identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B95837FFE5A10E68E9FF06FA20FD7D.text	03B95837FFE5A10E68E9FF06FA20FD7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrosiphum ginajo Jensen 2022	<div><p>Macrosiphum ginajo n. sp.</p> <p>Fundatrix. Appearance in life: medium green. When macerated, as in apterae.</p> <p>Slide mounted, 4 specimens measured: Measurements of body, appendages, setae, etc. see Table 2. Antennae with segment I more or less smooth except a small cluster of small spinules ventrally near base, fewer than in most apterae. Tarsi with 3–4 setae on segment I (of 4 measured specimens, fore,mid,hind tarsi patterns were: 3,3,3: 2 specimens; 3,4,4: 1 specimen; 4,3,3: 1 specimens). Spiracles on ABD 1 and 2 about 2–3 spiracle widths apart. Siphunculi with ~8 rows of apical reticulation. Cauda on the broad end of the spectrum of variation in apterae. Abdomen usually without spinal tubercles on tergites 7 and 8. Subgenital plate with row of postero–marginal setae, 1 pair of anterior setae, and 0–1 setae on its disk. Otherwise as in apterae.</p> <p>...Continued on the next page</p> <p>Apterous vivipara. Appearance in life: medium green or reddish brown. When macerated, ANT I pale to dusky, ANT II rarely dusky, ANT III sometimes darker around rhinaria, all of ANT IV and V sometimes dusky to brown, antennal joints III–IV and IV–V brown, ANT VI brown. Head capsule mostly pale, sometimes dusky around bases of antennae; ocular tubercles brown. R III and R IV+V brown. Femora dusky to light brown except basal ~¼ pale, sometimes darker brown dorso–apically. Tips of tibiae brown, remainder dusky to light brown. Tarsi brown. Siphunculi more or less pale to light brown on apical ~½. Other body parts pale.</p> <p>Slide mounted, 20 specimens measured: Measurements of body, appendages, setae, etc. see Table 1. Antennae with segment I (Figs. 1, 7–8) more or less smooth except a cluster of small spinules ventrally near base and sometimes a few spinules medially near apex; ANT II (Figs. 7–8) with strong broad spinules/small imbrications on apical ½ ventrally, sometimes reduced in middle, spinules usually also present dorsally near apex; ANT III (Figs. 7–8) with small spinules near base, remainder more or less evenly covered in faint imbrications, rhinaria scattered over about ¼–⅓ of segment; ANT IV–VI with imbrications becoming more prominent; antennal setae capitate (capitate tips collapsed by caustic clearing treatments). Head with ANT tubercles as in Fig. 1; small spinal tubercles present or absent; dorsal setae long, blunt, tips less prominent than on antennae; ventral and dorsal setae more or less the same shape; a few to a few dozen spinules sometimes present ventrally between mouthparts and ANT tubercles; a small patch of spinules sometimes present posterio–ventrally on each side of mouthparts. Rostrum reaching posterior of mesocoxae; segment II with stylet groove spinulated, segments III and R IV+V without ornamentation; setae on rostrum pointed; R IV+V long, gradually tapering (Table 1, Fig. 3). Prothorax usually with faint to prominent lateral tubercles. Thorax with dorsum slightly wrinkled, setae appearing blunt, slightly capitate before clearing; setae on coxae and trochanters more or less pointed; femora with setae thick and blunt to slightly capitate, 3–4 ventral ones longer and thicker than others, ornamentation of spinules and small imbrications over apical ~½ anteriorly, this ornamentation more extensive on hind femur, extending around to posterior. Tibiae with setae thick and capitate near bases, more pointed near apices. Tarsi (Fig. 6) with 3–5 setae on segment I (of 20 measured specimens, fore,mid,hind tarsi patterns were: 3,3,3: 2 specimens; 3,3,4: 4 specimens; 3,4,3: 1 specimen; 3,4,4: 1 specimen; 3,5,4: 1 specimen; 3,5,5: 1 specimen; 4,3,3: 2 specimens; 4,3,4: 1 specimen; 4,3,5: 3 specimens; 4,4,5: 2 specimens; 5,3,4: 1 specimen; 5,5,5: 1 specimen); protarsal II