1). Male genitalia usually with characteristic hooklike posterior surstyle lobe (as in Fig. 2A: pl), biramous anterior surstyle lobe (as in Fig. 2A: al) with moderately developed interior accessory lobe (as in Fig. 2A: il) and apical extension (as in Fig. 2A marked with arrow), cercus without prominences (as in Fig. 2A: c), and lateral sclerite of the aedeagus hammer-like with oval margins (as in Fig. 9C: s). In females, tergum 4 usually with transversal depression (as in Fig. 3A: marked with arrow, 3B); terga dark, except tergum 2 with a pair of lateral red-orange maculae; terga 2–4 usually with a pair of white pollinose fasciate maculae; tergum 5 with two small lateral depressions (as in Fig. 3C: marked with arrow); vertex at the level of ocellar triangle shiny black (as in Fig. 3D) (Vujić et al. 2021a).</p> <p>Morphological description of males and females of the M. ruficornis group. Length. We use the following three categories to describe the general body size of the species: Small species 7–10 mm; medium-sized species 10–12 mm; large species 12–14 mm. MALE. Head (as in Figs 4A–C). Antenna (as in Fig. 4A) brown-orange, basoflagellomere 1.3 times as long as wide, 1.6 times longer than pedicel, concave dorsally, apex acute; arista basally pale and thickened, brown medially and dark brown apically, 1.5 times longer than basoflagellomere; covered with short, dense microscopic pile. Face and frons black, covered with long whitish-yellow pile and silver pollinosity.</p> <p>Oral margin shiny black, well protruded (as in Fig. 4A). Vertical triangle (as in Fig. 4B) isosceles, 2.5 times longer than eye contiguity, shiny black except in front of anterior ocellus white pollinose, covered with long whitish-yellow pile, except black pilose on ocellar triangle. Ocellar triangle (as in Fig. 4B) equilateral to slightly isosceles. Eye contiguity about 8–10 facets long (as in Fig. 4C). Eye pile as long as scape, pale. Occiput with whitish-yellow pile, along the eye margin dense, white pollinosity and posteriorly with metallic bluish-greenish lustre. Thorax. Mesonotum black with bronze lustre, covered with dense, erect, yellow pile, as long as basoflagellomere. Pleurae grey-green pollinose and the following parts with long yellow pilosity: anterior part of proepimeron, posterior part of anterior anepisternum, the larger part of posterior anepisternum except anterior end, anteroventral and posterodorsal part of katepisternum, anepimeron, metasternum; katatergum with dense, erect, short, light-brown pile. Wing hyaline, with dense, brown microtrichia. Calypter pale yellow. Halter with light brown pedicel and yellow capitulum (outer part dark). Femora dark brown to black, except usually paler apex; tibiae can be from completely dark to pale basally and apically; colour of tarsi variable. Metatrochanter (as in Fig. 1B: a) with calcar. Metafemur (as in Fig. 1B: b) thickened and curved, often with ventral tubercle (as in Fig. 1A: marked with arrow) in the basal 1/3 of its length. Metatibia (as in Fig. 1B: c) with apical lamina and/or spur(s). Abdomen (as in Figs 5A, C). Black with bronze reflections, slightly tapering, as long as mesonotum. Terga 2–4 black with more or less distinct pair of white pollinose fasciate maculae (absent in some species); tergum 2 with a pair of orange anterolateral maculae; pile on terga mainly erect and yellow, but terga 2–4 medially usually with some black pile. Sterna blackish-brown, covered with long, pale yellow pile. Genitalia. Posterior surstyle lobe rounded, pointed anteriorly (as in Fig. 2A: pl); margin of surstylus convex (as in Fig. 2A); anterior surstyle lobe with small interior accessory lobe (as in Fig. 2D: il); cercus oval or rectangular (as in Fig. 2A: c). Hypandrium with folded thecal ridge (as in Fig. 2C: marked with arrow). Lateral sclerite of aedeagus elongated and narrow, hammer-like in lateral view (as in Fig. 9C: s).</p> <p>FEMALE. Similar to the male except for the normal sexual dimorphism and for the following characteristics: tergum 4 with transversal depression (as in Fig. 3A: marked with arrow, 3B); tergum 5 with two small, lateral depressions (as in Fig. 3C: marked with arrow); black pile on terga more conspicuous than in males: posterior margin of tergum 2, and terga 3–4 predominantly black pilose, except lateral sides and white pollinose fasciate maculae with pale pile.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A2187E3FFF8FFC4FF6EF924FEB5FB91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Gorše, Iva;Djan, Mihajla;Ristić, Zlata Markov;Barkalov, Anatolii V.	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Gorše, Iva, Djan, Mihajla, Ristić, Zlata Markov, Barkalov, Anatolii V. (2022): Three new species of the Merodon ruficornis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) discovered at the edge of its range. Zootaxa 5182 (4): 301-347, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5182.4.1
