taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B887DBFFECFFA9FF3BF99DBF2FF910.taxon	discussion	An aphid species attacking upland rice was described under the name Schizoneura nigriabdominalis by Chujiro Sasaki (1899), who reported that this species forms large colonies, including apterous adults, in early July on the roots of upland rice in Tokyo. Alate adults were observed on the roots in early August. The life cycle and the primary host plant were not mentioned, and the morphology of the apterous and alate adults was described with figures. The type specimens are considered to be lost. Later, Tanaka (1961) transferred this species to Tetraneura, resulting in the combination T. nigriabdominalis. In the revision of Tetraneura by Hille Ris Lambers (1970), T. nigriabdominalis was redescribed with a neotype designated based on a specimen collected from the roots of Oryza sativa in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. In the revision, Hille Ris Lambers divided this species into four types: first, the gall generation on Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; second, the root generations collected from the roots of upland rice in Japan; third, the root generations collected from grass roots in India and Indonesia; and fourth, the root generations collected from grass roots in Africa and America. Eastop & Blackman (2005) pointed out that all African records of T. nigriabdominalis as well as many of those from Asia should be referred to T. fusiformis, although a Tetraneura species collected on upland rice in East Asia was of the true nigriabdominalis. Later, Sasaki (1904) described an aphid species that induces galls on the leaves of U. parvifolia under the name T. akinire (“ akinire ” refers to U. parvifolia in Japanese). The locality is not mentioned, but Tokyo is most likely. The type specimens also considered to be lost. Therefore, nigriabdominalis is a specific epithet of root generation, whereas akinire is for gall generation. Hille Ris Lambers (1970) treated T. akinire as a distinct species from T. nigriabdominalis based on tarsal characters of first instar nymphs of the root generations, and designated a neotype for T. akinire based on a specimen collected from a gall on U. parvifolia in Osaka, Japan. Hille Ris Lambers (1970) indicated that it is very difficult to distinguish T. nigriabdominalis from T. akinire, and that the only distinction is whether the tarsi of first instar nymphs of the root generations are either spinulose (in nigriabdominalis) or smooth (in akinire). However, the tarsal character is variable and does not constitute a diagnostic character (see Results and Discussion). Tetraneura akinire is currently recognized as a junior synonym of T. nigriabdominalis (Blackman & Eastop 2021; Favret 2021). Although the name T. nigriabdominalis has been used by many authors for a long time when referring to gall and root generations, the original description has rarely been checked by researchers. In this study, we examined the original description written in Japanese, and concluded that Schizoneura nigriabdominalis Sasaki, 1899 does not belong to Tetraneura, but probably to Anoecia. The original description of S. nigriabdominalis indicates that nymphs produced by apterous adults have red compound eyes and 6 - segmented antennae, and that the alate adults have the third “ oblique veins ” (= media) forked in the fore wings. None of these characters were consistent with those of Tetraneura spp. (Hille Ris Lambers 1970; Heie 1980; Foottit & Richards 1993). In addition, the proportions of the antennal segments in apterous and alate adults in the figure are different from those of Tetraneura spp. An alate female depicted in the figure has a blackish posterodorsal abdominal patch, which is usually seen in the alate females of Anoecia spp. (“ nigriabdominalis ” is probably named after the blackish abdominal patch). The figure shows that the apterous adult has a pleural transverse dark band on each thoracic and abdominal segment, which is not seen in exule adults of Tetraneura spp. Furthermore, in Tetraneura species, it is difficult to collect a number of alate females from the roots of the secondary host in August. These lines of information clearly indicate that Schizoneura nigriabdominalis Sasaki, 1899 does not belong to Tetraneura, so the name T. nigriabdominalis should be discarded as an incorrect combination. Matsumura (1917 a) treated Schizoneura nigriabdominalis Sasaki, 1899 and S. fulviabdominalis Sasaki, 1899 as synonyms of Anoecia corni, which was later treated as A. fulviabdominalis. Tanaka (1957), however, stated that Schizoneura nigriabdominalis Sasaki, 1899 appears to be the same species as Byrsocrypta ulmi L., and then in Tanaka (1961) nigriabdominalis was erroneously transferred to Tetraneura. Therefore, the name T. akinire Sasaki 1904 was revived for the species that induces galls on U. parvifolia. Tetraneura akinire Sasaki, 1904 is a valid name and a senior synonym of T. fusiformis Matsumura, T. hirsuta (Baker), and T. chinensis Mordvilko. However, it is still unknown whether a Tetraneura species that induces galls on U. davidiana and attacks the roots of upland rice and other gramineous species is T. akinire, and this problem is dealt with in the next section. Tetraneura hirsuta was described based on specimens from the roots of rice in the Philippine Islands, while T. chinensis was described from galls on an Ulmus species in China. Mordvilko (1935) treated T. chinensis as a synonym of T. hirsuta, which was later treated as a synonym of T. nigriabdominalis (= T. akinire sensu novo) by Eastop & Hille Ris Lambers (1976).	