with 2 (rarely 3) pairs of dorsal setae, imbrications smooth, rarely with faint spinules. Abdomen with tergum membranous, smooth; dorsal setae thick and blunt to slightly capitate, ventral setae pointed; segments 3–6 usually with small distinct lateral tubercles. Spiracles on ABD 1 and 2 about 2 spiracle widths apart. Siphunculi (Fig. 4) with ~8–12 rows of apical reticulation, faintly ribbed or spinulate imbrications more basally, becoming smaller and more ribbed or spinulate on basal ~¼. Cauda shape varying from broad basally and more or less triangular (e.g. Fig. 11), to parallel–sided and finger–like (e.g. Fig. 12); dorsal ornamentation of ribbed imbrications about 8 to 10 across width at middle; ventral ornamentation of spinules mostly single but some in groups of 2–3. Abdomen usually with faint spinal tubercles on tergites 7 and 8. Subgenital plate with row of postero–marginal setae, 1 pair of anterior setae, and 1 to several setae on its disk. Middle pair gonapophyses fused. Alate vivipara. Appearance in life: medium green or reddish brown. When macerated, ANT I brown, ANT II dusky to light brown, ANT III brown except extreme base, sometimes obviously darker around rhinaria, all of ANT IV–VI brown. Head capsule mostly dusky, brown around ocelli and bases of antennae, ocular tubercles brown. R III and R IV+V brown. Thoracic plates light brown to brown. Femora pale at base, darkening toward apex, apical ~¼ brown, darker dorsally and ventrally. Tibiae brown, paler in middle. Tarsi brown. Siphunculi dusky to brown on apical ~½. Other body parts pale.</p> <p>Slide mounted, 16 specimens measured: Measurements of body, appendages, setae, etc. see Table 1. Antennae with segment I more or less smooth except a cluster of small spinules ventrally near base and sometimes a few near medial margin near apex, overall fewer spinules than in apterae; ANT III (Fig. 5) with rhinaria scattered over about ⅔–⅘ of segment. Head with ANT tubercles as in Fig. 2; a few spinules sometimes present ventrally between mouthparts and ANT tubercles; ocelli present, normal. Rostrum reaching mesocoxae. Thoracic flight–related structures normal, wings normal with media twice–branched. Tarsi with 3–5 setae on segment I (of 16 measured specimens, fore,mid,hind tarsi patterns were: 3,3,3: 2 specimens; 3,3,4: 4 specimens; 3,4,3: 2 specimens; 3,4,4: 1 specimen; 4,3,3: 3 specimens; 4,3,4: 2 specimens; 5,3,4: 1 specimen; 5,4,5: 1 specimen). Cauda more or less as in apterae but narrower than most. Abdomen usually with 1–2 faint spinal tubercles on tergites 7 and 8. Otherwise as in apterae.</p> <p>Ovipara. Appearance in life: orange, brownish orange, pale beige. When macerated, ANT I pale to dusky, ANT II rarely dusky, ANT III sometimes darker around rhinaria, all of ANT IV and V often dusky to brown, antennal joints III–IV and IV–V brown, ANT VI brown. R III and R IV+V brown. Femora dusky to light brown except basal ~¼ pale, sometimes darker brown dorso–apically. Tips of tibiae brown, remainder dusky to light brown except metatiba brown throughout area with scent plaques. Tarsi brown. Head capsule mostly pale, ocular tubercles light brown. Siphunculi more or less pale to light brown on apical ~⅓. Other body parts pale.</p> <p>Slide mounted, 10 specimens measured: Measurements of body, appendages, setae, etc. see Table 2. Antennae with segment I more or less smooth except a cluster of small spinules ventrally near base and sometimes a few spinules medially near apex, fewer spinules than in most apterae; ANT II with strong broad spinules/small imbrications on apical ½ ventrally, often reduced in middle, a few spinules usually also present dorsally near apex; antennal setae nearly pointed, with very narrow collapsed glandular tips. Head with ANT tubercles slightly less prominent than in apterae; dorsal setae long, nearly pointed, tips less prominent than on antennae. Rostrum reaching metacoxae. Thorax with dorsum smooth to