9A2187E3FFFAFFC8FF6EFB2DFDA8F9D4.text	9A2187E3FFFAFFC8FF6EFB2DFDA8F9D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon acutus Vujic et Radenkovic 2022	<div><p>Merodon acutus Vujić et Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>ZooBank link: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B6261D02-1B12-4EB7-A718-3CE714B3B67A</p> <p>GenBank accession number of the COI gene sequence: ON562698 (Figs 1B, 1E, 2A, 2C–D, 6A, 6C, 7A, 14A)</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: RUSSIA, Kabardino-Balkaria, Chegemsky Canyon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.149387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.254402" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.149387/lat 43.254402)">Bulungu</a>, 43.254402°N, 43.149387°E, 12.VII.1999, ♂, 058350, Leg. Barkalov А., SZMN. PARATYPES: RUSSIA, Caucasus, Republik Adygea, near Kamennomostsky, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.326324" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.183334/lat 44.326324)">Belaya</a> riverarea, 44.326325°N, 40.183335°E, 11.V.2015, 2♀, 09688, 09689, Leg. Rattel E., Gerzovskiy O., FSUNS.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Legs black; male: calcar on metatrochanter long and distinct (Fig. 1B: a) similar to M. armipes (Fig. 1A), while small and pointed in morphologically related species M. nigripodus (Fig. 1C); metafemur with very small ventral protuberance (Fig. 1B: marked with black arrow), distinct in M. armipes (Fig. 1A: marked with arrow); metatibia with two apical processes: one medium-sized, anteroventral, apical lamella with straight ventral margin (Fig. 1B: marked with white arrow), and one twisted, distinct, inner, posteroventral spina (Fig. 1E: marked with arrow); anteroventral apical lamella with similar direction as in M. ponticus, but with blunt apex (Fig. 1D: marked with arrow), while in M. nigripodus the apical lamella is distinctly triangular, slightly undulate and directed towards metafemur (Fig. 1C: marked with arrow); male genitalia: anterior surstyle lobe biramous (Fig. 2A: al), with distinct and broad interior accessory lobe (Fig. 2D: il) and rectangular extension (Fig. 2A: marked with arrow), while in M. nigripodus the interior accessory lobe is shorter (Fig. 2E: il) and the extension is angular (Fig. 2B: marked with arrow). Female: similar to other Caucasian species M. portschinskyi, except angular metatrochanter with dense whitish pilosity (Figs 6A, 7A), rounded in M. portschinskyi (Figs 6B, 11B), and basoflagellomere longer than wide in M. acutus (Fig. 6C), while almost as long as wide in M. portschinskyi (Fig. 6D).</p> <p>Description. Length. Male: 9–10 mm; female: 9–10 mm. MALE (Figs 1B, 1E, 2, 7A). Small to medium sized, black species with pale pilose terga laterally and with some black pile medially; legs black, except for partially dark brown tarsi; metatrochanter with long and distinct process (Fig. 1B: a); metafemur with very small ventral protuberance (Fig. 1B: marked with black arrow), swollen, covered with short pile (Fig. 1B: b); metatibia narrow, with two apical processes: one medium-sized, anteroventral, apical lamella with straight ventral margin (Fig. 1B: marked with white arrow), and one distinct, twisted, inner, posteroventral spina (Fig. 1E: marked with arrow). Genitalia: anterior surstyle lobe biramous (Fig. 2A: al), with distinct and broad interior accessory lobe (Fig. 2D: il) and rectangular extension (Fig. 2A: marked with arrow); posterior surstyle lobe hook-like (Fig. 2A: pl); cercus elongated (Fig. 2A: c); hypandrium sickle-shaped (Fig. 2C), with folded theca (Fig. 2C: marked with arrow).</p> <p>FEMALE. (Figs 6A, 6C, 14A). Similar to the male except for the normal sexual dimorphism and for the following characteristics: metatrochanter angular (Fig. 7A); pollinose fasciate maculae on terga 2–4 narrow; terga pale pilose, except some black pile medially from posterior half of tergum 2 until anterior half of tergum 5; tergum 4 with clear transverse depression; tergum 5 with a pair of indistinct, lateral, longitudinal depression; vertex at the level of ocellar triangle, and frons with medial vitta of black pile.</p> <p>Etymology. Participle “acutus” (masc.) meaning sharpened made sharp, sharp, having been sharpened, refers to the sharp inner posteroventral spina on metatibia. The name is to be treated as an adjective.</p> <p>Distribution. Merodon acutus sp. nov. was recorded from the northern slopes of the Caucasus (390–1540 m above sea level) in Russia (Fig. 16).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A2187E3FFFAFFC8FF6EFB2DFDA8F9D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Gorše, Iva;Djan, Mihajla;Ristić, Zlata Markov;Barkalov, Anatolii V.	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Gorše, Iva, Djan, Mihajla, Ristić, Zlata Markov, Barkalov, Anatolii V. (2022): Three new species of the Merodon ruficornis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) discovered at the edge of its range. Zootaxa 5182 (4): 301-347, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5182.4.1