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFEFFFA8FF3BF8EDBC9DFEEC.taxon	discussion	Another species in the species group is T. sorini, which was described based on a specimen collected from a gall on a leaf of Ulmus sp. in Sapporo, Hokkaido. The host plant is most likely U. davidiana var. japonica, which is the most common elm species in Hokkaido. Hille Ris Lambers (1970) reported that this species is also distributed in Korea. Tetraneura sorini is sometimes confused with T. akinire sensu novo because the fundatrix first instars of T. sorini coexist with those of T. akinire and other Tetraneura species on the same elm tree. The fundatrix first instar of this species is very large in body size and parasitic to other Tetraneura species, usurping incipient galls of T. akinire or other Tetraneura species (Akimoto & Yamaguchi 1997; Muramatsu & Akimoto 2016); thus, T. sorini galls frequently coexist with those of other species. We redescribed this species based on the fundatrix first instar, emigrant and sexupara.	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFEEFFA8FF3BFE71B9FEFC64.taxon	discussion	This species was described based on gall generations of U. davidiana var. japonica collected from Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. The gall was reported to be rosy-red and spindle-shaped. Rosy-red galls are common in U. davidiana var. japonica in central and northern Hokkaido, Japan (Figure 1 I). Type specimens are considered to be lost. Hille Ris Lambers (1970) treated this specific name as a junior synonym of T. nigriabdominalis sensu Hille Ris Lambers (1970). However, Blackman & Eastop (2021) and Favret (2021) treated T. fusiformis as a valid name. Therefore, currently, the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships between T. akinire in Honshu and T. fusiformis in Hokkaido have not been evaluated. Lee et al. (2012) showed that T. nigriabdominalis (= T. akinire) and T. fusiformis are genetically divided into two groups (types A and B) based on the mitochondrial COI sequence, with ca. 2 % divergence between the two types. Type A (T. akinire) is widely distributed in Japan, whereas type B (T. fusiformis) is distributed only in Hokkaido, with the two types coexisting at Sapporo. Thus, it is necessary to determine whether the two types can be regarded as the same species, and how T. fusiformis should be taxonomically dealt with. The present study examines this problem based on morphological and molecular evidence. To examine the phylogenetic relationships between T. akinire and T. fusiformis, we compared the mitochondrial COI sequences of samples collected widely from Europe, North America, Japan (Honshu, Okinawa, and Hokkaido), South Korea, and Malaysia.	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFE7FFA4FF3BF882BFB8F814.taxon	description	Antennae short, 5 - segmented, smooth and not imbricated, 0.12 − 0.14 (0.13) mm long, 0.20 (0.20) times as long as body, 0.75 − 0.89 (0.81) times hind femorotrochanter length (Figure 4 D). Antennal segment V as long as or slightly shorter than segment IV; processus terminalis indistinguishable. Antennal segment IV square-shaped, rather wider to the apex. Antennal segment III short, 1 / 5 − 1 / 4 length of segment IV. Primary rhinarium projecting as a horn with the tip not pointed, 0.009 − 0.016 (0.012) mm long on segment IV and 0.010 − 0.015 (0.012) mm long on segment V; that on segment V with 2 − 4 circular accessory rhinaria on the base. Segment V with 6 − 7 setae, of which the basal one is the longest with a conspicuously capitate tip, 0.031 − 0.059 (0.048) mm long. Antennal segment IV with 4 − 5 setae. Head and prothorax completely fused. Head and prothorax with 5 − 7 pairs of setae dorsally, 1 pair on the vertex, 1 − 2 pair (s) ventrally and 2 pairs laterally. Meso- and metanotum each with 1 spinal pair, 1 pleural pair and 2 lateral pairs of setae. Dorsal and lateral setae on head and thorax capitated. Rostrum reaching hind coxae; ultimate rostral segment rather slender, 0.09 − 0.11 (0.10) mm long, 0.50 − 0.64 (0.57) times as long as hind femorotrochanter, with 12 setae. Legs smooth; fore femorotrochanter 0.11 − 0.14 (0.13) mm long, fore tibia 0.083 − 0.107 (0.097) mm long, hind femorotrochanter 0.15 − 0.19 (0.17) mm long and hind tibia 0.13 − 0.18 (0.16) mm long. Tarsal segment I completely fused with segment II, with an unsclerotized spot basally. One pair of dorsoapical setae on tarsus thick and capitate, 0.065 − 0.087 (0.074) mm long on hind legs. One pair of ventrobasal setae on tarsus tapering but not pointed, 0.058 − 0.076 (0.064) mm long on hind legs. One pair of empodial setae capitate, slightly longer than the claws. Spiracles with round rims, not projecting, 0.008 − 0.011 (0.010) mm in diameter. Abdominal tergites I−VI each with 1 spinal and 1 lateral pair of setae; tergite I with 1 pleural pair additionally; tergites II−IV sometimes with 1 pleural pair additionally. Tergite VII with 1 spinal and 1 lateral pair of setae; tergite VIII and cauda each with 1 pair of spinal setae. Cauda with 4 setae ventrally. Spinal setae on tergite V 0.011 − 0.015 (0.013) mm long. Lateral setae on tergite II 0.015 − 0.024 (0.020) mm long, on VI 0.021 − 0.035 (0.029) mm long, on VII 0.033 − 0.043 (0.037) mm long. Dorsal and lateral setae on abdominal segments capitate. Exule first instar nymph: Body rather elongate, posteriorly broadly rounded, mostly membranous with wax grand plates on the whole body except posterior abdominal segments, 0.84 − 0.88 (on average 0.87) mm long and 0.40 − 0.46 (0.43) mm wide, 0.47 − 0.52 (0.50) times as wide as long; eyes indistinct, with 3 ommatidia (Figure 5 A). Antennae short, 5 - segmented, 0.32 (0.32) mm long, 0.37 − 0.38 (0.37) times as long as body, 1.31 − 1.38 (1.35) times as long as hind femorotrochanter. The length of antennal segment I 0.047 − 0.049 (0.048) mm, II 0.056 − 0.061 (0.059), III 0.024 − 0.038 (0.030), IV 0.108 − 0.130 (0.119), and V 0.045 − 0.054 (0.049). Antennal segments I−III not imbricated and smooth, but segments IV and V imbricated with transverse rows of spinules. Segment I with 3 − 4 setae, II with 3 − 5, III with 0 − 2, IV with 10 − 18 and V with 6 − 7. Segment II cylindrical. Segment III thicker apically. Segment IV imbricated, cylindrical, slightly thicker apically, with 19 − 21 transverse rows of spinules, which are dense on the apical half. Primary rhinarium on segment IV with 1 oval opening, the outer circumference of which is ciliated with 2 tongue-like projections. Segment V wholly with transverse rows of spinules, with an undeveloped processus terminalis, the apex of which is truncated obliquely. Primary rhinarium on segment V with 2 openings, the outer circumferences are ciliated with 1 − 3 tongue-like projections. Suture on head visible; antennal tubercles not developed; vertex nearly flat. Head with 5 pairs of setae dorsally, 1 pair on the vertex, 2 − 3 pairs ventrally. Rostrum reaching over the hind coxae; ultimate segment convergent almost straightly, 0.11 − 0.12 (0.11) mm long, 0.43 − 0.50 (0.45) times as long as hind femorotrochanter, with 14 − 16 setae. Femorotrochanters, tibiae and tarsi smooth (Figures 5 D, G). Fore femorotrochanters 0.20 − 0.21 (0.20) mm long and fore tibiae 0.18 − 0.19 (0.18) mm long. Hind femorotrochanters 0.24 − 0.26 (0.24) mm long, 0.34 − 0.42 (0.37) times as wide as long. Hind tibiae 0.24 − 0.26 (0.24) mm long. Tarsal segments I and II completely united without a slit. Hind tarsi 0.053 − 0.060 (0.056) mm long; hind claws 0.074 − 0.082 (0.079) mm long, 1.34 − 1.52 (1.41) times as long as hind tarsal length. Body setae acute. Each thoracic segment pleurally with 2 pairs of setae. Each of abdominal segments I−VII pleurally with 1 pairs of setae. Mesonotum, metanotum and abdominal tergites I−VI spinally with 3 pairs of setae. Tergite VII with 1 or 2 pairs of spinal setae. Lengths of spinal setae on abdominal tergite III 0.034 − 0.047 (0.040) mm long. Wax gland plates present on head, thoracic segments, and abdominal segments I−VII; head ventrally with 2 pairs of wax gland plates, which are nearly circular; prothorax with 1 pair pleurally; mesothorax and metathorax respectively with 2 − 3 small and inconspicuous pairs; abdominal segments I−VII respectively with 2 − 4 pairs, which are inconspicuous and circular or long oval (Figure 5 K). Abdominal sternites III−VII respectively with 2 − 3 setae. Cauda dorsally with 1 pair of setae spinally, 1 pair laterally, and 1 longer pair ventrally. Emigrant adult: Body 1.75 − 2.00 (1.84) mm long, without wax gland plates (Figure 6 A). Head and thorax dark brown; antennae and legs brown. Wings wholly shaded in brown, slightly darker along veins. Antennae 6 - segmented, 0.65 − 0.72 (0.68) mm long, 0.36 − 0.38 (0.37) times as long as body, 0.98 − 1.08 (1.04) times as long as hind tibia (Figure 6 D). Antennal segments III−VI pigmented thinly; segment V and VI imbricated with numerous transverse rows of spinules. Segment IV sparsely with spinules between secondary rhinaria in some individuals. Segments I−III not imbricated and smooth. Antennal segment III variable in length, 0.23 − 0.29 (0.25) mm long, 0.72 − 0.81 (0.75) times the length of IV, V and VI combined. Segment IV rather oval in profile, 0.43 − 0.46 (0.44) times as wide as long. Segment V 0.16 − 0.19 (0.17) mm long, 0.61 − 0.78 (0.69) times as long as segment III, 0.17 − 0.22 (0.19) times as wide as long at the middle point. Segment VI 0.38 − 0.47 (0.42) times as wide as long, thickest at the middle point, with a depression at the primary rhinarium, which is elongated transversely; segment VI wholly with spinules arranged in 14 − 15 transverse rows, without secondary rhinaria (Figure 6 G). Secondary rhinaria present on segments III−V, narrow, slightly projecting, microscopically represented as blight lines on dark pigmented background, covering usually 2 / 3 or the whole circle of the segments from the ventral side. Antennal setae on segments III−V very short and scarce, present on the dorsal side; the longest seta on segment V 0.013 − 0.017 (0.015) mm long; segment III with 1 − 2, IV with 0 − 2, V with 3 − 4 and VI with 4 − 5 setae, of which 3 are present apically and 1 − 2 on the basal half. Suture on head invisible; antennal tubercles not developed; vertex nearly flat. Head dorsally with 4 − 5 and ventrally with 6 − 11 pairs of setae, respectively; of them, 3 − 7 pairs of ventral setae situated near the base of clypeus. Rostrum short, not reaching the middle point between the coxae of fore and middle legs. Ultimate rostral segment short, with gently convex margins and 6 pairs of short setae, 0.078 − 0.103 (0.086) mm long, 0.50 − 0.58 (0.53) times as long as the second segment of hind tarsi (Figure 6 J). Femorotrochanter not imbricated and smooth; hind femorotrochanter 0.43 − 0.54 (0.48) mm long, 0.69 − 0.76 (0.72) times as long as hind tibia. Tibiae slightly spinulose at the terminal; hind tibia 0.60 − 0.74 (0.65) mm long. Tarsi with numerous spinules neatly arranged in transverse rows; first tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 3: 3; second segment of hind tarsus 0.15 − 0.18 (0.16) mm long; empodial setae almost the same length as claws (Figure 6 M). Abdomen wholly membranous, with short setae. Cornicles absent. Genital plate slightly brown-pigmented, with 30 − 44 (35.4) setae (Figure 6 P). Cauda semicircular, with 2 setae. Fore wings with unbranched media; the veins rather broad, not conspicuously bordered. Hind wings only with 1 inconspicuous oblique vein. Sexupara adult: Since the sexupara is morphologically close to the emigrant in many respects, the