slightly wrinkled, setae appearing blunt, faintly capitate before clearing; femora with ornamentation of spinules and small imbrications over apical ~½ anteriorly, this ornamentation more extensive on hind femur, extending around to posterior, ornamentation less than in apterae. Tibiae with numerous scent plaques scattered over about basal ½, this area slightly swollen compared to apical ½. Tarsi with 3–5 setae on segment I (of 10 measured specimens, fore,mid,hind tarsi patterns were: 3,3,3: 4 specimens; 3,3,5: 1 specimen; 3,4,5: 1 specimen; 4,3,3: 2 specimens; 4,4,4: 1 specimen; 4,3,4: 1 specimen). Spiracles on ABD 1 and 2 about 2–3 spiracle widths apart. Siphunculi with ~8–10 rows of apical reticulation. Cauda shape varying in a similar way as in apterae. Abdomen usually with 1–2 faint spinal tubercles on tergites 7 and 8. Subgenital plate with row of postero–marginal setae, 1 pair of anterior setae, and ~10–20 setae on its disk. Otherwise as in apterae.</p> <p>Alate male. Appearance in life: mottled orange and green. When macerated, ANT I brown, ANT II light brown, ANT III brown except extreme base, which is pale to dusky, all of ANT IV–VI brown. R III and R IV+V brown. Thoracic plates light brown to dark brown. Femora pale at base, darkening toward apex, apical ~¼ brown, darker dorsally and ventrally. Tibiae brown, lighter brown in middle. Tarsi brown. Head capsule mostly brown, darkest around ocelli and bases of antennae, ocular tubercles brown. Siphunculi dusky to brown, darker on apical ½. Abdomen with the following dusky to brown: patches of variable size spinally, pleural muscle–attachment plates, lateral sclerites including ante– and post–siphuncular sclerites, small separate spiracular plates, and variable dusky to brown ventral patches pleurally on most segments. Cauda dusky to brown. Genitalia dusky to light brown. Other body parts pale.</p> <p>Slide mounted, 5 specimens measured: Measurements of body, appendages, setae, etc. see Table 2. Antennae with ANT III with rhinaria scattered over entire length of segment, ANT IV with rhinaria, when present, grouped near apex, ANT V with rhinaria also grouped apically. Tarsi with 3–5 setae on segment I (of 5 measured specimens, fore,mid,hind tarsi patterns were: 3,3,3: 1 specimen; 3,3,5: 1 specimen; 5,4,4: 1 specimen; 4,3,3: 1 specimen; 4,4,3: 1 specimen). Cauda narrower and shorter than in apterae and alatae. Abdomen usually with 1–2 faint spinal tubercles on tergites 7 and 8. Genitalia normal. Otherwise as in alatae.</p> <p>Type material and material examined (all collected by the author in the U.S.A.). Holotype slide, AJ8752, OREGON, Lake County, Gearhart Mountain, ex Silene, 16 July 2016 (2 ap, 1 al), deposited in the USNM.</p> <p>Paratypes (depositories other than the author’s collection so noted): CALIFORNIA: AJ 11361, AJ11362, AJ11363, Lassen County, Modoc National Forest, South Warners, Lost Lake, ex Silene, 11 August 2019 (7 ap); AJ11313, AJ11314, Plumas County, Plumas National Forest, Grizzly Ridge, ex Silene, 4 August 2019 (4 al); IDAHO: AJ5234, AJ5235, AJ5236, Shoshone County, Crater Peak, Forest road 301, ex Silene, 8 September 2010 (10 ap, 1 al); AJ4720, Benewah County, St. Joe Baldy, ex Silene, 8 August 2010 (1 al); OREGON: AJ11455, AJ11456, AJ11476, AJ11477, AJ11478 Lake County, Fremont N.F., Gearhart Mt. Trail, ex Silene, 7 September 2019, A.S. Jensen (6 ap, 2 al, 8 o, 3 am); AJ8750 (BMNH), AJ8751, Lake County, Gearhart Mountain, ex Silene, 16 July 2016 (4 ap, 1 al); AJ12315, Lake County, Fremont National Forest, near Rd. 094 on Cottonwood Meadow Lake, ex Silene, 6 September 2020 (2 ap); AJ9486, AJ9487, Lake County, Fremont National Forest, Gearhart Mt. Trail, ex Silene, 16 July 2017 (4 al); AJ12330, Lake County, Fremont National Forest, Rd. 3724 at Rd. 154 near Cottonwood Meadow Lake, ex Silene, 13 September 2020 (2 ap, 2 o); AJ9662, AJ9663, AJ9665 Lake County, Fremont National Forest, Gearhart Mt. trail, ex Silene, 17 September 2017 (1 ap, 6 o, 1 am); AJ12039, AJ12040, Wheeler County, Ochoco National Forest, Spanish Peak, ex Silene, 11 July 2020 (4 f); AJ12046, AJ12047, AJ12048, AJ12049, Wheeler County, Ochoco National Forest, Rim Trail near Spanish Peak, ex Silene, 12 July 2020 (7 ap, 4 al); WASHINGTON: AJ3391, AJ3392, Kittitas County, Alpine Lakes, ex Silene, 31 August 2008 (4 ap, 2 al).