9A2187E3FFF6FFCEFF6EF921FECEFEB8.text	9A2187E3FFF6FFCEFF6EF921FECEFEB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon fulvitarsis Vujic et Radenkovic 2022	<div><p>Merodon fulvitarsis Vujić et Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>ZooBank link: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6A9E56E0-6162-476B-9465-AAC1D7902A4A</p> <p>GenBank accession number of the COI gene sequence: ON562626</p> <p>(Figs 5A, 5B, 7B, 8A, 9A, 9C–D)</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: IRAN, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.8966&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.872482" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.8966/lat 38.872482)">Osculu</a>, 38.872483°N, 46.8966°E, ♂, 10286, Leg. Khaghaninia, IMTU. PARATYPE: IRAN, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.779415&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.89593" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.779415/lat 38.89593)">Anali forest</a>, 38.895933°N, 46.779417°E, ♀, 10292, Leg. Khaghaninia, IMTU.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Male terga with indistinct pollinose fasciate maculae (Fig. 5A); metatibia in male with plate-like apical lamella (Fig. 8A: marked with white arrow), in female metatibia curved in apical third (Fig. 7B); metafemur without ventral calcar (Fig. 8A). Similar to Merodon lamellatus from which differs in medium sized process on metatrochanter in male (Fig. 8A: marked with black arrow), [very small in M. lamellatus (Fig. 8B: marked with black arrow)], metatibia with larger plate-like apical lamella (Fig. 8A: marked with white arrow) [smaller in M. lamellatus (Fig. 8B: marked with white arrow)], and narrow metatibia (Fig. 8A) [broader in M. lamellatus (Fig. 8B)]; male genitalia: anterior surstyle lobe biramous (Fig. 9A: al), with narrow and elongated interior accessory lobe (Fig. 9D: il) and angular extension (Fig. 9A: marked with arrow), while in M. lamellatus the interior accessory lobe is less developed and smaller (Fig. 9E: il) and extension is broader (Fig. 9B: marked with arrow). Female can be distinguished from M. lamellatus by angular metatrochanter (Fig. 7B: marked with black arrow), while rounded in M. lamellatus (Fig. 7C: marked with black arrow), and two apical tarsomere in M. fulvitarsis black (7B: marked with white arrows), while in M. lamellatus two apical only slightly darker than basal two tarsomeres (7C: marked with white arrows).</p> <p>Description. Length. Male: 9–10 mm; female: 9–10 mm. MALE (Figs 5A, 8A, 9). Small to medium sized species; terga with indistinct pollinose fasciate maculae (Fig. 5A), covered with pale pilosity laterally and black pile medially; metatrochanter with medium sized process (Fig. 8A: marked with black arrow); metafemur narrow, without ventral protuberance, covered with pile shorter than the width of metafemur (Fig. 8A); metatibia with one plate-like, apical lamella (Fig. 8A: marked with white arrow); basal three tarsomeres of all legs reddish-yellow, apical two black (Fig. 8A). Male genitalia: anterior surstyle lobe biramous (Fig. 9A: al), with narrow and elongated interior accessory lobe (Fig. 9D: il) and angular extension (Fig. 9A: marked with arrow); posterior surstyle lobe hook-like (Fig. 9A: pl); cercus rectangular (Fig. 9A: c); hypandrium sickle-shaped (Fig. 9C), with folded theca (Fig. 9C: marked with arrow).</p> <p>FEMALE (Figs 5B, 7B). Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism and for the following characteristics: metatrochanter angular (Fig. 7B: marked with black arrow); metatibia curved in the apical third (Fig. 7B); terga with distinct white-greyish pollinose fasciate maculae (Fig. 5B); terga with pale pilosity, except black pile medially from posterior half of tergum 2 until tergum 5; tergum 4 with weak transverse depression; tergum 5 with a pair of indistinct, lateral, longitudinal depressions; vertex at the level of ocellar triangle black pilose, frons with medial vitta of few black pile.</p> <p>Etymology. The adjective “fulvus” (fulvi in genitive) means reddish-yellow, referring to the color of basal three tarsomeres on legs.</p> <p>Distribution. Merodon fulvitarsis sp. nov. has been recorded in mountainous areas of northern Iran (1220–1540 m asl) (Fig. 16).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A2187E3FFF6FFCEFF6EF921FECEFEB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Gorše, Iva;Djan, Mihajla;Ristić, Zlata Markov;Barkalov, Anatolii V.	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Gorše, Iva, Djan, Mihajla, Ristić, Zlata Markov, Barkalov, Anatolii V. (2022): Three new species of the Merodon ruficornis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) discovered at the edge of its range. Zootaxa 5182 (4): 301-347, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5182.4.1