characters that differ between the two morphs and are indispensable for identification will be referred to. Body 1.80 – 2.07 (1.95) mm long. Wax gland plates present on the whole body except the posterior segments of abdomen (Figure 7 A). Antennae 6 - segmented, 0.78 – 0.94 (0.86) mm long, 0.43 – 0.46 (0.44) times as long as body, 1.12 – 1.13 (1.12) times as long as hind tibia (Figure 7 D). Antennal segments III – VI pigmented thinly; segments V and VI imbricated with numerous transverse rows of spinules; segment IV sparsely with spinules between secondary rhinaria; segments I – III not imbricated and smooth; segment III 0.28 – 0.39 (0.33) mm long, 1.32 times as long as that of the emigrant, 0.70 – 0.93 (0.84) times as long as segments IV, V and VI combined; segment IV rather oval in outline, 0.45 – 0.59 (0.51) times as wide as long; segment V cylindrical, 0.20 – 0.25 (0.23) mm long, 0.14 – 0.20 (0.16) times as wide as long, 0.60 – 0.80 (0.69) times as long as segment III; segment VI 0.063 – 0.076 (0.071) mm long, 0.39 – 0.48 (0.44) times as wide as long, with the middle thickest; segment VI with spinules arranged in 15 – 16 transverse rows, without secondary rhinaria. Primary rhinarium present on segment VI, tongue-like, elongate transversely with ciliated rims (Figure 7 G). Secondary rhinaria present on the segments III – V, 0.002 – 0.005 (0.003) mm wide, slightly projecting, microscopically represented as the blight lines on dark pigmented background, covering usually 1 / 2 to the whole circumference from the ventral side, more numerous than in emigrant. Antennal setae short and scarce, present on the dorsal surface, 0.014 – 0.019 (0.016) mm long on segment V. Suture on head invisible; antennal tubercles not developed; vertex nearly flat. Head dorsally and ventrally with 6 pairs of setae, respectively; of them, 4 pairs of ventral setae situated near the base of clypeus. Median ocellus and 1 pair of wax gland plates situated posteriorly to the ocellus, forming a triangle (Figure 7 J). Ultimate rostral segment 0.10 – 0.11 (0.10) mm long with 7 pairs of setae, convergent with almost straight margins, 0.60 – 0.67 (0.64) times as long as the second segment of hind tarsus, 1.20 times as long as that of the emigrant (Figure 8 A). Pronotum with 2 pairs of wax plates spinally and 1 pair of them pleurally; metanotum and mesonotum each with 1 pair of them spinally. Femorotrochanter and tibia slightly longer than those of the emigrant. First tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 3: 3. The second segment of hind tarsus slightly shorter than that of the emigrant; second segment of hind tarsus 0.21 – 0.22 (0.21) times as long as hind tibia (in emigrant, the proportion is 0.24 – 0.27 (0.25 )). Abdominal tergites membranous without sclerites (Figure 7 A). Wax gland plates present on the first to seventh abdominal tergites, 1 pair spinally, 1 pair marginally, and sometimes 1 pair of small ones pleurally; round or oval in the outline, with variation in the size, consisting of 1 – 50 (23) minute round facets (Figure 8 G, J). Cornicles present on the pleural and posterior positions of the fifth abdominal tergite, 0.039 – 0.053 (0.045) mm in diameter, with slightly projecting rim, which is sclerotized slightly (Figure 8 M). The first to sixth abdominal tergites with 6 – 10 short setae, respectively; the seventh tergite with 6 – 8 long setae. The second to sixth abdominal sternites with 16 – 20 short setae, respectively. Dorsal, abdominal setae 0.017 – 0.034 (0.023) mm long on segment III spinally, 0.074 – 0.109 (0.087) mm long on segment VIII pleurally. Genital plates slightly brown-pigmented, with 13 – 23 (16.7) setae on each of the right and left sides (Figure 8 P).	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFE7FFA4FF3BF882BFB8F814.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant: Primary host: Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. Secondary host: Setaria spp. and other gramineous species. Paratypes: Fundatrix first instar nymph: 30 exs, Sapporo, Hokkaido, V. 1994, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto; 4 exs, Teshikaga, Hokkaido, 27. VII. 1985, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto. Emigrant adult: 8 exs, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 20. VI. 1984, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto; 12 exs, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 17. VI. 2000, on U. davidiana var. japonica, M. Sano. Exule first instar nymph: 1 ex., Sapporo, Hokkaido, 14. IX. 1985, on grass roots, S. Akimoto; 4 exs, Hirosaki, Aomori, 30. IX. 1983, on grass roots, S. Akimoto; 1 ex, Hirosaki, Aomori, 29. IX. 1983, on grass roots, S. Akimoto. Sexupara adult: 10 exs, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 15. X. 1985, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto.	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFE7FFA4FF3BF882BFB8F814.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: Emigrant adult: Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan, 20. VI. 1984, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto leg. The holotype and other specimens examined are deposited in The Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo, Japan.	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFE7FFA4FF3BF882BFB8F814.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Aomori).	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFE7FFA4FF3BF882BFB8F814.taxon	etymology	Etymology: from globular shape of the gall.	