</p> <p>Other material examined: additional slides from the collections recorded above but that do not contain specimens measured for this description.</p> <p>Etymology. The species name is in honor of Gina Rone, who has supported hikes and camping outings aimed at finding this species for the past twelve years, waiting patiently in the forest as I search for Silene and its aphids. A geologist and forest soil scientist, Gina has helped me understand the ecology of this and many other aphids. For the purposes of the rules of nomenclature, the name should be considered an arbitrary combination of letters and treated as indeclinable.</p> <p>Biology and Distribution. This aphid lives without host alternation on glandular–sticky members of Silene, especially Silene oregana S. Watson. The full host range of M. ginajo is not known because the author has not been able to make accurate species identifications of all sampled plants. One sample from Shoshone County, Idaho was recorded as feeding on a Silene with pink flowers. This may have been Silene scouleri Hook., which is sticky like S. oregana, occurs across the known range of M. ginajo, and has pink flowers. Many stands of non–sticky Silene (probably Silene douglasii Hook.) have been searched for M. ginajo over the years, but without success. In the forests of Lake County, Oregon, where this aphid has been most thoroughly studied in the field, its S. oregana host plant occurs most commonly in association with white pine (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) or sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Douglas) and often on soils associated with rhyolitic parent material.</p> <p>So far, this aphid is known from Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho. The range of S. oregana also includes parts of Montana, Wyoming, and Nevada (Hitchcock &amp; Cronquist 1973), indicating that M. ginajo may occur in those states as well.</p> <p>Comments. Macrosiphum ginajo is unusual among Macrosiphum worldwide in the occurrence of more than 3 setae on first tarsal segments. When measuring and counting setae on just one side of each specimen, as done here for Tables 1 &amp; 2, there are examples of specimens with 3 setae on each tarsal segment I (i.e., possessing the formula 3,3,3), but this is uncommon. When evaluating all six tarsi on all measured apterae, none have 3 setae on all tarsi. Looking at other morphs, three fundatrices, one alata, and three oviparae were found with three setae on all first tarsal segments. On the other hand, no slides of M. ginajo (i.e., groups of 2– 4 specimens from the same locality and date), have all specimens with three setae on first tarsal segments. Therefore, this author considers first tarsal chaetotaxy to be useful in species recognition.</p> <p>Of North American Macrosiphum, M. ginajo is most similar to Macrosiphum aetheocornum. Detailed comparison of the two species can be seen in Figures 7–10 and 4 &amp; 13 and Tables 1–4. Similarities and differences between these species are discussed below in the comments on M. aetheocornum.</p> <p>Because aphids are mostly host–specific, it is important to present information for identifying aphids known from genera of host plants. I therefore present the following key to Macrosiphum recorded from Silene, modified from Blackman &amp; Eastop (2006 &amp; 2021) using their terminology and abbreviations (couplets 20–24 of the Sileneinhabiting aphid species key). A correction is also added to couplet 21 of Blackman and Eastop (2021) (couplet 22 below), clarifying that, based on data provided by Barjadze et al. (2017), the second feature should have been the ratio of R IV+V length and HT II length.