9A2187E3FFF0FFD2FF6EF99BFB5BFC9C.text	9A2187E3FFF0FFD2FF6EF99BFB5BFC9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon trispinus Vujic et Radenkovic 2022	<div><p>Merodon trispinus Vujić et Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>ZooBank link: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 93F2A6E3-F105-4697-A0F4-28A19C507C6D</p> <p>GenBank accession number of the COI gene sequence: ON562606</p> <p>(Figs 3B–D, 4, 5C–D, 7D, 15B, 15E, 10A, 10C–D)</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: TURKEY, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.10967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.33269" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.10967/lat 38.33269)">Bozdað Mountain</a>, 38.332693°N, 28.109671°E, 07.VI.2014, ♂, 06927, Leg. Vujić A., Ačanski J., FSUNS. PARATYPES: TURKEY: 38.332693°N, 28.109671°E, 07.VI.2014, 4♂, ♀, 06928, 06929, 06930, 06937, 06938, Leg. Vujić A., Ačanski J., FSUNS; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.10967&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.33269" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.10967/lat 38.33269)">Bozdað Mountain</a>, 38.411655°N, 28.081503°E, 02.V.2014, ♀, 06292, Leg. Vujić A., Ačanski J., FSUNS; Fethiye, Akdað, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.081503&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.411655" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.081503/lat 38.411655)">Cemalani</a>, 36.600998°N, 29.515234°E, 04.VI.2014, 5♂, ♀, 06874, 06882, 06883, 06884, 06885, 06887, Leg. Vujić A., Ačanski J., FSUNS; Izmir, 38.271148°N, 27.175597°E, 06.VI.2014, ♂, 06922, Leg. Vujić A., Ačanski J., FSUNS; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.175596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.27115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.175596/lat 38.27115)">Babadað</a>, near Denizli, 37.695179°N, 28.99309°E, 05.VII.2015, 3♂, 09726, 09727, 09728, Leg. Vujiă A., Radenkoviă S., Ačanski J., Veličkoviă S., Stĺhls G., Gökhan S., FSUNS; Boncuk Daðlari, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.99309&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.69518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.99309/lat 37.69518)">Ballik</a>, 36.865139°N, 29.34881°E, 04.VII.2014, 2♂, ♀, 09723, 09724, 09725, Leg. Vujiă A., Radenkoviă S., Ačanski J., Veličkoviă S., Stĺhls G., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.34881&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.86514" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.34881/lat 36.86514)">Gökhan</a> S., FSUNS.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Similar to M. portschinskyi and M. turcicus. Males differ by apical part of metatibia with strong, inner, posteroventral spina (Fig. 15E: marked with black arrow) [much smaller in M. portschinskyi and M. turcicus (Figs 15D and 15F: marked with black arrow)], distinct anteroventral spur projected backwards at undulate lamella (Fig. 15E: marked with white arrow) (toward the apex in M. portschinskyi and M. turcicus (Figs 15D and 15F: marked with white arrow), and small carina in between (Fig. 15E: c); process on metatrochanter small (Fig. 15B: marked with black arrow), while medium sized in M. portschinskyi and M. turcicus (Figs 15A and 15C: marked with black arrow); basal part of metafemur ventrally usually less curved (Fig. 15B: marked with white arrow), while strongly curved in M. portschinskyi (Fig. 15A: marked with white arrow). Male genitalia: anterior surstyle lobe biramous (Fig. 10A: al), with slightly developed interior accessory lobe (Fig. 10D: il) and rounded extension (Fig. 10A: marked with arrow), while in M. portschinskyi extension of the anterior surstyle lobe is less developed and tapering (Fig. 10B: marked with arrow). Female: legs mostly black, tarsi at least ventrally, femora apically, and tibiae apically and basally brownish; tergum 4 with distinct transverse depression (Fig. 3B), much less expressed in M. turcicus and M. portschinskyi (Fig. 3A: marked with arrow). Distribution of these three species is allopatric. M. portschinskyi appears on Caucasus mountains, M. turcicus was recorded on North Anatolian Mountains, and M. trispinus sp. nov. has a range in mountains of South West Anatolia (Fig. 17).</p> <p>Description. Length. Male: 10–11 mm; female: 10 mm. MALE (Figs 4A–C, 5C, 15B, 15E, 10A, 10C–D). Medium-sized species with pale pilose terga; terga 2–4 with distinct pollinose fasciate maculae (Fig. 5C); metatrochanter with medium sized process (Fig. 15B: marked with black arrow); metafemur swollen, without ventral protuberance, ventrally covered with long pile (Fig. 15B); metatibia apically with strong, inner, posteroventral spina (Fig. 15E: marked with black arrow), with distinct anteroventral spur projected backwards at undulate lamella (Fig. 15E: marked with white arrow) and with small carina in between (Fig. 15E: c); tarsomeres of all legs dorsally pale brown to black, ventrally reddish. Male genitalia: anterior surstyle lobe biramous (Fig. 10A: al), with slightly developed interior accessory lobe (Fig. 10D: il) and rounded extension (Fig. 10A: marked with arrow); posterior surstyle lobe hook-like (Fig. 10A: pl); cercus oval (Fig. 10A: c); hypandrium sickle-shaped (Fig. 10C), with folded theca (Fig. 10C: marked with arrow).