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFFDFFBFFF3BFF75BE82F9FC.taxon	description	Fundatrix first instar nymph: Body elliptical, becoming thinner posteriorly, 0.63 − 0.83 (on average 0.75) mm long, 0.27 − 0.37 (0.31) mm wide on abdominal segment II, 0.39 − 0.47 (0.42) times as wide as long (Figure 4 B). All tergites sclerotized strongly, except for the posterior part of each segment. No wax gland plates present. Eyes each with 3 ommatidia. Capitated setae present on antennae, legs, and whole body dorsally. Antennae short, 5 - segmented, smooth and not imbricated, 0.15 − 0.18 (0.16) mm long, 0.19 − 0.25 (0.22) times as long as body, 0.58 − 0.75 (0.68) times hind femorotrochanter length (Figure 4 E). Antennal segment V almost equal to or slightly shorter than segment IV; processus terminalis indistinguishable. Antennal segment II square-shaped. Antennal segment IV slightly oval-shaped and wider to the apex. Antennal segment III short, 1 / 4 − 1 / 6 length of segment IV. Primary rhinarium projecting as a horn with the tip not pointed, 0.010 − 0.013 (0.012) mm long on segment IV and 0.012 − 0.015 (0.013) mm long on segment V; that on segment V with 3 − 4 circular accessory rhinaria on the base. Segment V with 6 − 8 setae, of which the basal one is the longest with a conspicuously capitate tip, 0.054 − 0.075 (0.064) mm long. Antennal segment IV with 4 − 7 setae. Head and prothorax with 5 – 7 pairs of setae dorsally, 1 pair on the vertex, 1 − 2 pair (s) ventrally and 2 pairs laterally. Meso- and metanotum each with 1 spinal pair, 1 pleural pair and 2 lateral pairs of setae. Dorsal and lateral setae on head and thorax capitated. Rostrum reaching hind coxae; ultimate rostral segment rather slender, 0.10 − 0.12 (0.11) mm long, 0.44 − 0.52 (0.47) times as long as hind femorotrochanter, with 12 − 18 (12.8) setae. Legs smooth; fore femorotrochanter 0.13 − 0.17 (0.15) mm long, fore tibia 0.10 − 0.13 (0.12) mm long, hind femorotrochanter 0.18 − 0.27 (0.23) mm long and hind tibia 0.16 − 0.24 (0.21) mm long. Tarsal segment I completely fused with segment II, with an unsclerotized spot basally. One pair of dorsoapical setae on tarsus thick and capitate, 0.083 − 0.104 (0.098) mm long on hind legs. One pair of ventrobasal setae on tarsus tapering but not pointed, 0.068 − 0.097 (0.083) mm long on hind legs. One pair of empodial setae slightly longer than the claws. Spiracles with round rims, not projecting, 0.012 − 0.015 (0.013) mm in diameter. Abdominal tergites I−VI each with 1 spinal and 1 lateral pair of setae; tergite I with 1 pleural pair additionally; tergites II−IV sometimes with 1 pleural pair additionally. Tergite VII with 1 spinal and 1 lateral pair of setae; tergite VIII and cauda each with 1 pair of spinal setae. Cauda with 4 setae ventrally. Spinal setae on tergite V 0.014 − 0.028 (0.019) mm long. Lateral setae on tergite II 0.031 − 0.047 (0.037) mm long, on VI 0.041 − 0.050 (0.045) mm long, on VII 0.045 − 0.056 (0.051) mm long. Dorsal and lateral setae on abdominal segments capitated. Exule first instar nymph: Body rather elongate, posteriorly broadly rounded, mostly membranous with wax grand plates on the whole body except posterior abdominal segments, 0.71 − 0.94 (0.81) mm long and 0.33 − 0.54 (0.39) mm wide, 0.43 − 0.57 (0.48) times as wide as long; eyes indistinct, with 3 ommatidia (Figure 5 B). Antennae short, 5 - segmented, 0.26 − 0.30 (0.29) mm long, 0.32 − 0.38 (0.35) times as long as body, 1.22 − 1.28 (1.25) times as long as hind femorotrochanter. The length of antennal segment I 0.037 − 0.050 (0.044) mm, II 0.045 − 0.055 (0.050), III 0.015 − 0.029 (0.022), IV 0.088 − 0.119 (0.104), and V 0.047 − 0.051 (0.049). Antennal segments I−III not imbricated and smooth, segments IV and V imbricated with transverse rows of spinules. Segment I with 4 setae, II with 3 − 4, III with 0 − 1, IV with 11 − 22 and V with 6. Segment II cylindrical. Segment III thicker apically. Segment IV imbricated, cylindrical, slightly thicker apically, with 17 − 25 transverse rows of spinules, which are dense on the apical half. Primary rhinarium on segment IV with 1 oval opening, the outer circumference of which is ciliated with 2 tongue-like projections. Segment V wholly with transverse rows of spinules, with an undeveloped processus terminalis. Primary rhinarium on segment V with 2 openings, the outer circumferences are ciliated with 1 − 3 tongue-like projections. Suture on head visible; antennal tubercles not developed; vertex nearly flat. Head with 4 − 5 pairs of setae dorsally, 1 pair on the vertex, 2 − 4 pairs ventrally. Rostrum reaching over the hind coxae; ultimate segment convergent almost straightly, 0.11 − 0.12 (0.12) mm long, 0.48 − 0.57 (0.51) times as long as hind femorotrochanter, with 14 − 16 setae. Femorotrochanters smooth. Tibiae imbricated with transverse rows of spinules apically (Figure 5 E). Tarsi not smooth and imbricated with 6 − 10 transverse rows of spinules (Figure 5 H). Spinules in apical tibiae and tarsi absent in 23.8 % of the individuals examined (n = 84) (Figure 5 I). Fore femorotrochanters 0.17 − 0.21 (0.19) mm long and fore tibiae 0.15 − 0.19 (0.18) mm long. Hind femorotrochanters 0.19 − 0.25 (0.23) mm long, 0.35 − 0.42 (0.39) times as wide as long. Hind tibiae 0.20 − 0.26 (0.23) mm long. Tarsal segments I and II completely united without a slit. Hind tarsi 0.056 − 0.068 (0.063) mm long; hind claws 0.060 − 0.078 (0.071) mm long, 1.02 − 1.28 (1.12) times as long as hind tarsal length. Body setae acute. Each thoracic segment pleurally with 2 pairs of setae. Each of abdominal segments I−VII pleurally with 1 pairs of setae. Mesonotum, metanotum and abdominal tergites I−VI spinally with 3 pairs of setae. Tergite VII with 2 − 4 spinal setae. Lengths of spinal setae on abdominal tergite III 0.039 − 0.053 (0.045) mm long. Wax gland plates present on head, thoracic segments, and abdominal segments I−VII; head ventrally with 2 pairs of wax gland plates, which are nearly circular; prothorax with 