</p> <p>20. SIPH with a subapical zone of polygonal reticulation........................................................21</p> <p>– SIPH without polygonal reticulation..................................................................... 26</p> <p>21. R IV + V 1.20 – 1.45 × HT II. At least one tarsal segment I with 4 or 5 setae (to confirm, check more than one specimen) …...................................................................................... Macrosiphum ginajo</p> <p>– R IV+V less than 1.20 × HT II. Tarsal segments I with 3 setae.................................................22</p> <p>22. ANT III with 10–33 rhinaria extending over most of length. R IV+V 0.60–0.84 × HT II............................ 23</p> <p>– ANT III with 1–12 rhinaria concentrated near base or on basal half. R IV+V 0.83–1.02 × HT II...................... 24</p> <p>23. SIPH 1.55–1.94 × cauda. (Al. with 36–43 secondary rhinaria on ANT III)........................ Macrosiphum eastopi</p> <p>– SIPH 1.22–1.58 × cauda. (Al. with 18–35 secondary rhinaria on ANT III)........................ Macrosiphum hartigi</p> <p>24. ANT PT/BASE 3.1–4.8. SIPH 1.4–1.8 × cauda which bears 12–22 hairs...................... Macrosiphum penfroense</p> <p>– ANT PT/BASE 4.2–6.4. SIPH 1.7–2.3 × cauda which bears 8–16 hairs..........................................25</p> <p>25. Femora usually with a dark spot or patch near apices. ABD TERG 2–3 with longest hair 26–56 μm, usually as long as or longer than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2–13 hairs in addition to those on posterior margin........ Macrosiphum stellariae</p> <p>– Femora pale or only slightly dusky at apices. ABD TERG 2–3 with longest hair 21–37 μm, usually shorter than ANT BD III. Subgenital plate with 2(–4) hairs on anterior part......................................... Macrosiphum euphorbiae</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B95837FFE5A10E68E9FF06FA20FD7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jensen, Andrew S.	Jensen, Andrew S. (2022): A new species of Macrosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on Silene (Caryophyllaceae). Zootaxa 5183 (1): 75-89, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.9
03B95837FFECA10968E9FD44FB10F9D2.text	03B95837FFECA10968E9FD44FB10F9D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrosiphum aetheocornum Smith and Knowlton 1939	<div><p>Macrosiphum aetheocornum Smith and Knowlton, 1939</p> <p>Macrosiphum aetheocornum Smith and Knowlton 1939: 211; Knowlton 1940: 197; Palmer 1952: 289; Eastop and Hille Ris Lambers 1976: 255; Smith and Parron 1978: 177; Remaudière and Remaudière 1997: 113; Blackman and Eastop 2006: 1206.</p> <p>Initial morphological studies of M. ginajo revealed that it is very similar to M. aetheocornum. The two species also share much of their geographical ranges, and both live on sticky–glandular host plants. Therefore, a thorough morphological analysis of M. aetheocornum was undertaken in conjunction with the description of M. ginajo.</p> <p>Material examined for measurements in Tables 3–4 (all collected by the author in the U.S.A.). CALIFORNIA: AJ 8708, Modoc County, Modoc National Forest, Warners – Summit Trail, ex Geranium, 23 July 2016 (2 ap, 1 al); COLORADO: AJ 9797, Ouray County, Canyon Creek Rd. near Ouray, ex Geranium richardsonii, 29 September 2017 (2 o, 1 am); AJ 5894, Pitkin County, McClure Pass, ex Geranium, 19 August 2012 (2 ap); IDAHO: AJ 6517, Boise County, Boise National Forest, Ridge Rd., ex Geranium richardsonii, 5 July 2017 (2 ap, 2 al); AJ 5832, Fremont County, Bishop Mt., ex Geranium richardsonii, 1 August 2012 (4 ap); AJ 6763, Boise County, Bogus Basin ski area, ex Geranium richardsonii, 31 August 2013 (2 ap); AJ 6547, Bonneville County, Hwy. 31 to Victor, ex Geranium richardsonii, 26 July 2013 (1 