</p> <p>FEMALE (Figs 3B–D, 4D–F, 5D, 7D). Similar to the male except for normal sexual dimorphism and for the following characteristics: metafemur covered with shorter pilosity (Fig. 7D); metatrochanter slightly angular (Fig. 7D); pollinose fasciate maculae on terga 2–4 well defined, white-greyish (Fig. 5D); terga pale pilose, except black pile medially from posterior half of tergum 2 until anterior half of tergum 5; tergum 4 with distinct transverse depression (Fig. 3B); tergum 5 with a pair of distinct lateral, longitudinal depression (Fig. 3C: marked with arrow); vertex at the level of ocellar triangle and frons medially black pilose (Fig. 3D).</p> <p>Etymology. The noun “spinus” meaning thorn-bush refers to three extensions of the exoskeleton at apical part of metatibiae.</p> <p>Distribution. Merodon trispinus sp. nov. occurs in west and southwest Turkey (Figs 16–17).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A2187E3FFF0FFD2FF6EF99BFB5BFC9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Gorše, Iva;Djan, Mihajla;Ristić, Zlata Markov;Barkalov, Anatolii V.	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Gorše, Iva, Djan, Mihajla, Ristić, Zlata Markov, Barkalov, Anatolii V. (2022): Three new species of the Merodon ruficornis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) discovered at the edge of its range. Zootaxa 5182 (4): 301-347, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5182.4.1
9A2187E3FFE1FFDDFF61FF74FA1FFCB1.text	9A2187E3FFE1FFDDFF61FF74FA1FFCB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon ruficornis Meigen 1822	<div><p>APPENDIX 1. Key to species of M. ruficornis species group</p> <p>Males</p> <p>1. Two wart-like prominences present in the middle of the posterior margin of sternum 4. Metatrochanter with small obtuse process; metafemur with distinct ventral protuberance; apex of metatibia with lamellar outer anteroventral spur and curved inner posteroventral spur (Fig. A1 A–B).............................. Merodon papillus Vujić, Radenković et Pérez-Bañon</p> <p>- Sternum 4 without these prominences..................................................................... 2</p> <p>2. Metafemur with long protuberance ventrally, as long as or longer than the process on metatrochanter (Fig. A7)........... 3</p> <p>- Metafemur without or with shorter protuberance ventrally (Fig. A6 C: pf)......................................... 6</p> <p>3. Metafemur strongly thickened and swollen (Fig. A7 B). Cercus with characteristic shape; posterior surstyle lobe rectangular (Fig. A8 C: pl).................................................................. Merodon hoplitis Hurkmans</p> <p>- Metafemur less thickened............................................................................... 4</p> <p>4. Metafemur with extremely long ventral protuberance (more than one half of its width) (Fig. A9 A); metatibia with two apical spurs, one outer anteroventral pointed vertically and another inner posteroventral directed horizontally.................................................................. Merodon ilgazense Vujić, Marcos-Garcìa, Sarýbýyýk et Ricarte</p> <p>- Protuberance on metafemur shorter (less than one half of its width).............................................. 5</p> <p>5. Protuberance on metafemur distinctly longer than process on metatrochanter; inner posteroventral apical spur on metatibia long and pointed (Fig. A7 C). Thorns on anterior surstyle lobe and inner side of posterior surstyle lobe strong (Fig. A8 A–B: al, pl)..................................................................... Merodon gallicus Vujić et Radenković</p> <p>- Protuberance on metafemur shorter or the same length as process on metatrochanter; inner posteroventral apical spur on metatibia shorter (Fig. A7 A). Thorns on anterior surstyle lobe and inner side of posterior surstyle lobe shorter and less distinct (Fig. A8 D–E)..................................................................... Merodon trebevicensis Strobl</p> <p>6. Metafemur with distinct protuberance ventrally (as on Fig. A3 A–B)............................................. 7</p> <p>- Metafemur without protuberance ventrally................................................................ 14</p> <p>7. Metatrochanter with very long calcar (0.7 width of metafemur) (Fig. 1A, B); metatibia with two distinct apical prolongations (as in Fig. 1A)........................................................................................ 8</p> <p>- Metatrochanter with shorter calcar (as in Fig. 1D); metatibia with one distinct apical prolongation (as in Fig. 1D)......... 