1 pair pleurally; mesothorax and metathorax respectively with 2 – 3 small and inconspicuous pairs; abdominal segments I−VII respectively with 2 − 4 pairs, which are inconspicuous and circular or long oval (Figure 5 L). Abdominal sternites III−VII respectively with 2 − 6 setae. Cauda dorsally with 1 pair of setae spinally, 1 pair laterally, and 1 longer pair ventrally. Emigrant adult: Body 1.79 − 2.84 (2.14) mm long, without wax gland plates (Figure 6 B). Head and thorax dark brown; antennae and legs brown. Wings wholly shaded in brown, slightly darker along veins. Antennae 6 - segmented, 0.60 − 0.80 (0.68) mm long, 0.28 − 0.37 (0.33) times as long as body, 0.96 − 1.10 (1.02) times as long as hind tibia (Figure 6 E). Antennal segments V and VI pigmented thinly; segment V and VI imbricated with numerous transverse rows of spinules. Segment IV, depending on the individuals, with spinules sparsely between secondary rhinaria. Segments I−III not imbricated and smooth. Antennal segment III variable in length, 0.18 − 0.25 (0.22) mm long, 0.59 − 0.71 (0.62) times the length of IV, V and VI combined. Segment IV rather oval in profile, 0.44 − 0.74 (0.53) times as wide as long. Segment V 0.16 − 0.24 (0.19) mm long, 0.73 − 0.99 (0.87) times as long as segment III, 0.14 − 0.21 (0.17) times as wide as long at the middle point. Segment VI 0.41 − 0.55 (0.46) times as wide as long, thickest at the middle point, with a depression at the primary rhinarium, which is elongated transversely; segment VI wholly with spinules arranged in 14 − 17 transverse rows, without secondary rhinaria (Figure 6 H). Secondary rhinaria present on segments III−V, narrow, slightly projecting, microscopically represented as blight lines on dark pigmented background, covering usually 1 / 4 − 2 / 3 circumference of the segments from the ventral side. Antennal setae on segments III−V short and scarce, present on the dorsal side; the longest seta on segment V 0.011 − 0.016 (0.014) mm long; segment III with 8 − 14, IV with 1 − 4, V with 8 − 21 and VI with 5 − 7 setae, of which 3 − 4 are present apically and 1 − 3 on the basal half. Suture on head invisible; antennal tubercles not developed; vertex nearly flat. Head dorsally with 5 − 7 and ventrally with 6 − 9 pairs of setae, respectively; of them, 5 − 7 pairs of ventral setae situated near the base of clypeus. Rostrum short, not reaching the middle point between the coxae of fore and middle legs. Ultimate rostral segment short, with gently convex margins and 6 − 7 pairs of short setae, 0.077 − 0.095 (0.087) mm long, 0.45 − 0.60 (0.51) times as long as the second segment of hind tarsi (Figure 6 K). Femorotrochanter not imbricated and smooth; hind femorotrochanter 0.42 − 0.58 (0.51) mm long, 0.73 − 0.79 (0.76) times as long as hind tibia. Tibia slightly spinulose at the terminal; hind tibia 0.56 − 0.76 (0.67) mm long. Tarsi with numerous spinules neatly arranged in numerous transverse rows; second segment of hind tarsus 0.16 − 0.18 (0.17) mm long; first tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 2 − 3: 2; empodial setae slightly shorter than claws (Figure 6 N). Abdomen membranous except genital plate, anal plate and cauda, which are slightly pigmented. Cornicles absent. Genital plate, slightly brown-pigmented, with 32 − 46 (39.1) setae (Figure 6 Q). Cauda semicircular, with 2 setae. Fore wings with unbranched media; the veins rather broad, not conspicuously bordered. Hind wings only with 1 inconspicuous oblique vein. Sexupara adult: Since the sexupara is morphologically close to the emigrant in many respects, the characters that differ between the two morphs and are indispensable for identification will be referred to. Body 1.77 – 2.44 (2.20) mm long. Wax gland plates present on the whole body except the posterior segments of abdomen (Figure 7 B). Antennae 6 - segmented, 0.76 – 0.90 (0.83) mm long, 0.37 − 0.43 (0.38) times as long as body, 0.93 – 1.03 (0.99) times as long as hind tibia (Figure 7 E). Antennal segments III – VI pigmented thinly; segments V, VI imbricated with numerous transverse rows of spinules; segment IV sparsely with spinules between secondary rhinaria; segments I-III not imbricated and smooth; segment III 0.27 – 0.37 (0.33) mm long, 1.54 times as long as that of the emigrant, 0.71 – 0.96 (0.89) times as long as segments IV, V and VI combined; segment IV rather oval in outline, 0.50 – 0.75 (0.57) times as wide as long; segment V cylindrical, 0.21 – 0.25 (0.23) mm long, 0.13 – 0.17 (0.16) times as wide as long, 0.63 – 0.82 (0.69) times as long as segment III; segment VI 0.059 – 0.068 (0.064) mm long, 0.46 – 0.54 (0.49) times as wide as long, with the middle thickest; segment VI with spinules arranged in 12 – 15 transverse rows, without secondary rhinaria. Primary rhinarium present on segment VI, tongue-like, elongate transversely with ciliated rims (Figure 7 H). Secondary rhinaria present on the segments III – V, 0.002 – 0.009 (0.003) mm wide, slightly projecting, microscopically represented as the blight lines on dark pigmented background, covering usually 1 / 2 to the whole circumference from the ventral side, more numerous than in emigrant. Antennal setae short and scarce, present on the dorsal surface, 0.017 – 0.030 (0.022) mm long on segment V. Suture on head invisible; antennal tubercles not developed; vertex nearly flat. Median ocellus and 1 pair of wax gland plates situated posteriorly to the ocellus, forming a triangle (Figure 7 K). Head dorsally with 6 − 8 pairs setae, ventrally with 6 − 12 pairs setae; of them, 5 − 11 pairs of ventral setae situated around the wax gland plates. Ultimate rostral segment 0.10 – 0.12 (0.11) mm long with 7 pairs of setae, convergent with almost straight margins, 0.59 – 0.74 (0.68) times as long as the