ap); MONTANA: AJ 4538, AJ 4539, Ravalli County, Bitterroot River, ex Geranium, 29 August 2010 (4 ap, 1 al); NEW MEXICO, AJ 4657, AJ 4658, AJ 4659, AJ 4660, Sandoval County, Santa Fe National Forest, S. of La Cueva, ex Geranium richardsonii, 25 September 2010 (8 ap, 2 o, 3 am); AJ 4429, AJ 4430, Sandoval County, Valles Caldera, Sulfur Springs Rd., ex Geranium richardsonii, 24 September 2010 (2 ap, 4 o); OREGON: AJ 6418, Grant County, Hwy 26 near Austin Jct., ex Geranium richardsonii, 14 June 2013 (1 ap, 2 al); AJ 9295, Grant County, Hwy 395 milepost 9C S. of John Day, ex Geranium richardsonii, 23 June 2017 (2 ap, 1 al); AJ 8492, Lake County, Warner Mts., Can Spring, ex Geranium richardsonii, 11 June 2016 (2 f); Lake County, Fremont National Forest, near pipeline, Warners, ex Geranium richardsonii, 7 August 2020 (2 ap); AJ 12223, Lake County, Fremont National Forest, Rd. 28, mile post 77, ex Geranium richardsonii, 21 August 2020 (1 ap); AJ 10900, AJ 10901, Lake County, Slope above Lake Abert, ex Geranium viscosissimum, 19 May 2019 (2 ap, 1 al); AJ 10619 Lake County, S. Warner Mts., Dismal Swamp area, ex Geranium viscosissimum, 11 August 2018 (1 ap); AJ 10574, Lake County, Slope Above Lake Abert, ex Geranium viscosissimum, 22 July 2018 (4 ap, 1 al); AJ 9270, Lake County, West side of Lakeview valley, ex Geranium viscosissimum, 10 June 2017 (2 ap, 2 al); AJ 8800, Lake County, Warners near Rogger Meadow, ex Geranium richardsonii, 7 August 2016 (3 ap, 1 al); AJ 11064, Lake County, Fremont National Forest, Augur Creek, ex Aquilegia – stray?, 30 June 2019 (2 al); AJ 11510, Lake County, Fremont National Forest, N. Warners milepost ~16, ex Holodiscus – stray, 21 September 2019 (1 o); UTAH, AJ 5803, Summit County, Uintas, Bear River, ex Geranium, 21 July 2012 (1 ap); AJ 5816, AJ 5817, AJ 5818, Summit County, Uintas, Mill Creek, ex Geranium, 21 July 2012 (4 ap, 2 al); AJ 7790, AJ 7791, Utah County, Mt. Timpanogos Trail, ex Geranium richardsonii, 20 September 2014 (3 o).</p> <p>Biology and Distribution. Macrosiphum aetheocornum feeds on native Geranium species, the species recorded by this author have been Geranium richardsonii Fisch &amp;Trautv. and Geranium viscosissimum F. &amp;M. Some collections listed above were recorded as Geranium due to the author’s limited plant taxonomy skills, but some of these were almost certainly species other than G. richardsonii and G. viscosissimum. In plants that are partially sticky–glandular, post–bloom, or that have the common intermediate pink flower color, the author struggles to confidently distinguish between the latter two species of Geranium, so not all species identifications can be relied upon.</p> <p>Macrosiphum aetheocornum has a full–season life cycle with sexuales in September. This differs from another common aphid that frequently occurs on the same host plants, Nasonovia (Capitosiphon) crenicorna Smith and Knowlton. The latter species has an abbreviated life cycle with sexuales in July and early August. The author has studied an unidentified species of Amphorophora that also has an abbreviated life cycle on especially glandular– sticky populations of G. viscosissimum; this aphid may be Amphorophora coloutensis Smith &amp; Knowlton, which has a similarly abbreviated life cycle, but available identification keys and references are inadequate for species identification. These aphids with abbreviated life cycles often occupy stands of Geranium in dryer habitats that dry out and enter dormancy during summer. Macrosiphum aetheocornum, on the other hand, with its full–season life cycle occupies plant stands in habitats that support vegetative growth all summer and into autumn. Typical habitats for M. aetheocornum are forested riparian zones and the understory of pine forests, but it can also be found on hot and dry slopes with spring–fed wet soils (such as the slopes above Lake Abert in Lake County, Oregon).