9</p> <p>8. Metatibia with twisted distinct, inner, posteroventral spina (Fig. 1E: marked with arrow); metafemur with indistinct ventral tubercle (Fig. 1B: marked with arrow)............................... Merodon acutus Vujić et Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>- Metatibia with narrow, pointed, inner, posteroventral spina (Fig. 1A); metafemur with distinct ventral tubercle (Fig. 1A: marked with arrow)..................................................................... Merodon armipes Rondani</p> <p>9. Anterior spur at the apex of metatibia directed backwards (as on Fig. A3 A)..................................... 10</p> <p>- Anterior spur at the apex of metatibia pointed forwards or upwards (as on Fig. A6 E)............................... 11</p> <p>10. Spur at the apex of metatibia triangular, thorn-like (Fig. A3 A). Thorns on anterior surstyle lobe and inner side of posterior surstyle lobe short, almost indistinct (Fig. A4 A: al, pl).................................. Merodon ruficornis Meigen</p> <p>- Spur at the apex of metatibia rounded (Fig. A3 B). Thorns on anterior surstyle lobe and inner side of posterior surstyle lobe distinct (Fig. A4 C–D)..................................................... Merodon abruzzensis Van der Goot</p> <p>11. Lamella behind the apical spur of metatibia with undulated fold (Fig. A6 D: lm).................................. 12</p> <p>- Lamella behind the apical spur of metatibia with straight ventral margin (Fig. A6 E). Posterior surstyle lobe rounded; thorn on anterior surstyle lobe indistinct (Fig. A5 B–C: al, pl).......................... Merodon ponticus Vujić et Radenković</p> <p>12. Tibiae at both ends and basal three tarsomeres pale.......................................... Merodon auripes Sack</p> <p>- Legs predominantly dark. Basal metafemur strongly curved (as on Fig. A12 A)................................... 13</p> <p>13. Process on metatrochanter shorter and more pointed (Fig. A12 A–B). Posterior surstyle lobe rounded (Fig. A11 C: pl).......................................................................... Merodon ovaloides Vujić et Radenković</p> <p>- Process on metatrochanter longer and broader (Fig. A13 A–B). Posterior surstyle lobe hook-like (Fig. A14: pl)........................................................................................... Merodon planiceps Loew</p> <p>14. Legs dark.......................................................................................... 15</p> <p>- At least basal two (three) tarsomeres pale................................................................. 21</p> <p>15. Spur at the apex of metatibia small, triangular, lamella indistinct; process on metatrochanter small and pointed; ventral margin of metafemur without long and dense pile (Fig. A6 B); margin of anterior surstyle lobe with very strong dorsal extension (Fig. A11 B)................................................................. Merodon nigripodus Vujić et Hayat</p> <p>- Spur at the apex of metatibia larger, lamella present (as on Fig. A10 A).......................................... 16</p> <p>16. Metatibia with distinct inner posteroventral spina (Fig. 15E; marked with black arrow).............................................................................................. Merodon trispinus Vujić et Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>- Metatibia with much smaller or indistinct inner posteroventral spina (as in Fig. 15F)............................... 17</p> <p>17. Posterior surstyle lobe rounded and with indistinct inner thorn (Fig. A11 C: pl). Process on metatrochanter small and pointed; anteroventral spur at the apex of metatibia with innerly curved apical extension (Fig. A12 A–C); metafemur can be with trace of ventral protuberance.................................................. Merodon ovaloides Vujić et Radenković</p> <p>- Posterior surstyle lobe with more or less flat dorsal margin................................................... 18</p> <p>18. Anteroventral apical spur of metatibia extended more than anterodorsal end of metatibia (Fig. A10 A); posterior side of apex of metatibia without small spur........................................................................... 19</p> <p>- Anteroventral apical spur of metatibia not extended more than anterodorsal end of metatibia (Fig. A15 A–D), posterior side of apex of metatibia usually with small spur (as on Fig. A15 D–E)................................................ 20</p> <p>19. Process on metatrochanter wide and strong; pile on ventral side of metafemur two times shorter than its width (Fig. A10 A–B); cercus oval (Fig. A11 A: c)....................................................... Merodon loewi van der Goot</p> <p>- Process on metatrochanter narrower; pile on ventral side of metafemur long and dense, at least two thirds of its width (Fig. A13 A); cercus rectangular (Fig. A14)..................................................... Merodon planiceps Loew</p> <p>20. Long pile on trochanters predominantly black; metafemur anteriorly covered with mostly black pile; terga 3 and 4 with pollinose fasciae clearly visible from lateral view; apical spur at posterior side of metatibia bigger (Fig. A15 D–E)................................................................................... Merodon portschinskyi Stackelberg</p> <p>- Long pile on trochanters predominantely pale; metafemur anteriorly covered with mostly pale pile; terga 3 and 4 without pollinose fasciae (some specimens have traces of pollen on terga, but there are invisible from lateral view); apical spur at posterior side of metatibia small, in some specimens almost indistinct......................... Merodon turcicus Vujić et Hayat</p> <p>21. Metatibia with anteroventral apical plate-like lamella (Fig. 8A, B: marked with white arrow), not extended more than the anterodorsal end of metatibia (Fig. 8A, B: marked with gray arrow).............................................. 