second segment of hind tarsus, 1.34 times as long as that of the emigrant (Figure 8 B). Pronotum with 2 pairs of wax gland plates spinally, metanotum and mesonotum each with 1 pair of them spinally. Femorotrochanter and tibia slightly longer than those of the emigrant. First tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 2 − 3: 2. The second segment of hind tarsus slightly shorter than that of the emigrant; second segment of hind tarsus 0.17 – 0.21 (0.19) times as long as hind tibia (in emigrant, the proportion is 0.23 – 0.32 (0.25 )) (Figure 8 E). Abdominal tergites membranous without sclerites. Wax gland plates present on II−VII abdominal tergites, 1 pair spinally, 1 pair marginally, and sometimes 1 − 2 pair (s) of small ones pleurally; round or oval in the outline, with variation in the size, consisting of 1 – 44 (20) minute round facets (Figure 8 H, K). Cornicles present on the pleural and posterior positions of the fifth abdominal tergite, 0.041 – 0.049 (0.044) mm in diameter, with slightly projecting rim, which is sclerotized slightly (Figure 8 N). The second to sixth abdominal tergites with fine setae sparsely; the seventh tergite with 7 – 8 slightly long setae. The second to sixth abdominal sternites with 20 – 29 short setae spinally, respectively. Genital plates slightly brown-pigmented, with 12 – 26 (15.9) setae on each of the right and left sides (Figure 8 Q).	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFFDFFBFFF3BFF75BE82F9FC.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant: Primary host: U. davidiana var. japonica, U. parvifolia, U. carpinifolia, U. rubra, U. minor, U. campestris, U. laciniata, and U. americana. Secondary host: Setaria spp., Eleusine indica and other gramineous species. Specimens examined: Fundatrix first instar nymph: 20 exs, Kyoto, Kyoto, 25. IV. 1981, on U. parvifolia, S. Akimoto; 24 exs, Beltsville, Maryland, USA, 3. V. 1982, on U. carpinifolia, D. R. Miller; 20 exs, Mandavit, Gradignan, Gironde, France, 2. V. 2010, on Ulmus minor, T. Yoshida; 10 exs, JC Raulston Arboretum, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, 1. V. 1999, on U. × cathedral, S. Aoki; 10 exs, Schenk Forest, North Carolina, USA, 2. V. 1999, on U. rubra, S. Aoki; 2 exs, San Martín del Agostedo, León, Spain, 11. VI. 2003, U. minor, Nicolás Pérez Hidalgo; 2 exs, Bronte, Sicily, Italy, 10. VI. 2009, on U. minor, S. Akimoto; 26 exs, Jeongseon, Gangwon-do, South Korea, 25 – 27. V. 2012, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto; 7 exs, Aokizawa, Minakami, Gunma, 3. VI. 1983, on Ulmus sp., Y. Matsumoto; 20 exs, Kashiwa, Chiba, 29. IV. 2015, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto; 20 exs, Bibai, Hokkaido, 5. VI. 1981, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto; 20 exs, Ukiha, Fukuoka, 8. IV. 1985, on U. parvifolia, S. Akimoto; 5 exs, Sapporo, Hokkaido, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto; 6 exs, Iwamizawa, Hokkaido, 15. VI. 2004, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto. Emigrant adult: 10 exs, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 17. VI. 2000, on U. davidiana var. japonica, M. Sano; 10 exs, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 20. VI. 1984, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto; 2 exs, Miami-Dade County Homestead, Florida, USA, 15. III. 2000, ex Zelkova serrata (probably misidentification of Ulmus parvifolia), Duraid Hanna. Exule first instar nymph: 2 exs, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 6. X. 1983, on grass roots, S. Akimoto; 3 exs, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 4. X. 1983, on grass roots, S. Akimoto; 4 exs, Bibai, Hokkaido, 1. X. 1983, on grass roots, Y. Yamaguchi; 3 exs, Hirosaki, Aomori, 29. IX. 1983, on grass roots, S. Akimoto; 6 exs, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, VII. 2014, on rice roots, M. Kanamoto; 12 exs, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 5. IX. 1982, on grass roots, S. Akimoto; 5 exs, Kashiwa, Chiba, 6. IX. 1982, on grass roots, S. Akimoto; 4 exs, Kyoto, Kyoto, 31. VIII. 1982, on grass roots, S. Akimoto; 6 exs, Kuroyama, Osaka, 1. IX. 1982, on grass roots, S. Akimoto; 6 exs, Ochide, Ehime, 22. V. 1974, on U. parvifolia, S. Aoki; 3 exs, Chiba, Chiba, 16. VIII. 1990, on grass roots, Y. Matsumoto; 14 exs, Kashiwa, Chiba, 26. X. 1984, on grass roots, S. Akimoto. Embryos in emigrant adults: 5 exs, Ochide, Ehime, 22. V. 1974, on U. parvifolia, S. Aoki; 2 exs, Yoshi-machi, Fukuoka, 14. V. 1980, on U. parvifolia, S. Aoki. Sexupara adult: 1 ex, Moftituck, New York, USA, IX. 1999, on U. americana, Daniel Gilrein; 1 ex, Adams Co., Bendersville, Bear Mtn. Orchards, Pennsylvania, USA, 28. IX. 2000, J. Stimmel, on grasses in orchard ground cover; 10 exs, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 30. IX. 1989, on the roots of Setaria viridis, S. Akimoto.	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFFDFFBFFF3BFF75BE82F9FC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Almost world-wide (Blackman & Eastop 2021).	