</p> <p>The author has collected M. aetheocornum in Oregon, California, Montana, Idaho, Utah, New Mexico, and Colorado. It almost certainly occurs in neighboring states such as Washington, Nevada, Arizona, and Wyoming.</p> <p>Comments. The original description of this species uses the presence of setae on the siphunculi as its distinguishing feature, but as noted by Blackman &amp; Eastop (2006), not all specimens have these setae. This variation is within and between populations. Some collections have a mixture of seta–bearing and nonseta–bearing siphunculi, this variation sometimes within a single specimen. Other collections have no setae on siphunculi. The main challenge in recognizing this species, therefore, comes in populations lacking setae on siphunculi. Fortunately, M. aetheocornum has another feature that is unusual: a long, usually setose, R IV+V combined with a short HT II, resulting in an unusually large ratio of these two lengths, 1.21–1.62. Recognizing this species among aphids known to live on Geranium can be done using the key in Blackman &amp; Eastop 2021. The current study revealed slight deviation from characters used in that key including: SIPH x cauda range was expanded to 1.9–2.5, the range of accessory setae on R IV+V was widened substantially to 9–24, and the maximum number of setae on the siphunculi was increased to 9.</p> <p>Most of the collections this author has seen are easily recognized as M. aetheocornum except some specimens from New Mexico. These specimens, especially in terms of their R IV+V and HT II are concerningly similar to M. euphorbiae. One possible reason for this is that all New Mexico samples were collected in late September when specimens tend to be smaller and have reduced setation (e.g., as few as nine accessory setae on R IV+V).</p> <p>The reason M. aetheocornum was included in this paper is its similarity to M. ginajo. Morphologically the two species are so similar in most regards that any redescription of M. aetheocornum we might offer would be almost identical to the description of M. ginajo offered above. There are, however, key features in addition to host plant and habitat that distinguish the species. First is the frequent presence of setae on the siphunculi in M. aetheocornum; no specimen of M. ginajo has such setae. Second, the almost constant presence in M. ginajo of 4 or 5 setae on one or more tarsal segments I; of all M. aetheocornum specimens examined for this work, only one tarsal segment I had 4 setae, none had 5. In fact, some M. aetheocornum specimens have only two setae on some tarsal segments I, apparently lacking the middle “sense peg.” The exceptions within these characters between species further argues for a close relationship between the species and the need for backup characters to support identification of material in the absence of host plant records. One simple feature was recognized during this work: the relative ventral ornamentation of ANT I and II. Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the range of variation of M. ginajo, while Figures 9 and 10 depict M. aetheocornum. Note the much more extensive spinulation of the basal portion of ANT I in M. ginajo. In most specimens, M. ginajo also shows greater ornamentation of ANT II as in Figure 7, Figure 8 showing unusually reduced ornamentation of this segment. Another general trend of variation between these two species is the shape of secondary rhinaria on ANT III: the small tuberculate rhinaria shown in Figure 9 are common in M. aetheocornum but unusual in M. ginajo, Figure 8 showing a specimen with one small tuberculate rhinarium.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B95837FFECA10968E9FD44FB10F9D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jensen, Andrew S.	Jensen, Andrew S. (2022): A new species of Macrosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) living on Silene (Caryophyllaceae). Zootaxa 5183 (1): 75-89, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.9