22</p> <p>- Metatibia with anteroventral apical prolongation (Fig. 8C: marked with white arrow) extended more than the anterodorsal end of metatibia (as in Fig. 8C: marked with gray arrow)........................................................ 23</p> <p>22. Metatrochanter with very small calcar (Fig. 8B: marked with black arrow)....... Merodon lamellatus Vujić et Radenković</p> <p>- Metatrochanter with medium sized calcar (Fig. 8A: marked with black arrow)................................................................................................. Merodon fulvitarsis Vujić et Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>23. Lamella behind apical spur of metatibiae with straight ventral margin (Fig. A6 A); posterior surstyle lobe rectangular (Fig. A5 A)............................................................................. Merodon alexandri Popov</p> <p>- Lamella behind apical spur of metatibiae with rounded ventral margin (Fig. A10 A); posterior surstyle lobe hook-like (Fig. A11 A)........................................................................... Merodon loewi van der Goot</p> <p>Females</p> <p>1. Tergum 4 with transversal depression (Fig. A2 B–C: td)....................................................... 2</p> <p>- Tergum 4 without transversal depression (Fig. A2 A), tarsi dark, at least dorsally............................................................................................. Merodon papillus Vujić, Radenković et Pérez-Bañon</p> <p>2. Tergum without pollinose fasciae..................................................... Merodon alexandri Popov</p> <p>- Tergum 2–4 with clear pollinose fasciae................................................................... 3</p> <p>3. Sternum 4 with strong thorn-like protuberance (Fig. A2 C: pp)............................ Merodon armipes Rondani</p> <p>- Sternum 4 without protuberance......................................................................... 4</p> <p>4. Metafemur with protuberance ventrally.................................................................... 5</p> <p>- Metafemur without protuberance........................................................................ 13</p> <p>5. Pile on metafemur short, adpressed, especially in apical third (Fig. A9 C). Mediotergite entirely dusted. Distribution: Adriatic mountains..................................................................... Merodon hoplitis Hurkmans</p> <p>- Pile on metafemur longer (Fig. A9 B). Mediotergite postero-medially shiny. Some other range........................ 6</p> <p>6. Basal three tarsomeres of all legs pale..................................................................... 7</p> <p>- Tarsi darkened at least dorsally......................................................................... 12</p> <p>7. Apex of metatibia rounded (Fig. A3 C).................................................................... 8</p> <p>- Apex of metatibia angled (Fig. A12 D)................................................................... 10</p> <p>8. Tergum 5 with a pair of deep lateral depression (Fig. 15)... Merodon ilgazense Vujić, Marcos-Garcìa, Sarýbýyýk et Ricarte</p> <p>- Tergum 5 with a pair of weaker depression................................................................. 9</p> <p>9. Distribution: Italy, Abruzzi Mountains.......................................... Merodon abruzzensis van der Goot</p> <p>- Distribution: rest of Europe....................................................... Merodon ruficornis Meigen</p> <p>10. Metatarsus of metaleg without or with only few black bristles................................................. 11</p> <p>- Metatarsus of metaleg with black bristles. Distribution: western of Alps to Caucasus area..... Merodon trebevicensis Strobl</p> <p>11. Distribution: Turkey and Azerbaijan....................................... Merodon ponticus Vujić et Radenković</p> <p>- Distribution: France..................................................... Merodon gallicus Vujić et Radenković</p> <p>12. Distribution: western of Alps to Caucasus area. Metatarsus of metaleg with black bristles..... Merodon trebevicensis Strobl</p> <p>- Distribution: France. Metatarsus of metaleg without or with only few black bristles... Merodon gallicus Vujić &amp; Radenković</p> <p>13. Three basal tarsomeres pale, at least of metaleg............................................................ 