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFF9FFBEFF3BF941B9F3FB68.taxon	description	Emigrant adult: Body elongated oval, 1.95 − 2.13 (2.08) mm long, without wax gland plates (Figure 6 C). Antennae 6 - segmented, 0.63 − 0.70 (0.66) mm long, 0.30 − 0.35 (0.32) times as long as body, 0.97 − 1.07 (1.02) times as long as hind tibia (Figure 6 F, I). Antennal segment III 0.19 − 0.23 (0.21) mm long, 1.15 − 1.28 (1.19) times as long as segment V. Antennal segment IV 0.076 − 0.091 (0.085) mm long, segment V 0.17 − 0.18 (0.17) mm long. Secondary rhinaria present on segments III−V, covering usually 1 / 3 − 2 / 3 circumference of the segments from the ventral side. Ultimate rostral segment 0.095 − 0.110 (0.103) mm long, 0.52 − 0.70 (0.62) times as long as the second segment of hind tarsus (Fig 6 L). Hind femorotrochanter 0.45 − 0.53 (0.494) mm long. Second segment of hind tarsus 0.15 − 0.18 (0.17) mm long (Figure 6 O). First tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 2: 2. Cornicles absent. Sexupara adult: Body 1.72 − 2.94 (2.26) mm long (Figure 7 C). Wax gland plates present on the whole body except the posterior segments of abdomen. Antennae 6 - segmented, 0.74 − 0.90 (0.84) mm long, 0.29 − 0.44 (0.38) times as long as body, 0.96 − 0.89 (0.94) times as long as the length of hind tibia (Figure 7 F, I). Antennal segment III 0.24 − 0.32 (0.30) mm long, 1.1 − 1.2 (1.2) times as long as segment V. Antennal segment IV 0.070 − 0.095 (0.079) mm long, segment V 0.23 − 0.27 (0.25) mm long. Secondary rhinaria present on segments III−V, covering usually 1 / 2 − 3 / 4 circumference of the segments from the ventral side. Ultimate rostral segment 0.12 − 0.17 (0.15) mm long, 0.73 − 0.84 (0.80) times as long as the second segment of hind tarsus (Figure 8 C). Hind femorotrochanter 0.57 − 0.70 (0.64) mm long, hind tibia 0.78 − 1.01 (0.89) mm long. Second segment of hind tarsus 0.17 − 0.20 (0.18) mm long (Figure 8 F). First tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 2: 2. Wax gland plates on marginal abdomen with two types of facets, larger ones of which are present in the center of plate, and small ones present peripherally (Figure 8 I, L). Cornicles 0.057 − 0.080 (0.070) mm in diameter (Figure 8 O).	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFF9FFBEFF3BF941B9F3FB68.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plant: Primary host: U. davidiana var. japonica. Secondary host: Miscanthus sinensis. Specimens examined: Fundatrix first instar nymph: 5 exs, Ukiha, Fukuoka, 8. IV. 1985, on U. parvifolia, S. Akimoto; 10 exs, Bibai, Hokkaido, 5. VI. 1981, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto; 14 exs, Aokizawa, Minakami, Gunma, 3. VI. 1983, on U. sp., Y. Matsumoto. Emigrant adult: 4 exs, Iwamizawa, Hokkaido, Japan, 15. VI. 2009, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto; 8 exs, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan, 7. VI. 1991, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto; 4 exs, Iitate, Fukushima, 4. VI. 2014, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto. Sexupara adult: 12 exs, Yoichi, Hokkaido, 7. X. 2017, on U. davidiana var. japonica, S. Akimoto. Other samples from Appendix S 1, the supplementary materials in Muramatsu & Akimoto (2016).	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFF9FFBEFF3BF941B9F3FB68.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, and Kyushu), South Korea (Hille Ris Lambers 1970).	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
03B887DBFFF8FFBDFF3BFAEEB86AFE7C.taxon	description	I. Fundatrix first instar nymph T. ovaliformis sp. nov.: Body 0.62 − 0.71 (0.65) mm long, antenna 0.12 − 0.14 (0.13) mm long, and hind femorotrochanter 0.15 − 0.19 (0.17) mm long. Antennae 0.75 − 0.89 (0.81) times as long as hind femorotrochanter. Ultimate rostral segment 0.09 − 0.11 (0.10) mm long and 0.50 − 0.64 (0.57) times as long as hind femorotrochanter. T. akinire: Body 0.63 − 0.83 (0.75) mm long, antenna 0.15 − 0.18 (0.16) mm long, and hind femorotrochanter 0.18 − 0.27 (0.23) mm long. Antennae 0.58 − 0.75 (0.68) times as long as hind femorotrochanter. Ultimate rostral segment 0.10 − 0.12 (0.11) mm long and 0.44 − 0.52 (0.47) times as long as hind femorotrochanter. T. sorini: Body 0.76 − 1.19 (0.93) mm long, antenna 0.18 − 0.20 (0.18) mm long, and hind femorotrochanter 0.22 − 0.43 (0.33) mm long. Antennae 0.54 − 0.59 (0.57) times as long as hind femorotrochanter. Ultimate rostral segment 0.10 − 0.17 (0.14) mm long and 0.28 − 0.55 (0.41) times as long as hind femorotrochanter. Tergites sclerotized strongly. II. Emigrant adult T. ovaliformis sp. nov.: First tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 3: 3. Antenna 0.36 − 0.38 (0.37) times as long as body. Antennal segment III 0.23 − 0.29 (0.25) mm long. T. akinire: First tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 2 − 3: 2. Antenna 0.28 − 0.37 (0.33) times as long as body. Antennal segment III 0.18 − 0.25 (0.22) mm long. T. sorini: First tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 2: 2. Antenna 0.34 − 0.38 (0.36) times as long as body. Antennal segment III 0.19 − 0.23 (0.21) mm long. III. Sexupara adult T. ovaliformis sp. nov.: First tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 3: 3. Antenna 0.43 − 0.46 (0.44) times as long as body. Antennal segment III 0.28 − 0.39 (0.33) mm long. Cornicle 0.039 − 0.053 (0.045) mm in diameter. Wax gland plates on marginal abdomen with minute round facets of similar size. T. akinire: First tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 2 − 3: 2. Antenna 0.37 − 0.43 (0.38) times as long as body. Antennal segment III 0.27 − 0.37 (0.33) mm long. Cornicle 0.04 – 0.05 (0.04) mm in diameter. Wax gland plates on marginal abdomen with minute round facets of similar size. T. sorini: First tarsal chaetotaxy 3: 2: 2. Antenna 0.28 − 0.44 (0.38) times as long as body. Antennal segment III 0.24 − 0.32 (0.30) mm long. Cornicle 0.06 − 0.08 (0.07) mm in diameter. Wax gland plates on marginal abdomen with two types of facets, larger ones of which are present in the center of plate, and small ones present peripherally.	en	Watanabe, Tomoko, Lee, Wonhoon, Sano, Masakazu, Murakami, Keisuke, Akimoto, Shin-Ichi (2022): Taxonomic revision of the Tetraneura akinire species group (Insecta, Aphididae, Eriosomatinae), with description of a new species and a correction of a nomenclatural confusion. Zootaxa 5183 (1): 162-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.14