14</p> <p>- Tarsi darkened at least dorsally......................................................................... 21</p> <p>14. Apex of metatibia rounded (as on Fig. A3 C).............................................................. 15</p> <p>- Apex of metatibiae angled (as on Fig. A12 D).............................................................. 17</p> <p>15. Distribution: Europe.................................................................................. 16</p> <p>- Distribution: Turkey................................................... Merodon lamellatus Vujić et Radenković</p> <p>16. Distribution: Italy, Abruzzi Mountains......................................... Merodon abruzzensis Van der Goot</p> <p>- Distribution: rest of Europe....................................................... Merodon ruficornis Meigen</p> <p>17. Pile on ventral surface of metafemur long (the longest ones at least two thirds width of metafemur)................... 18</p> <p>- The longest pile on ventral surface of metafemur shorter, usually one half width of metafemur (Fig. A10 C)............ 19</p> <p>18. Distribution: Turkey and Azerbaijan....................................... Merodon ponticus Vujić et Radenković</p> <p>- Distribution: Europe.................................................................. Merodon auripes Sack</p> <p>19. Metatrochanter angled (as in Fig. 7B).................................................................... 20</p> <p>- Metatrochanter rounded (Fig. 7C)........................................ Merodon lamellatus Vujić et Radenković (females of M. alexandri with faciate maculae on terga 2–4 also keyed here; distinction between females of these two species is based on distribution)</p> <p>20. Metatibia curved in apical third (Fig. 7B).......................... Merodon fulvitarsis Vujić et Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>- Metatibia not curved in apical third (Fig. 7F)......................................... Merodon loewi van der Goot</p> <p>21. Apex of metatibia rounded (as on Fig. A3 C).............................................................. 22</p> <p>- Apex of metatibia angled (as on Fig. A12 D)............................................................... 23</p> <p>22. Distribution: Italy, Abruzzi Mountains.......................................... Merodon abruzzensis van der Goot</p> <p>- Distribution: rest of Europe....................................................... Merodon ruficornis Meigen</p> <p>23. The longest pile on ventral surface of metafemur short, usually one half of width of metafemur (Figs. 7D, 7F)........... 24</p> <p>- Pile on ventral surface of metafemur long (the longest ones at least ⅔ of width of metafemur) (Fig. 7E)................ 25</p> <p>24. Tergum 4 with distinct transverse depression (Fig. 3B)................. Merodon trispinus Vujić et Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>- Tergum 4 with less distinct transverse depression (as in Fig. 3A: marked with arrow).......... Merodon loewi van der Goot</p> <p>25. Apex of metatibia with distinct lamella (Fig. A12 E–F: lm).......................... Merodon turcicus Vujić et Hayat</p> <p>- Apex of metatibia with smaller lamella (Fig. A13 C)........................................................ 26</p> <p>26. Tergum 5 and sternum 5 predominately pale pilose (a few black pile may be present) (Fig. 11A)...................... 27</p> <p>- Tergum 5 and sternum 5 with numerous black pile medially (Fig. 11B).......................................... 28</p> <p>27. Apical third of metafemur dorsally with shorter and adpressed pilosity (Fig. 7A).................................................................................................. Merodon acutus Vujić et Radenković sp. nov.</p> <p>- Apical third of metafemur dorsally with longer and less adpressed pilosity (Fig. 7E)..................................................................................................... Merodon ovaloides Vujić et Radenković</p> <p>28. Frons with narrow lateral pollinose vittae along eye margins (Fig. 11C); distribution: Caucasus, Georgia........................................................................................ Merodon portschinskyi Stackelberg</p> <p>- Frons with broader pollinose vittae along eye margins (Fig. 11D); distribution: Italy, Greece (Rhodes) and Turkey........................................................................................ Merodon planiceps Loew</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A2187E3FFE1FFDDFF61FF74FA1FFCB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Gorše, Iva;Djan, Mihajla;Ristić, Zlata Markov;Barkalov, Anatolii V.	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Gorše, Iva, Djan, Mihajla, Ristić, Zlata Markov, Barkalov, Anatolii V. (2022): Three new species of the Merodon ruficornis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) discovered at the edge of its range. Zootaxa 5182 (4): 301-347, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5182.4.1
